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Journal articles on the topic 'Standing up against abuse'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 2 February 2022

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1

Muntingh, Lukas M. "Africa, Prisons and COVID-19." Journal of Human Rights Practice 12, no. 2 (July 2020): 284–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jhuman/huaa031.

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Abstract Africa’s prisons are a long-standing concern for rights defenders given the prevalence of rights abuses, overcrowding, poor conditions of detention and the extent to which the criminal justice system is used to target the poor. The paper surveys 24 southern and east African countries within the context of COVID-19. Between 5 March and 15 April 2020 COVID-19 had spread to 23 southern and east African countries, except Lesotho. The overwhelming majority of these countries imposed general restrictions on their populations from March 2020 and nearly all restricted visits to prisons to prevent the spread of the coronavirus. The pandemic and government responses demonstrated the importance of reliable and up to date data on the prison population, and any confined population, as it became evident that such information is sorely lacking. The World Health Organization recommended the release of prisoners to ease congestion, a step supported by the UN Subcommittee on Prevention of Torture. However, the lack of data and the particular African context pose some questions about the desirability of such a move. The curtailment of prison visits by external persons also did away with independent oversight even in states parties to the Optional Protocol to the Convention against Torture (OPCAT). In the case of South Africa, prison monitors were not listed in the ensuing legislation as part of essential services and thus were excluded from access to prisons. In the case of Mozambique, it was funding being placed on hold by the donor community that prevented the Human Rights Commission from visiting prisons. The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted long-standing systemic problems in Africa’s prisons. Yet African states have remained remarkably reluctant to engage in prison reform, despite the fact that poorly managed prisons pose a significant threat to general public health care.
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2

Murphy, Colleen. "Religion & Transitional Justice." Daedalus 149, no. 3 (July 2020): 185–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/daed_a_01811.

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Transitional justice refers to the process of dealing with human rights abuses committed during the course of ongoing conflict or repression, where such processes are established as a society aims to move toward a better state, and where a constitutive element of that better state includes democracy. A philosophical theory of transitional justice articulates what the moral criteria or standards are that processes of transitional justice must satisfy to qualify as just responses to past wrongdoing. This essay focuses on the roles of religion in transitional justice. I first consider the multiple and conflicting roles of religion during periods of conflict and repression. I then argue against conceptualizing transitional justice in a theologically grounded manner that emphasizes the importance of forgiveness. Finally, I discuss the prominent role that religious actors often play in processes of transitional justice. I close with the theoretical questions about authority and standing in transitional contexts that warrant further examination, questions that the roles of religious actors highlight. Thinking through the relationship between religion and democracy from the perspective of transitional justice is theoretically fruitful because it sheds more light on additional dimensions to the issue of authority than those scholars of liberal democracy have traditionally taken up.
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3

Mégret, Frédéric. "Beyond UN Accountability for Human Rights Violations." International Organizations Law Review 16, no. 1 (January 7, 2019): 68–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15723747-01601004.

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The overarching focus on the United Nations and its agents for human rights violations and abuses they may have committed, as well as the attention to troop contributing states and even ‘victims’, has broadly shifted attention away from the role of the host state in peace operation. This article seeks to unpack that omission and suggests that it is far more problematic than commonly thought, in particular because it tends to reproduce some of the problematic features of the political economy of peacekeeping that are the background of rights abuses in the first place. Instead, as part of a tradition of thinking of human rights in terms of sovereign protection, the article makes the case for taking much more seriously the role that the host state can and should have in order to address abuses by international organizations. It emphasises how international legal discourse has tended to ‘give up’ on the host state, but also how host states have themselves been problematically quiescent about violations occurring on their territory. This has forced victims to take the improbable route of seeking to hold the UN accountable directly, bereft of the sort of legal and political mediation which one would normally expect their sovereign to provide. The article contributes some thoughts as to why host states have not taken up their citizens’ cause more forcefully with the United Nations, including governmental weakness, a domestic culture of rights neglect, but also host state dependency on peace operations. The article then suggests some leads to rethink the role of the host state in such circumstances. It points out relevant avenues under international law as well as specifically under international human rights law, drawing on the literature developed to theorise the responsibilities of states in relation to private third-party non-state actors within their jurisdiction. It argues that there is no reason why the arguments developed with private actors, notably corporations, in mind could not be applied to public actors such as the UN. Finally, the article suggests some concrete ways in which the host state could more vigorously take up the cause of rights abuses against international organizations including by requiring the setting up of standing claims commissions or making more use of its consent to peace operations, as well as ways in which it could be forced to do so through domestic law recourses. The article concludes by suggesting that reinstating the host state within what should be its natural prerogatives will not only be a better way of dealing with UN abuses, but also more conducive to the goals of peacekeeping and state construction.
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4

Benson, Diane E. "Standing Up Against the Giant." American Indian Quarterly 27, no. 1 (2003): 67–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/aiq.2004.0020.

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5

Andrade, Gabriel. "STANDING UP FOR SCIENCE AGAINST POSTMODERNISM AND RELATIVISM." Philosophia: International Journal of Philosophy 20, no. 2 (June 2019): 197–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.46992/pijp.20.2.a.4.

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6

Thomas, Emma F., Craig McGarty, Russell Spears, Andrew G. Livingstone, Michael J. Platow, Girish Lala, and Kenneth Mavor. "‘That's not funny!’ Standing up against disparaging humor." Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 86 (January 2020): 103901. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jesp.2019.103901.

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7

Cox, Lara. "Standing Up against the Rape Joke: Irony and Its Vicissitudes." Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society 40, no. 4 (June 2015): 963–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/680330.

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8

Baumert, Anna, Mengyao Li, Julia Sasse, and Linda Skitka. "Standing up against moral violations: Psychological processes of moral courage." Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 88 (May 2020): 103951. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jesp.2020.103951.

