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Decourt, L., T. Muromachi, I. K. Nixon, J. H. Schmertmann, S. Thorburn, and E. Zolkov. "Standard penetration test (SPT): International reference test procedure." International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences & Geomechanics Abstracts 27, no. 2 (April 1990): A93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0148-9062(90)95092-f.
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Daniel, Chris R., John A. Howie, and Alex Sy. "A method for correlating large penetration test (LPT) to standard penetration test (SPT) blow counts." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 40, no. 1 (February 1, 2003): 66–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t02-094.
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The standard penetration test (SPT) split-spoon sampler is too small for investigations in gravelly soils. For this reason, several researchers have developed scaled-up versions of the SPT, commonly referred to as "large penetration tests" (LPT), and attempted to correlate the measured blow counts to SPT blow counts. Several LPTs have been in use worldwide; each with different drill rods, sampler dimensions, and hammer energies; hence existing published LPTSPT correlations differ for each system. This paper summarizes the LPT data in the literature and presents a fundamental method for predicting LPTSPT correlations. The proposed method is based on wave equation analyses of SPT and LPT and considers variations in test equipment, penetration resistance, and energy. It is shown that the method provides a unified approach for assimilating the various published LPTSPT correlations. Additional SPT and LPT data were collected at a sand research site to check the proposed method and to expand the LPT database. The observed and predicted correlation factors are shown to be in good agreement. The proposed correlation method will be useful as a logical framework for the comparison of LPT data collected throughout the world. Additional research will be required to extend this procedure to gravel sites.Key words: large penetration test, LPT, fundamental correlation method, wave equation analysis, grain size effects.
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Thorburn, S. "Field Testing: The Standard Penetration Test." Geological Society, London, Engineering Geology Special Publications 2, no. 1 (1986): 21–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/gsl.1986.002.01.07.
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AbstractThis introductory lecture discusses the international use of the standard penetration test (SPT) and presents the proposals for International Reference Test Procedures. The application of the SPT as a means of assessing the strength and stiffness of weak rocks is mentioned together with the reliance upon the test at the present time for estimating the liquefaction potential of saturated fine grained non-cohesive soils. The various aspects of the execution of the SPT are discussed which can provide variable and unrepresentative values of resistance (N values).The principle of measuring energy losses and making adjustments to the N values is introduced as a basis for ensuring comparability of test results.Reference is made to the general descriptions of the SPT given in BS 5930:1981 and to the lack of clear guidance in this British Standard.
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Suryanegara Dwipa, R. S., I. W. Arya, I. W. Wiraga, and I. M. W. Pramana. "Evaluation of liquefaction potential using cone penetration test (CPT) and standard penetration test (SPT)." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1450 (February 2020): 012016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1450/1/012016.
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Basoka, I. Wayan Ariyana. "PERBANDINGAN DAYA DUKUNG TIANG PANCANG BERDASARKAN PENGUJIAN CONE PENETRATION TEST (CPT) DAN STANDARD PENETRATION TEST (SPT) PADA TANAH BERPASIR." UKaRsT 4, no. 1 (April 29, 2020): 109. http://dx.doi.org/10.30737/ukarst.v4i1.793.
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Design of building structure always related to the foundation, field testing is often done to test the bearing capacity of the soil in the form of a cone penetration test (CPT) and a standard penetration test (SPT). From the two field tests that are often done, it is necessary to research the amount of bearing capacity obtained through CPT and SPT data. This study uses a bearing capacity analysis of the pile foundation using CPT and SPT data in Pesanggaran, Bali, Indonesia. The analysis was carried out by comparing the bearing capacity of pile foundations using pile foundations with dimensions of 15 cm, 20 cm, 25 cm and 30 cm at a level of 10 meters. The results of the bearing capacity percentage are then compared. From the analysis conducted, the bearing capacity of pile foundations using CPT data has a higher value than the carrying capacity of poles using SPT data with a bearing capacity difference of 10,4-16,3%.Perancangan suatu struktur erat kaitannya dengan fondasi, pengujian lapangan yang sering dilakukan untuk mengetahui daya dukung fondasi berupa cone penetration test (CPT) dan standard penetration test (SPT). Dari dua pengujian lapangan yang sering dilakukan, maka perlu dilakukan dilakukan penelitian mengenai seberapa besar perbedaan hasil daya dukung yang diperoleh melalui data CPT dan SPT. Penelitian ini melakukan perbandingan analisis daya dukung fondasi tiang dengan menggunakan data CPT dan SPT di Pesanggaran, Bali, Indonesia. Analisis dilakukan dengan membandingkan daya dukung fondasi tiang menggunakan fondasi tiang berdimensi 15 cm, 20 cm, 25 cm, dan 30 cm pada kedalaman 10 meter. Hasil persentase daya dukung yang diperoleh kemudian dibandingkan. Dari analisis yang dilakukan, diperoleh daya dukung fondasi tiang menggunakan data CPT memiliki nilai lebih tinggi daripada daya dukung tiang menggunakan data SPT dengan perbedaan daya dukung 10,4-16,3%.
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Sy, Alex, and R. G. (Dick) Campanella. "Becker and standard penetration tests (BPT–SPT) correlations with consideration of casing friction." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 31, no. 3 (June 1, 1994): 343–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t94-042.
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The Becker penetration test (BPT), through correlations with the standard penetration test (SPT), is widely used for foundation design and liquefaction assessment in gravelly soils. Most of the existing correlations, however, do not adequately account for the variable energy output of the diesel hammer used in the Becker system, and shaft friction on the Becker casing is ignored. An alternative and more rational approach to BPT–SPT correlations is presented, based on experimental and numerical studies conducted at the University of British Columbia. The research involves performing SPT, BPT, and other in situ tests at several sites in British Columbia and includes dynamic measurements of energy transfer in the SPT and BPT. Stress-wave measurements and wave-equation analyses are used to evaluate the effect of friction on the BPT blow count. New BPT–SPT correlations are proposed that consider the energy transfer in both tests and explicitly consider casing friction in the BPT. A recommended procedure for estimating equivalent SPT N60 from BPT blow count is presented. Key words : Becker penetration test, standard penetration test, dynamic measurement, pile driving, stress-wave propagation.
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Göktepe, A. Burak, Selim Altun, and Alper Sezer. "Evaluation and use of clustering algorithms for standard penetration test data classification." Artificial Intelligence for Engineering Design, Analysis and Manufacturing 29, no. 1 (July 14, 2014): 55–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s089006041400033x.
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AbstractThe standard penetration test (SPT) is the most common test conducted in the field, and it is used to determine in situ properties of different soils. Although it is a matter of debate, these tests are also used for the determination of the consistency of fine-grained soils, whereby the test results can also be utilized to establish numerous empirical correlations to predict the strength of soils in the field. In this study, unsupervised clustering algorithms were employed to classify the SPT standard penetration resistance value (SPT-N) in the field. In this scope, shear strength and liquidity index parameters were used to classify the SPT-N values by taking the classification system of Terzaghi and Peck (1967) into consideration. The results showed that the input parameters were successful for classifying the SPT-N value to an acceptable degree of strength attribute. Therefore, in cases where the SPT tests are unreliable or could not be performed, laboratory tests on undisturbed specimens can give valuable information regarding the consistency and SPT-N value of the soil specimen under investigation. Data in this study is based on several tests that were conducted in a region; nevertheless, it is advised that the results of this study should be evaluated using global data.
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Thomi, Rajib Bithom, and RR Susi Riwayati. "Analisa Daya Dukung Tiang Pancang Mini (Mini Pile) Pada Proyek Pembangunan Gedung Layanan Pendidikan Poltekkes Kemenkes Palembang." TEKNIKA: Jurnal Teknik 7, no. 1 (July 22, 2020): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.35449/teknika.v7i1.130.
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Pembangunan suatu konstruksi, pertama – tama sekali yang dilaksanakan dan dikerjakan dilapangan adalah pekerjaan pondasi ( struktur bawah ) baru kemudian melaksanakan pekerjaan struktur atas. Pembangunan suatu pondasi sangat besar fungsinya pada suatu konstruksi. Secara umum pondasi didefinisikan sebagai bangunan bawah tanah yang meneruskan beban yang berasal dari berat bangunan itu sendiri dan beban luar yang bekerja pada bangunan ke tanah yang disekitarnya. Pondasi yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah pondasi tiang pancang dengan sistem hidrolik.
Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk menganalisa dan menghitung daya dukung tiang pancang (mini pile) menggunakan data cone penetration test (CPT) dengan metode lansung dan metode Van Der Ween, data standart penetration test (SPT) dengan metode Mayerhoff dan Luciano De Court, dan hasil perhitungan korelasi pembacaan manometer pada Hydraulic Jack.
