Journal articles: 'Standing passengers'

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Peng, Yong, Tuo Xu, Lin Hou, Chaojie Fan, and Wei Zhou. "An Investigation of Dynamic Responses and Head Injuries of Standing Subway Passengers during Collisions." Applied Bionics and Biomechanics 2018 (September 2, 2018): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/1096056.

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With the development of the subway and the pressing demand of environmentally friendly transportation, more and more people travel by subway. In recent decades, the issues about passenger passive safety on the train have received extensive attention. In this research, the head injury of a standing passenger in the subway is investigated. Three MADYMO models of the different standing passenger postures, defined as baseline scenarios, are numerically set up. HIC15values of passengers with different postures are gained by systematic parametric studies. The injury numerical simulation results of various scenarios with different friction coefficients, collision acceleration, standing angle, horizontal handrail height, and ring handrail height are analyzed. Results show that the horizontal handrail provides better protection in the three different standing passenger postures. Different friction coefficients and the standing angle have great impact on the head injuries of passengers in three different scenarios. The handrail height also has some effects on head injury of passengers with different standing postures, so it is necessary to be considered when designing the interior layout of the subway. This study may provide guidance for the safety design of the subway and some advices for standing subway passengers.

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Moraes, Clélia. "Aircraft passenger comfort evaluation: sitting and standing passengers in commercial cabin." E3S Web of Conferences 111 (2019): 01046. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201911101046.

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This research investigates the evaluation of passenger comfort during a cruise airplane trip. The flow fields in the comfort design in commercial aircraft create contour conditions for the diffusers, cabinets and geometry cabin, responsible for providing a healthy environment to the passengers. The objective of this work is to characterize the airflow by measuring the velocity field and the air temperature inside the cabin. Based on the actual data, a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis was performed using the Autodesk programming language for the simulations, in order to obtain information about the possible standards of easy and seated comfort for the passengers. The results of particle dispersion in the cockpit showed great influence of the ventilation system and the location in the aircraft where people generate the particles. Based on these results, the internal layout of the BWB2 airplane, also known as “Flying Wing” was projected. The projected cabin furniture features ventilation in order to attend the passenger’s need in flight. It is noted that the incipient individualization of the passenger’s thermal comfort configures one of the biggest problems faced by the airlines. Consequently, It is a possible differential for competition between airlines.

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Ponkratov, D. "FORMALIZATION OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PUBLIC TRANSIT CROWDING INDICATORS." Municipal economy of cities 3, no. 156 (July 1, 2020): 29–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.33042/2522-1809-2020-3-156-29-34.

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Urban public transport ensures a high level of service for its users. Despite the challenges of comprehensiveness of the measurement of the level of transport service, the one of the most important unit assessment is in-vehicle crowding level. Excessive crowding level of the vehicle compartment causes passengers feeling uncomfortable during trip. Consequently, the crowding level is a factor, should be rationing. Assessment of in-vehicle crowding level observing using different indicators which have variation in units of measurement, descriptive properties, circumstances of apply, etc. Simultaneously, it makes it harder to assess and compare conditions of public transit according to occupancy rate, via dissimilar measures of its value, as well during the observation, as well as the address the challenges of urban public transport organization. In view of the above-mentioned, formalization of the relationship between the crowding indicators in urban public transport is a pressing task that needs to be addressed. The research presents the relationship between these in-vehicle crowding level: the passengers density per sq. m of the vehicle’s floor intended for standing passengers (passenger density) The floor area of the vehicle intended for single standing passengers; load factor which is defined as the ratio of the number of passengers in the cabin of the vehicle to its capacity; load factor is defined as the ratio of the number of passengers in the cabin of the vehicle to the number of seats. The relationship between considering indicators of occupancy rates of vehicles have been established. Its value is entirely determined via dependencies of the ratio of seats in the passenger capacity of vehicles and the passenger density at which its was found. Further research is focused on the application of the proposed dependencies in solving the problems of rationing the public transit crowding level and assessing the influence of the occupancy rate on the passenger’s route choice decisions. Keywords: public transit, passenger transportation, vehicle capacity, in-vehicle crowding level, load factor.

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Wu, Qi Bing, Feng Chen, Ji Ping Fang, Ou Yang Liu, Chang Liu, and Qing Sheng Zhai. "Investigation and Study of the Law of Passenger Distribution in One Carriage of Subway in Beijing." Applied Mechanics and Materials 361-363 (August 2013): 2083–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.361-363.2083.

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The characteristics of passengers standing-position choice and the factors that have effects on passenger distribution are analyzed. According to the investigation results, the disproportion of passenger distribution in one subway carriage is confirmed. The curves about the standing passenger density (from 0-6p/m2) and the passenger number that use different facilities on Line 4 and Line 13 of Beijing Subway are fitted by means of the linear regression theory. Then, the equations of the curves are able to predict the passenger distribution under the situations of different standing passenger densities. After comparing the predicted values with the investigated values, the feasibility of the model is validated accordingly.

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Hartantyo, Sugeng Dwi, and Hammam Rofiqi Agustapraja. "ANALISA KINERJA KA KOMUTER SURABAYA – LAMONGAN." UKaRsT 2, no. 2 (November 15, 2018): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.30737/ukarst.v2i2.268.

