To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Staphylococcus spp. eng.
Journal articles on the topic 'Staphylococcus spp. eng'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 journal articles for your research on the topic 'Staphylococcus spp. eng.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Amer, Mohamed M., Hoda M. Mekky, and Hanaa S. Fedawy. "Molecular identification of Mycoplasma synoviae from breeder chicken flock showing arthritis in Egypt." Veterinary World 12, no. 4 (April 2019): 535–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2019.535-541.
Full textAbstract:
Aim: Arthritis is one of the most economic problems facing poultry industry worldwide. The study was done to detect possible causes of arthritis in breeder chicken flock with emphasis on molecular identification of Mycoplasma synoviae (MS). Materials and Methods: This study was carried on chicken from broiler breeder flock of 57 weeks' age in Dakahlia, Egypt, suffered from arthritis with frequently 5-7% decrease in egg production, reduced fertility, and hatchability. Forty blood samples were randomly collected from individual birds in sterile tubes and used for serum separation. Serum samples were tested using serum plate agglutination (SPA) test against colored antigens for Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG), MS, and Salmonella gallinarum-pullorum (SGP). On the other hand, 24 joint samples were collected. Of those 24 samples, 12 joint samples were subjected to bacteriological examination, while the other 12 were utilized for molecular diagnosis by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for MS and avian reovirus (ARV). Results: SPA test results revealed the presence of antibodies against MG, MS, and SGP in tested sera in rates of 14/40 (35%), 35/40 (87.5%), and 9/40 (22.5%), respectively. Furthermore, 19 bacterial isolates were recognized from joint samples and identified as five Staphylococcus spp., nine Escherichia coli, three SGP, one Citrobacter, and one Proteus. The identified Staphylococcal isolates were three coagulase-positive staphylococci (two Staphylococcus aureus and one Staphylococcus hyicus) and two coagulase-negative staphylococci (one Staphylococcus epidermidis and one Staphylococcus lentus), while E. coli isolate serotypes were 1 O11, 2 O55, 3 O78, 1 O124, 1 O125, and 1 untyped. PCR proved that 12/12 (100%) samples were positive for MS variable lipoprotein hemagglutinin A (vlhA) gene, while ARV was not diagnosed in any of the examined samples. Four amplified vlhA gene of MS isolates (named MS-2018D1, MS-2018D2, MS-2018D3, and MS-2018D4) was successfully sequenced. Analysis of phylogenetic tree revealed the presence of 100% identity between each two sequenced isolates (isolates MS-2018D1 and MS-2018D4 and also isolates 2018D2 and MS-2018D3). However, the nucleotide similarity between four isolates was 88.6%. On the other hand, our field isolates MS-2018D1, MS-2018D4, MS-2018D2, and MS-2018D3 showed nucleotide identity with vaccine strain MS-H 98.4%, 98.4%, 88.1%, and 88.1%, respectively. Furthermore, the nucleotide similarities with field strains from Argentina ranged between 87.8% and 98.6%. Conclusion: Four field isolates of MS were identified in examined broiler breeder flock. A phylogenetic study of these isolates revealed the variation between isolated MS strains and vaccine strain. Therefore, further studies are required for evaluating the vaccine efficacy against the present field isolates of MS. In addition, application of MS immunization of breeder flocks is necessary for proper control of the disease.
2
Khaleel1, Ayman Mohammed, Adeeba Younis Shareef, and ,. Shakeeba Younis Shareef. "Study the antibiotics sensitivity and beta- lactamase productivity of some Staphylococcus spp. Isolates from different sources of the Al Jamhoree Teaching Hospital in Mosul City." Tikrit Journal of Pure Science 24, no. 7 (December 18, 2019): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.25130/j.v24i7.907.
Full textAbstract:
The study includes the isolation of certain types of Gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus spp..The sample materials (blood, wounds, burns) were collected from both genders of all age groups of inpatients in Al Jamhoree Teaching Hospital in the Mosul during June till end of November 2018.
Staphylococcus aureus was the most common among the isolates with 7 isolates(38.9%) followed by Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus scriuri Staphylococcus lentus (Staphylococcus simulans) with 2 isolates each with 11.1% followed by Staphylococcus chromogenase, Staphylococcu scapilis and Staphylococcus xylosus with one isolate for each one 5.5%. The number of isolates was 9 isolates and 50%, followed by wound samples. The isolates were 6 isolated by 33% and the samples of burns were 3 isolates. 17% were isolated and Staphylococcus aureus was the most dominant species.
The sensitivity of bacterial isolates was studied for 15 antibiotics for different antibiotic groups. The results showed that a difference in the resistance ratio of the isolates to these antagonists, as they were resistant to the Ceftrixone, Cloxacillin 100%.