Perhitungan kapasitas daya dukung rata-rata kedalaman 12 m pada data sondir (CPT) menggunakan Metode Langsung lebih efektif dibandingkan Metode Van Der Ween karena menghasilkan daya dukung rata-rata yang lebih besar dengan Qult (186,75 > 66,96) ton, dan Qijin (45,30 > 22,57) ton, pada data standard penetration test (SPT) menggunakan Metode Luciano De Court lebih efektif dibandingkan Metode Mayerhoff karena menghasilkan daya dukung rata-rata yang lebih besar dengan Qult (197,08 > 139,22) ton dan Qijin (65,69 > 46,41) ton.
Kata Kunci: Pondasi tiang, kapasitas daya dukung
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Sahrul Purba, M. Ikhwan Yani, and Fatma Sarie. "KORELASI NILAI STANDARD PENETRATION TEST (SPT) TERHADAP PARAMETER UJI KUAT GESER TANAH." Jurnal Teknika: Jurnal Teoritis dan Terapan Bidang Keteknikan 4, no. 2 (April 22, 2021): 140–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.52868/jt.v4i2.2726.
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Tanah memiliki peranan yang penting pada pekerjaan konstruksi. Tanah merupakan pondasi pendukung suatu bangunan yang berdiri diatasnya dan menjadi salah satu pendukung kokohnya suatu konstruksi. Maka perlu diketahui karakteristik tanah dan daya dukung yang dapat diberikan oleh tanah tersebut terhadap bangunan konstruksi. Salah satu parameter daya dukung tanah yang harus diketahui adalah kuat geser tanah. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode statistika, yaitu regresi linear antara sudut geser dalam (?) dengan nilai N-SPT dan pengujian statistik meliputi uji regresi (R). Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk melihat dan membandingkan hubungan antara N-SPT (Nilai Standard Penetration Test) terhadap sudut geser dalam (?) pada jenis tanah lempung dan pasir. Pekerjaan dil-akukan di lokasi pembangunan gedung IPTEK dan inovasi gambut yang beralamat di lingkungan komplek Universitas Palangka Raya, Kota Palangka Raya, Kalimantan Tengah. Hasil korelasi antara N-SPT sebagai variabel bebas (x) terhadap sudut geser dalam (?) sebagai variabel tidak bebas (y) menghasilkan persamaan y = 0,3212x + 11,995 dengan nilai regresi sebesar 0,8971 di titik 1, dan per-samaan y = 0,3835x + 15,548 dengan nilai regresi 0,9004 di titik 2. Hal ini menjelaskan bahwa adanya hubungan yang sangat kuat antara N-SPT terhadap sudut geser. Hal ini ditunjukkan dengan nilai re-gresi mencapai nilai ?0,75.
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Tini, Tini, Adrin Tohari, and Mimin Iryanti. "Analisis Potensi Likuifaksi Akibat Gempa Bumi Menggunakan Metode SPT (Standar Penetration Test) Dan Cpt (Cone Penetration Test) Di Kabupaten Bantul, Yogyakarta." Wahana Fisika 2, no. 1 (June 20, 2017): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.17509/wafi.v2i1.7022.
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Gempa bumi yang terjadi di daerah Bantul, Yogyakarta pada 27 Mei 2006 dengan magnitudo gempa bumi sebesar 6.3 SR dapat menyebabkan terjadinya bahaya likuifaksi yang dapat merusak bangunan khususnya di wilayah Bantul Yogyakarta. Investigasi geoteknik yang telah dilakukan di Bantul, Yogyakarta dapat memberikan gambaran lapisan tanah yang berpotensi terjadinya likuifaksi. Analisis potensi likuifaksi dilakukan berdasarkan data SPT (Standard Penetration Test) dan CPT (Cone Penetration Test) dengan percepatan maksimum tanah menurut Gutenberg Richter di daerah penelitian rata-rata bernilai sebesar 2.93 m/s2 dan menurut Donovan sebesar 2.88 m/s2. Hasil analisis penelitian menunjukan bahwa lapisan tanah yang berpotensi likuifaksi didominasi oleh jenis tanah pasir lanauan da lanau pasiran yang berada pada kedalaman 0.2 – 3 m, 0.4 m, 2.4 m, 3.6 m, 7.6 – 7.8 m dan 8.2 m. Pengaruh percepatan maksimum tanah menurut Gutenberg Richter lebih besar terhadap terjadinya likuifaksi daripada menurut Donovan. Perbandingan hasil analisis potensi likuifaksi antara data SPT (Standard Penetration Test ) dan CPT (Cone Penetration Test) pada daerah penelitian menunjukan adanya kesamaan potensi likuifaksi pada lapisan tanah dengan kedalaman yang sama diantaranya pada kedalaman 0.2 m-4 m, dengan nilai Cyclic Strees Ratio (CSR) rata-rata sebesar 0.2, sedangkan berdasarkan nilai Cyclic Resistance Ratio (CRR) terdapat perbedaan nlai. Analisis berdasarkan data CPT lebih baik daripada data SPT karena data CPT lebih rapat daripada data SPT.The earthquake that occurred in Bantul, Yogyakarta on May 27, 2006 with the magnitudo of the earthquake of 6.3 SR can caused liquefaction hazard which could damage to teh building in the municipals of Bantul, Yogyakarta. Geotechnical investigation was carried in Bantul Yogyakarta, can give information about liquefaction hazard in soil layer. The liquefaction potential lanalysis was conducted using SPT and CPT methods, with Gutenberg-Richter’s maximum ground acceleration is 2.93 m/s2 and Donovan’s maximum ground acceleration is 2.88 m/s2. Result of liquefaction analysis indicate that the soil layer domination of silty sand dan sandy silt at the depth of 0.2 – 3 m, 3.6 m, 4 m 7.6 – 7.8 m and 8.2 m. Gutenberg-Richter’s maximum ground acceleration having influential for liquefaction potential better than Donovan’s maximum ground acceleration. Ratio result of liquefaction was conducted using SPT same as soil layer with CPT in resech location at the depth 0.2 m-4 m, with value Cyclic Strees Ratio (CSR) is 0.2. Even value Cyclic Resistances Ratio (CSR) have different value. The liquefaction potential lanalysis was conducted using CPT method better than SPT methods.
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Ding, Wei, Qing Liu, Feng Tao Sui, and Kang Kang Sun. "Discussions about Modification Issue of Rod Length in Standard Penetration Test." Applied Mechanics and Materials 438-439 (October 2013): 602–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.438-439.602.
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SPT (standard penetration test) is a geo-situ test method widely used in engineering. However, the awareness on modification issues about rod length of SPT-N has considerable differences. Based on the comprehensive analysis of existing research results, some valuable suggestions are put forward contraposed modification issues of rod length, which can be referenced for engineering practices and further research.
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Ismael, Nabil F., A. M. Jeragh, O. A. Khalidi, and M. A. Mollah. "Correlation between standard penetration test values and overburden pressure for desert sands." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 25, no. 3 (August 1, 1988): 590–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t88-064.
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The influence of the effective overburden pressure on the standard penetration test (SPT) values in calcareous desert sands is examined by field tests. A simple field testing procedure is proposed and employed in Kuwait at five sites having different relative densities for the surface soils. The correction factors for the SPT are determined from test results and compared with the most reliable correlations for clean silica sand. Key words: field tests, plate bearing tests, overburden pressure, standard penetration test, correction factors, relative density, calcareous soils, shear strength, compressibility.
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Robertson, Peter K., David J. Woeller, and Kofi O. Addo. "Standard penetration test energy measurements using a system based on the personal computer." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 29, no. 4 (August 1, 1992): 551–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t92-062.
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According to the International Reference Test procedure for the standard penetration test (SPT), in situations where comparisons of SPT results are important, calibrations should be made to evaluate the efficiency of the equipment in terms of energy transfer. However, equipment to measure the energy transfer of the hammer anvil system is not commonly available. Ten years ago a system was developed and made commercially available. However, this system is no longer available. An SPT energy calibration system is described that has been developed based on a microcomputer. The load cell to measure the compressive stress wave beneath the SPT anvil consists of a 0.5-m length of strain-gauged AW rod. Specialized software has been developed to record the force–time record for each hammer blow on a portable microcomputer. Examples of energy measurements are presented and discussed. Key words : standard penetration test, in situ, microcomputer, energy.
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Hatta, Khairul Anwar, and Syed Baharom Azahar Syed Osman. "Correlation of Electrical Resistivity and SPT-N Value from Standard Penetration Test (SPT) of Sandy Soil." Applied Mechanics and Materials 785 (August 2015): 702–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.785.702.
