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Journal articles on the topic 'Standing economic ties'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 28 May 2022

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Balashova, S. P., and A. P. Devyataykin. "TRADE RELATIONS OF THE ALTAI TERRITORY AND THE REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN IN THE FIELD OF FOOD." Economics Profession Business, no. 4 (December 8, 2023): 5–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.14258/epb202348.

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Currently, the processes of globalization in the international arena are intensifying, and processes of economic integration are taking place. The Russian Federation and the Altai Territory, as its subject, must look for opportunities to develop foreign economic activity, taking into account international tensions associated with political decisions. The Altai Territory and the Republic of Kazakhstan have long-standing historical ties, which continue today in the sphere of economics and trade. Both territories are located at the intersection of many transport routes, which creates additi

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Pak, Susie J. "Reputation and Social Ties: J. P. Morgan & Co. and Private Investment Banking." Business History Review 87, no. 4 (2013): 703–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007680513001104.

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Focusing on the private investment bank of J. P. Morgan & Co., this article examines the unique perspective that the history of private investment banking offers the study of reputation with regard to the role of social ties. Drawing from a larger study that looks at intersecting social and economic networks of New York private bankers before the Second World War, the article studies the ways in which the Morgan partners' social networks worked to maintain their reputation by creating an institutional structure for firm cohesion, establishing access to information and resources outside the

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Rimpa Mula and Grace Bahalen Mundu. "Socio-economic status of tribal women: A study of Jhargram district, west Bengal." World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews 22, no. 3 (2024): 2191–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2024.22.3.1979.

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A tribe is a social organization that lacks functional specialization, has territorial ties, and practices endogamy. Whether inherited or not, tribal leaders are bound together by a common language or dialect and are cognizant of social distance without experiencing the same social stigma that other castes and tribes do within the caste system. Women's socioeconomic standing is extremely important to both community and individual life. It is a multifaceted concept that can be quantified by combining different elements. The socioeconomic standing of tribal women is the subject of the current st

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Rimpa, Mula, and Bahalen Mundu Grace. "Socio-economic status of tribal women: A study of Jhargram district, west Bengal." World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews 22, no. 3 (2024): 2191–98. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14772291.

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A tribe is a social organization that lacks functional specialization, has territorial ties, and practices endogamy. Whether inherited or not, tribal leaders are bound together by a common language or dialect and are cognizant of social distance without experiencing the same social stigma that other castes and tribes do within the caste system. Women's socioeconomic standing is extremely important to both community and individual life. It is a multifaceted concept that can be quantified by combining different elements. The socioeconomic standing of tribal women is the subject of the current st

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Dina Hikmatu Zahra and Agussalim Burhanuddin. "Analisis Strategi Negosiasi China Terhadap Upaya Normalisasi Saudi-Iran 2023." Harmoni: Jurnal Ilmu Komunikasi dan Sosial 2, no. 3 (2024): 55–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.59581/harmoni-widyakarya.v2i3.3637.

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. An analysis of China’s negotiating strategy toward Saudi Arabia and Iran’s efforts to normalize relations highlights China’s important role as a mediator in resolving the long-standing and complex rivalry between the two countries. Geopolitical, economic, and diplomatic factors underpin China’s strategy to minimize conflict and promote regional stability. Through its multilateral approach, economic cooperation, balancing interests, and focus on energy, China has played a key role in facilitating dialogue and reaching an agreement between Saudi Arabia and Iran. By maintaining its position as

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Sethy, Bhagyadhar. "INDIA-RUSSIA ENERGY COOPERATION BLOOMING TIES BEYOND THE HORIZON." International Journal of Advanced Research 8, no. 11 (2020): 705–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/12059.

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Russia and India have a long history of cooperation in the energy sector. The prospects for the development of the energy dialogue are as promising now as they were during the period of friendship between the Soviet Union and India. Since the late 2000s, the RussiaÃ¢Â€Â“India energy partnership has been enjoying a renaissance. So why is now the time for Russia to think seriously about giving a new impetus to the energy dialogue with India? India is the worlds third largest energy consumer and a major energy importer with steadily growing demand. Russia is a key global producer and exporter of

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Wódka, Jakub. "W poszukiwaniu strategicznej autonomii. Rozwój relacji turecko-chińskich." Athenaeum Polskie Studia Politologiczne 82, no. 2 (2024): 150–68. https://doi.org/10.15804/athena.2024.82.09.