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The operation of commuter trains is preferred for the middle to lower class. But in fact the prospective commuter train passenger complains of comfort in this case relating to the number of seats and standing places available. The discussion in this final project is to analyze the comfort of the seats and stands that have been set, to analyze the capacity of operational vehicle KA commuter Surabaya-Lamongan, to answer the problem then conducted research on KA commuter and related institution. from the result of analysis got value of seat comfrot (r) = 0,4 m2 / space and standing comfrot value (σ) = 0,87mm2 / space the total capacity of one set of KA commuter (Cv) trains is 312 passengers while, the total seating capacity for a series of KA commuter is 248 passengers. Average load facor (lf) is 0,51.Keywords: Commuter Train, Performance, capacity, comfort level

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Herrera, I., H. Su, and Stefan Kaczmarczyk. "Investigation into the Damping and Stiffness Characteristics of an Elevator Car System." Applied Mechanics and Materials 24-25 (June 2010): 77–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.24-25.77.

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Modelling the dynamic performance of an elevator car system represents a complex task and forms an important step in the elevator system design procedure. The need to consider the behaviour of passengers travelling in the car complicates the procedure further. This paper presents an original approach to identify the stiffness and damping characteristics of an elevator car system. A simplified model is developed and the experimental rig with a rectangular elevator platform fixed on the top of four silent blocks attached to a shaker is setup. The transmissibility measurements are carried out with a harmonic excitation applied first to a platform with no passenger load and then to the platform with one passenger within the frequency range of 1 – 20 Hz. A single person standing on the platform is employed in order to assess the passenger’s contribution to the dynamic behaviour of the elevator car system. The curve fitting technique implemented in MATLAB is used to determine the damping and stiffness coefficients both for the empty car system and the car-passenger system. Investigation on the tolerances for both parameters is carried out. An approach to simplify the experimental procedure and to reduce the number of individual tests is proposed.

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Nasution, Zainal Fikri, Isnaini Isnaini, and Sri Hidayani. "Perlindungan Hukum terhadap Pengguna Jasa Angkutan Umum pada Dinas Perhubungan Kota Medan." Jurnal Ilmiah Penegakan Hukum 4, no. 1 (January 13, 2019): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.31289/jiph.v4i1.1948.

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<h1><em>Legal Protection on The Users of Public Transport Services in Medan City Transportation Office</em></h1><h1>Abstract</h1><h1>Legal protection is any effort that guarantees legal certainty to provide protection to passengers or consumers who use the services of business people to protect them from things they do not want. Public Transportation is one of the transportation media used by the community together by paying tariffs. The purpose of this study was to determine the legal standing of public transport passengers and their protection in accordance with Law No.22 of 2009 concerning Road Traffic and transportation. The type of writing in this study is Normative, namely a process to find a rule of law, legal principles, and legal doctrines in order to answer the legal issues at hand. Public Transport Companies are responsible for losses caused by all actions of people employed in the activities of transport operations. In addition, the Public Transport Company is responsible for losses suffered by Passengers who have died or injuries due to transportation operations, unless caused by an incident that cannot be prevented due to passenger error.</h1><pre> </pre>

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Doine, Renon, Takanori Sakamaki, Hiroaki Seta, Masamitsu Ito, Akihiko Homma, and Yasuhiro Fukui. "Analysis of the Standing Postural Motion of Passengers against Ship Motion." Journal of Life Support Engineering 27, no. 2 (2015): 45–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.5136/lifesupport.27.45.

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Schubert, Patric, Magnus Liebherr, Stephanie Kersten, and Christian T. Haas. "Biomechanical demand analysis of older passengers in a standing position during bus transport." Journal of Transport & Health 4 (March 2017): 226–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jth.2016.12.002.

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Maternini, Giulio, and Margherita Cadei. "A comfort scale for standing bus passengers in relation to certain road characteristics." Transportation Letters 6, no. 3 (April 11, 2014): 136–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/1942787514y.0000000020.

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Chen, Feng, Jiping Fang, and Qibing Wu. "Study of Standing Passenger Density in Subway Cars Based on Passengers’ Spatial Comfort: Case Study of Beijing Subway Line 4." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2540, no. 1 (January 2016): 84–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/2540-10.

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Robert, Thomas, Philippe Beillas, Alain Maupas, and Jean-Pierre Verriest. "Conditions of possible head impacts for standing passengers in public transportation: an experimental study." International Journal of Crashworthiness 12, no. 3 (September 25, 2007): 319–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13588260701433552.

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Le, Victor C., Monica L. H. Jones, and Kathleen H. Sienko. "Post-Drive Standing Balance of Vehicle Passengers Using Wearable Sensors: The Effect of On-Road Driving and Task Performance." Sensors 21, no. 15 (July 23, 2021): 4997. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21154997.

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Postural sway has been demonstrated to increase following exposure to different types of motion. However, limited prior studies have investigated the relationship between exposure to normative on-road driving conditions and standing balance following the exposure. The purpose of this on-road study was to quantify the effect of vehicle motion and task performance on passengers’ post-drive standing balance performance. In this study, trunk-based kinematic data were captured while participants performed a series of balance exercises before and after an on-road driving session in real-time traffic. Postural sway for all balance exercises increased following the driving session. Performing a series of ecologically relevant visual-based tasks led to increases in most post-drive balance metrics such as sway position and velocity. However, the post-drive changes following the driving session with a task were not significantly different compared to changes observed following the driving session without a task. The post-drive standing balance performance changes observed in this study may increase vulnerable users’ risk of falling. Wearable sensors offer an opportunity to monitor postural sway following in-vehicle exposures.