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In general practice, soil investigation (SI) incorporating bore hole sampling produced the most reliable value of the relevant soil parameters for the purpose of actual calculation on factor of safety (FOS) in slopes even tough time consuming and very expensive. Assessments of slope stability using electrical parameters have least been research by many scholars due to non-destructive and very sensitive and it is attractive tool for describing the subsurface properties of the slope without disturbing the physical characteristic of the soil. The method has been applied in various contexts like groundwater exploration, agronomical management by identifying areas of excessive or soil horizon thickness and bedrock depth. This paper investigates the relationship between electrical resistivity and SPT-N values of sandy soils. The research work consists of field resistivity surveys, soil boring and soil characterization tests. Field survey included 1D vertical electrical sounding (VES) and SPT method in obtaining SPT-N value. The test being conducted on 3 different areas and 11 sandy soil sample with electrical, physical soil characterization data which being used for least-squares regression method. In this part of the study, correlations of electrical resistivity with SPT values of soil were assessed. The findings showed good correlation between the resistivity and soil properties. The obtained results demonstrate the possibility usage of electrical resistivity survey as an alternative to standard penetration test SPT is possible.
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Yusof, N. Q. A. M., and H. Zabidi. "Reliability of Using Standard Penetration Test (SPT) in Predicting Properties of Soil." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1082 (August 2018): 012094. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1082/1/012094.
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Treen, Curtis R., Peter K. Robertson, and David J. Woeller. "Cone penetration testing in stiff glacial soils using a downhole cone penetrometer." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 29, no. 3 (June 1, 1992): 448–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t92-049.
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Cone penetration testing (CPT) in Canada is usually performed using locally available drilling rigs. The limited pushing capacity of most drilling rigs coupled with the risk of damage to expensive cone penetrometers has tended to restrict the CPT to generally loose or soft soils. Therefore, in regions dominated by stiff glacial soils the more rugged standard penetration test (SPT) is still the most commonly used in situ test during geotechnical investigations. However, there are many limitations with the SPT with respect to interpretation and repeatability, especially the uncertainty with the energy delivered from various SPT hammer anvil systems. A downhole cone penetration test (DCPT) has been developed by modifying the equipment and procedure of the standard electric CPT. The DCPT consists of a simple, inexpensive electric cone penetrometer attached to a 1.5 m (5 ft) length of AW drill rod. The test is performed by pushing the cone 1.5 m into the base of an open borehole to produce a continuous profile of penetration resistance Qc, over the 1.5-m interval or whatever interval penetration is possible. The test incorporates the simplicity, ruggedness, and depth capability of the SPT but is able to define a near-continuous, accurate, and repeatable cone penetration resistance profile. The equipment and procedure of the DCPT is described in detail, and results from a near-continuous DCPT and an adjacent continuous CPT are presented and compared with the results obtained from an adjacent borehole with SPT. Excellent agreement was found between the results of the DCPT and the CPT. Key words : in situ, cone penetration testing, stiff soils.
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Basari, Ender, and Gurkan Ozden. "Effects of grain shape on the standard penetration test and particle packing." Acta Geotechnica Slovenica 17, no. 2 (2020): 65–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.18690/actageotechslov.17.2.65-75.2020.
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Coarse soils can contain flaky grains in addition to rounded or angular grains, along with a varying fines content. Depending on the regional geology, however, the mica grain content can be remarkable, reaching 30 % or higher. Therefore, it is reasonable to expect that mica grains would affect the soil behaviour. In this study, soils of a delta deposit that are known to involve mica grains were examined. The river sand was considered as the host material and the mica grain contents were determined by means of the flotation technique. A correlation between the mica content as found using the flotation technique and XRD count numbers obtained using an X-ray diffraction test method for each soil sample was established. The standard penetration test (SPT) blow counts from various boreholes were interpreted from the mica content’s influence point of view. The results showed that the mica grains would reduce the SPT resistance at certain fines-content, host-sand, mica-grain combinations. The reduction in the SPT resistance as a result of the presence of mica grains might reach eight units at depths close to the ground surface. This influence is expressed by means of a dimensionless parameter (MCef); however, it diminished with an increasing effective stress and fines content. The findings of the present study show that the influence of particle shape on the overall soil behaviour deserves further study.
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Zhang, Ningning, Marcos Arroyo, Matteo Ciantia, and Antonio Gens. "DEM examination of SPT correction factors." EPJ Web of Conferences 249 (2021): 14017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/202124914017.
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The Standard Penetration Test (SPT) is the most widely used method for dynamic testing of soils. The test is simple and robust but difficult to control and not fully standardized. As a result, experimental results typically show large variations and poor repeatability. To mitigate that correction factors such as energy normalization and rod length have been introduced in SPT practice. This study provides an examination of the two correction factors using models based on the discrete element method (DEM).
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Febriana, Rima Putri, Selly Feranie, and Adrin Tohari. "ANALISIS POTENSI LIKUIFAKSI DI DAERAH CEKUNGAN BANDUNG BERDASARKAN DATA STANDARD PENETRATION TEST (SPT)." Jurnal Lingkungan dan Bencana Geologi 11, no. 1 (May 28, 2020): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.34126/jlbg.v11i1.277.
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Daerah Cekungan Bandung tersusun oleh endapan aluvial yang terdiri atas lapisan lempung dengan sisipan lapisan pasir yang belum mengalami pemadatan sehingga mempunyai potensi likuifaksi. Makalah ini menyajikan hasil analisis potensi likuifaksi di wilayah Cekungan Bandung berdasarkan data Standard Penetration Test (SPT) dengan mempertimbangkan percepatan tanah puncak akibat gempa bumi Sesar Lembang (Mw 6,5) dan akibat gempa bumi subduksi (Mw 7,0). Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa potensi likuifaksi terjadi pada lapisan pasir di kedalaman yang bervariasi dan pengaruh percepatan tanah puncak terhadap potensi likuifaksi akibat gempa bumi Sesar Lembang lebih besar daripada gempa bumi subduksi. Mempertimbangkan ketebalan lapisan pasir, penurunan tanah total akibat likuifaksi dapat mencapai 40,66 cm akibat gempa bumi Sesar Lembang dan penurunan tanah total hingga 26,08 cm akibat gempa bumi di zona subduksi.
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Raharjo, Purnomo, and Lukman Arifin. "KAJIAN FISIK LINGKUNGAN GEOLOGI UNTUK PENGEMBANGAN KAWASAN PANTAI UTARA DI KABUPATEN/KOTA CIREBON JAWA BARAT." JURNAL GEOLOGI KELAUTAN 8, no. 3 (February 16, 2016): 147. http://dx.doi.org/10.32693/jgk.8.3.2010.195.
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Data yang digunakan untuk kajian ini adalah : kecepatan sedimentasi, daya dukung tanah, dan analisis besar butir. Kecepatan sedimentasi secara vertikal berkisar antara 1.023 sampai 3.835 cm/tahun dan pertumbuhan pantai dari tahun 1999 hingga tahun 2000 adalah 7,287 cm. Volume sedimen yang terendapkan selama tiga tahun adalah 266.621.000 m2 x 0,07287 meter = 19.428.672,27 m3.
Daya dukung tanah diketahui dari hasil uji Standart Penetration Test (SPT) dari 0 m hingga kedalaman 24,45 m memiliki kepadatannya relatif agak kaku (stiff) yang merupakan endapan pantai. Kedalaman 24,00 sampai 41,00 meter memiliki kepadatannya relatif sangat kaku (very stiff) hingga keras (hard). Dari nilai indeks plastisitasnya dapat dikatakan bahwa semua jenis tanah lempung (CH) di daerah penelitian memiliki sifat plastisitas tinggi dan kohesif.
Hasil analisis besar butir menunjukkan bahwa secara umum jenis tanah/sedimen di daerah penelitian terdiri dari sedimen yang memiliki fraksi halus berupa persentasi pasir sangat halus terbesar kemudian fraksi lanau. Berdasarkan uji konsolidasi dari contoh pemboran memperlihatkan pada tanah/sedimen di daerah penelitian yang berfraksi halus memiliki tingkat kompresibilitas tanah sedang hingga tinggi.
Kata kunci : kecepatan sedimentasi, standard penetration test, besar butir, Cirebon
Data used for this study are sedimentation rate, soil bearing capacity, and grain size analysis.
Rate of sedimentation in vertical is among 1.023 to 3.835 cm/year and beach growth from years 1999 until year 2000 about 7,287 cm. Sediment are deposited to reach volume up to three year about 266.621.000 m 2 x 0,07287 m = 19.428.672,27 m 3 .
Bearing capacity of soil from Standard Penetration Test (SPT) to the depth of 24,45 meters shows a stiff densities and constitute of beach sediment. From the depth of 24,00 to 41,00 meters shows densities a very stiff until hard densities. Their plasticity index of all clay in the study area are hingh plasticity (CH) and cohesive.