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The article aims to analyse the evolving TurkishSino partnership against the backdrop of growing tensions between Turkey and its traditional Western allies. Turkey seeks to diversify its international engagement due to the changing dynamics in the global system, including the relative decline of the West and the domestic dynamics in Turkey, marked by an increasing trend towards de-democratization. As a consequence, Turkey is actively searching for new international partners. To achieve its geopolitical ambitions and pursue a more independent foreign policy, Turkey is looking to strengthen its

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Tanvesh, Ganesh Bhalerao, and Pravin Jadhav Suhali. "Bilateral Trade for 'Viksit Bharat': Strengthening India-Russia Economic Ties Towards 2047." International Journal of Advance and Applied Research S6, no. 19 (2025): 701–11. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15112803.

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<em>India and Russia share a strategic partnership that has been a cornerstone of their foreign policies for decades. This relationship traces its roots to the Cold War era, particularly after the signing of the Indo-Soviet Treaty of Peace, Friendship, and Cooperation in 1971, which solidified their alignment during a period of global bipolarity. Over the years, the partnership has been characterized by mutual trust, shared geopolitical interests, and a history of supporting each other on critical global issues. A key pillar of India-Russia relations has been defense cooperation. Russia has be

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Yigzaw, Gedifew Sewenet. "Balancing National Priorities: Ethiopia's Ankara Declaration and Its Implications for Diplomatic Success - A Commentary." PanAfrican Journal of Governance and Development (PJGD) 6, no. 1 (2025): 193–200. https://doi.org/10.46404/panjogov.v6i1.6194.

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The Ankara Declaration, signed between Ethiopia and Somalia on December 11, 2024, with Turkish mediation, represents a pivotal step in addressing longstanding regional disputes in the Horn of Africa. Rooted in the principles of sovereignty, territorial integrity, and cooperative security, the declaration aims to foster stability through multilateralism, intelligence-sharing, and joint economic initiatives. Turkey’s strategic mediation, leveraging economic investments and cultural ties, underscores its growing influence in regional conflict resolution. While the declaration offers Ethiopia a pl

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Zhang, Yang, and Xi Wang. "Provincial deficits and political centralization: evidence from the personnel management of the Chinese Communist Party." Japanese Journal of Political Science 22, no. 3 (2021): 130–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1468109921000098.

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AbstractThe political autonomy of Chinese provinces derives from their economic independence. After the 2008 economic crisis, budget deficits increased significantly in most Chinese provinces, making them more reliant on financial support from Beijing. Provinces suffering high deficits will lose their political clout in both local and national politics. Therefore, provinces with large deficits tend to be less resistant to the enforcement of the law of avoidance and underrepresented in the Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party. We find that in provincial standing committees, the memb

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Yamamoto, Kathryn K., and Rhonda S. Black. "Standing Behind and Listening to Native Hawaiian Students in the Transition Process." Career Development and Transition for Exceptional Individuals 38, no. 1 (2013): 50–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2165143413498412.

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The purpose of this qualitative multiple case study was to describe how culture, disability, and prospective first-generation college student status influenced the transition decisions of five native Hawaiian students with specific learning disabilities who attended a Hawaiian-focused charter school. Students had strong ties to their history and culture which influenced all facets of their lives including their decisions about the future. Accessing postsecondary education (PSE) was viewed as a means to employment that would enable them to support their family members. The lack of economic, soc

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Ziegler, Charles E. "Russia and the CIS in 2008: Axis of Authoritarianism??" Asian Survey 49, no. 1 (2009): 135–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/as.2009.49.1.135.

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Russia's seamless presidential succession produced no major changes in domestic politics or foreign policy. Ties with Asia remained strong, though several key relationships——with China, Japan, and the Central Asian states——frayed under the impact of Russia's military action in Georgia. Impressive economic performance in the first half of the year boosted Russian confidence as a great power, but its vulnerability to the global financial crisis together with the heavy-handed operation in the Caucasus undermined Moscow's standing with both Asia and Europe by the end of the year.

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Muhammad Jahanzaib. "Iran-Pakistan Relations: Strategic Transition from Geopolitics to Geo-Economics." Social Science Review Archives 3, no. 1 (2025): 1985–94. https://doi.org/10.70670/sra.v3i1.507.