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Castillo-Manzano, José I., Mercedes Castro-Nuño, and Lourdes López-Valpuesta. "“When Las Vegas takes to the sea." Tourism Economics 24, no. 1 (May 8, 2017): 135–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1354816617706867.

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The past decade’s trend toward super-sized cruise ships has enriched the experience for cruise passengers. Unlike a small number of mega cruises that have chosen to press on in a luxury–classic style, the vast majority are rapidly converging on a Las Vegas resorts-style tourism model. Aside from the traditional factor that Las Vegas and cruises have in common, that is, the casino, this article analyzes other aspects of this increasingly mimetic relationship, with the following standing out: the greater importance given to entertainment; the greater variety and quality of Food and Beverage (F&B) and shopping choices; an informal dress code; a complex, dynamic management as to both prices and extracting monopoly rents from passengers; the expansion of both models outside their original locations, Las Vegas and the Caribbean; and, lastly, in response to previous trends, an oligopoly market.

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Hasnan, K., Q. Bakhsh, A. Ahmed, D. Ali, and A. R. Jamali. "Analysis of WBV on standing and seated passengers during off-peak operation in KL monorail." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 324 (March 2018): 012003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/324/1/012003.

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Meng, Qi, Peng Luo, Yan Ru Li, and Jian Chun Guo. "The Influence of Users' Behavioral Characteristics on Soundscape in the Waiting Halls of Railway Stations." Advanced Materials Research 518-523 (May 2012): 3830–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.518-523.3830.

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It has been demonstrated in previous studies that the evaluation of soundscape was influenced by not only social characteristics but also some behavioral characteristics of persons. In this study, more than 600 questionnaire survey has been undertaken at waiting halls of 4 railway stations in capital cities of China, to determine how the users’ behavioral characteristics influence their evaluation of soundscape. The results show that the relationships between evaluation of acoustics and passengers’ waiting time, rest or partners is not significant (p>0.1), but visiting times (p<0.01). The evaluation of subjective loudness is the highest, when waiting time at 1.5 to 2 hours, while evaluation of subjective loudness is general lower at other time. The evaluation of acoustic comfort is more different between sitting and standing, when waiting time at 0.5 to 1 hour. The passengers with no partner will give general higher acoustic comfort at first (<0.5 hours), but give lower acoustic comfort at following time.

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Liu, Ming, Bao Gang Zhang, Liu Wen, and Zhong Zhi Huang. "Simulation and Comparative Analysis on Environmental Control in Subway." Applied Mechanics and Materials 209-211 (October 2012): 1068–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.209-211.1068.

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To ensure passengers can have a comfortable thermal environment in the subway waiting room is one of the main targets in subway environment control. By using the CFD software, this paper takes an island platform with double-layer of Shenyang as the object to simulate the thermal environment of platform screen door and ventilation in the open system, then detailed analysis on the variation of the temperature field, airflow velocity field in the typical position. The results indicated that average temperature of no-PSD system platform is 2.5 ~3 °C higher than that of PSD system, standing room is 1.5 °C higher than that of PSD system , but these also meet the requirement of the standards of the environmental control and passengers’ thermal comfort. Meanwhile, through the comparative analysis to the energy consumption of the two systems, we find ventilating condition has superior to PSD system in energy saving, and it is more suitable for the local climate in the northeast.

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Beurier, Georges. "Analysis of the Discomfort Feeling of Standing Bus Passengers on the TEOR T1 Rouen Bus Lane." Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 48 (2012): 425–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2012.06.1022.

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Le, V. C., M. L. H. Jones, C. Kinnaird, V. J. Barone, T. Bao, and K. H. Sienko. "Standing balance of vehicle passengers: The effect of vehicle motion, task performance on post-drive balance." Gait & Posture 82 (October 2020): 189–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gaitpost.2020.08.123.

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SAITO, Ayano, and Hiroaki SUZUKI. "A questionnaire survey on the usage and rating of the facilities that support standing passengers in commuter trains." Japanese journal of ergonomics 39, no. 6 (2003): 308–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.5100/jje.39.308.

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Silvano, Ary P., and Maria Ohlin. "Non-collision incidents on buses due to acceleration and braking manoeuvres leading to falling events among standing passengers." Journal of Transport & Health 14 (September 2019): 100560. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jth.2019.04.006.

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Arabian, Ali, Sadegh Masjoodi, Bahador Makkiabadi, Ehsan Ghafari, Ebrahim Torabi Nassaj, and Seyed Abolfazl Zakerian. "Determination of critical time points in non-collision incidents of elderly passengers in standing position on urban bus." Traffic Injury Prevention 21, no. 2 (February 17, 2020): 151–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15389588.2020.1723793.

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Klöppel, Manfred, Felix Römer, Michael Wittmann, Bijan Hatam, Thomas Herrmann, Lee Sim, Jun Lim, et al. "Scube—Concept and Implementation of a Self-balancing, Autonomous Mobility Device for Personal Transport." World Electric Vehicle Journal 9, no. 4 (December 5, 2018): 48. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/wevj9040048.