From the grainsize analysis shows that all the soil/sediments in the study area are fine sediment which are very fine sand and silt. The fine sand are more dominant than the silt. Based on consolidation test from drilling samples those are also soil/sediments of fine fraction show a compressibility value from medium to high.
Keywords: sedimentation rate, standard penetration test, grain size, Cirebon
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Tham, Duong Hong, and Truong Nhu Manh. "Predicting the bearing capacity of pile installed into cohesive soil concerning the spatial variability of SPT data (A case study)." ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY 11, no. 1 (March 24, 2021): 45–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.46223/hcmcoujs.tech.en.11.1.1405.2021.
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Nowadays, in situ tests have played a viable role in geotechnical engineering and construction technology. Besides lab tests conducted on undisturbed soil samples, many different kinds of in-situ tests were used and proved to be more efficient in foundation design such as pressuremeter PMT, cone penetration test CPT, standard SPT, etc. Among them, a standard penetration test (SPT for short) is easy to carry out at the site. For decades, it has proved reliable to sandy soil, but many viewpoints and opinions argued that the test was not appropriately applicable to cohesive soil because of scattered and dispersed data of SPT blow counts through different layers. This paper firstly studies how reliable the SPT data can predict the physical and mechanical properties; secondly, the soil strength is determined in terms of corrected N-SPT values, and finally the bearing capacity of a pile penetrating cohesion soil. By analyzing data from 40 boreholes located in 18 projects in Ho Chi Minh City, South VietNam, coefficients of determination between SPT numbers and physical and mechanical properties of different soil kinds are not the same: R2 = 0.623 for sand, =0.363 for sandy clay and =0.189 for clay. The spatial variability of soil properties is taken into account by calculating the scale of fluctuation θ=4.65m beside the statistically-based data in horizontal directions. Finally, the results from two theoretical approaches of predicting pile bearing capacity were compared to those of finite element program Plaxis 3D and static load test at site. Correlation between the capacity computed by using corrected N-values instead of soil strength and results of static load test has proved to be well suitable in evaluating the bearing capacity of driven and jack-in piles, particularly installing in the cohesive soil using the SPT blows.
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Ghafghazi, Mason, Jason T. DeJong, and Daniel W. Wilson. "Evaluation of Becker penetration test interpretation methods for liquefaction assessment in gravelly soils." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 54, no. 9 (September 2017): 1272–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cgj-2016-0413.
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The Becker penetration test (BPT) is the only tool available for characterizing gravelly soils with a probe diameter that is meaningfully larger than that of the standard penetration test (SPT) and the cone penetration test (CPT). Measurements on the BPT system during operation provide information on how penetration is controlled by the driving energy and frictional resistance along the shaft. This has led to development of the instrumented Becker penetration test (iBPT), which uses measurements of force and acceleration obtained directly behind the drill string tip to compute the residual energy and displacement induced by each hammer blow. These measurements are used to produce a continuous profile of normalized blow counts that are repeatable, unaffected by varying driving energy or accumulated shaft resistance, and can be used to directly estimate equivalent SPT N60 blow count values as per DeJong et al. and Ghafghazi et al. in their 2017 studies. The measurements obtained also enabled evaluation of previously developed methods by Harder and Seed in 1986 and Sy and Campanella in 1994. This evaluation revealed that the hammer energy normalization approaches employed by Sy and Campanella and especially Harder and Seed are not robust across the broad range of conditions observed. The predicted equivalent SPT N60 values by Harder and Seed and Sy and Campanella methods are influenced by the shaft resistance magnitude as both methods are based on above-ground field measurements. Estimated N60 values produced by the two methods can be inconsistent with each other, with N60 values produced by the iBPT, and with measured N60 values obtained directly from SPT (where values are obtained in the absence of gravel).
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Li, Zhao Yan, Zhen Zhong Cao, and Yu Run Li. "New Prediction Formula of Sand Liquefied on Bachu-Jiashi Earthquake Survey." Applied Mechanics and Materials 170-173 (May 2012): 2880–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.170-173.2880.
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Through the Bachu-Jiashi Ms6.8 earthquake liquefaction investigation and test, obtain the 47 the standard penetration test date, examine the existing standard applicability based on standard penetration test of soil liquefaction identification method, and put forward the new sandy soil liquefaction evaluation formula. Analysis shows that the current assessment formula base on SPT counts of soil liquefaction are not applicable to Xinjiang region, will give the risky results. In the new survey data of soil liquefaction evaluation model established of five parameters by the earthquake intensity, the measured SPT counts, datum SPT values, groundwater level, and sand buried depth. The datum SPT values, the influencing coefficients of water and sand depths are gain by a normalized method and by an optimizing method. Establish new formula of soil liquefaction evaluation to the success judging rate is higher, the model shows that constructing reasonable and calculation formula is reliable, can be employed for regional code formulation in Xinjiang area.
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Jusi, Ulfa. "ANALISA KUAT DUKUNG PONDASI BORED PILE BERDASARKAN DATA PENGUJIAN LAPANGAN (CONE DAN N-STANDARD PENETRATION TEST)." SIKLUS: Jurnal Teknik Sipil 1, no. 2 (February 15, 2018): 50–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.31849/siklus.v1i2.136.
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Pondasi merupakan suatu pekerjaan yang sangat penting dalam suatu pekerjaan teknik sipil, karena pondasi inilah yang memikul dan menahan suatu beban yang bekerja diatasnya yaitu beban konstruksi atas. Tujuan dari studi ini untuk menghitung kuat dukung tiang bored pile dari hasil sondir dan standar penetrasi test (SPT) kemudian membandingkan hasil kuat dukung tiang bored pile. Metode perhitungan kuat dukung untuk data sondir menggunakan metode Schmertmann dan Nottingham serta metode Meyerhoff, untuk data SPT menggunakan metode O’Neil dan Reese, metode Meyerhoff, metode Coyle dan Castello. Berdasarkan data sondir diperoleh hasil perhitungan dari metode Schmertmann dan Nottingham titik sondir S-3 Qu = 2026,44 kN, dengan metode Meyerhoff diperoleh Qu = 2276,20 kN. Sementara untuk data SPT diperoleh hasil perhitungan dari metode O’Neil dan Reese Qu = 476,21 kN, metode Meyerhoff Qu = 1948,87 kN dan metode Coyle dan Castello Qu = 734,37 kN. Dari hasil perhitungan kapasitas kuat dukung bored pile dari data sondir, metode Schertmann dan Nottingham lebih optimis, begitu pula metode O’Neil dan Reese untuk data N-SPT dengan safety factor yang relatif kecil.
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Zhang, Hui, and Bao Yuan Zhang. "Study on Deformation Parameters in Dynamic Compaction Desert Foundation." Applied Mechanics and Materials 170-173 (May 2012): 357–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.170-173.357.
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This paper studies on deformation parameters through plate loading test (PLT) of some different areas plate, Standard penetration test (SPT) and laboratory test in Dynamic Compaction (DC) desert foundation in Inner Mongolia based on engineering practice. According to the result of experiment, it established relationships between deformation modulus and SPT counts values, compression modulus and SPT counts values, compression modulus and dry density, that can gain experience for detection of DC in similar site.
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Zhang, Lianyang, and Jin-Jian Chen. "Effect of spatial correlation of standard penetration test (SPT) data on bearing capacity of driven piles in sand." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 49, no. 4 (April 2012): 394–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t2012-005.
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In this paper, the effect of spatial correlation of standard penetration test (SPT) data on the bearing capacity of driven piles in sand is analyzed. First, the direct approach for using SPT data to determine the bearing capacity of piles in sand is used to derive the expressions for probabilistic prediction of pile bearing capacity by considering the spatial correlation of the SPT data. To analyze the relationship between the probability of failure and the factor of safety, a procedure based on the advanced first-order, second-moment (FOSM) method is used. Then parametric studies are conducted on the spatial correlation between the spatial average of SPT numbers over the pile length, NLV, and the spatial average of SPT numbers over an interval near the pile base, NbV, and its effect on the bearing capacity of piles. The results indicate that it is important to consider the spatial correlation between NLVand NbVin the probabilistic prediction of pile bearing capacity. Ignoring this spatial correlation will underestimate the probability of failure and lead to unsafe design. Finally, three tested piles are analyzed to demonstrate the probabilistic analysis of piles by considering the spatial correlation of SPT data and the procedure for probabilistic analysis of pile bearing capacity is summarized.
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Peixoto, Anna S. P., and David de Carvalho. "Determination of soil properties from standard penetration test complemented by torque measurement (SPT-T)." Acta Scientiarum. Technology 36, no. 4 (2014): 617–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4025/actascitechnol.v36i4.18759.