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9

Smith, Carolyn R., Steven J. Palazzo, Paula L. Grubb, and Gordon L. Gillespie. "Standing up against workplace bullying behavior: Recommendations from newly licensed nurses." Journal of Nursing Education and Practice 10, no. 7 (April 13, 2020): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/jnep.v10n7p35.

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Objective: Workplace bullying exists in today’s healthcare system and often targets newly licensed nurses. Experiences of workplace bullying behavior may negatively affect the nurses’ physical and psychological health and impact job satisfaction and staff turnover rates at an organizational level. The purpose of this study was to explore strategies suggested by newly licensed nurses to prevent and intervene during incidents of workplace bullying behavior.Methods: An exploratory qualitative design guided this study. Three open-ended questions asked included: What do you think could be done to prevent a future, similar incident of workplace bullying? If you or someone else attempted to the stop the bullying incident, please describe the actions taken. If you or someone else did not attempt to stop the bullying incident, please state what would need to happen for you to intervene on behalf of yourself or someone else. Surveys were distributed electronically to newly licensed nurses from three baccalaureate nursing programs who had participated in a workplace bullying education intervention study as students. A total of 79 responses were received. Responses to three open-ended questions about recent incidents of workplace bullying behavior were coded and analyzed. Then the Social-Ecological Model was used to organize results into individual, relationship, and organizational level strategies.Results: Most respondents reported experiencing workplace bullying behaviors in the previous six months. Three domains of strategies were identified: Preventing Future Bullying Behavior, Stopping Incidents of Bullying Behavior, and Promoting Others to Act.Conclusions: Results indicated newly licensed nurses desire to be supported by their peers and organization as well as strategies to intervene when bullying behaviors occur. Implications for clinical practice and education are presented.
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10

Pugh, Sarah, Sapna Desai, Laura Ferguson, Heidi Stöckl, and Shirin Heidari. "Not without a fight: standing up against the Global Gag Rule." Reproductive Health Matters 25, no. 49 (January 2017): 14–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09688080.2017.1303250.

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11

Gualano, Bruno, Eloisa Bonfa, Rosa M. R. Pereira, and Clovis A. Silva. "Physical activity for paediatric rheumatic diseases: standing up against old paradigms." Nature Reviews Rheumatology 13, no. 6 (May 23, 2017): 368–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nrrheum.2017.75.

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12

Shanaah, Sadi, and Lasse Lindekilde. "Standing up and Speaking Out? British Muslims’ Collective Action against Islamist Extremism." Democracy and Security 15, no. 4 (February 18, 2019): 386–407. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17419166.2019.1573680.

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13

Zhang, Lei, Shuchun Huo, Xing Fu, Michael Hohage, and Lidong Sun. "Kinetic Barrier Against Standing Up of Pentacene Molecules Upon a Pentacene Monolayer." physica status solidi (RRL) - Rapid Research Letters 12, no. 8 (June 25, 2018): 1800230. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pssr.201800230.

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14

Mello, Michelle M., and Reshma Jagsi. "Standing Up against Gender Bias and Harassment — A Matter of Professional Ethics." New England Journal of Medicine 382, no. 15 (April 9, 2020): 1385–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/nejmp1915351.

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15

Gonzalez, Roberto J. "Standing Up Against Torture and War: Why Anthropologists Should Vote on Resolutions." Anthropology News 48, no. 3 (March 2007): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/an.2007.48.3.5.

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16

Kuckertz, Andreas. "Standing up against crisis-induced entrepreneurial uncertainty: Fewer teams, more habitual entrepreneurs." International Small Business Journal: Researching Entrepreneurship 39, no. 3 (March 11, 2021): 191–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0266242621997782.

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The global spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus–2) has led to drastic infection control measures that have dramatically affected societies and economies worldwide. Against this background, it is the purpose of this commentary to illustrate how innovative entrepreneurial activity in particular has been affected by the rising uncertainty caused by the first COVID-19 wave. By comparing innovative North American and European startups established pre-crisis and during the first wave of the pandemic, this commentary suggests that startups founded in the crisis are characterised less by entrepreneurial teams and more by habitual entrepreneurs. Interestingly, female entrepreneurial activity seems not to have been affected by the crisis when measured as the proportion of women founders involved in innovative startups pre-crisis and during crisis. The commentary thus, illustrates what particular type of entrepreneur persists during rising uncertainty and allows us to draw conclusions for policy-making and further research on the interface of entrepreneurship, crisis and uncertainty.
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17

Ljubojev, Nadezda. "The notion and consequences of emotional abuse of a child in the family." Temida 7, no. 3 (2004): 35–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tem0403035l.

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The paper considers the notion of emotional abuse of a child in the family as one of the most serious forms of family pathology. Emotional abuse is defined as parent?s or guardian?s acting or non acting, such as rejection insult, isolation, terror, verbal attack etc. that might cause serious and permanent disorders in child?s emotional development. Due to that, very complicated consequences of this serious form of abuse are particularly analyzed. In this paper, the author is standing up for the opinion that sexual and physical abuse are always in connection with the emotional, while emotional abuse could appear as a separate phenomenon.
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18

Martinez, Larry R., Michelle R. Hebl, Nicholas A. Smith, and Isaac E. Sabat. "Standing up and speaking out against prejudice toward gay men in the workplace." Journal of Vocational Behavior 103 (December 2017): 71–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2017.08.001.

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19

Köteles, István, and Sándor Hosztafi. "Vaccines against Drug Abuse: Morphine-Hapten Design and Synthesis." Proceedings 41, no. 1 (November 14, 2019): 48. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ecsoc-23-06473.