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Public transportation (PT) systems suffer from disutility compared to private transportation due to the inability to provide passengers with a door-to-door service, referred to as the first/last mile problem. Personal mobility devices (PMDs) are thought to improve PT service quality by closing this first/last mile gap. However, current PMDs are generally driven manually by the rider and require a learning phase for safe vehicle operation. Additionally, most PMDs require a standing riding position and are not easily accessible to elderly people or persons with disabilities. In this paper, the concept of an autonomously operating mobility device is introduced. The visionary concept is designed as an on-demand transportation service which transports people for short to medium distances and increases the accessibility to public transport. The device is envisioned to be operated as a larger fleet and does not belong to an individual person. The vehicle features an electric powertrain and a one-axle self-balancing design with a small footprint. It provides one seat for a passenger and a tilt mechanism that is designed to improve the ride comfort and safety at horizontal curves. An affordable 3D-camera system is used for autonomous localization and navigation. For the evaluation and demonstration of the concept, a functional prototype is implemented.

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Lucanin, Vojkan J., Mirjana A. Puharic, Dragan D. Milkovic, Snezana D. Golubovic, and Suzana Lj Linic. "Determining the influence of an air wave caused by a passing train on the passengers standing at the platform." International Journal of Heavy Vehicle Systems 19, no. 3 (2012): 299. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijhvs.2012.047918.

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Apryshkin, A. S., and G. S. Khazanovich. "Determination of capacity and comfort indicators of a passenger elevator." SAFETY OF TECHNOGENIC AND NATURAL SYSTEMS, no. 1 (2021): 38–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.23947/2541-9129-2021-1-38-50.

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Introduction. Elevators are mass weight-handling units used by millions of residents of multi-storey buildings. Safety of elevator units and comfort of their use are determined not only by the correct choice of their design and parameters, but first of all, by the organization of the maintenance system. Each elevator is an individual unit that serves a residential building with a specific number of passengers, number of floors and other features. However, regulatory documents recommend standard maintenance plans. There is the need to establish the relationship between the loading modes of the main components and the optimal scheme of technical and repair works. The present work is devoted to the solution of this problem, along with the study of transport comfort. Problem Statement. The operation of the elevator in a residential building with a number of floors N occurs in separate cycles. Standing, lift call, and destination floors are random variables for which probabilistic characteristics must be reliably established. In general, the elevator operation mode includes three stages: calling to the passenger boarding level, moving with passengers to the destination level, and waiting for the next cycle. There are stops inside the movement stages. The specific problem of mathematical description of the random process of implementing the operating characteristics of the main drive of the elevator is reduced to two directions: 1) the development of mathematical models for the formation of the main indicators of the main elevator drive load during the cycle (net machine time τmi and the number of switches n)i; 2) the study of the relationship between passenger traffic, building residential density and cycle duration. Theoretical Part. To meet these objectives the authors have performed the studies of the following main processes characterizing the functioning of the lift, the level of capacity of the transport drive and comfort: the development of mathematical models of formation of indicators of the elevator drive load; the establishment of the relationship of traffic flow, residential density and the duration of the cycle; development of methodology for calculation of the number of flights went by the elevator in different modes; development of methods of calculating the transport comfort indicator; justification of the structure of the algorithm for modeling the operating modes of the elevator. Conclusion. The paper provides the results, which complement the theoretical provisions for determining the capacity and transport comfort of elevators.

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Ohashi, Kazuo, Masayuki MIYAMOTO, Hiroaki KURO, and Masaki SUZUKI. "Study on the Relation between the Longitudinal Shock of Railway Vehicle and the changes in attitude of the Standing Passengers." Proceedings of the Transportation and Logistics Conference 2002.11 (2002): 347–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmetld.2002.11.347.

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Knaggs, Alison, Tans Sonecha, Vasileios Zervas, Michael Jenkins, John Wolfe, and Konstantinos Delis. "Lower limb venous haemodynamic impairment on dependency: quantification and implications for the “economy class” position." Thrombosis and Haemostasis 91, no. 05 (2004): 941–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1160/th03-12-0754.

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SummaryThe role of stasis in venous disease is undisputed, yet surprisingly, its haemodynamic quantitation remains largely undefined. We investigated the phenomenon of venous stasis in the lower limb upon sitting and standing and project its implications to economy class aircraft passengers. 26 normal limbs, 13 subjects, age 29-54, selected after duplex, plethysmography and ABPI, had peak[Vpeak], mean[Vmean] and minimum[Vmin] velocities, volumeflow[Qvenous], pulsatility index [PIvenous] and diameter obtained on horizontal, sitting (as in economy aircraft seats) and standing with duplex, at popliteal, femoral[FV] and common femoral[CFV]veins [differences in median %]. Vpeak, Vmean and Qvenous decreased from horizontal to sitting in the CFV [57%, 71%, 31%, respectively], FV [51%, 70%, 34%] and popliteal [31%, 58%, 42%] (all, p<.001). Vpeak, Vmean and Qvenous decreased further from sitting to standing in the CFV [26%, 44%, 25%, respectively], FV [21%, 42%, 27%] and popliteal [14%, 42%, 20%] (all, p <.001). Diameter, Vmin and PIvenous increased from horizontal to sitting in the CFV [50%, 63%, 38%, respectively], FV [39%, 23%, 66%] and popliteal [21%, 14%, 84%] (all, p <.001)]. Diameter, Vmin and PIvenous increased further from sitting to standing in CFV [10%, 22%, 19%, respectively; p ≤.004], FV [12%, 68%, 2%[ns]; p <.001)] and popliteal [14%, 50%, 24%; p ≤.017]. In all postures: Vpeak, Vmean, Qvenous and diameter at CFV exceeded FV (p <.025) and popliteal (p <.001) ones; also those at FV exceeded the popliteal ones (p ≤.003), except for the diameter on horizontal. Vmin in popliteal was higher than in CFV (p ≤.003) or FV (p <.025), on horizontal and standing. PIvenous in CFV was lower than in FV or popliteal (p <.025) on sitting. Right to left differences nonsignificant. [Wilcoxon+Bonferroni test: significance at p <.025] A shift from horizontal to sitting generates a most significant attenuation in Qvenous, Vpeak and Vmean linked to a reciprocal increase in Vmin, PIvenous and vein diameter, with further exacerbation on standing. Vpeak, Vmean and Qvenous decline with distance from groin enhancing venous stasis in the periphery. By restricting activation of the natural venous pumps, sitting cramped during long flights may protract the status of haemodynamic stagnation sustained on dependency which paired with marked venous dilatation generates a milieu that may promote thrombogenesis.

