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Journal articles on the topic 'Standing trees'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 2 June 2025

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Warnock, Mary. "Should trees have standing?" Journal of Human Rights and the Environment 3 (June 1, 2012): 56–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4337/jhre.2012.02.03.

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2

Margil, Mari. "The Standing of Trees." World Policy Journal 34, no. 2 (2017): 8–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/07402775-4191552.

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3

Song, Shi Quan, Hua Dong Xu, and Li Hai Wang. "Application of Ultrasonic Wave and Resistograph for Nondestructive Testing of Defects in Standing Trees." Applied Mechanics and Materials 48-49 (February 2011): 265–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.48-49.265.

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In order to carry out non-destructive testing on standing trees, explore the propagation characteristics and the influence factors of the ultrasonic wave spreading in the standing trees. Take simon poplar as the research object, Resistograph were employed to test 30 sample (simon polar) standing trees and it gave a preliminary estimate of the internal defects in the samples, and RSM-SYS5 ultrasonic device were employed to test the ultrasonic propagation velocity spreading in simon poplar standing trees, with the statistics of the ultrasonic propagation velocity spreading separately in the heal

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Calderón-Cortés, Nancy, Luis H. Escalera-Vázquez, and Ken Oyama. "Occurrence of termites (Isoptera) on living and standing dead trees in a tropical dry forest in Mexico." PeerJ 6 (May 16, 2018): e4731. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.4731.

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Termites play a key role as ecosystem engineers in numerous ecological processes though their role in the dynamics of wood degradation in tropical dry forests, particularly at the level of the crown canopy, has been little studied. In this study, we analysed the occurrence of termites in the forest canopy by evaluating the density and proportion of living and standing dead trees associated with termites in deciduous and riparian habitats of the tropical dry forest in Chamela, Mexico. The results indicated that 60–98% of standing dead trees and 23–59% of living trees in Chamela were associated

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5

Picchi, Gianni. "Marking Standing Trees with RFID Tags." Forests 11, no. 2 (2020): 150. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f11020150.

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Precision forestry and traceability services for the certification of timber products require reliable systems for the identification of items throughout the supply chains, starting from the inventory of standing trees. AutoID systems based on radio frequency identification (RFID) are regarded as the most promising technology for this purpose. Nevertheless, there is no information available regarding the capacity of RFID tags to withstand the climatic and biological wearing agents present in forests for long periods, while maintaining the stored information and the capacity to return a readabl

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Shi, Lijuan, Guoying Wang, Lufeng Mo, Xiaomei Yi, Xiaoping Wu, and Peng Wu. "Automatic Segmentation of Standing Trees from Forest Images Based on Deep Learning." Sensors 22, no. 17 (2022): 6663. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22176663.

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Semantic segmentation of standing trees is important to obtain factors of standing trees from images automatically and effectively. Aiming at the accurate segmentation of multiple standing trees in complex backgrounds, some traditional methods have shortcomings such as low segmentation accuracy and manual intervention. To achieve accurate segmentation of standing tree images effectively, SEMD, a lightweight network segmentation model based on deep learning, is proposed in this article. DeepLabV3+ is chosen as the base framework to perform multi-scale fusion of the convolutional features of the

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7

Mukhortova, Liudmila, Leonid Krivobokov, and Dmitry Schepaschenko. "Postfire dynamics of standing dead tree stock in northern boreal forests." BIO Web of Conferences 52 (2022): 00038. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20225200038.

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Wildfire is one of the main forest disturbing factors in the boreal zone of Siberia that can cause significant changes in tree stands dynamics. Tree mortality caused by fire can significantly increase a standing dead tree pool that is one of the poorly studied components of forest ecosystems. The aim of this study was assessing of post-fire changes in the standing dead tree pool in northern boreal larch forests of Central Siberia (Russia). We analyzed dynamics of the standing dead tree stock on experimental plots, which were affected by wildfire of moderate severity in 2013. The stock of stand

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8

Whitney, R. D., R. L. Fleming, K. Zhou, and D. S. Mossa. "Relationship of root rot to black spruce windfall and mortality following strip clear-cutting." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 32, no. 2 (2002): 283–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x01-194.