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Zaenudin and Sri Wulandari. "KAJIAN POTENSI LIKUIFAKSI MENGGUNAKAN METODE PENETRATION TEST DAN INDEKS KEANDALAN “STUDI KASUS BANDARA MINANGKABAU, PADANG SUMATERA BARAT”." Jurnal Ilmiah Desain & Konstruksi 19, no. 1 (2020): 54–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.35760/dk.2020.v19i1.2717.
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Bandara Internasional Minangkabau (BIM) adalah infrastruktur udara yang penting di Indonesia, terletak di kota Padang. Pada 30 September 2009, terjadi gempa bumi dengan besarnya (ML) 7,9 SR. dan percepatan puncak mencapai 0,28 g. Gempa ini akan digunakan untuk referensi dalam analisa likufraksi. Likufraksi perlu di analisa untuk menidentifikasi potensi kerusakan. Mitigasi perlu dilakukan sebelum memulai pengembangan BIM pada Master Design Bandara Internasional Minangkabau. Metode analisa potensi likufraksi yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode uji penetrasi standart (SPT) dan probabilistik/Reliabilitas index (β). Perbandingan antara rasio stres siklik (CSR) dan rasio resistensi siklik (CRR) adalah faktor keamanan. Faktor keamanan lebih besar dari satu maka tidak berpotensi likufraksi, tetapi jika faktor keamanan lebih kecil dengan satu maka berpotensi likufraksi. Hasil analisa dari potensi likufraksi menunjukkan potensi di beberapa titik di wilayah BIM, seperti area taxi Way, Apron dan terminal kargo bandara. Potensi likuifaksi rata – rata terjadi karna (FS) < 1 pada kedalaman 7-16 m, itu berarti potensi likuifaksi merupakan likuifaksi dalam.
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Liu, Songyu, and Roman D. Hryciw. "Evaluation and Quality Control of Dry-Jet-Mixed Clay Soil-Cement Columns by Standard Penetration Test." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1849, no. 1 (January 2003): 47–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1849-06.
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Dry jet mixing has been widely used since the 1980s for stabilization of soft soil. The quality and strength of the dry-jet-mixed columns must be evaluated to confirm the success of the stabilization. The standard penetration test (SPT) is shown to be a simple and effective method for this task. The strength characteristics along the length of the column were determined, and correlations between the SPT blow count and the unconfined compressive strength were developed.
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Juang, C. Hsein, Caroline J. Chen, Tao Jiang, and Ronald D. Andrus. "Risk-based liquefaction potential evaluation using standard penetration tests." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 37, no. 6 (December 1, 2000): 1195–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t00-064.
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In this paper, a new approach is presented for developing a liquefaction limit state function, which defines a boundary that separates liquefaction from no-liquefaction occurrence. The new approach is developed using a database consisting of 243 field liquefaction performance cases at sites where standard penetration tests (SPT) had been conducted. This database is first used to train and test an artificial neural network for predicting the occurrence of liquefaction or no liquefaction. The successfully trained neural network is then used to establish a liquefaction limit state function. Based on the developed limit state function, mapping functions that relate calculated factors of safety to probability of liquefaction are established. The established mapping functions form a basis for the development of a risk-based chart for liquefaction potential evaluation.Key words: probability, risk-based design, liquefaction potential, SPT, artificial neural network.
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Sy, Alex, and R. G. (Dick) Campanella. "Dynamic performance of the Becker hammer drill and penetration test." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 30, no. 4 (August 1, 1993): 607–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t93-053.
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The Becker penetration test (BPT) blow counts are commonly correlated to the standard penetration test (SPT) N-values for foundation design and liquefaction potential assessment in coarse-grained soils. Most of the existing correlations, however, do not adequately account for the variable energy output of the ICE 180 diesel hammer used in the Becker system, and the shaft resistance acting on the Becker pipe is often ignored. To obtain reliable BPT–SPT correlations, an extensive study of the BPT has been conducted at several sites in British Columbia. Dynamic measurements of Becker drill rigs and penetration tests were conducted that included hammer combustion and bounce chamber pressures, as well as force and acceleration near the top of the drill pipe. The dynamic field data are presented, including the maximum energy transferred to the top of the Becker pipe (ENTHRU). An energy approach for correcting Becker blow counts to a reference ENTHRU level of 30% of the hammer-rated energy is proposed. Different combustion conditions, drill rigs, and pipe sizes are investigated in the study. The test results show that ENTHRU is a fundamental and useful parameter for normalizing the BPT blow counts to account for the variable energy transfer from the diesel hammer. Key words : penetration test, dynamic measurement, energy, pile driving, diesel hammer, stress-wave propagation.
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Lin, Shibin, and Jeramy C. Ashlock. "Improved seismic profiling by minimally invasive multimodal surface wave method with standard penetration test source (MMSW-SPT)." Geophysical Journal International 208, no. 3 (December 15, 2016): 1308–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggw471.
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Abstract Surface waves propagating in layered media inherently possess multimodal dispersion characteristics. However, traditional surface wave testing methods employing measurements at the free surface usually capture only a single apparent dispersion curve, especially when using short geophone arrays common to near surface and geotechnical-scale investigations. Such single-mode or fragmented multimode apparent dispersion curves contain only a fraction of the possible dispersion information, thus limiting the accuracy of inverted profiles. To enable more robust measurement of higher Rayleigh-wave modes, a recently developed hybrid minimally invasive multimodal surface wave method is combined herein with the widely used geotechnical standard penetration test (SPT), which is employed as a practical and ubiquitous downhole source. Upon superimposing surface wave dispersion data for a range of SPT impact depths within the soil, higher modes can be measured more consistently and reliably relative to traditional non-invasive testing methods. As a result, misidentification of multiple dispersion modes can be practically eliminated, significantly improving the accuracy and certainty of inversion results.
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Ateş, Ali, İnan Keskin, Ermedin Totiç, and Burak Yeşil. "Investigation of Soil Liquefaction Potential around Efteni Lake in Duzce Turkey: Using Empirical Relationships between Shear Wave Velocity and SPT Blow Count (N)." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2014 (2014): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/290858.
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Evaluation of the liquefaction potential of a liquefaction-prone area is important for geotechnical earthquake engineering, both for assessment for site selection and for planning and new constructions. The liquefaction potential index for the city of Duzce in northwestern Turkey using the empirical relationships between the Standard Penetration Test (SPT) and the Shear Wave Velocity Test (VS) was investigated in this study. After,VSvalues based on SPT blow counts (N) were obtained from the alluvial soils in the city of Duzce. The liquefaction potential indexes of the soils were determined using the empirical relationships between the Standard Penetration Test (SPT) and the Shear Wave Velocity Test (VS) calculating for a probable earthquake ofMW=7.2. In the result of the study, the liquefaction potential index (LPI) values were interpreted and compared evaluating the SPTNblow count values obtained from the study area. Based on the empirical relationships assumed for the soils, it was observed that there was not a perfect agreement between the results of the two methods. The liquefaction potential index values using the SPTNblow counts were found to be lower than those of theVSmethod.
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Wei, Yingjie, Duli Wang, Jiawang Li, Yuxin Jie, Zundong Ke, Jianguang Li, and Tsunming Wong. "Evaluation of Ultimate Bearing Capacity of Pre-Stressed High-Strength Concrete Pipe Pile Embedded in Saturated Sandy Soil Based on In-Situ Test." Applied Sciences 10, no. 18 (September 9, 2020): 6269. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10186269.
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Estimation of ultimate bearing capacity (UBC) of pre-stressed high-strength concrete (PHC) pipe pile is critical for optimizing pile design and construction. In this study, a standard penetration test (SPT), static cone penetration test (CPT) and static load test (SLT) were carried out to assess, determine and compare the UBC of the PHC pipe pile embedded in saturated sandy layers at different depths. The UBC was calculated with three methods including the JGJ94-2008 method, Meyerhof method and Schmertmann method based on in-situ blow count (N) of SPT (SPT-N) which was higher than the values recommended in survey report regardless of pile length. The average UBC values calculated with cone-tip resistance and sleeve friction from CPTs was also higher than the value recommended in the survey report. Moreover, the actual UBC values directly obtained by load-displacement curves from SLTs were in line with the calculated values based on in-situ SPTs and CPTs, but approximately twice as high as the values recommended in the survey report regardless of pile length. For the SPT method, the application of bentonite mud in saturated sand layers is critical for the assessment of pile capacity in the survey phase, CPTs can provide reliable results regardless of soil characteristics and groundwater if the soil layer can be penetrated, and SLTs are necessary to accurately determine the UBC in complex stratum.