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Evallyo, Violetta D. "Screen environment in the Moscow subway (metro)." Vestnik slavianskikh kul’tur [Bulletin of Slavic Cultures] 60 (2021): 8–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.37816/2073-9567-2021-60-8-20.

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The Moscow underground (Metro) today is showing active development: new series of trains appear; stations are being built. Apart from material-plastic medium, the screen, virtual reality also emerges. It plays the key role in establishing a new metro mythology. This paper attempts to trace new perspectives of the underground’s virtual life and the points of their interfacing with the objective, material environment. One can loosely specify three types of screen media in the Moscow Metro: information panels (located above the doors in cars), interactive structures (Info-SOS at stations and screens with sockets in “head” and “tail” parts of modern trains), “television” screens” (In the lobby and built-in between car`s door and window, where the Moscow metro lines were traditionally located, and small screens at the eye level of standing passengers). They have different semantic content and types of communication with passengers. There are a number of evident trends in providing video sequence on screens of the Moscow metro in the second half of 2019. The headings broadcast on the screens went sequentially, from more socially significant subjects to quizzes and announcements. The alternation of short stories gave the impression that it took less time to travel. The entire block of on-screen information worked on the effect of “accelerating” time, creating the illusion of greater rapidity of the subway. The Moscow metro today is not so much about the architectural environment but rather a virtual communicative one, which, in addition to entertaining, calming, distracting from problems and uplifting, also represents a function of animating the metro, informing it with a temperament and intonation component. In the process of immersion in a simulated media of the Moscow metro, one finds out that it turns to be a virtual organism with a complex system of “organs”, its own nervous system and its own needs. The first and foremost of which is to preserve, strengthen the love of their passengers, perhaps even make them addicted to the metro environment and inspire them for continuous improvement and modernization of the world.

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Ohashi, Kazuo, Masayuki MIYAMOTO, Mikio ICHIKAWA, and Tetsuo OTSUBO. "3207 Study on the Relation between the Longitudinal Shock of Railway Vehicle and the changes in attitude of the Standing Passengers." Proceedings of the Transportation and Logistics Conference 2001.10 (2001): 211–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmetld.2001.10.211.

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Mulay, Revati V., Anand Gangwal, Ashok K. Shyam, and Parag K. Sancheti. "Prevalence and risk factors for work related musculoskeletal disorders in flight attendants." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 6, no. 6 (May 27, 2019): 2456. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20192304.

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Background: Flight attendants are the cabin crew members working in different commercial airlines. Their main job is to ensure safety and comfort of all the passengers. They are exposed to certain ergonomic stressors like long standing, irregular working hours and working in confined spaces and thus are likely to experience work related musculoskeletal disorders. The purpose of this study was to find out the prevalence and risk factors for work related musculoskeletal disorders in flight attendants.Methods: A survey-based study was performed. Self-made questionnaire was used and was validated by 3 experts in the Physiotherapy field. Workplace stress scale was also used to determine the level of mental stress that they experience. Informed consent was taken by each flight attendant participating in the study. Questionnaire was given to flight attendants working for different airlines like Spice Jet, Air India and Jet Airways. Hard copy of the questionnaire and online forms of the questionnaire were used to complete the data collection.Results: A total of 82% flight attendants reported to have work related pain in one or more body regions. Pain was commonly reported in feet and ankle, lower back and neck. Common risk factors were lack of rest breaks, prolonged standing/long working hours, wearing heels and mental stress.Conclusions: Thus, the study shows high prevalence of work-related musculoskeletal disorders in flight attendants.

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Sivanantham, N., A. Dinakaran, and M. Sujith. "Arduino Based Footboard Accident Prevention System for Electric Locomotives." Advances in Science and Technology 105 (April 2021): 172–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ast.105.172.