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Root and butt rots are often implicated as causal factors influencing windfall and mortality of residual trees following partial cutting. Measurements of decay at stump level (i.e., the upward extension of root rot) were made on cross-sectional discs taken from windfallen and standing dead 100- to 130-year-old black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) BSP) near Nipigon in northwestern Ontario. Subsequently, causal fungi were identified using laboratory culturing procedures. The incidence and amount of decay in windfallen trees within leave strips following alternate strip clear-cutting was higher th

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9

Grear, Anna. "Should trees have standing: 40 years on?" Journal of Human Rights and the Environment 3 (June 1, 2012): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.4337/jhre.2012.02.00.

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10

Arciniegas, Andres, Loïc Brancheriau, Philippe Gallet, and Philippe Lasaygues. "Device for ultrasound imaging of standing trees." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 133, no. 5 (2013): 3328. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.4805579.

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11

Engle, D. M., J. F. Stritzke, and P. L. Claypool. "Herbage Standing Crop around Eastern Redcedar Trees." Journal of Range Management 40, no. 3 (1987): 237. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3899086.

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12

Busby, Posy E., Peter Adler, Timothy L. Warren, and Frederick J. Swanson. "Fates of live trees retained in forest cutting units, western Cascade Range, Oregon." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 36, no. 10 (2006): 2550–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x06-140.

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Live trees, standing dead trees, and downed logs have been retained in some forest harvest sites in the Pacific Northwest to fulfill various ecological objectives. To assess the fates of retained trees following partial cutting of mature forests in the central western Cascade Range in Oregon, we inventoried standing live and dead trees and toppled trees in 21 cutting units in 1993 and 2001. In 1993, 1–10 years after cutting, an average of 65% of the initially retained trees (average of counts for all sites) were alive and standing, 12% had been toppled or topped by wind, 13% had become snags b

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13

De Eugenio, A., A. Fernández-Landa, and S. Merino-de-Miguel. "Modelos 3D derivados de fotogrametría terrestre para la estimación de variables de inventario forestal." Revista de Teledetección, no. 51 (June 29, 2018): 113. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/raet.2018.9174.

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<p>The management of forest resources should be based on reliable measurements of individual standing trees. At the beginning, these measurements allow us to estimate equations and models, which in turn are used to be applied to similar individuals with the objective of estimate variables such as timber volume at plot or stand level. Traditionally, these measurements required the destruction of several standing trees. The present work intends the construction of three-dimensional models of standing trees by terrestrial photogrammetry. With this purpose, four plots were sampled in the MUP

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14

Berendt, Ferréol, Eduardo Tolosana, Stephan Hoffmann, Paula Alonso, and Janine Schweier. "Harvester Productivity in Inclined Terrain with Extended Machine Operating Trail Intervals: A German Case Study Comparison of Standing and Bunched Trees." Sustainability 12, no. 21 (2020): 9168. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12219168.

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The complexity of highly structured forests with multiple tree species, especially when coniferous and broadleaved tree species are mixed, as well as stands with extended machine operating trail spacing and inclined terrain, create challenging operational conditions for mechanized timber harvesting and extraction. Motor-manually felling trees within the midfield and bunching them at the machine operating trails, prior to the arrival of a harvester-forwarder system, is a complex operation. The aim of this study was to assess and compare tethered harvester productivities of a thinning operation,

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15

Soraya, Joice, Fathul Hamdani, and Ana Fauzia. "Should trees have legal standing?: Strengthening the relationship between law and ecology." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1489, no. 1 (2025): 012061. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1489/1/012061.

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Abstract In recent decades, environmental concerns have increased as the impacts of climate change and deforestation have become more apparent. In response, some environmental activists and legal experts have raised a controversial question: should trees, or other natural elements, have legal standing? Legal standing refers to the right to file a lawsuit in court. The purpose of this research is to examine the legal reasoning for legal standing of trees in Indonesia, and to examine the concept of granting legal standing to trees to strengthen the relationship between law and ecology. This rese

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16

Aakala, Tuomas, Timo Kuuluvainen, Louis De Grandpré, and Sylvie Gauthier. "Trees dying standing in the northeastern boreal old-growth forests of Quebec: spatial patterns, rates, and temporal variation." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 37, no. 1 (2007): 50–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x06-201.