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Pakistan and Iran share a long-standing relationship shaped by historical, cultural and religious ties. However, their bilateral relations have been influenced by complex geopolitical and geo-economic dynamics. This study examines the shift from geopolitics to geo-economics in Pakistan-Iran relations post-2008, assessing its key impacts and underlying challenges. Utilizing a neoliberal framework, the research explores how economic interdependence, trade and investment have redefined their diplomatic engagement. The study highlights the strategic significance of economic cooperation between the

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Kim, WonHo, and Yang Dong. "China-Latin America Relations, 2000-2024: A Triangular Dynamic of Opportunities and Challenges." México y la Cuenca del Pacífico 14, no. 41 (2025): 9–37. https://doi.org/10.32870/mycp.v14i41.937.

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This paper examines the political and economic opportunities and challenges in China-Latin America relations within a triangular dynamic involving the U.S. Using a Neorealist theoretical framework, it analyzes how Latin American countries maneuver between Chinese economic engagement and long-standing u.s. influence. The study employs comparative analysis and reviews existing literature to explore factors shaping these relationships. Findings indicate that while China’s economic cooperation offers development opportunities for Latin America, it also raises concerns about debt sustainability and

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Guyot-Réchard, Bérénice. "When Legions Thunder Past: The Second World War and India’s Northeastern Frontier." War in History 25, no. 3 (2017): 328–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0968344516679041.

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Between 1942 and 1945, the Patkai mountains of Assam and Manipur became India’s front line against Japan. This article charts the concatenation of political, cultural, and socio-economic transformations that the Second World War caused in a region that colonial authorities had tried to cordon off. The conflict had push-and-pull effects on the Patkai, intensifying direct state penetration yet reviving long-standing transregional ties with Tibet, China, and Southeast Asia. When ‘national’ borders appeared with Burma and India’s independence two years later, the effect was jarring. As such, the w

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Eduard V., Batunaev. "Russian-Mongolian Trade and Economic Relations at the Beginning of the 20th Century: History and Stages of Development." Humanitarian Vector 16, no. 6 (2021): 20–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.21209/1996-7853-2021-16-6-20-28.

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For a long time, trade relations in this region have played an important role between agricultural and nomadic cultures. The Great Silk Road, the first trans-Eurasian trade route connecting East Asia and the Mediterranean in antiquity and the Middle Ages, promoted an intensive exchange of goods, interpenetration of cultures, transfer of knowledge and technology. Russia and Mongolia have long common borders, close economic, cultural, and religious ties of border territories. The study shows the development of Russian-Mongolian trade and economic relations, considers the volume of trade, analysi

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Allahdad, Abdulhakim. "Afghan-American Relations In The Pre-Cold War Era: 1921-1948." Marmara Üniversitesi Siyasal Bilimler Dergisi 13, no. 1 (2025): 141–60. https://doi.org/10.14782/marmarasbd.1554589.

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Much has been written about Afghan-American relations during the Cold War and post-9/11 periods. But the interwar period (1921-1948) have received less scholarly attention, despite the period’s critical importance in shaping the trajectory of bilateral ties. Afghanistan’s repeated efforts to establish formal relations with the US during this era met with long-standing hesitation and delayed reciprocation. Despite Afghanistan’s proactive and repeated diplomatic overtures, it took over a decade for the US to recognize Afghanistan’s independence and even longer to establish a permanent diplomatic

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Kim, Dohee. "North Korea in 2023." Asian Survey 64, no. 2 (2024): 235–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/as.2024.64.2.235.

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In 2023, North Korea continued along a trajectory similar to that of 2022, with developments in politics, the economy, military, and diplomacy. The regime’s primary focus was on the glorification of Kim Jong-Un and the enhancement of its nuclear capabilities to ensure regime stability. This involved efforts to maintain internal solidarity through economic mobilization while tightly controlling any social dissatisfaction. North Korea adamantly refused to discuss denuclearization with the United States and designated South Korea as a belligerent state. Meanwhile, the country pursued closer coope

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Kochetkova, Ekaterina V. "RELATIONS BETWEEN MALAYSIA AND INDIA: MAJOR DIRECTIONS AND PROSPECT." Journal of the Institute of Oriental Studies RAS, no. 4 (26) (2023): 302–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.31696/2618-7302-2023-4-302-312.

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India and Malaysia have long-standing trade ties dating back to the pre-Christian era. Official diplomatic cooperation between India and Malaysia was established in 1957, after the declaration of independence of the Federation of Malaysia. Malaysia occupies an important place in India’s foreign policy, and due to its regional location, Malaysia could contribute to strengthening cooperation and interaction with other ASEAN countries. Currently, India and Malaysia are witnessing growing interaction in all aspects of bilateral cooperation, including politics, economy and trade, defense and securi

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Usman, Sahibzada Muhammad, and Zekun Lyu. "Sino-Africa relations: Gradual changes in Chinese foreign strategy towards African countries." Liberal Arts and Social Sciences International Journal (LASSIJ) 5, no. 1 (2021): 154–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.47264/idea.lassij/5.1.11.