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Railway transportation is one of the largest transportation networks in India, which conveys 23 million of commuters everyday mainly due to low cost of payment and nonexistence of any traffic difficulties. Even though there are locomotives with automatic doors, the negligence of both drivers and passengers often results in tragedy. Footboard accidents are occurred frequently due to lack of awareness, non- availability of trains often and sometimes unforeseen reasons by nature. In the proposed system, an arduino based accident prevention module is developed which detects and alert the person standing near footboards of the locomotives. It is spotted by the ultrasonic sensor that transmits and receives signals and there by communicate it to the loco pilot. The power for the proposed system is taken from the locomotive and it is controlled by the android based smart phones with the special app inbuilt in the system.

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Steel, Frances. "Anglo-worlds in transit: connections and frictions across the Pacific." Journal of Global History 11, no. 2 (June 3, 2016): 251–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1740022816000085.

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AbstractThe emerging cultures of late nineteenth-century steamship mobility can be distinguished broadly by ocean basin and by specific route. In the Pacific, a steamship connection between Sydney and San Francisco was envisaged to forge and sustain strong bonds between regional ‘branches’ of the Anglo-Saxon race. This article moves beyond the rhetorical purchase of assumed affinities, to explore the more layered ways in which difference was articulated in transpacific encounters, and the attendant uncertainties and frictions in these evolving relations. When compared to routes bridging the Indian and Atlantic Oceans, with familiar imperial hierarchies and formalities behind them, British and colonial travellers in the Pacific were frequently unsettled by the more democratic and republican attitudes of the American crews and passengers they encountered. At the same time, Britain’s long-standing supremacy on the high seas provided a benchmark against which American enterprise and power in the Pacific could be assessed and found wanting.

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de Voogt, Alexander J., Caio Hummel Hohl, and Hilary Kalagher. "Fatality and Operational Specificity of Helicopter Accidents on the Ground." Aerospace Medicine and Human Performance 92, no. 7 (July 1, 2021): 593–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.3357/amhp.5801.2021.

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INTRODUCTION: Accidents with aircraft standing are more likely with helicopters than fixed-wing aircraft due to the common presence of off-airport landings and the possibility of the rotor system to strike objects in its immediate surroundings.METHODS: A total of 115 accidents involving helicopters characterized as standing as a broad phase of flight were selected from the NTSB online database for the period 1998 until 2018.RESULTS: Accidents reporting fatal (8.7) or serious injuries (7.8) were significantly less likely to occur when the aircraft was substantially damaged (84.3) or destroyed (5.2). The majority of the cases occurred after off-airport landings (57.4), which were reported significantly more often in Alaska (N= 15). A main rotor strike with an individual was at the basis of each of the 10 fatal accidents in the dataset and in 8 of these cases the cause of the accident was attributed to the victim. None of the accidents occurred in instrument meteorological conditions, but, in particular, high winds and gusts proved a main cause of accident (18.3).CONCLUSION: Pilot, passengers, and crew endangered themselves when they were outside the aircraft while the rotors were still turning. Helicopter operating manuals should highlight the limitations and dangers for wind and wind gusts not only during takeoff and flight, but specifically when standing.de Voogt AJ, Hummel C, Kalagher H. Fatality and operational specificity of helicopter accidents on the ground. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2021; 92(7):593596.

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Brinkmann, Tobias. "Why Paul Nathan Attacked Albert Ballin: The Transatlantic Mass Migration and the Privatization of Prussia's Eastern Border Inspection, 1886–1914." Central European History 43, no. 1 (March 2010): 47–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008938909991336.

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Albert Ballin was one of Imperial Germany's most successful business leaders. He early recognized the impact and possibilities of the expansion and integration of global markets. Within little more than a decade after he had joined the management of the Hamburg-Amerikanische-Paketfahrt-Aktien-Gesellschaft (HAPAG) in 1886, he turned an already significant enterprise into the world's largest steamship line. As a leading manager and later as HAPAG director general, Ballin was a major force behind Hamburg's rise to Imperial Germany's second largest city. Due in no small part to HAPAG's spectacular growth, Hamburg emerged as a key global port for passengers and freight by the turn of the century. But Ballin was not just a gifted business leader in a highly innovative economic sector; he also had access to some of the highest figures in Berlin. Ballin repeatedly met with the Kaiser and government members, and he used his long-standing contacts in England on several diplomatic missions to ease rising tensions between the two powers, albeit without lasting success.

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Shkrabak, Roman Vladimirovich. "Prevention of injuries in concurrent collision of vehicles in AIC technological pro-cesses." Agrarian Scientific Journal, no. 7 (August 5, 2021): 104–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.28983/asj.y2021i7pp104-108.

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The results of research on the prevention of road accidents when carrying out cargo transportation of agro-industrial products as a result of collisions of vehicles moving in the same direction or hitting a standing vehicle or an obstacle are given. It is noted that this situation occurs due to the density of traffic on general roads, as well as on field and country roads characteristic of agricultural production for reasons of low adhesion coefficient in rainy weather, snowfall, ice. In such conditions, a vehicle moving in a stream behind the leader (especially low-clearance ones, such as cars) collides with the rear of the upcoming high-sized transport. The consequences of these collisions are the destruction of the front of the transport moving behind the leader and the injury to the driver and passengers (especially those sitting in the front seat). In order to avoid such situations, an innovative solution is proposed that automatically eliminates the possibility of injury and damage to the rear of the leader and the front of the vehicle colliding with him moving behind the leader.

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V, Sujatha, and E. A. Mary Anitha. "E-Carnet Resumption and Repository System for Bus Line Commuters." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 9, no. 2 (February 1, 2018): 262. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v9.i2.pp262-264.