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Spatial patterns, rates, and temporal variation of standing-tree mortality were studied in unmanaged boreal old-growth forests of northeastern Quebec. The study was carried out by sampling living and dead trees within 15 transects (400 m long, 40 m wide). The transects lay in stands that were classified according to their species composition in three types: dominated by black spruce, Picea mariana (Mill.) BSP; mixed P. mariana and balsam fir, Abies balsamea (L.) Mill.; and dominated by A. balsamea. Spatial patterns were analysed using Ripley's K function. The year of death was cross-dated usin

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17

Karlinasari, Lina, Effendi Tri Bahtiar, Adhelya Suci Apriyanti Kadir, Ulfa Adzkia, Naresworo Nugroho, and Iskandar Z. Siregar. "Structural Analysis of Self-Weight Loading Standing Trees to Determine Its Critical Buckling Height." Sustainability 15, no. 7 (2023): 6075. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15076075.

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A tree may receive compression and flexure combination, and the structural analysis governed by the building code may be capable of estimating the tree’s safety in the built environment. This study proposed to refer to the building code to check the tree dimension adequacy resisting the load. This study simplified the case by focusing only on the self-weight and ignoring the external loads; therefore, the buckling analysis of a slender tapered round column subjected to compression is advocated. Buckling occurs when the tree’s structure can no longer maintain its original shape. Euler and Yline

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18

Gall, Rolf, Franz Meier, Adrian L. Meier, and Beat Forster. "Regionale Verteilungsmuster des Buchdrucker-Stehendbefalls (Ips typographus L.) nach Sturmschäden im Kanton Bern | Regional distribution of standing tree infestation by bark beetle (Ips typographus) following storm damage in Canton Berne, Switzerland." Schweizerische Zeitschrift fur Forstwesen 154, no. 11 (2003): 442–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.3188/szf.2003.0442.

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Using an extensive dataset from the Canton Berne spatial patterns were analysed of the first Ips typographus-infestations of standing trees after the storm Lothar on December 1999. Our results suggest that these first infestations were not caused by bark beetles indiscriminately spreading out of windthrow areas. Rather, we found relationships between levels of attacked standing trees and cleaned, scattered windthrown trees. We therefore conclude that our results point to reduced host tree resistance as a key factor.

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19

Bucur, V. "Ultrasonic techniques for nondestructive testing of standing trees." Ultrasonics 43, no. 4 (2005): 237–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ultras.2004.06.008.

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20

Goh, Chiew Loon, Ruzairi Abdul Rahim, Mohd Hafiz Fazalul Rahiman, Masturah Tunnur Mohamad Talib, and Zhen Cong Tee. "Sensing wood decay in standing trees: A review." Sensors and Actuators A: Physical 269 (January 2018): 276–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sna.2017.11.038.

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21

Steve Pavlik. "Should Trees Have Legal Standing in Indian Country?" Wicazo Sa Review 30, no. 1 (2015): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.5749/wicazosareview.30.1.0007.

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22

Cook, Gregory. "Nahum’s Shaking Cypresses." Bulletin for Biblical Research 26, no. 1 (2016): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/26371359.

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Abstract The final two words of Nah 2:4 (2:3 NRSV) seem to suggest shaking trees, but scholars either emend MT or interpret the clause metaphorically. The literature deems the possibility of still-standing trees as ill-fitted to the context of Nah 2. This article proposes that the words והברשים הועלו do indeed refer to standing cypress trees. In Nah 2:4, the Ninevites see distant trees quaking as the besiegers chop them down to build siege engines. Sennacherib (reigned 705–681 B.C.) had created forests around Nineveh during his expansion of the city. These forests included transplanted cypress

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23

Krzystek, Peter, Alla Serebryanyk, Claudius Schnörr, Jaroslav Červenka, and Marco Heurich. "Large-Scale Mapping of Tree Species and Dead Trees in Šumava National Park and Bavarian Forest National Park Using Lidar and Multispectral Imagery." Remote Sensing 12, no. 4 (2020): 661. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12040661.

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Knowledge of forest structures—and of dead wood in particular—is fundamental to understanding, managing, and preserving the biodiversity of our forests. Lidar is a valuable technology for the area-wide mapping of trees in 3D because of its capability to penetrate vegetation. In essence, this technique enables the detection of single trees and their properties in all forest layers. This paper highlights a successful mapping of tree species—subdivided into conifers and broadleaf trees—and standing dead wood in a large forest 924 km2 in size. As a novelty, we calibrate the critical stopping crite

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24

Azuma, David. "The Effects of a Western Spruce Budworm Outbreak on the Dead Wood Component in Relation to Ownership in Forests of Eastern Oregon." Western Journal of Applied Forestry 25, no. 4 (2010): 176–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/wjaf/25.4.176.