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Drugs of abuse are small molecules that typically do not induce an antibody response following the administration. To induce antibodies against these kind of molecules, structural changes have to be made to obtain so called “haptens”. The hapten must be coupled to immunogenic proteins, called “carriers”. These connected derivatives are typically drug-linker adducts, in which the linker has a terminal functional group (i.e., carboxylic acid or aliphatic amine) that forms a covalent bond with the carrier. The efficacy of these conjugate vaccines depends on several factors including hapten design, coupling strategy, hapten density, carrier protein selection, and vaccine adjuvant. Six nor-normorphine compounds were reacted with ethyl acrylate and ethyl bromoacetate. After the synthesis of the specific esters we hydrolyzed them to receive the N-carboxymethyl- and N-carboxyethyl-normorphine derivatives. The next step was the coupling phase with glycine ethyl ester, but the reactions didn’t work or the work-up process was not accomplishable. As an alternative route the normorphine-compounds were reacted with N-chloroacetyl glycine ethyl ester. These products were hydrolyzed in alkaline media and after the work-up process all of the derivatives contained the free carboxylic group of the glycine sidechain. All of the glycine ester and the glycine carboxylic acid derivatives are under biological tests.
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20

Goldman, Juliette D. G., and Usha K. Padayachi. "Factors influencing school counsellors' decision not to report child sexual abuse." Children Australia 27, no. 1 (2002): 28–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1035077200004946.

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Using a state-wide sample of 122 school counsellors (52 males and 70 females) in Queensland, Australia, factors which influenced their decision not to report child sexual abuse were examined. These factors were a lack of evidence; lack of confidence in the authorities to accurately evaluate or protect sexually abused children; adverse effects on the family's social standing in the community; potential to break up the family; and the fear of breaking counsellor-client confidentiality. Further, school counsellors were not likely to report all cases of child sexual abuse when they suspected it, thus confirming the popular belief that child sexual abuse is under-reported by them.
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21

Nosenko, T. "Long War against Terror." World Economy and International Relations, no. 4 (2010): 31–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.20542/0131-2227-2010-4-31-41.

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In the article, different reasons for the long-lasting war against international terrorism under the Islamist banner are analysed. Notwithstanding the "Al-Qaeda's" weakening, since autumn 2001, many new groups have sprung up threatening the international security. Till now, the war has been waged only against terrorists, but no serious attention has been paid to neutralization of radical Islamism as an ideology causing terrorism. In connection with the military actions in Iraq and Afghanistan, anti-western feelings have been growing up breeding radical Islamism. It is emphasized in the article that the antiterrorist coalition in its present state is unable to fulfill its mission. It can become really efficient only if Muslim régimes would increase their input into the common struggle. Standing on the ground of traditional Islam they could easier curb Islamism and thus cut the roots of terrorism.
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22

Roy, Pritam Kumar, Mounika Pydipalli, Shruti Trivedi, Waheda Rehman, and Vallabh Thakkar. "Life skills education: a coping strategy against substance abuse." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 8, no. 8 (July 27, 2021): 4147. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20213056.

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Substance abuse has been a topic of discussion for healthcare professionals. It involves using harmful or hazardous psychoactive substances that, if administered into one's system, can affect the mental processes. Consumption of these substances leads to societal as well as health problems among its users there by indirectly affecting their families too. These substances mainly include alcohol, tobacco, opiates, cocaine, amphetamines, hallucinogens, prescription and over-the-counter drug abuse.1,2 According to the world drug report 2020 by United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC), there are about 35 million people who suffer from drug use disorders and require treatment services globally.2 In India, the substance abuse epidemic in the younger generation has increased rapidly. The crucial factors which lead to these problems involve familial, social as well as individual problems. Familial issues may involve childhood maltreatment or familial substance abuse. Similarly, social issues involves deviant peer pressure and association with popular groups in order to prevent from being bullied. Individual factors which might lead to substance abuse includes depression and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).3 Its prevalence at the national level varies for different substance abuse forms, accompanied by drastic regional variations. Issues regarding treatment access and adherence concerning substance user disorders (SUD) already existed. Due to the current COVID-19 situation, drastic social and economic changes have further worsened the situation. So in this regard, newer strategies have to be brought up in place.4 It has been found that life skills education is one of the most influential activities in school-based substance abuse prevention.
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23

Ullah, Akm Ahsan. "Abuse and Violence Against Foreign Domestic Workers. A Case from Hong Kong." International Journal of Area Studies 10, no. 2 (December 1, 2015): 221–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ijas-2015-0010.

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Abstract This paper explores various abuses Foreign Domestic Helpers (FDHs) or migrant domestic workers (MDW) in Hong Kong suffer and the strategies they take up to cope with this abuse. Data were collected from 215 domestic helpers (135 from the Philippines, 30 from Thailand, 41 from Indonesia, and 9 from Sri Lanka) all of whom had been in residence for at least six months. Selected by snow-balling technique, respondents were interviewed with structured and non-structured questionnaires. Research shows that sexual abuse is the most common form of abuse against MDWs followed by psychological and physical abuses. Female employers are the main perpetuators of psychological abuse while the male employers are culpable for sexual abuses. Coping strategies varied widely among the MDWs. Many of them endure the violence to keep the job; some quit the job and others struggle with the decision to stay or quit.
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24

Munro, Lyle. "Caring about Blood, Flesh, and Pain:Women's Standing in the Animal Protection Movement." Society & Animals 9, no. 1 (2001): 43–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853001300108982.