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<span lang="EN-US">E-Carnet Resumption and Repository System for Bus Line Commuters is an ongoing venture which is very useful for the passengers. Resumption can be done using any two id proof and using credit card for paying money. This online bus pass Resumption application will help people to save their time and repository the bus passes without standing in a line for hours near counters. At first individuals need to enlist with the application by submitting points of interest of photograph, address proof, any two id verification and required subtle elements and submit through on the web. The application will verify the details and if all proves are verified then followed by transaction will be held. After that the pass will automatically generating and send it through mail. You can even repository using credit card or wire transfer methods. This system can be used in bus transport undertaking services. Using the system in government and private sectors can exclude the use of human efforts and saves lot of money and time. This system also used to finding the route for Different places. The route information updates admin control so user trusts the valid paths. User locations are tracking using GPS tracker.</span>

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Ibrahim Hasanli, Farida. "COOPERATION OF STATES AGAINST VIOLATION OF THE LEGAL REGIME BASED ON THE PRINCIPLE OF FREEDOM OF THE HIGH SEAS." SCIENTIFIC WORK 66, no. 05 (May 20, 2021): 199–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.36719/2663-4619/66/199-201.

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In general, the water basin - the sea, the ocean is the most important for the world. As it is known, without the seas, the realization of interstate relations of the oceans, especially international trade, is impossible. Maritime rights are invaluable not only for shipping and maritime countries, but also for all states engaged in international trade. Because international shipping is responsible for 90% of world trade and carries more than 7 billion tons of cargo every year for about 4 million miles. The seabed and ocean floor are not included in the concept of open sea due to their special legal status. No state can subjugate any part of the high seas to its sovereignty. Customary international law has long recognized the affirmative obligation of mariners to render assistance to persons in distress at sea to the extent they can do so without serious danger to their ship, crew, or passengers. This long-standing custom is codified in a number of international treaties adopted under the auspices of the IMO, as well as the 1958 Geneva Convention on the High Seas14 and the 1982 UNCLOS. Key words: high seas, cooperation of states, violation of the legal regime, military ships, international acts, United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea,

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Made Widnyani, Gusti Ayu. "EKSISTENSI AREA IMIGRASI PADA TEMPAT PEMERIKSAAN IMIGRASI DI INDONESIA." Jurnal Magister Hukum Udayana (Udayana Master Law Journal) 5, no. 1 (May 31, 2016): 101. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/jmhu.2016.v05.i01.p10.

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Area Immigration is an area that is in every Immigration Check Point (TPI) in which the functions of immigration especially related to the people’s traffic inspection which coming in and out of a country and there are a restricted and a sterile area that can only be traversed by parties concerned like the passengers or crew whom will exit or entry Indonesian territory or official and authorized personnel. Arrangements regarding to the area of ??immigration set in Part Five, Article 22 paragraph (1) of Immigration Law determined that: In every Immigration Checkpoints assigned a specific area to immigration inspection is the area of ??immigration. The existence of the immigration area reflects the immigration service quality standards in a country. As an international area marked by yellow line (yellow line), the area of ??immigration has a position that is as important as the sovereignty of a country. Normatively, immigration area which available in each Immigration Check Point is the place and area that was authorized by the Ministry and has a legal status (legal standing) and legitimate in law. So that the existence of the immigration area is a representation of authority and sovereignty. But immigration area is less effective because of the legal instruments governing inadequate and also people have not been aware of law so that there are many violations happens in the immigration area.

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KANEDA, Tetsuo, Mitsuaki ODA, Toshinori Kimura, and Makoto Taguchi. "Study on Vibration of Railway Vehicle with Passenger : Part2 Standing Passenger." Proceedings of Conference of Kansai Branch 2002.77 (2002): _15–65_—_15–66_. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmekansai.2002.77._15-65_.

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Spirk, Stanislav. "The Simulation of Collision of Standing Passenger with Rigid and Deformable Floor." Applied Mechanics and Materials 827 (February 2016): 379–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.827.379.

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The collision of standing passenger with floor is solved during rail vehicle emergency braking. The fall is serious type of passenger accident. For this purpose the model of rail vehicles interiors floor is created. The simulated behavior of passenger impact can predict useful information for experimental validation of floor properties.

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SHIBUE, Tadashi, and Takashi HAYAMI. "513 Motion simulations of a standing passenger at collision." Proceedings of the JSME annual meeting 2006.5 (2006): 81–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmemecjo.2006.5.0_81.

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Tyrell, David, and A. Benjamin Perlman. "Evaluation of Rail Passenger Equipment Crashworthiness Strategies." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1825, no. 1 (January 2003): 8–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1825-02.

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Comparisons are made of the effectiveness of competing crashworthiness strategies—crash energy management (CEM) and conventional passenger train design. CEM is a strategy for providing rail equipment crashworthiness that uses crush zones at the ends of cars. These zones are designed to collapse in a controlled way during a collision, distributing the crush among the train cars. This technique preserves the occupied spaces in the train and limits the decelerations of the occupant volumes. Two scenarios are used to evaluate the effectiveness of the crashworthiness strategies—( a) a train-to-train collision of a cab-car–led passenger train with a standing locomotive–led passenger train and ( b) a grade-crossing collision of a cab-car-led passenger train with a standing highway vehicle. The maximum speed for which all the occupants are expected to survive and the predicted increase in fatalities and injuries with increasing collision speed are determined for both train designs. Crash energy management is shown to significantly increase the maximum speed at which all the occupants could survive for both grade crossing and train-to-train collisions for cab-car–led trains, at the expense of modestly increasing the speeds at which occupants impact the interior in train-to-train collisions.