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Abstract Forest Inventory and Analysis data were used to investigate the effects of a severe western spruce budworm outbreak on the dead wood component of forests in 11 counties of eastern Oregon for two time periods. The ownership and the level of damage (as assessed by aerial surveys) affected the resulting down woody material and standing dead trees. The pattern of coarse woody debris with respect to ownership and management intensity remained consistent into the next 10-year period. Harvesting tended to lower the amount of coarse woody debris on private forests. Federally managed forests h

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25

Chauhan, Shakti S., Kenneth M. Entwistle, and John C. F. Walker. "Search for a relationship between stress wave velocity and internal stresses in eucalypts and radiata pine." Holzforschung 61, no. 1 (2007): 60–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/hf.2007.010.

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Abstract The relation between growth stress and stress wave velocity has been investigated on standing trees of Eucalyptus nitens. Longitudinal growth stress and the stress wave velocity were measured at breast height on 155 trees. Large variation in both growth strain and acoustic velocity was observed. The initial investigation with 34 trees showed good correlation (R2=0.68). Measurements on all 155 trees revealed no reliable relationship (R2=0.05). The influence of internal stress on acoustic velocity has also been investigated on radiata pine boards loaded in bending and tension. It was ob

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26

Venugopal, Parvathy, Riitta Julkunen-Tiitto, Kaisa Junninen, and Jari Kouki. "Phenolic compounds in Scots pine heartwood: are kelo trees a unique woody substrate?" Canadian Journal of Forest Research 46, no. 2 (2016): 225–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfr-2014-0498.

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Deadwood quality can be a highly significant factor in determining the occurrence of deadwood-dependent organisms such as saproxylic fungi. Rare deadwood substrates that are produced only after a lengthy senescence such as kelo trees may have unique deadwood qualities. Using high-performance liquid chromatography, we compared the phenolic composition of six types of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) substrates: living mature trees with no fungal sporocarps, living mature trees with Phellinus pini sporocarps, fallen non-kelo trees, soon-to-be kelo (standing), standing kelo, and fallen kelo. The

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27

Miltiadou, Milto, Athos Agapiou, Susana Gonzalez Aracil, and Diofantos G. Hadjimitsis. "Detecting Dead Standing Eucalypt Trees from Voxelised Full-Waveform Lidar Using Multi-Scale 3D-Windows for Tackling Height and Size Variations." Forests 11, no. 2 (2020): 161. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f11020161.

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In southern Australia, many native mammals and birds rely on hollows for sheltering, while hollows are more likely to exist on dead trees. Therefore, detection of dead trees could be useful in managing biodiversity. Detecting dead standing (snags) versus dead fallen trees (Coarse Woody Debris—CWD) is a very different task from a classification perspective. This study focuses on improving detection of dead standing eucalypt trees from full-waveform LiDAR. Eucalypt trees have irregular shapes making delineation of them challenging. Additionally, since the study area is a native forest, trees sig

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28

Gwaze, David, and Anthony Elliott. "Cavity Trees, Snags, and Overstory Density in a Riparian Forest in Northeastern Missouri." Northern Journal of Applied Forestry 28, no. 2 (2011): 105–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/njaf/28.2.105.

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Abstract Snags and cavity trees are important for wildlife habitat, yet knowledge about their abundance and effects of forest management on these components is lacking for riparian forests. We evaluated the effects of clearcutting with reserves, basal area retention, and no harvest on snags and cavity trees in a riparian forest in northeastern Missouri. We also determined whether the established guidelines for snags and cavity trees in Missouri are being met. Preharvest results indicated that 11.3% of standing trees were snags, and 7% of live standing trees were cavity trees at this site. The

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Schimleck, L. R., A. J. Michell, C. A. Raymond, and A. Muneri. "Assessment of the Pulpwood Quality of Standing Trees Using near Infrared Spectroscopy." Journal of Near Infrared Spectroscopy 6, A (1998): A117—A123. http://dx.doi.org/10.1255/jnirs.178.