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China is one of the world's foremost economic powers, affecting many countries' economies and political issues. China standing by the five principles of peaceful coexistence, is ready to cultivate friendly cooperation and ties with all countries that contribute to international peace, security, and mutual prosperity. Africa is an important factor for global stability and prosperity with the highest number of developing countries. Africa is still of considerable significance to the Chinese Government. Therefore, the Chinese government wishes to present China's African strategy and its action to

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Yuliantoro, Nur Rachmat, and Leonard Patrick Bromokusomo. "The 2022 Ukraine Crisis: What It Means for Sino-Russian Relations." Intermestic: Journal of International Studies 8, no. 1 (2023): 333. http://dx.doi.org/10.24198/intermestic.v8n1.16.

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The onset of the Russo-Ukrainian conflict in February 2022, commonly referred to as the 2022 Ukraine crisis, has had a notable impact on the dynamics of Sino-Russian relations. In light of Russia encountering a severe reaction from the global community, it is anticipated that China will assume a mitigating role, owing to their amicable bilateral ties throughout the preceding decade. This study investigates the potential for increased assertiveness in China�s response to the invasion and the resulting implications for their ties. It examines the ramifications of the crisis on Sino-Russian relat

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Batunaev, Eduard В., та Yulia G. Grigorieva. "ПРИГРАНИЧНОЕ СОТРУДНИЧЕСТВО РОССИИ И МОНГОЛИИ (НА ПРИМЕРЕ РЕСПУБЛИКИ БУРЯТИЯ)". Азиатско-Тихоокеанский регион: экономика, политика, право 54, № 1 (2020): 30–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.24866/1813-3274/2020-1/30-45.

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В статье рассматриваются основные направления, тенденции и перспективы приграничного и регионального сотрудничества Монголии и России (на примере Республики Бурятия). Дан исторический экскурс приграничного со-трудничества, который позволил реконструировать давние торгово-экономические и добрососедские связи между Россией и Монголией. На основе статистических данных по состоянию на 2018–2019 гг. проведён анализ динамики двухстороннего торгового оборота, инвестиционного сотрудничества и современного состояния торгово-экономического сотрудничества Республики Бурятия и Монголии. Установлено, что в

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Phorn, Bopha, and Neil Loughlin. "Cambodia in 2023 and 2024." Asian Survey 65, no. 2 (2025): 323–35. https://doi.org/10.1525/as.2025.65.2.323.

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The end of 2024 marked the first full calendar year in power for Cambodia’s new prime minister, Hun Manet. Manet inherited the position from his father, Hun Sen, in August 2023, fulfilling long-standing expectations of a dynastic succession within the Hun family. Questions remain about the balance of power between Manet and his father, who continues to wield significant influence. Internationally, Cambodia has sought to maintain its political and economic ties with China at the same time as tentatively improving relations with the United States and other countries. However, its international r

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Shafeeq, Maheen. "India’s Strategic Autonomy and the US-India Strategic Partnership: Implications on Pakistan." Journal of Security & Strategic Analyses 11, no. 1 (2025): 05–28. https://doi.org/10.57169/jssa.0011.01.0344.

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The paper examines Indo-US strategic partnership through a structural realist lens, and analyses how India’s long-standing policy of non-alignment has always had some inclination. Since the 1950s, India has depended on the policy of non-alignment to strengthen ties with the opposing major powers, the US and Russia, and to secure national interests without binding itself to commitment of reciprocity. While Indo-US relations developed diplomatic relation in 1947, closer strategic relations only emerged in post-2000 era, which have now transformed into Global Comprehensive Strategic Partnership.

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Verbergt, Marie-Gabrielle. "“Rigid criteria should not be established”?" Serendipities. Journal for the Sociology and History of the Social Sciences 8, no. 1-2 (2024): 58–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/serendipities.v8i1-2.133995.

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This article asks when, how, and why external peer review was introduced in the funding procedures of the European Science Foundation’s Standing Committee for the Humanities. It covers both the period before and after the introduction of external review in 1997. Up to then, a lack of selection criteria in combination with highly flexible procedures made it possible for a small elite to allocate funding based on personal convictions and ties. When peer review was introduced, this was done not only because of ideological reasons, but also for logistical, and, in the end, economic reasons. This i

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Shahzeb Danish, Insha, Fizza, et al. "Networks of Opportunity’: Unpacking the Role of Family, Peers, and Community in Shaping Economic Mobility in Low-Income Urban Settings." Critical Review of Social Sciences Studies 3, no. 1 (2025): 313–24. https://doi.org/10.59075/42d0c606.