The Ciprofloxacillin, Gentamycin, Pipracillin, and Amikacin resistance were reduced. The Ciprofloxacillin antagonist was the most affected on the bacterial isolates studied, followed by the Rifampin. The results showed that the beta-lactamase enzyme was not produced by any of the Iodic methods by 4 bacterial strains, while the rest of the species varied in the susceptibility of production to the enzyme. The Iodine tube is one of the best methods to detect the production of these enzymes.
The susceptibility of bacterial species to the production of large-spectrum beta-lactase enzymes was also tested using the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards (NCCL) and the double-disc method. Staphylococcus lentus, Staphylococcus capilis, Staphylococcus chromanogenes The first NCCL has shown a single isolation of Staphylococcus capilis ability to produce it.
http://dx.doi.org/10.25130/tjps.24.2019.125
3
Olea-Rodríguez, María de los Ángeles, Patricia Chombo-Morales, Karla Nuño, Olga Vázquez-Paulino, Zuamí Villagrán-de la Mora, Luz E. Garay-Martínez, Javier Castro-Rosas, Angélica Villarruel-López, and Ma Refugio Torres-Vitela. "Microbiological Characteristics and Behavior of Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella spp., Listeria monocytogenes and Staphylococcal Toxin during Making and Maturing Cotija Cheese." Applied Sciences 11, no. 17 (September 2, 2021): 8154. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11178154.
Full textAbstract:
Cotija cheese is an artisanal matured Mexican cheese from unpasteurized milk. This work determined the microbiological characteristics and behavior of Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella spp., Listeria monocytogenes and staphylococcal toxin during cheese elaboration and ripening. Sixteen 20-kg cheeses were used, eight inoculated with 6 log CFU/mL of each pathogen, and eight uninoculated, and samples were taken at each stage of the process. In the uninoculated samples, the survival of S. aureus and L. monocytogenes decreased after 30 days of ripening. The average counts of S. aureus in milk, curd, and serum were 7 log MPN /mL, and 8.7 log MPN /g in cheese, decreasing from day 15. Salmonella spp. counts (initial inoculum: 7.2 log MPN /mL) decreased after 24 h, and L. monocytogenes counts (8.7 log MPN/g at 24 h) decreased from day 15 in the cheese. Salmonella spp. and L. monocytogenes were not detected in any sample after 60 days of ripening, unlike S. aureus, which was detected at the end of the study. Lactic acid bacteria counts were 9 log CFU/mL in milk and whey and 7.2 log CFU/g in cheese. Pathogens behavior during the ripening process reduces the health risks by consuming products made with unpasteurized milk when subjected to ripening.
4
Parveen, Arufa, Md Mostafizer Rahman, Md Fakhruzzaman, Mir Rowshan Akter, and Md Shofiqul Islam. "Characterization of bacterial pathogens from egg shell, egg yolk, feed and air samples of poultry houses." Asian Journal of Medical and Biological Research 3, no. 2 (August 29, 2017): 168–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ajmbr.v3i2.33564.
Full textAbstract:
This study was selected to find out the bacterial pathogens in egg yolk, egg shell, feed and air samples of poultry houses at Dinajpur district in Bangladesh with isolation, identification and characterization of bacterial pathogens present in those samples. For this study, a total of 147 samples comprising egg shell (36), egg yolk (36), feed (45) and air (30) were collected during the period from January to May, 2012 and the collected samples were then examined for the bacteriological study by using cultural, morphological and biochemical techniques. On the basis of their cultural, morphological and biochemical properties the isolated organisms were identified as Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus spp., Salmonella serovars and Bacillus spp. In this study it was observed that out of 147 samples a total of 51 were identified as bacterial pathogens in which egg shell containing 10 (27.78%), egg yolk 11 (30.56%), feed 20 (44.44%) and air 10 (33.33%) respectively. In this study it was also observed that the highest prevalence of bacterial pathogens in feed samples (44.44%) in comparison with egg shell (27.78%), egg yolk (30.56%) and air samples (33.33%). In this study it was demonstrated that out of four (04) pathogens Escherichia coli was more abundant (39.21%) in the layer house and its environment in comparison with Staphylococcus spp. (25.49%), Salmonella (23.52%) and Bacillus spp. (11.76%) respectively.Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. June 2017, 3(2): 168-174
5
Vasiľ, Milan, Zuzana Farkašová, Juraj Elečko, and František Zigo. "Occurrence of resistance to antibiotics therapy in coagulase-positive and coagulase-negative Staphylococci isolated from sheep´s milk in holding in Slovakia." Potravinarstvo Slovak Journal of Food Sciences 14 (September 28, 2020): 781–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.5219/1333.