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Victoria, Lucas Costa, Vinicius de Freitas Hermes, Joaquim Vaz, Juliana Costi, William Correa Marques, Luiz Alberto Oliveira Rocha, Elizaldo Domingues dos Santos, Michel Kepes Rodrigues, Cesare Biserni, and Liércio André Isoldi. "Methodology Allying Standard Penetration Test and Era-Interim Data Set for Numerical Simulations of Earth-Air Heat Exchangers." Journal of Advanced Research in Fluid Mechanics and Thermal Sciences 76, no. 2 (October 23, 2020): 43–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.37934/arfmts.76.2.4364.
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Earth-Air Heat Exchangers are devices installed on buildings to reduce electrical energy consumption with air conditioner systems. They consist of buried ducts where the air is blown and induces heat exchange with the surrounding soil. Aiming to develop a consistent numerical simulation approach to study its behavior, this research allies the usage of Standard Penetration Test (SPT) and Era-Interim as part of the computational methodology. The results indicate that the proposed methodology can be adequately adopted, allowing the soil properties assignment from SPT reports, the prescription of inlet air temperature, and soil surface temperature from ERA/Interim data.
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Listanti, Sinta Nur Rizqi, Darsono Darsono, and Yusep Muslih Purwana. "A Comparison between Drilling and Standard Penetration Test (SPT) Data to the Electrical Resistivity Sounding with Schlumberger Configuration in UNS Area." INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS 8, no. 2 (November 23, 2018): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.13057/ijap.v8i2.17962.
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<p>The geophysics test using electrical resistivity method has been conducted in the area of UNS Campus to indicate the lithological of subsurface. This method is categorized as a Non-Destructive Test (NDT) due to the data acquisition is done at the ground level and no destruction during the test, which is more advantageous than destructive method such as drilling and SPT test. This study was performed with Schlumberger configuration in three location by electrical resistivity sounding. The acquisition data uses Resistivity meter OYO 2119 McOHM-EL with the track length is 100 m, while the data processing use IPI2Win to get a logarithmic graph between distance and resistivity and Origin to obtain graphic of resistivity and SPT. The result of this study indicates that electrical resistivity has a good correlation with SPT data. The electrical resistivity graph shows a linear increase along with increment of the depth, which is similar to the SPT graph. The slope difference at the first location is 2.44±1,197, the second location is 2.028±0.822, and the third location is 0.622±0.735.</p>
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Marto, Aminaton, Go Sakai, Naoaki Suemasa, and Nadiah Jamaludin. "An Attempt of Screw Driving Sounding Test in Malaysia." MATEC Web of Conferences 203 (2018): 04008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201820304008.
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Conventional soil investigation methods such as Mackintosh Probe Test (MPT) have limitations, e.g., require manual work for the equipment and data accuracy is low due to human error. While Standard Penetration test (SPT) needs high skilled workers and the cost per testing is expensive. Hence, Screw Driving Sounding test (SDS) was developed in Japan as a solution to the aforementioned disadvantages. An attempt was done to implement this test in Malaysia at different types of soils. This paper presents the results obtained from Batu Pahat and Cheras sites. Data from SDS tests were compared with the existing data of SPT and MPT available from Batu Pahat and Cheras sites, respectively. Results of the coefficient of determination, R2 = 0.721 for Batu Pahat Site and 0.851 for Cheras Site illustrate that the SPT and MPT results are highly correlated with SDS test results. From this preliminary findings, it shows that SDS test has the potential for soil characterizations in soil investigation work in Malaysia.
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Lai, Sheng-Yao, Ping-Sien Lin, Ming-Jyh Hsieh, and Hoi-Fung Jim. "Regression model for evaluating liquefaction potential by discriminant analysis of the SPT N value." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 42, no. 3 (June 1, 2005): 856–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t05-020.
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Discriminant models are developed for evaluating soil liquefaction potential, using standard penetration test (SPT) data for 592 occurrences of liquefaction and nonliquefaction. The discriminant model used is a multivariate statistical method. The square root of the SPT N value, (N1)601/2, and the logarithm of the cyclic stress ratio, ln CSR7.5, are adopted as the major parameters for analyses. Two models measuring liquefaction resistance through the SPT N value are also established in this study, which allows calculated results to be compared with the empirical curves. Key words: liquefaction, discriminant analysis, misclassified probability.
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Kuo, Yu-Shu, Kai-Jun Chong, Shang-Chun Chang, Juin-Fu Chai, and Hui-Ting Hsu. "A Hybrid Method to Evaluate Soil Liquefaction Potential of Seabed at Offshore Wind Farm in Taiwan." Energies 14, no. 7 (March 26, 2021): 1853. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14071853.
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This paper undertakes liquefaction analysis with simplified procedures with standard penetration test (SPT) data and cone penetration test (CPT) data obtained from an offshore wind farm in the Changhua area. The soil liquefaction resistance calculated by the SPT-based simplified procedure suggested by the Japan Railway Association was in agreement with the laboratory results. The CPT is widely used in the site investigation of offshore wind farms. However, Taiwan’s registered professional engineers are still familiar with soil liquefaction analysis for offshore wind farms using SPT-based methods. Hence, a hybrid method that incorporates an SPT–CPT correlation into the New Japan Road Association (NJRA) method is proposed to evaluate the soil liquefaction potential for offshore wind farms in Taiwan. In the case studies of soil liquefaction with five groups of adjacent boreholes in Changhua’s offshore wind farms, the hybrid method shows that the soil liquefaction potential with CPT data is consistent with the results calculated with SPT-based simplified procedures. To quantify the risk of soil liquefaction, Monte Carlo simulation is used to calculate the uncertainty of CPT–qc for estimating the probability of soil liquefaction with the hybrid method.
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Umam, Ahmada Khotibul, Sigit Winarto, Ahmad Ridwan, and Agata Iwan Candra. "PERENCANAAN PONDASI TIANG PANCANG GEDUNG DINAS TENAGA KERJA DAN TRANSMIGRASI." Jurnal Manajemen Teknologi & Teknik Sipil 3, no. 1 (June 30, 2020): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.30737/jurmateks.v3i1.883.
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The foundation has an important role in the field of construction. The function of the foundation is to transport the building load to the subgrade, so the foundation must be planned with the right calculation so that the building is safe and stable. Pile foundation is one type of foundation used in building construction with heavy loads. In research, land investigations use SPT (Standard Penetration Test). The calculations include the carrying capacity of the soil, the loading of buildings, the dimensions and depth of the pile, and the stability of the controls. Calculation results obtained, loading on floors 1 to 3, totaling 4,463.5 Tons. The dimensions of the foundation are 0.6, with a cross-sectional area of 0.28274334 and a depth of 18 M. The need for strengthening the foundation is 600059.7 Kg. With bolt control stability 24,620 Tons / M2 > 1.5 Tons / M2 – > Safe, shear 9,156 Tons / M2 > 0,156 Tons / M2 – > Safe.Pondasi memiliki peranan penting dalam bidang konstruksi. Fungsi pondasi sendiri yaitu meneruskan beban bangunan ke tanah dibawah pondasi menjadikan pondasi harus direncanakan dan diperhitungkan dengan tepat agar bangunan yang didirikan aman dan stabil. Salah satu jenis pondasi yang banyak digunakan yaitu pondasi tiang pancang. Pondasi tiang pancang merupakan salah satu jenis pondasi dalam yang banyak digunakan pada konstruksi yang memiliki beban berat. Dalam penelitian, penyelidikan tanah menggunakan metode SPT (Standart Penetration Test). Perhitungan yang dilakukan meliputi perhitunagn daya dukung tanah, Pembebanan bangunan, dimensi dan kedalaman tiang pancang, serta stabilitas control. Hasil dari perhitungan didapat, pembebanan lantai 1 sampai 3 sebesar 4663,5 Ton. Dimensi pondasi sebesar 0,6 M dengan luas penampang 0,28274334 M dan kedalaman 18 M. Kebutuhan tulangan pondasi yaitu 600059,7 Kg. Dengan stabilitas kontrol terhadap guling 24,620 Ton / M2 > 1.5 Ton / M2 – > Aman, Gaya terhadap geser 9,156 Ton / M2 > 0,156 Ton / M2 – > Aman.
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Robertson, P. K. "In situ testing and its application to foundation engineering." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 23, no. 4 (November 1, 1986): 573–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t86-086.