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This paper examines the role of social networks, specifically family, peers, and community, in influencing economic mobility in low-income urban areas, where access to opportunities is often constrained by education, employment, and social connections. Drawing on qualitative interviews and survey data, the study investigates how social capital structure and dynamics enable or hinder individuals' access to key resources for education, employment, and mentorship. The findings highlight the dual nature of family structures, where intergenerational support can serve as a pathway to economic mobili

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Awais Ali Ch, Dr. Nadia Zaheer Ali, Salah Uddin, and Zakar Hussain. "Pakistan’s Strategic Balancing Act: Navigating Relations between China, The US and the Emerging Multipolar World Order." Critical Review of Social Sciences Studies 3, no. 2 (2025): 553–66. https://doi.org/10.59075/t3kkh396.

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This research explores Pakistan’s strategic balancing act in managing its relations with China, the United States, and other global powers in the context of the emerging multipolar world order. As global power dynamics shift from a unipolar to a multipolar system, Pakistan finds itself at a critical geopolitical crossroads. The study examines how Pakistan maintains its long-standing security and economic ties with China, especially through projects like the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC), while also striving to sustain a working relationship with the United States amid growing US-Chin

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Suharyanto, Ellen Monica Audrey, Christy Damayanti, and Untari Narulita Madyar Dewi. "Revisiting the Development of China and the United Arab Emirates (UAE) Relations under the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC)." Asian Journal of Multidisciplinary Research & Review 03, no. 02 (2022): 01–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.55662/ajmrr.2022.3201.

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China and the United Arab Emirates (UAE) established bilateral cooperation in 1971, and the two countries’ political, economic, and commercial connections have grown since then. China and the United Arab Emirates are key economic partners, and bilateral ties have grown to this day. Since the signing of the People’s Republic of China and GCC Member States’ 2014-2017 Strategic Dialogue Plan, the release of the Third Round Press Communication of the PRC-GCC Strategic Dialogue, and the signing of the 16 China-UAE Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) in 2015 at the China-UAE Economic Forum held in Bei

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Ellen, Monica Audrey Suharyanto, Damayanti Christy, and Narulita Madyar Dewi Untari. "Revisiting the Development of China and the United Arab Emirates (UAE) Relations under the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC)." Asian Journal of Multidisciplinary Research & Review 3, no. 2 (2022): 1–16. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6357184.

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China and the United Arab Emirates (UAE) established bilateral cooperation in 1971, and the two countries' political, economic, and commercial connections have grown since then. China and the United Arab Emirates are key economic partners, and bilateral ties have grown to this day. Since the signing of the People's Republic of China and GCC Member States' 2014-2017 Strategic Dialogue Plan, the release of the Third Round Press Communication of the PRC-GCC Strategic Dialogue, and the signing of the 16 China-UAE Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) in 2015 at the China-UAE Economic Forum

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Bazarov, Boris V., Damdin D. Badaraev, Chingis Ts Tsyrenov, Evgenii V. Nolev та Alexandr D. Gombozhapov. "Россия, Монголия, Китай: исторические проекции межстранового взаимодействия". Oriental studies 16, № 4 (2023): 727–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.22162/2619-0990-2023-68-4-727-741.

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Introduction. The Russia-Mongolia-China Economic Corridor (RCM) is an important regional initiative aimed at expanding ties and developing economic cooperation in Northeast Asia. Insights into historical contexts of the corridor are essential for understanding its current dynamics and future prospects. Goals. The article attempts a comprehensive analysis of historical aspects related to the Russia-China-Mongolia Economic Corridor, with due account of historical projections, geopolitical factors, and historical trade routes that had shaped economic relations between the nations. The paper shall

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Lallukka, Seppo, and Liudmila Nikitina. "Continuing with Perm', Turning to Syktyvkar, or Standing on One's Own? The Debate about the Status of the Komi-Permiak Autonomous Okrug." Nationalities Papers 29, no. 1 (2001): 129–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00905990120036411.