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AbstractUsing the results of a survey of animal rights activists, advocates, and supporters, the paper reveals much more convergence (80%) than divergence (20%) of attitudes and actions by male and female animal protectionists. Analysis of the divergence suggests that the differences between men and women in the movement are contingent upon such things as early socialization, gendered work and leisure patterns, affinity with companion animals, ambivalence about science, and a history of opposition to nonhuman animal abuse by generations of female activists and animal advocates. Aside from the feminist and women's movements and groups like Mothers Against Drunk Driving, it is rare to find a social movement in which the standing of women eclipses those of their male colleagues. The paper suggests that animal protection remains a bastion of female activism and advocacy because women care about blood, flesh, and pain and, unlike earlier generations of animal activists, no longer are seen as a liability to the success of the movement.
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25

Fuadi, Salis Irvan. "PENANGGULANGAN KEKERASAN TERHADAPANAK (Child Abuse) DALAM KELUARGA (Perspektif Pendidikan Agama Islam)." Manarul Qur'an: Jurnal Ilmiah Studi Islam 18, no. 1 (July 1, 2018): 91–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.32699/mq.v18i1.933.

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The concept of violence against children includes several things:Definition of violence against children (child abuse), other forms ofviolence against children (child abuse), elements of violence againstchildren (child abuse). Islamic education is an alternative educationto guide while also directing students toward the establishment of aprivate key (perfect man) based on the ethical values of Islam whilemaintaining good relations against Allah neighbor, herself and thesurrounding nature .. As for the prevention of violence against childeducational perspective of Islam, which must be implemented byparents, namely: provide exemplary child, think before runningthings, binds hearts before explaining, introduced before the burden,hang the child, not dictate, rectifying the error is not stripped,reward, punish wisely, sanctions educate, to avoid punishment thatdoes not educate, do not bring up a previous state, and warmthafter the punishment.
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26

McCarthy, Michelle. "Brick by brick: building up our knowledge base on the abuse of adults with learning disabilities." Tizard Learning Disability Review 19, no. 3 (July 2, 2014): 130–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/tldr-12-2013-0051.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to draw readers’ attention to the myriad ways to find out about abuse towards people with learning disabilities. Design/methodology/approach – Whilst acknowledging the continued importance of research studies specifically focused on the topic of abuse, this commentary reviews information about abuse of adults with learning disabilities from other sources, e.g., through service audits, studies on sexual and personal relationships. Findings – Having many sources of information about abuse against people with learning disabilities is a good thing, but there are some problems associated with this. First, some forms of abuse appear to be easier to find out about than others, and second, the difficult question of how the information can be used to improve the lives of people with learning disabilities. Originality/value – This commentary encourages readers to take a broad view of abuse of people with learning disabilities and to use all the knowledge available to support individuals, whilst at the same time demanding social changes.
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27

Gillis, John S., and Malik H. Mubbashar. "Risk Factors for Drug Abuse in Pakistan: A Replication." Psychological Reports 76, no. 1 (February 1995): 99–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1995.76.1.99.

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While a number of risk factors have been identified for drug abuse in the United States, little evidence is available about such factors in some other countries. Among these latter is Pakistan, a nation in which heroin addiction is a major problem. The present study was done to examine those psychosocial characteristics which differentiated 60 heroin addicts from 60 nondrug-using controls in Pakistan. Most of the drug-abuse factors identified earlier were significant in Pakistan as well. Applying cut-off scores previously established for each of 9 variables, the relationship between drug status and number of factors at risk was also examined. Over 98% of the addicts were at risk for five or more factors; only 15% of controls were at risk for 5 variables and none exceeded 5. Precursors for abuse appear to cut across cultural lines. The high-risk individual in Pakistan, as in the United States, is one with ready access to drugs and the social inducements to use them while lacking bonds with societal institutions or value systems which might mitigate against drug use. Because several of the risk factors represent deep and long-standing aspects of the addict's personality, both prevention and treatment confront formidable difficulties.
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Shepard, Benjamin. "Grandmothers Against the War: Getting off our Fannies & Standing Up for Peace - By Joan Wile." WorkingUSA 11, no. 3 (September 2008): 399–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1743-4580.2008.00213.x.

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29

Verkijika, Silas Formunyuy, and Brownhilder Ngek Neneh. "Standing up for or against: A text-mining study on the recommendation of mobile payment apps." Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services 63 (November 2021): 102743. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jretconser.2021.102743.

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30

Didaskalou, Eleni, Grace Skrzypiec, Eleni Andreou, and Phillip Slee. "Taking Action Against Victimisation: Australian Middle School Students’ Experiences." Journal of Psychologists and Counsellors in Schools 27, no. 1 (February 17, 2016): 105–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jgc.2016.3.

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Victimisation among students has been identified as a serious problem in Australian schools. This study investigated approaches taken by South Australian middle school students for dealing with victimisation. Over 170 students (aged 11–16) described how they coped with bullying and situations where they needed to take action against bullying. A content analysis of their responses found that students used coping strategies, including: (a) seeking social support, (b) standing up for peers/friends, (c) externalising, (d) nonchalance, (e) sticking up for oneself, (f) problem-solving, (g) submission, (h) reducing tense emotions/assertiveness, and (i) escape. One of the significant findings was that students did not identify school counsellors as a source of coping support, which has implications for their role in addressing incidents of victimisation.
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Kamaruddin, Zaleha, and Raihanah Abdullah. "Protecting Muslim Women against Abuse of Polygamy in Malaysia: Legal Perspective." Hawwa 6, no. 2 (2008): 176–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156920808x347250.

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AbstractPolygamy remains a controversial issue not only in Malaysia but also in many Muslim countries around the world. From the legal perspective, Muslim men, who choose to enter into polygamous marriages and abuse it, largely due to the absence of eff ective measures taken to curtail the problems bring this about. In Malaysia, these steps include the incorporation of specific provisions controlling the practice of polygamy in the Islamic Family Law Enactments of each state. This move is considered as a step towards formulating better laws to control abuses in the practice of polygamy. This paper discusses the concept behind existing provisions and looks into adequacy of such laws. It also aims at identifying problems and provides suggestions on how women could remain protected within a polygamous set up.
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32

Cramp, Philip. "Standing upper airway surgery: what can be done?" UK-Vet Equine 5, no. 3 (May 2, 2021): 115–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/ukve.2021.5.3.115.