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In Australia, considerable effort has been directed at improving the pulp yield of plantation grown trees through tree breeding programs. However, an improvement in pulp yield relies on the assessment of large numbers of trees. Traditional methods of assessment are expensive, time consuming and destructive, inhibiting their use. Cores can be extracted non-destructively from standing trees using TRECOR, a handheld motor driven drill. The cores are milled, their near-infrared spectra obtained and pulp yield estimated using an appropriate calibration model. The height at which the core is taken i

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Cao, Lianjun, Xinyu Zheng, and Luming Fang. "The Semantic Segmentation of Standing Tree Images Based on the Yolo V7 Deep Learning Algorithm." Electronics 12, no. 4 (2023): 929. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics12040929.

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The existence of humans and the preservation of the natural ecological equilibrium depend greatly on trees. The semantic segmentation of trees is very important. It is crucial to learn how to properly and automatically extract a tree’s elements from photographic images. Problems with traditional tree image segmentation include low accuracy, a sluggish learning rate, and a large amount of manual intervention. This research suggests the use of a well-known network segmentation technique based on deep learning called Yolo v7 to successfully accomplish the accurate segmentation of tree images. Due

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31

Gale, Neil, and Anders S. Barfod. "Canopy tree mode of death in a western Ecuadorian rain forest." Journal of Tropical Ecology 15, no. 4 (1999): 415–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266467499000929.

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All dead trees ≥ 20 cm DBH were counted in the first 6 mo of 1994 in 10 ha of wet lowland rain forest, in the Hoja Blanca Hills, western Ecuador. The trees were classified by their mode of death. Thirty-four per cent of the trees were uprooted, 35% had snapped, 15% had died standing and 16% were unclassified. Regression analyses found that slope position and whether an individual was a dicotyledonous tree or a palm (Iriartea deltoidea) to be both strongly related to the mode of death. Slope, altitude and the presence of buttresses also influenced the mode of tree death. Tree diameter, however,

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32

Hennon, Paul E., and Michael H. McClellan. "Tree mortality and forest structure in the temperate rain forests of southeast Alaska." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 33, no. 9 (2003): 1621–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x03-081.

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Tree mortality in 27 old-growth stands at three locales in southeast Alaska was evaluated to determine how types of tree death contributed to stand structure and the production of woody debris and to interpret small-scale disturbance. Basal area, density of stems, and the condition of dead trees were described for each tree species. Dead trees with broken boles were observed most frequently, followed by dead standing intact and uprooted trees. The frequencies of dead trees within snag and log deterioration classes indicated that most trees died standing and subsequently broke. Reconstructed an

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33

Mora, Christian R., Laurence R. Schimleck, Fikret Isik, Jerry M. Mahon, Alexander Clark, and Richard F. Daniels. "Relationships between acoustic variables and different measures of stiffness in standing Pinus taeda trees." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 39, no. 8 (2009): 1421–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x09-062.

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Acoustic tools are increasingly used to estimate standing-tree (dynamic) stiffness; however, such techniques overestimate static stiffness, the standard measurement for determining modulus of elasticity (MOE) of wood. This study aimed to identify correction methods for standing-tree estimates making dynamic and static stiffness comparable. Sixty Pinus taeda L. trees, ranging from 14 to 19 years old, obtained from genetic tests established in the southeastern United States, were analyzed. Standing-tree acoustic velocities were measured using the TreeSonic tool. Acoustic velocities were also rec

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Hilpp, G. Keith, and Matthew H. Pelkki. "Log Grade Prediction for Standing Yellow-Poplar Trees in Eastern Kentucky." Southern Journal of Applied Forestry 27, no. 1 (2003): 61–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sjaf/27.1.61.

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Abstract Information on the quality of logs in standing trees can aid resource managers and landowners in maximizing returns from timber harvests. However, little is published about the grade of logs in yellow-poplar (Liriodendron tulipifera) stands. In this study, discriminant analysis was used to develop classification functions to predict USDA Forest Service Log Grades for standing yellow-poplar trees in eastern Kentucky. The variables used to predict log grade are those commonly collected during forest inventory. This analysis indicates the importance of log position, merchantable height,

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35

Busing, Richard T., and Xinyuan Wu. "Size-specific mortality, growth, and structure of a Great Smoky Mountains red spruce population." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 20, no. 2 (1990): 206–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x90-029.