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On 26 February 1925, the Soviet government, or the Presidium of the Central Executive Committee of the USSR, passed a resolution that, in effect, ensured the continuation of the separate development of the southern and the northern Komi, that is, the Komi-Permiaks and the Komi-Zyrians. In more detail, the Presidium decided,(1) Considering the great territorial distance of the Permiak region from the Komi area, and owing to the lack of mutual economic ties between these two territories, to refuse the request of the Komi autonomous area and representatives of the Permiak population for inclusion

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Areeba Arif. "Energising SAARC: Options for Pakistan." Strategic Studies 38, no. 2 (2018): 71–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.53532/ss.038.02.00151.

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South Asia has a chequered history, as it has confronted great crisis and problem, such as poverty, bad governance, corruption, illiteracy and terrorism. The South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) was established in 1985, in Bangladesh, with the objective to promote economic development and prosperity of the South Asian people. It is not considered as a successful organisation due to the authoritative role of India and apprehensive behaviour of small states. The member countries are not ready to accept the superiority of India as it never agreed on negotiating on an equal bas

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Ume Farwa. "Russia’s Strategic Calculus in South Asia and Pakistan’s Role: Challenges and Prospects." Strategic Studies 39, no. 2 (2019): 33–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.53532/ss.039.02.00110.

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Russia has begun to adopt a politically pronounced approach towards Pakistan, which indicates a shift in Moscow’s long-standing patterns of engagement with Islamabad. Against this background, this paper attempts to address this question as to what role Pakistan can play in Russia’s strategic calculus in South Asia and what policy options needs to be adopted for capitalising on Kremlin’s shifting posture. In terms of achieving its strategic, political and economic goals, Russia seems to assign a special place to Pakistan and this was reflected in Moscow’s engagement with Islamabad in the Afghan

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Ewing, Richard Daniel. "Hu Jintao: The Making of a Chinese General Secretary." China Quarterly 173 (March 2003): 17–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0009443903000032.

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Chinese Vice-President Hu Jintao, Jiang Zemin's heir apparent, has risen to the elite levels of Chinese politics through skill and a diverse network of political patrons. Hu's political career spans four decades, and he has been associated with China's top leaders, including Song Ping, Hu Yaobang, Deng Xiaoping and Jiang Zemin. Though marked early as a liberal by his ties to Hu Yaobang, Hu Jintao's conservative credentials were fashioned during the imposition of martial law in Tibet in 1989. Those actions endeared him to the Beijing leadership following the 4 June Tiananmen Square crackdown, a

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Mariya, Edwin Joy. "China’s Growing Role in Latin America." National Security 8, no. 1 (2025): 54–80. https://doi.org/10.32381/ns.2025.08.01.4.

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There have been 220 foreign visits by Union Ministers between January 2020 and November 2023, but only six to Latin America and Caribbean (LAC) countries. Foreign visits by government delegations are one of the most visible manifestations of diplomacy that helped India to enhance its standing across the globe. That is why India should focus on enhancing its ties with LAC nations. Though India and LAC countries are similar in many ways and have great affinity, the former’s presence, apart from diaspora, is limited when compared to the Chinese presence in the region. In 2023, India’s trade with

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Maimoona, Rasool. "Impact of Shifting China-U.S Strategic Dynamics on Pakistan's Geopolitical Positioning." Al-Qantara 10, no. 03 (2024): 247–69. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13711501.

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<em>The development of Pakistan’s ties with both China and the United States identify crucial turning points and contextualizing them within emerging global power dynamics. It focuses on U.S. primacy and Chinese growing assertiveness, examining Pakistan’s role in the evolving geostrategic environment. The problem of this research is to understand how the intensifying U.S.-China rivalry influences Pakistan’s economy, security and regional standing, particularly in light of key projects like the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC). The paper try to find to answer the follow

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Skripka, Ivan, and Oiuna Erdynieva. "EURO-ATLANTIC INTEGRATION OF FINLAND AND NORWAY: COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS." Scientific and Analytical Herald of IE RAS 31, no. 1 (2023): 103–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.15211/vestnikieran12023103113.

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The article provides a comparative analysis of the Euro-Atlantic integration carried out by Finland and Norway. The differences and similarities of the integration paths of the two countryes, the historical reasons for their choice, the pros and cons, as well as the immediate prospects for the integration policy in these states are considered. The article touches upon the issues of economic integration, military integration and their impact on relations with the Russian Federation. Finland and Norway are at different stages of integration processes due to historical conditions, as well as gove

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Yildiz, Turkay. "The European Union and Turkey: A Review of Their Commonalities and Disparities Using Cluster Analysis." Business: Theory and Practice 15, no. (1) (2014): 41–57. https://doi.org/10.3846/btp.2014.05.