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KIKUTA, Masahito, Takayuki TOHTAKE, Hidehisa YOSHIDA, and Masao NAGAI. "2209 Study on Coupled Passenger-Carbody Vibration : Comparison of Standing and Seated Postures." Proceedings of the Transportation and Logistics Conference 2005.14 (2005): 147–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmetld.2005.14.147.

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SHIBUE, Tadashi, Takashi HAYAMI, Toru SAWAI, Mitsushi OHMASA, and Takayasu HIROKAWA. "J1201-1-3 A fall behavior simulation of a standing passenger in a train." Proceedings of the JSME annual meeting 2010.7 (2010): 321–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmemecjo.2010.7.0_321.

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Jordan, S. C., M. Sterling, and C. J. Baker. "Modelling the response of a standing person to the slipstream generated by a passenger train." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part F: Journal of Rail and Rapid Transit 223, no. 6 (June 26, 2009): 567–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/09544097jrrt281.

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This article develops two relatively simple models that are combined in order to model the response of a standing person to a passing train. The first model combines potential flow theory, boundary layer theory, and autoregressive modelling in order to simulate the slipstream of a passenger train. The second moment simulates the response of a person to the wind velocities generated in the slipstream model. For the first 0.375 s the person is assumed to respond as a solid object, whereas after this time a spring—mass—damper system is used to represent the response of a person. A Monte Carlo analysis is used in order to establish the probability of a person becoming destabilized as a result of increasing train speed. Finally, a parametric analysis is undertaken and illustrates that the output of the models that represent the response of a person is sensitive to the parameter values chosen.

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Yan, Shengyu, Jibiao Zhou, and Zhuanzhuan Zhao. "Expression and Validation of Online Bus Headways considering Passenger Crowding." Journal of Advanced Transportation 2021 (September 6, 2021): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/4738177.

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Passenger crowding in a city bus is uneven and the most crowded area always appears in the wheelbase of the carriage. The present study aimed to provide a sensitive indicator of the most crowded area to schedule bus headways online using a binocular camera sensor. The algorithm of standee density in the wheelbase area (SDWA) was given by a nonlinear regression model considering standees’ preferences for the standing area, and its goodness of fit and continuity were tested. Considering the characteristics of city bus operation, the proportion of the number of interstops determined from the SDWA was used as a judgment index for passenger crowding. Based on the SDWA algorithm and the judgment index, an online headway model of city buses was proposed, and the feasibility of such a model was verified through a case study in Xi’an city. The proposed model might be beneficial to bus scheduling, seating provision, and bus design.

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SHIBUE, Tadashi, Izumi MURAMATO, Takashi HAYAMI, Toru SAWAI, Mitsushi OHMASA, and Takayasu HIROKAWA. "J0205-1-2 A fall behavior simulation of a standing passenger in a train at collision." Proceedings of the JSME annual meeting 2009.6 (2009): 221–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmemecjo.2009.6.0_221.

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Dasuki, Norhafizah, Fairuz I. Romli, and Mohammad Yazdi Harmin. "Generation of design alternatives of vertical passenger seat for standing cabin concept in commercial transport aircraft." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 405 (September 26, 2018): 012009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/405/1/012009.

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Veljković, Zorica, Aleksandar Brkić, Vesna Spasojevic Brkić, Milivoj Klarin, Ahmed Essdai, and Sanja Stanisavljev. "Differences between the Anthropometric Measurements of Serbian and Libyan Male Passenger Car Drivers." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2020 (August 17, 2020): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/9167589.

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The collection and analysis of anthropometric characteristics for various passenger car user populations is a very important predecessor of the design process. The first aim of this survey is to collect up-to-date anthropometric data for male passenger car drivers in Serbia and to collect those data for the first time in Libya. The second aim of this survey is to compare the collected data and enable further modeling using both univariate and multivariate operators’ models from both samples. Anthropometric measurements on standing height, sitting height, lower leg length, upper leg length, shoulder width, hip breadth, arm length, and foot length were collected for 921 Serbian and 300 Libyan male drivers. Results show that, for Serbian male drivers, a correlation between variables exists in 67.85% cases, while for Libyan male drivers, a correlation between variables exists in 39.28% cases. The comparison of mean values between variables for Serbian and Libyan male drivers showed that, beside shoulder width, all others have significantly higher values for Serbians than for Libyikans. Consequently, there are different interior space dimensions of the vehicle obtained: for Serbian drivers, interior space dimensions amounted to 1500 × 561 × 1230 mm and for Libyan drivers amounted to1400 × 591 × 1155 mm which are useful to passenger car designers in eliminating existing anthropometric inconsistencies.

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Barabino, Benedetto, Mauro Coni, Alessandro Olivo, Giuseppe Pungillo, and Nicoletta Rassu. "Standing Passenger Comfort: A New Scale for Evaluating the Real-Time Driving Style of Bus Transit Services." IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems 20, no. 12 (December 2019): 4665–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tits.2019.2921807.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Standing passengers'

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