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Old-growth population dynamics of Picearubens Sarg. were studied in a montane spruce–fir forest in North Carolina and Tennessee. Size-class structure fit a semilogarithmic rotated sigmoid curve typical of a stable population. Although the population contained trees of all ages, a large proportion of the population was less than 100 years old; few trees were greater than 350 years old. Mortality rates were estimated from a 2-decade census and from population structure data. For trees above breast height, annual mortality was approximately 1% of the population. Small trees (<30 cm dbh) and la

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Lehmanski, Linda M. A., Lara M. Kösters, Jianbei Huang, Martin Göbel, Jonathan Gershenzon, and Henrik Hartmann. "Windthrow causes declines in carbohydrate and phenolic concentrations and increased monoterpene emission in Norway spruce." PLOS ONE 19, no. 5 (2024): e0302714. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0302714.

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With the increasing frequencies of extreme weather events caused by climate change, the risk of forest damage from insect attacks grows. Storms and droughts can damage and weaken trees, reduce tree vigour and defence capacity and thus provide host trees that can be successfully attacked by damaging insects, as often observed in Norway spruce stands attacked by the Eurasian spruce bark beetle Ips typographus. Following storms, partially uprooted trees with grounded crowns suffer reduced water uptake and carbon assimilation, which may lower their vigour and decrease their ability to defend again

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Spetich, Martin A., Stephen R. Shifley, and George R. Parker. "Regional Distribution and Dynamics of Coarse Woody Debris in Midwestern Old-Growth Forests." Forest Science 45, no. 2 (1999): 302–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/forestscience/45.2.302.

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Abstract Old-growth forests have been noted for containing significant quantities of deadwood. However, there has been no coordinated effort to quantify the deadwood component of old-growth remnants across large regions of temperate deciduous forest. We present results of a regional inventory that quantifies and examines regional and temporal trends for deadwood in upland old-growth forest remnants within Indiana, Illinois, Missouri, and Iowa. From 1992 to 1994, down wood ≥ 10 cm in diameter and standing trees ≥ 10 cm dbh were inventoried on 328 one-tenth ha plots at 12 sites. The mean ratio a

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38

CONSALTER, Rangel, Antonio C. V. MOTTA, Julierme Z. BARBOSA, et al. "Pine root exploration of standing dead tree trunks: a short-cut biocycling process." Forest Systems 32, no. 2 (2023): eSC01. http://dx.doi.org/10.5424/fs/2023322-19715.

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Aim of study: To characterize the colonization of Pinus herrerae roots in trunks of dead standing trees and to evaluate the composition of roots and decomposing tissues of standing dead trees. Area of study. Jaguariaíva, Paraná state, Southern Brazil. Material and methods: This study evaluated root attributes in the soil, litter, and trunks of dead standing trees and the composition of wood and bark of trees. Root traits (length, mass mycorrhizal colonization, and mean nutrient concentrations), soil and organic layers, and mean nutrient concentrations of wood and bark for were anal

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Sedmáková, Denisa, Peter Jaloviar, Oľga Mišíková, et al. "Small Gap Dynamics in High Mountain Central European Spruce Forests—The Role of Standing Dead Trees in Gap Formation." Plants 13, no. 24 (2024): 3502. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants13243502.

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Gap dynamics are driving many important processes in the development of temperate forest ecosystems. What remains largely unknown is how often the regeneration processes initialized by endogenous mortality of dominant and co-dominant canopy trees take place. We conducted a study in the high mountain forests of the Central Western Carpathians, naturally dominated by the Norway spruce. Based on the repeated forest inventories in two localities, we quantified the structure and amount of deadwood, as well as the associated mortality of standing dead canopy trees. We determined the basic specific g

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Ursić, Branko, Dinko Vusić, Ivica Papa, Tomislav Poršinsky, Željko Zečić, and Andreja Đuka. "Damage to Residual Trees in Thinning of Broadleaf Stand by Mechanised Harvesting System." Forests 13, no. 1 (2022): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f13010051.

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This research was conducted to determine the cause, intensity and location of damage (stem, butt end, root collar, root) and the extent of damage to standing trees during felling and processing by an harvester and timber extraction by a forwarder (cut-to-length system). The research was conducted in the central part of the Republic of Croatia in the Management Unit (MU) “Bjelovarska Bilogora” during the thinning of Subcompartment 14b, area of 18.28 ha, in the stand of hornbeam (Carpino betuli—Quercetum roboris fagetosum Rauš 1975), age 70, and of Subcompartment 14c, area of 9.07 ha, in a stand

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41

West, P. W., and K. F. Wells. "Estimation of leaf weight of standing trees of Eucalyptusregnans." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 20, no. 11 (1990): 1732–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x90-230.