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Performing a number of different upper respiratory tract surgeries in the standing sedated horse is advantageous because it improves accessibility and the anatomy is in a more appropriate location. Standing surgery avoids the risk of general anaesthesia, affording a significant advantage to the horse and owner. However, this has to be weighed up against the increased risk of performing surgery in the standing sedated horse to the surgeon and the rest of the surgery team. Often, specialist facilities and equipment are required as well as a more in-depth knowledge of the anatomy and the procedure, along with a move advanced skill set. This article describes the procedures of upper airway surgery that lend themselves to being performed in the standing sedated horse.
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Noguera, Pedro, and Patricia Morgan. "Taking Chances, Taking Charge: A Report on a Drug Abuse Intervention Conceived, Created and Controlled by a Community." International Quarterly of Community Health Education 14, no. 4 (January 1994): 417–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/pa8q-9u3f-ne51-4kpe.

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The high visibility and expensive federal efforts in the “war on drugs” has led to few victories. Substantial evidence suggests that the basic failure of the federal “war on drugs” is the result of long-standing reliance on traditional approaches based upon criminal and medicalized interventions. The present program, reported here, emphasizes a community up, rather than a social planning, hierarchy down, approach. Community creation has led to community control and a sense of hope that this intractable problem, at least in Berkeley, can be effectively controlled.
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34

Bessant, Judith. "Professional credibility and public trust in those working with young people." Children Australia 29, no. 2 (2004): 5–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1035077200005952.

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As the embarrassment and shame around the ‘resignation’ of our last Governor-General indicates, the abuse of children and young people has become a major public issue. An increasing body of Australian research reveals a history of violence against young people while media reports reveal a history of serious physical and sexual abuse and exploitation of young people by professionals responsible for their care and protection.Moreover much of this systemic abuse took place in educational and welfare sectors that were and are relatively unregulated in respect to the professionalisation of workers. While there are now formal professional registration processes affecting teachers and psychologists, there is no equivalent for youth workers, social workers or community development workers.The disclosures of abuse and neglect revealed the suffering and harm experienced by young people, and in turn seriously damaged the professional standing of those working with young people, as well as the public trust traditionally conferred on professions and institutions.I argue that restoring public trust in the institutions and services where abuse took place, and indeed may still be happening, is an issue of considerable importance.I critically review the conditions necessary for restoring public trust. Those conditions include improved governance and systematic improvements in the intellectual and professional education of youth workers to ensure that they have the requisite capabilities such as critical insight, advocacy skills and political resolve. The value of establishing a code of professional practice ethics is also considered.Finally it is argued that advocating for young people's rights is another means of securing their well-being and workers' professional standing. I point out, however, that the rights option is somewhat limited because, although it obligates, it does not specify who owes the obligation, and for this reason rights talk too often remains ineffectual because it's abstracted. I suggest that the identification of obligations is also necessary for securing public trust and young people's well-being because, unlike rights, they specify who is bound and to whom the obligation is owed.
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Dini, Elona, and Kujtim Mersini. "Domestic child abuse and family realm in Albania." International Journal of Scientific Research and Management 9, no. 1 (January 29, 2021): 545–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.18535/ijsrm/v9i1.sh04.

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This paper brings new insights and further examines the data obtained from the National Survey of Domestic Violence, which is the most comprehensive source on the prevalence of violence against children in Albania. The aim here is not to duplicate or overlap with the results of the survey but to enshrine subtle elements that characterize the violence against children. The analyses are focused to critically examine the frequency and characteristics of physical violence against children. This includes the calculation of many comparisons between the occurrence of violence and predisposing factors. From the statistical analysis results, it can be seen, that the number of respondents who nominated their respective mothers as offenders represent 70% of the total valid sample followed by their fathers and brothers/sisters with 46% and 38% respectively. It appears that the most frequent and sadly culturally accepted method of physical violence against children is slapping and knuckle beating which resulted in 89% of cases followed by hair tear and pushes by 60%, meanwhile other more extreme forms of violence occur to a lower rate ranging from 0.6% up to 20%. Interestingly the violence against children is predominantly high in Elbasan and Gjirokastra regions with an outstanding prevalence of 91% and 88% respectively. These scientific facts replace the old misconceptions that the domestic violence is more widespread in northern areas of Albania. The research findings reported here are critical to inform our efforts to protect children from children’s exposure to violence.
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D’Amato, Anthony. "Professor Rubin’s Reply Does Not Live up to Its Title." American Journal of International Law 79, no. 1 (January 1985): 112–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2202667.

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If there were a truth-in-advertising law that applied to essays in the American Journal of International Law, Alfred Rubin’s reply to my article on Judge Bork could be charged with deceptive packaging. His tentative and speculative contentions hardly prove his title statement that I am “seriously mistaken.” Yet his very failure of proof means that my arguments remain valid and that I have suffered no damage. As a result, I may lack standing, or have no cause of action, to bring a case of deceptive advertising against Professor Rubin.
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37

Marcoux, Judith, Mohammad Alkutbi, Julie Lamoureux, Mitra Feyz, Rajeet S. Saluja, and Elaine de Guise. "Discharge Against Medical Advice in Traumatic Brain Injury: Follow-Up and Readmission Rate." Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences / Journal Canadien des Sciences Neurologiques 44, no. 3 (May 26, 2016): 311–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cjn.2016.241.