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The status of in situ testing and its application to foundation engineering are presented and discussed. The in situ test methods are discussed within the framework of three groups: logging, specific, and combined test methods. The major logging test methods discussed are standard penetration test (SPT), cone penetration test (CPT), and the flat plate dilatometer test (DMT). The major specific test methods discussed are the prebored pressuremeter test (PMT), the self-bored pressuremeter test (SBPMT), and the screw plate load test (SPLT). Discussion is also presented on recent tests that combine features of logging tests (using the CPT) and specific tests (e.g. the seismic, the electrical resistivity/dielectric, and the lateral stress sensing cone penetration tests). A brief discussion is also presented on the applicability, as perceived by the author, of existing in situ test methods and the future of in situ testing applied to foundation engineering. Key words: in situ testing, foundation engineering, penetration testing, pressuremeter.
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Itani, Omar M., and Yacoub M. Najjar. "Three-Dimensional Modeling of Spatial Soil Properties via Artificial Neural Networks." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1709, no. 1 (January 2000): 50–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1709-07.
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Geotechnical engineers recognize the variability of the geological materials they work with, including uncertainties associated with subsurface characterization tasks. These uncertainties include data scattering, such as real spatial variation in soil properties, or random testing errors. Systematic errors, as can occur in bias measurement procedures, are also common. In almost all construction projects, penetration tests play a major role in subsoil characterization. Interpretation of test results is mostly empirical, and it is therefore prudent to find a suitable computational method to minimize the error in predicting values at points away from actual test locations. In this research, the capabilities of artificial neural networks (ANNs) are assessed as a computational method for predicting standard penetration test (SPT) results at any point ( x, y, z) in a field where a set of SPTs is performed. SPT and moisture content data for five bore holes are used to train and test the developed three-dimensional network models. To graphically visualize the underlying soil strata, select contour maps of blows and moisture content values at various locations are presented. The results obtained indicate the viability and flexibility of ANN methodology as an efficient tool for site characterization tasks.
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Du, Guangyin, Changhui Gao, Songyu Liu, Qian Guo, and Tao Luo. "Evaluation Method for the Liquefaction Potential Using the Standard Penetration Test Value Based on the CPTU Soil Behavior Type Index." Advances in Civil Engineering 2019 (March 12, 2019): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/5612857.
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Taking the project of the Su-xin highway treated by using the resonant compaction method as the reference, a new method for the evaluation of liquefaction potential is proposed based on the piezocone penetration test (CPTU) and the standard penetration test (SPT). The soil behavior type index (Ic) obtained from CPTUs and the standard penetration test index (N63.5), obtained from SPTs, are analyzed for saturated silty sand and silt. The analysis result reveals a linear relationship between N63.5 and Ic, given by N63.5=−18.8Ic+52.0. The larger the value of Ic is, the greater the viscosity of soil is, and the smaller the value of N63.5 is. According to the method, liquefaction assessment of saturated silty sand and silt foundation can be conducted by using N63.5 based on the Code of Seismic Design of Building. N63.5 is expressed by a single Ic, which is calculated from the CPTU data. Compared with existing evaluation methods, this method can provide continuous standard penetration test values, moreover, this method involves a simple calculation, and the results obtained using the method are reliable.
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Farhangi, Visar, Moses Karakouzian, and Marten Geertsema. "Effect of Micropiles on Clean Sand Liquefaction Risk Based on CPT and SPT." Applied Sciences 10, no. 9 (April 29, 2020): 3111. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10093111.
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Liquefaction is a hazardous seismic-based phenomenon, which causes an abrupt decrease in soil strength properties and can result in the massive destruction of the built environment. This research presents a novel approach to reduce the risk of soil liquefaction using jet-grouted micropiles in clean sands. The saturated soil profile of the study project mainly contains clean sands, which are suitable to more reliably employ simplified soil liquefaction analyses. The grouting is conducted using 420 micropiles to increase the existing soil properties. The effect of jet grouting on reducing the potential of liquefaction is assessed using the results of the cone penetration test (CPT) and the standard penetration test (SPT), which were conducted before and after jet grouting by implementing micropiles in the project sites. According to three CPT-based liquefaction analyses, the Juang method predicts the most effective improvement range of the factor of safety in the clean sand. The Boulanger and Idriss, and Eurocode methods show comparable evaluations. Results of the SPT-based analyses show the most considerable increase of the factor of safety following the Boulanger and Idriss, and NCEER approaches in the SP soil. CPT- and SPT-based analyses confirm the effectiveness of jet grouting by micropiles on enhancing soil properties and reducing the risk of liquefaction.
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de Freitas Luiz, Augusto Montor, and Nelcí Helena Maia Gutierrez. "Geostatistical data analysis of the Standard Penetration Test (SPT) conducted in Maringá-Brazil and correlations with geomorphology." Soils and Rocks 43, no. 4 (December 31, 2020): 619–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.28927/sr.434619.
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Nogueira, Pedro Vencovsky, Marcelo Peres Rocha, Welitom Rodrigues Borges, Eduardo Xavier Seimetz, and Márcio Maciel Cavalcanti. "COMPARISON BETWEEN RESULTS OF SEISMIC REFRACTION AND STANDARD PENETRATION TEST (SPT) TO STUDY SHALLOW GEOLOGICAL SUBSURFACE IN AN URBAN AREA OF BRASÍLIA, BRAZIL." Revista Brasileira de Geofísica 32, no. 4 (December 1, 2014): 673. http://dx.doi.org/10.22564/rbgf.v32i4.536.
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ABSTRACT. The most common procedure for an engineering project/construction is the use of direct survey, borehole and Standard Penetration Test (SPT). Thisprovides punctual information of the geology at the site, and many boreholes are necessary along the construction site, representing a significant amount of the budgetfor the construction and to help develop a better geological understand/map of the site. The use of geophysical methods allows to study the subsurface by indirectmeans, with low cost, and enable to cover large areas if compared to direct surveys. Geophysical methods are increasingly being used in engineering works, however, inBrazil the use in engineering projects is still scarce. In this work was used shallow seismic refraction method to study the shallow subsurface in an area along the futuretrack of the subway system of Bras´ılia, Brazil. The refraction results (P-wave) were compared with previous existing data from Standard Penetration Test (SPT), and soilprofile description. The seismic was used to study the subsurface geology, and SPT data were used to compare the seismic results. We observed a good correlationfor the depths obtained through each method, mostly in the north portion of the line, when the SPT was near the line, indicating that its results are influenced by thesame mechanical parameters, related to soil strength. Our results motivate the use of seismic refraction as a tool to optimize the direct investigation methods for bettergeotechnical characterization of the medium.Keywords: shallow seismic refraction, standard penetration test (SPT), geotechnical study. RESUMO. O procedimento inicial mais comum em um projeto de engenharia é o uso de pesquisa direta, por meio de sondagens e Índice de Resistência à Penetração (SPT, em inglês). Estas ferramentas fornecem informações pontuais acerca da geologia local, sendo necessárias diversas sondagens para desenvolver um bom entendimento geológico/geotécnico da região, fazendo com que as sondagens representem uma quantidade significativa do orçamento da obra de engenharia. O usode métodos geofísicos permite estudar a subsuperfície por meio indireto, com baixo custo, e possibilita cobrir grandes áreas, quando comparado ao uso exclusivo desondagens diretas. Métodos geofísicos estão sendo cada vez mais utilizados em obras de engenharia, no entanto, o seu uso em projetos de engenharia no Brasil aindaé escasso. Neste trabalho foi utilizado o método de sísmica de refração rasa para estudar a subsuperfície em uma área ao longo do futuro trecho do sistema de metrô de Brasília, Brasil. Os resultados de refração (onda P) foram comparados com os dados pré-existentes de SPT e descrição do solo. A sísmica foi empregada para estudara geologia da subsuperfície, os dados SPT foram utilizados para comparar com os resultados sísmicos. Observou-se uma boa correlação para as profundezas obtidas através de cada método, principalmente na porção norte da linha, região em que o SPT está mais próximo da linha, indicando que os seus resultados são influenciados pelos mesmos parâmetros mecânicos, relacionados com a resistência do solo. Nossos resultados motivam o uso de refração sísmica como uma ferramenta para aperfeiçoar os métodos de investigação direta, com objetivo de gerar uma melhor caracterização geotécnica do meio.Palavras-chave: sísmica de refração rasa, índice de resistência à penetração, estudo geotécnico.
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Sani, Rifki Asrul. "Daya Dukung Tanah Fondasi Dangkal Pada Bukit Hambalang Bagian Selatan, Kecamatan Citeureup, Kabupaten Bogor." Jurnal Lingkungan dan Bencana Geologi 8, no. 3 (December 5, 2017): 143. http://dx.doi.org/10.34126/jlbg.v8i3.127.