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A model was developed to estimate total leaf dry weight of individual standing trees of Eucalyptusregnans F. Muell. in even-aged, monoculture stands aged 8–20 years. Tree biomass data were collected for a sample of 42 trees from four plots at three sites in Victoria and Tasmania. One plot had been heavily thinned 10 years prior to sampling. The model was based on the pipe model theory, L(x) = as(x)p(x), where L(x) is leaf dry weight above some height (x), s(x) and p(x) are, respectively, stem sapwood area and permeability at x, and a is a parameter. Permeability is known to vary with site and

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42

Oksanen, Markku. "Should trees have standing? Law, morality, and the environment." Environmental Politics 21, no. 1 (2012): 174–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09644016.2011.643378.

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Gardiner, B., and B. Nicoll. "Trees as engineering structures: Standing up to the wind." Journal of Biomechanics 39 (January 2006): S352. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0021-9290(06)84404-0.

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Gonçalves, Raquel, Fernando Augusto Franco Batista, and Rafael Gustavo Mansini Lorensani. "Selecting Eucalyptus Clones Using Ultrasound Test on Standing Trees." Forest Products Journal 63, no. 3-4 (2013): 112–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.13073/fpj-d-12-00114.

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Schoukens, Hendrik. "Should Trees Have Standing – Also in the European Union?" Journal for European Environmental & Planning Law 15, no. 3-4 (2018): 273–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18760104-01503001.

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Ouis, Djamel. "NON DESTRUCTIVE TECHNIQUES FOR DETECTING DECAY IN STANDING TREES." Arboricultural Journal 27, no. 2 (2003): 159–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03071375.2003.9747371.

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Grabianowski, M., B. Manley, and J. C. F. Walker. "Acoustic measurements on standing trees, logs and green lumber." Wood Science and Technology 40, no. 3 (2006): 205–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00226-005-0038-5.

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Nardi, Davide, Valerio Finozzi, and Andrea Battisti. "Massive windfalls boost an ongoing spruce bark beetle outbreak in the Southern Alps." L’Italia Forestale e Montana 77, no. 1 (2022): 23–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/ifm-1617.

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European coniferous forests are currently threatened by bark beetles (e.g. Ips typographus) because of an increasing incidence of triggering factors, such as drought and windstorms. Furthermore, such natural disturbances are expected to increase in terms of magnitude and frequency due to climate change, and thus interacting with each other. Here, we present a particular case study in the Southern Italian Alps (Gares, Canale d’Agordo, Belluno), in which wind disturbance interacts with an ongoing outbreak of I. typographus, probably associated with an extended drought in the previous three years

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49

Nardi, Davide, Valerio Finozzi, and Andrea Battisti. "Massive windfalls boost an ongoing spruce bark beetle outbreak in the Southern Alps." L’Italia Forestale e Montana 77, no. 1 (2022): 23–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/ifm-1617.

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Abstract:

European coniferous forests are currently threatened by bark beetles (e.g. Ips typographus) because of an increasing incidence of triggering factors, such as drought and windstorms. Furthermore, such natural disturbances are expected to increase in terms of magnitude and frequency due to climate change, and thus interacting with each other. Here, we present a particular case study in the Southern Italian Alps (Gares, Canale d’Agordo, Belluno), in which wind disturbance interacts with an ongoing outbreak of I. typographus, probably associated with an extended drought in the previous three years

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50

Nardi, Davide, Valerio Finozzi, and Andrea Battisti. "Massive windfalls boost an ongoing spruce bark beetle outbreak in the Southern Alps." L’Italia Forestale e Montana 77, no. 1 (2022): 23–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/ifm-1617.

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Abstract:

European coniferous forests are currently threatened by bark beetles (e.g. Ips typographus) because of an increasing incidence of triggering factors, such as drought and windstorms. Furthermore, such natural disturbances are expected to increase in terms of magnitude and frequency due to climate change, and thus interacting with each other. Here, we present a particular case study in the Southern Italian Alps (Gares, Canale d’Agordo, Belluno), in which wind disturbance interacts with an ongoing outbreak of I. typographus, probably associated with an extended drought in the previous three years

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