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AbstractBackground: Patients who leave hospital against medical advice (AMA) may be at risk of adverse health outcomes, medical complications, and readmission. In this study, we examined the characteristics of patients who left AMA after traumatic brain injury (TBI), their rates of follow-up visits, and readmission. Methods: We retrospectively studied 106 consecutive patients who left the tertiary trauma center AMA (1.8% of all admitted patients with a TBI). Preinjury health and social issues, mechanism of injury, computed tomography findings, and injury markers were collected. They were correlated to compliance with follow-up visits and unplanned emergency room (ER) visits and readmission rates. Results: The most prevalent premorbid health or social-related issues were alcohol abuse (33%) and assault as a mechanism of trauma (33%). Only 15 (14.2%) subjects came to follow-up visit for their TBI. Sixteen (15.1%) of the 106 subjects had multiple readmissions and/or ER visits related to substance abuse. Seven (6.6%) had multiple readmissions or ER visits with psychiatric reasons. Those patients with multiple readmissions and ER visits showed in higher proportion preexisting neurological condition (p=0.027), homelessness (p=0.012), previous neurosurgery (p=0.014), preexisting encephalomalacia (p=0.011), and had a higher ISS score (p=0.014) than those who were not readmitted multiple times. Conclusions: The significantly increased risks of multiple follow-up visits and readmission among TBI patients who leave hospital AMA are related to a premorbid vulnerability and psychosocial issues. Clinicians should target AMA TBI patients with premorbid vulnerability for discharge transition interventions.
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Quaresma da Silva, Denise Regina. "VIOLENCE AGAINST CHILDREN IN BRAZIL AND CHILD SUFFERING:." International Journal for Innovation Education and Research 7, no. 7 (July 31, 2019): 01–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.31686/ijier.vol7.iss7.1546.

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Violence against children is a subject of wide-ranging discussion, which has been gradually taking up more space over the years both in academia and in the media. This qualitative study deals with a literature review of some of the most recurrent forms of violence experienced in childhood: sexual exploitation and abuse, psychological violence, neglect and physical violence. In continuity, we present some possible causes of violence against children, and in conclusion, we point out the consequences of the abuse endured while in childhood. These situations of family violence perpetrated during childhood create afflictions in children and are the origin of childhood and teenage psychopathologies which often remain throughout adult life. Children become psychically ill due to the violence they suffer or witness within the family, seeing as what should be their safe space becomes the captivity in which they must live with the tormentors whom they support, since they are children.
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39

Hilson, Chris, and Ian Cram. "Judicial review and environmental law —is there a coherent view of standing?" Legal Studies 16, no. 1 (March 1996): 1–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-121x.1996.tb00397.x.

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In this article we examine the issue of the standing of individuals and pressure groups in judicial review proceedings, with particular emphasis on standing in planning and environmental law litigation. We begin by developing a particular conception of liberalism to justify a broad, ‘citizen action’ model of standing. The article then proceeds to examine English domestic law on access to the courts against the background of this liberal model.It is right to say at the outset that the choice of planning and environmental materials is not intended to point up issues in standing which are exclusive to that context. Instead, our purpose is to make some more general arguments about standing in public law and then, through an examination of case law in planning/environmental litigation–which features relatively frequently in the law reports–to test for coherence and contradiction in the judicial reasoning there encountered
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Abel, Nancy J., and John M. O’Brien. "EMDR Treatment of Comorbid PTSD and Alcohol Dependence: A Case Example." Journal of EMDR Practice and Research 4, no. 2 (May 2010): 50–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/1933-3196.4.2.50.

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Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) is a therapy that has been demonstrated to be effective in the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). A relatively small but growing body of literature indicates that EMDR may be an effective adjunctive treatment for substance abuse. This article reviews the various protocols that have been developed for that purpose, including protocols by Vogelmann-Sine et al., Omaha, Popky, and Hase. A case study that incorporates the use of some of these interventions is presented to illustrate successful EMDR treatment of a woman who had long-standing comorbid alcohol abuse and PTSD. Two-year follow-up after EMDR showed that the woman was successfully maintaining sobriety and that the PTSD continued in full remission. After a discussion of the important aspects of this case, the authors explore future directions for research.
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Zhang, Lei, Shuchun Huo, Xing Fu, Michael Hohage, and Lidong Sun. "Kinetic Barrier Against Standing Up of Pentacene Molecules Upon a Pentacene Monolayer (Phys. Status Solidi RRL 8/2018)." physica status solidi (RRL) - Rapid Research Letters 12, no. 8 (August 2018): 1870325. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pssr.201870325.

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Herrera, Veronica M., and Laura Ann McCloskey. "Sexual Abuse, Family Violence, and Female Delinquency: Findings From a Longitudinal Study." Violence and Victims 18, no. 3 (June 2003): 319–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/vivi.2003.18.3.319.

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The current study examines the effects of three forms of childhood victimization on self-reported delinquency and aggression in adolescent girls. These analyses are based on a longitudinal sample of 141 mother-daughter pairs participating in a study about marital violence and child development. When the children were school aged, mothers and children provided reports describing (a) child exposure to marital violence, (b) escalated physical abuse against the child, and (c) child sexual abuse. Children were followed up into adolescence and re-interviewed. Self-reports of delinquency (violent and nonviolent), running away, and violence against parents were collected. Results indicate that out of the three forms of victimization, child sexual abuse emerged as the strongest predictor of girls’ violent and nonviolent criminal behavior. Girls with a history of physical abuse in childhood were most likely to assault their parents. Witnessing marital violence failed to contribute further to delinquency, beyond the adverse association with childhood sexual abuse. Findings highlight a unique avenue for delinquency in girls via childhood sexual exploitation.
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43

Gutfreund, Zevi. "Standing Up to Sugar Cubes: The Contest over Ethnic Identity in California's Fourth-Grade Mission Curriculum." Southern California Quarterly 92, no. 2 (2010): 161–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/41172518.

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In the 1960s and 1970s, Native American and Chicano activists launched attacks against the romanticized depiction of the Spanish Past that was taught in California schools. Contests within and among the reform groups (and the eventual resolution found in today's educational standards) reveal a complex effort to shape children's perceptions of race and identity. By tracing the evolution of Native American and Latino activism on this subject and the responses of the state Board of Education, this article shows the symbolic significance of education debates in state politics.
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44

Gaffney, Kate. "Hiding behind the past: Understanding historical abuse in out-of-home care." Children Australia 33, no. 4 (2008): 38–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1035077200000444.