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ABSTRAKSeiring dengan terjadinya longsoran di beberapa titik wilayah di bukit Hambalang, maka diperlukan kajian data kondisi geologi teknik berupa sifat fisik dan mekanik tanah serta batuan bawah permukaan, terutama mengenai daya dukung tanah dalam menahan beban bangunan di atasnya agar tidak terjadi penurunan. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini dibagi menjadi tiga, yaitu metode penelitian studio dengan memanfaatkan data-data sekunder yang telah ada, metode penelitian di lapangan melalui pemetaan geologi untuk mendapatkan data litologi yang tersingkap di permukaan, zonasi longsoran yang terjadi, dan identifikasi kekuatan tanah hasil pemboran geoteknik dengan Standard Penetration Test (SPT), serta metode penelitian di laboratorium untuk mendapatkan parameter sifat fisik dan mekanik tanah sebagai penunjang data daya dukung tanah serta geologi teknik daerah penelitian. Hasil perhitungan fondasi dangkal untuk general soil shear condition dan local soil shear condition dapat disimpulkan bahwa daya dukung tanah yang diizinkan (qa) untuk setiap kedalaman yang paling tinggi pada fondasi bujur sangkar (square footing) dan nilai tertinggi yang terdapat pada kedalaman 2 m, yaitu 57,32 ton/m2 dan 36,11 ton/m2. Fondasi yang paling rendah untuk semua kedalaman pada fondasi menerus (continuous footing) untuk kedalaman 2 m memiliki nilai 34,49 ton/m2 dan 21,25 ton/m2. Berdasarkan data SPT, nilai daya dukung yang diizinkan (qa) pada masing-masing titik bor berkisar pada rentang 2,85 ton/m2 sampai 16,85 ton/m2. Kata kunci: longsoran, daya dukung, Standard Penetration Test (SPT). ABSTRACTAlong with the landslide in some areas on the Hambalang Hill, it needs data of engineering geological study such as mechanical and physical properties of soil also subsurface rocks. Especially regarding the soil bearing capacity in order to restrain the building from settlement. There are three methods which used in this research, those are studio research by using secondary data, fieldwork research that is geological mapping conducted to obtain data on lithological rocks at surface, landslide zone and soil strength identification from geotechnical drilling with Standard Penetration Test (SPT) and laboratory research to obtain the soil parameters of physical and mechanical properties, which used to support soil bearing capacity data and engineering geology in research area. The calculation results of the shallow foundation for general soil shear condition and the local soil shear condition it could be concluded that the allowable bearing capacity for all depth which is highest at the square footing and the highest value found to a depth of 2 m, that is 57.32 ton/m2 and 36.11 ton/m2. The lowest foundation for all the depth of the continuous footing to a depth of 2 m had value 34.49 ton/m2 and 21.25 ton/m2. Based on data from SPT, the allowable bearing capacity on each of borehole ranging from 2.85 ton/m2 to 16.85 ton/m2. Keywords: landslide, bearing capacity, Standard Penetration Test (SPT).
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Ruan, Xiang, and Ren Yu Zuo. "Research on the Relationship between SPT and the Ultimate Vertical Bearing Capacity of Jacked Pile in Shenyang District." Applied Mechanics and Materials 71-78 (July 2011): 3308–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.71-78.3308.
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Though the wide applications of jacked pile in engineering in Shenyang district, the problem is also exist in engineering for the capacity of the jacked pile is hard to account. The relationship between the standard penetration test and the ultimate vertical bearing capacity of jacked pile is established in this paper; also an empirical formula is put forward for calculating the ultimate vertical bearing capacity of the jacked pile in this district with blow count of standard penetration test (SPT). The engineering examples indicated that the empirical formula is feasible because the calculating bearing capacity of the silent pipe pile is coincided with the static load tests. The calculated results satisfy the engineering requirement andt can be concluded that the method is also convenient to choose the diameter and length of the pile during the initial stage of design.
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Fauzih, Reza Afrizona, Najib Najib, and Narulita Santi. "Analisis Daya Dukung Bored Pile Pada Pembangunan Pondasi Jembatan Kali Kenteng dan Kali Serang Segmen Susukan di Ruas Jalan Tol Salatiga-Kartasura, PT. Waskita Karya (Persero), Kabupaten Semarang, Provinsi Jawa Tengah." Jurnal Geosains dan Teknologi 2, no. 2 (July 31, 2019): 87. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/jgt.2.2.2019.87-97.
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Jembatan Kali Kenteng dan Kali Serang merupakan salah satu proyek dari 4 pembangunan jembatan di ruas jalan tol Salatiga – Kartasura (STA 47+860.50 ~ 48+348.52). Jembatan ini terletak di terusan Kali Kenteng dan Kali Serang yang terdapat pada daerah Susukan, Kabupaten Semarang. Permasalahan yang ditemukan pada sepanjang jalur Salatiga ini adalah akibat morfologi dan kelerengan yang cukup curam, grid elevasinya mencapai 10-15º yang dapat membahayakan pengguna jalan dan dapat membuat kemacetan panjang. Tujuan dari penelitian tersebut untuk mengetahui persebaran tanah dan batuan secara vertikal dan lateral, mengetahui kapasitas daya dukung yang diijinkan pada pondasi pembangunan jembatan, dan mengetahui litologi dan kedalaman yang tepat sebagai batuan pondasi jembatan untuk rekomendasi desain pondasi tiang pancang. Jenis pondasi yang digunakan dalam pembangunan jembatan tersebut yakni pondasi bored pile. Kapasitas daya dukung maksimum dan beban maksimum yang diizinkan ditentukan berdasarkan analisis data yakni uji SPT (Standart Penetration Test), param sifat fisik tanah (berat jenis) dan sifat mekanik tanah (kohesi dan sudut geser dalam). Berdasarkan pemetaan geologi teknik, daerah penelitian memiliki satuan breksi vulkanik dan satuan lempung. Hasil perhitungan menggunakan metode Uji SPT dan sifat fisik dan mekanik tanah, menunjukkan nilai diameter 1,5 mampu menjadi pondasi daerah tersebut pada kedalaman yang berbeda. Nilai yang direkomendasikan menggunakan pengujian SPT lebih cocok karena memiliki nilai daya dukung yang lebih besar dibandingkan dengan menggunakan metode sifat fisik dan mekanik tanah. Batuan yang cocok menjadi pondasi adalah breksi vulkanik.
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Fajarsari, Ega Julia. "PERBANDINGAN DAYA DUKUNG TIANG TUNGGAL BERDASARKAN BENTUK PONDASI MENGGUNAKAN DATA SPT DAN SONDIR." Jurnal Ilmiah Desain & Konstruksi 19, no. 1 (2020): 64–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.35760/dk.2020.v19i1.2678.
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Apabila pada suatu struktur bangunan, tanah dibawahnya tidak mampu memikul beban pondasi atau memiliki daya dukung yang rendah, maka akan terjadi penurunan yang tinggi sehingga dapat mengakibatkan kerusakan pada struktur bangunan yang ada diatasnya. Dalam merencanakan pondasi untuk suatu konstruksi bangunan sangatlah penting untuk menganalisis daya dukung dari pondasi tersebut. Untuk dapat menghasilkan daya dukung yang akurat maka diperlukan suatu penyelidikan tanah yang akurat juga. Penyelidikan tanah terbagi menjadi dua yaitu penyelidikan tanah lapangan dan laboratorium. Ada beberapa penyelidikan tanah lapangan diantaranya yaitu penyelidikan Sondir dan Standard Penetration Test (SPT). Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menganalisis perbandingan nilai daya dukung berdasarkan bentuk pondasinya yaitu persegi dan spun pile menggunakan data Standard Penetration Test (SPT) dan data Sondir. Berdasarkan hasil perhitungan, nilai daya dukung yang lebih tinggi adalah nilai daya dukung pondasi tiang tunggal dengan bentuk persegi 30 x 30 cm baik menggunakan data SPT maupun sondir. Untuk nilai daya dukung tiang persegi yang diperoleh berdasarkan data SPT pada BH-1, BH-2 dan BH-3 masing – masing sebesar 55,58 ton, 58,61 ton dan 53,35 ton serta nilai daya dukung yang diperoleh berdasarkan data Sondir pada S-4, S-5 dan S-7 masing – masing sebesar 48,82 ton, 116,18 ton dan 30,91 ton. Untuk dimensi 40 cm nilai daya dukung yang lebih tinggi sama seperti sebelumnya yaitu tiang persegi baik menggunakan data SPT maupun sondir yaitu masing – masing sebesar 88,83 ton, 94,78 ton dan 84,58 ton untuk BH-1, BH-2 dan BH-3 serta 70,99 ton, 178,37 ton dan 46,78 ton untuk S-4, S-5 dan S-7. Nilai presentase selisih rata – rata antara tiang persegi 30 x 30 cm dan spun pile 30 cm sebesar 31,55 % sedangkan presentase selisih rata – rata antara tiang persegi 40 x 40 cm dan spun pile 40 cm sebesar 38,22 %.