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Turkey has enjoyed considerable economic growth over the past decade and has a positive economic outlook and strong growth prospects. The country benefits from being located between Europe and the major energy producers in the Middle East in the so-called strategic energy corridor. The issue of Turkey's accession to the EU has long been on the political agenda in Europe. Indeed, Turkey has made considerable efforts to become a full EU member state. However, the accession negotiations for EU membership continue, while Turkey has recently refused to open new accession chapters with the EU and in

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Muhammed Ashique PP, Muhammed Ashique PP, and Farida Siddiqui Farida Siddiqui. "The Economic Evolution of Kerala Muslims: From Pre-Colonial Trade to the Ulema Movement." International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention 14, no. 5 (2025): 153–56. https://doi.org/10.35629/7722-1405153156.

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The economic history of Kerala’s Muslim community reflects a remarkable journey of resilience, adaptation, and transformation across centuries. This study examines their socio-economic trajectory from the pre-colonial era marked by maritime trade dominance to the modern-day Ulema-led movements that revitalized their economic standing. During the pre-colonial period, Kerala Muslims, particularly the Mappilas, emerged as key intermediaries in the Indian Ocean spice trade, fostering robust commercial ties with Arab, Persian, and later European merchants. Their influence extended beyond trade, as

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Slyvka, Tetyana. "German concerns: post-war revival and the role in economic recovery." Ìstorìâ narodnogo gospodarstva ta ekonomìčnoï dumki Ukraïni 2022, no. 55 (2022): 63–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/ingedu2022.55.063.

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The article is concerned with studying of the role of the role of big business in the post-war reconstruction of the German economy after the Second World War. The purpose of the article is to study the role of concerns in the post-war recovery of the German economy to extrapolate this experience in the development and implementation of the reconstruction plan of Ukraine. The main features of the German corporate sector in the post-war years are characterized based on the scientific analysis of historical and economic literature. As a result of the study, the largest concerns in traditional Ge

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Patil, Divyang Hemant. "Trade Wars and Currency Shifts: The Geopolitical Battle for Economic Power." International Journal of Advance and Applied Research 6, no. 25(C) (2025): 52–54. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15321753.

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<strong>Abstract:</strong> Trade wars and currency shifts have become central to global economic power struggles, shaping international trade, financial stability, and geopolitical alignments. Nations leverage trade policies and currency strategies as tools of economic coercion, affecting global supply chains, inflation, and financial markets. This paper explores key trade conflicts, the role of currency manipulation, and the broader geopolitical strategies nations employ to exert economic influence. Historically, trade wars have played a crucial role in global economic shifts. From the Smoot-

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Trémon, Anne-Christine. "Local capitalism and neoliberalization in a Shenzhen former lineage village." Focaal 2015, no. 71 (2015): 71–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/fcl.2015.710107.

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This article examines the process of neoliberalization in the Shenzhen special economic zone in Guangdong Province, China. Building on the case study of a former peasant and almost single-lineage village that has become a part of the city of Shenzhen, I show how neoliberal principles aimed at advancing the transition to capitalism are combined with and countered by other ethical traditions. Owing to the long-standing conception of the lineage as an enterprise, the maintenance of the lineage structure in the transformation of the rural collectives has offered fertile ground for the emergence of

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ВАСИЛЬЕВ, А. В. "FEATURES OF THE CREATION OF TECHNOLOGICAL PRODUCTS AND THE APPLICATION OF THE PRODUCT APPROACH." Экономика и предпринимательство, no. 9(158) (November 18, 2023): 1055–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.34925/eip.2023.158.09.205.

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На сегодняшний день сформировались условия, крайне усложняющие процесс разработки новых технологических продуктов, в частности: жёсткая конкуренция на локальных и международных рынках, нестабильность экономических связей, быстрое изменение запросов потребителей, которые предъявляют новые требования не только к новым технологическим продуктам, но и самим компаниям, вовлеченным в процесс их создания и разработки. Многие российские компании ставили для себя цель - выйти на международные рынки с помощью создания конкурентоспособных технологических продуктов, применяя для этого различные методы их

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Уэйт, Jason Waite, Палей, et al. "Analysis of the business climate in the modern Pakistan." Economics 1, no. 6 (2013): 24–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1947.