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This article addresses common misconceptions about the historic abuse of children in Victoria during the mid-twentieth century, including those contained in the 2006 official Victorian Government apology to state wards. The article has two aims – firstly, to consider allegations of abuse and some common reactions to, and explanations of those allegations; and, secondly, to test the abuse allegations against the 1954 and 1960 Victorian Children's Welfare Regulations concerning the use of corporal punishment in Children's Homes. The author contends that historical relativism and the notion that abuse allegations can be explained as a feature of changing attitudes towards children and discipline do not stand up to scrutiny and inhibit useful examination of the causes and consequences of abuse in out-of-home care.
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45

Wu, Linden, Elizabeth A. Schlenk, Susan M. Sereika, and Elizabeth Miller. "3558 Do Recognition, Behavioral Intentions, and Attitudes of Adolescent Relationship Abuse (ARA) Serve as Protective Factors Against Future ARA and Cyber Dating Abuse (CDA)?" Journal of Clinical and Translational Science 3, s1 (March 2019): 60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cts.2019.141.

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OBJECTIVES/SPECIFIC AIMS: To create prevention strategies targeting ARA and CDA, it is critical to educate and mold adolescent recognition, behavioral intentions, and attitudes regarding healthy dating relationships. Thus, the purpose of this study was to examine if high school students’ recognition of ARA, the students’ behavioral intentional to intervene during ARA episode of someone they know, and the students’ attitudes about the importance of healthy relationship serve as a protective factors against experiencing ARA. Aim 1: Do baseline (T1) recognition, behavioral intentions, and attitudes serve as protective factors against experiencing ARA in high school students at 3-month follow-up (T2)? Aim 2: Do baseline (T1) recognition, behavioral intentions, and attitudes serve as protective factors against CDA in high school students at 3-month follow- up (T2)? METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: To examine the relationships between recognition, behavioral intentions, and attitudes of ARA and CDA, a secondary analysis using a descriptive correlational design was used to analyze electronic survey data from a large randomized controlled parent study. The parent study consisted of 1,011 high school students ages 14 to 19 years who sought health service through one of eight school-based health clinics in California. This secondary analysis consisted of 819 students, with 640 (78.1%) female, 178 (21.7%) males, and 1 (0.2%) transgender participant. There were 42 (5.1%) Caucasians, 141 (17.2%) Asians, 218 (26.7%) African Americans, 313 (38.2%) Hispanics, 42 (5.1%) American Indians/Alaskan Natives, and 63 (7.7%) students who responded multi-racial. To measure recognition of ARA, a 10-item, 5-point Likert scale was used with responses ranging from 1=“not abusive” to 5=“extremely abusive” (Cronbach’s a = 0.85). To assess behavioral intentions to intervene, a 5-item, 5-point Likert scale was used to ask participants how likely they would be to stop the ARA behavior if they witness a peer perpetrating ARA with responses ranging from 1=“very unlikely” to 5=“very likely” (Cronbach’s a = 0.89). A 6-item, 3-point Likert healthy relationship tool measured participants’ attitudes regarding healthy relationship with responses ranging from 1=“not important” to 3=“very important”. Both ARA and CDA were assessed using a “yes/no” response choice for the lastthree months. To account for the hierarchical nature of the data analysis, a binary logistic regression was used in SPSS 24. To take into account the clustering coefficients of the eight different school clinics and as well as the parent study’s intervention and control groups, these clusters were examined as co-variates. Sex, race, and age were included as covariates, also. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: The relationship status of high school students consisted of 262 (32.0%) who were single, 97 (11.8%) who were going out, dating, or hooking up with more than one person, 423 (51.7%) who were seriously dating one person, and 37 (4.5%) who were not sure. At 3-month follow-up assessment, 111 (13.6%) of high school students experienced ARA, and 476 (58.1%) experienced CDA. The mean recognition of ARA score was 3.90 + 0.67, mean behavioral intentions score was 4.00 + 0.83, and mean attitudes score was 2.54 + 0.37. When examining the full ARA model including all three predicators controlling for the demographics and group assignment, none of the predictor variables were significant (p>0.05) in predicting ARA in high school students. Also, all three predictors were not significant in predicting ARA in the main effects model. When examining the full CDA model, with no interaction, all three predictors were significant. Recognition had 0.784 decrease odds (95% CI = 0633-0.971, p = 0.026) of predicting CDA. However the odds of CDA increase non-linearly up to the mean (2.537709) for the attitudes variable after which the odds then decreases non-linearly. The odds of CDA is increasing non-linearly up to 3.073913 for the behavioral intention variable after which the odds then decrease non-linearly. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: Adolescence is typically a time of exploration, transition, and social development. Researchers should investigate the efficacy of ARA and CDA prevention programs that focus on recognition, behavioral intentions, and attitudes to educate adolescents on healthy relationships. Results showed that behavioral intention to intervene and attitudes about healthy relationship can serve as protective factors against CDA. From our data, more students experienced CDA compared to ARA. Thus, it may by useful to recognize the use of technology as a social force within the adolescent culture in defining adolescents’ experiences of healthy relationships and potential experience of CDA.
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46

Ireton, Emma. "The ministerial power to set up a public inquiry: issues of transparency and accountability." Northern Ireland Legal Quarterly 67, no. 2 (June 1, 2016): 209–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.53386/nilq.v67i2.109.

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The Independent Panel Inquiry into Child Sexual Abuse was left in crisis following intense pressure from survivors and their families, the public and media. Two senior legal figures, Baroness Butler-Sloss and Fiona Woolf, both resigned from the position of chair to the inquiry following concerns over their links with the establishment. Questions were raised over the independence of a process convened by the Home Secretary, to investigate apparent failures on the part of institutions, which would include scrutinising the actions of a former Home Secretary in handling allegations of child sexual abuse in the past. Demands for an inquiry with greater statutory powers, including the power to compel the giving of evidence on oath, ultimately resulted in the Independent Panel being disbanded and a new public inquiry, the Independent Inquiry into Child Sexual Abuse, being convened. Against the background of this and other inquiries, this article examines the serious questions raised about the powers of a minister to set up a public inquiry, the lack of open and transparent decision-making processes and the extent to which those ministerial decisions are open to public scrutiny and accountability.
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Shrivastava, Surbhi, and Muthusamy Sivakami. "Evidence of ‘obstetric violence’ in India: an integrative review." Journal of Biosocial Science 52, no. 4 (November 14, 2019): 610–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021932019000695.

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AbstractThe term ‘obstetric violence’ has been used to describe the mistreatment, disrespect and abuse or dehumanized care of women during childbirth by health care providers. This is a review of the existing literature in India on violence against women during childbirth. The review used the typology of Bohren et al. (2015). An internet search of PubMed, Google Scholar and JSTOR was conducted using the terms ‘obstetric violence’, ‘mistreatment’, ‘disrespect and abuse’ and ‘dehumanized care’. Studies based on empirical research on women’s experiences during childbirth in health facilities in India were included in the review. The search yielded sixteen studies: one case study, two ethnographic studies, two mixed-methods studies, three cross-sectional qualitative studies, seven cross-sectional quantitative studies and one longitudinal quantitative study. The studies were analysed using the seven categories of mistreatment outlined by Bohren et al. (2015): 1) physical abuse, (2) sexual abuse, (3) verbal abuse, (4) stigma and discrimination, (5) failure to meet professional standards of care, (6) poor rapport between women and providers, and (7) health system conditions and constraints. An additional category of ‘harmful traditional practices and beliefs’ emerged from the Indian literature, which was also included in the review. Although geographically limited, the selected research highlighted varying prevalences of the different forms of ‘obstetric violence’ in both public and private birth facilities in India. ‘Obstetric violence’ in India was found to be associated with socio-demographic factors, with women of lower social standing experiencing greater levels of mistreatment. In response to this normalized public health issue, a multi-pronged, rights-based framework is proposed that addresses the social, political and structural contexts of ‘obstetric violence’ in India.
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48

Kim, Il-Hwan. "Do we need topical antibiotics for simple excision or the dressing after a skin wound?" Journal of the Korean Medical Association 63, no. 12 (December 10, 2020): 720–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.5124/jkma.2020.63.12.720.

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We often use topical antibiotics for simple excisions or the skin after minor wounds. This is a long-standing practice to minimize scarring by preventing wound or surgical site infection to promote wound healing. Is this old practice the right way for today? Is there a scientific basis for it and can it persist? These questions are related to the increase in antibiotic-resistant bacteria in Korea. Currently, the guidelines for the use of oral antibiotics have been established and are being applied relatively well-controlled to prevent overuse and misuse, while discussions for evaluating the adequacy of the prophylactic use of topical antibiotics or establishing correct guidelines are lacking. Based on related research data, American Academy of Dermatology has been continuously campaigning against the abuse of prophylactic antibiotics by the public and doctors, following the increase in the abuse of topical antibiotics since 2013. Therefore, we discuss the necessity of using topical antibiotics for the prophylaxis based on literature evidence. Now is the time to make efforts to prevent the increase of antibiotic-resistant bacteria through the correct use and by reducing the prescription of topical antibiotics in Korea.
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49

Hall, Zaida M. "Group Therapy for Women Survivors of Childhood Sexual Abuse." Group Analysis 25, no. 4 (December 1992): 463–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0533316492254008.

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Sexual abuse of a child is a special form of trauma. As McCarthy (1986) has reported, it probably begins at a much younger age than the child remembers, so that he or she grows up accepting that this is part of life. It is an important part of the environment which affects the child's psychic development. It usually occurs against the background of a cold, sick or absent mother, and a family in which there is little true affection or understanding. It is often accompanied by physical abuse. There may also be an element of psychological abuse which has been called `soul murder' (Shengold, 1979; Miller,1983; Hall, 1987). But even without this-there will always be confusion in the child's mind, `How CAN he do this to me, when he is a grown-up, respected by the other grown-ups, and should love and protect me?' or, `How can my parent ALLOW him to do this to me?' The mystification is increased if the perpetrator is the one person in the family who has given the child any genuine affection.
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Sykes, Leanne M., A. Uys, C. Bradfield, and Nicolaas W. Van Reede Van Oudtshoorn. "Dental images - Their use and abuse." South African Dental Journal 75, no. 10 (November 1, 2020): 584–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/2519-0105/2020/v75no10a9.

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Patients' exposure to medical and dental radiographic examination has increased over the years,1 with dental X-ray procedures now accounting for almost one-third of all radiographic examinations.2 Although they only contribute 2-4% towards the collective effective dose of exposure, all efforts should be made to minimize the amount taken and to keep exposure as low as diagnostically achievable.2 When considering radiographic examinations, the potential diagnostic or therapeutic benefits to the individual or society need to be weighed up against the possible risks that the exposure may cause, taking into account the "efficacy, and benefits and risks of alternative techniques that have the same objectives but involve no or less radiation".2,3 To this end the acronym ALARA was coined to stress that all diagnostic radiographs should aim to keep doses as low as reasonably achievable without compromising the diagnosis.1 With the advent of digital imaging there has been a trade-off between image quality and reduced radiation dosage. As such the term has been altered to ALADA, as low as diagnostically acceptable, to reflect this compromise.2
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