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The business climate which the organization faces is investigated, considering possibility of business in modern Pakistan. The study includes risks and opportunities found from both an economic, political, and cultural perspective. Doing business in Pakistan has become a risky endeavour because of environmental factors, which are due to the geopolitical situation around the region. What we have discovered through our SWOT analysis is that Pakistan’s business sector has many threats and opportunities, and the hostility in the region is perhaps the great

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Istomin, I. A. "Why Does Not the U.S. Attack China? The Fog of the Future and Historic Optimism in Policies of Great Powers." Comparative Politics Russia 15, no. 1 (2024): 62–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.46272/2221-3279-2024-1-15-62-94.

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The rise of China constitutes a challenge for the U.S. hegemonic aspirations. However, Washington reacts to it rather belatedly and with restrain. Up until the mid-2020s, the United States did not consider the preventive use of force as a means to deter its competitor. On the contrary, it maintained intensive economic ties with China, contributing to its further strengthening. The article argues that the U.S. policy towards China reflects the optimism within the U.S. leadership regarding the long-term preservation of the foundations of its international standing. In other words, the United Sta

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Vlasov, N. V. "The Contemporary Chinese Policy in Southeast Asia." MGIMO Review of International Relations, no. 3(42) (June 28, 2015): 60–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.24833/2071-8160-2015-3-42-60-67.

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Although the PRC has been gradually turning into a genuinely global power recently, her regional interests particularly in SEA are not shrinking. Developing relations with ASEAN in general and its member states in particular is still among the key priorities of the Chinese foreign policy. This is motivated by the interest to ensure safe and controlled buffer along China's border perimeter - "belt of peace, stability and common prosperity". At present, Chinese standing in SEA is firm. Sino-ASEAN relations are based upon mutual pragmatism. The reason for that to a great extent is a tangible trad

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Kadir, Norizan. "RESOLVING THE CONFLICTS BETWEEN THE PHILIPPINES AND MALAYSIA: MEDIATION ON THE SABAH DISPUTE AND ITS IMPACT ON SOCIO-ECONOMIC COOPERATION (1986-1998)." Journal of International Studies 20, no. 2 (2024): 119–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.32890/jis2024.20.2.5.

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Territorial disputes frequently emerge in the wake of new nationstates asserting their sovereignty and expanding their influence. These claims often hinge on the nebulous grounds of historical entitlement and legal precedent. Sixteen years post-independence from the United States, the Philippines formally staked a claim to Sabah in 1962, a move initiated under President Diosdado Macapagal and escalated by the more assertive policies of President Ferdinand Marcos. The main objective of this article is to explore the degree to which socioeconomic cooperation has played a role in rejuvenating and

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Erşen, Emre. "Turkey and the Eurasian Integration: Ideology or Pragmatism?" Vestnik RUDN. International Relations 22, no. 1 (2022): 111–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2313-0660-2022-22-1-111-125.

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While Eurasianism as a political ideology has made a remarkable comeback to the Russian political scene following the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991, it has also attracted considerable interest among Turkish political and intellectual circles since the early 1990s. Yet, Eurasianism in the Turkish context has acquired different ideological meanings in time. In this regard, it is possible to highlight two main strands of Eurasianism in Turkey: one focusing on the prospects for advanced integration between Turkey and the Turkic republics of the Caucasus and Central Asia, and other concen

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Kravchenko, Artur Georgievich, Aleksei Igorevich Ovchinnikov, Aleksei Yur'evich Mamychev, and Sergei Alekseevich Vorontsov. "Usage of digital technologies in the area of corruption prevention." Административное и муниципальное право, no. 6 (June 2020): 52–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.7256/2454-0595.2020.6.33458.

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The subject of this article is certain anti-corruption trends that utilize digital technologies and can be taken into account in setting the priorities of anti-corruption legal policy of the Russian state. The author examines new opportunities for corruption prevention in the conditions of systematic implementation of information and communication technologies in the area of public administration. The goal of this work is to outline new opportunities for corruption prevention using digital technologies in public administration and various spheres of social life. The scientific novelty lies in

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Alkhraisha, Khaled R. F., and Raafat A. S. Tarawina. "The Saudi-Iranian Rapprochement and Its Reflection on the Arab Region." International Journal of Religion 5, no. 11 (2024): 3844–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.61707/hf6kbe55.

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The protracted geopolitical rivalry between Saudi Arabia and Iran has been one of the major shaping factors in Middle Eastern dynamics for decades. However, signs of a potential improvement in diplomatic and political relationships between the two powers have raised hopes that the regional situation could change. This study will provide a detailed analysis of the ongoing Saudi-Iranian rapprochement and its implications for the Yemeni crisis, the Syrian conflict, the Palestinian cause, economic trade, security cooperation, and diplomatic ties. In examining these critical aspects, the research w

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