Full textAbstract:
The occurrence of bacteria Staphylococcus spp. was examined in a total of 3466 individuals and in 12 pool milk samples from 2017 to 2019. The experiment was carried out in two herds of the breed of sheep, Improved Valaska, in the Slovakia region. Eleven species of the genus Staphylococcus spp. (n = 431) were isolated and taxonomically identified. From the coagulase-positive staphylococci (CPS), S. aureus was isolated during the reporting period, however, most often in the third year (50). The incidence of S. intermedius and S. hyicus were irregular. The incidence of S. schleiferi was highest at the end of the follow-up duration. From the coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS) (n = 158), were isolated S. epidermidis present in 20.4% (88) and S. chromogenes 11.4 % (49), S. caprae, S. xylosus, and other species rarely occurred. S. aureus (n = 133) showed maximum resistance to erythromycin 12.0%, novobiocin 10.5%, and neomycin 9.0%. The incidence of intermedial susceptibility was observed predominantly to a penicillin (16 strains), novobiocin (11 strains), erythromycin (14 strains), oxacillin, and cloxacillin (12 strains), neomycin (11 strains), and lincomycin (9 strains). Observantly, S. schleiferi (n = 101) showed the highest resistance to novobiocin (5.9%) and erythromycin (5.0%), however, a high incidence of intermediate susceptibility to erythromycin (9), amoxicillin, novobiocin (8), ampicillin, lincomycin (7), penicillin, methicilin and cefoperazone (5 strains) can be identified as adverse. The incidence of resistant and intermediate sensitive test strains S. aureus and S. schleiferi, especially for erythromycin, novobiocin, and neomycin, which are often used to treat udder inflammation in sheep, is relatively adverse.
6
Islam, Mahfuzul, Mirza Synthia Sabrin, Md Hazzaz Bin Kabir, and Md Aftabuzzaman. "Antibiotic sensitivity and resistant pattern of bacteria isolated from table eggs of commercial layers considering food safety issue." Asian Journal of Medical and Biological Research 4, no. 4 (December 30, 2018): 323–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ajmbr.v4i4.40103.
Full textAbstract:
The present study was carried out during the period of June 2016 to June 2017 to evaluate the antibiotic sensitivity and resistant pattern of bacteria isolated from table eggs of commercial layers considering food safety issue. A total of 200 egg samples (100 for egg shell surface and 100 for egg content) were collected from different retail markets of Dhaka city in sterile polythene bags in a view to prevent extraneous contamination and transported to the laboratory immediate after collection using icebox. The samples were inoculated onto nutrient broth and nutrient agar plates aerobically at 37°Cfor isolation. The isolated organisms were identified based on staining, motility, colony morphology and biochemical tests. The isolated bacteria were also subjected to characterize their antibiotic sensitivity. About 74% egg samples (148 out of 200 samples) were positive for microbial contamination. Among them 100 (100 %) samples had their shells contaminated with microbes of different genera; however, only 48 (48%) growths were observed from the egg contents. The major contaminants are Escherichia coli (34.64%), Coagulase positive Staphylococcus (24.29%), Salmonella spp. (20.71%) followed by Coagulase negative Staphylococcus (10%), Pseudomonas spp. (6.43%) and Bacillus spp. (3.93%). The isolated bacteria E. coli, Coagulase positive Staphylococcus, Salmonella spp. and Pseudomonas spp. showed their greatest sensitivity against ciprofloxacin, ceftriaxone and azithromycin whereas resistant against tetracycline, amoxicillin and ampicillin. There is potential for these antibiotic-resistant bacteria to be transferred to humans through contaminated eggs and are of public health concern from food safety point of view.
Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. December 2018, 4(4): 323-329
7
Fardows, Jannatul, Abu Bakar Siddique, Adneen Moureen, Tasmin Afroz Binte Islam, Nasrin Farhana, and Chowdhury Rafia Naheen. "Isolation and Identification of Pathogenic Gram-Positive Bacteria from Egg Shell of Hen and to See Their Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern." Journal of Enam Medical College 6, no. 1 (February 9, 2016): 15–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jemc.v6i1.26374.
Full textAbstract:
Background: Food-borne disease is a major public health problem affecting developed as well as developing countries. Inaccurately treated eggs can be one of its causes. So we designed this study to observe the possibility of transmission of pathogenic Gram-positive bacteria from market eggs to the community.Objectives: To identify different Gram-positive bacteria in eggs and to observe their antimicrobial susceptibility.Materials and Methods: This observational study was conducted in the department of Microbiology, Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka. Shells of 150 eggs collected from different markets of Dhaka city were tested. Bacteria were isolated and identified by culture and relevant biochemical tests.Results: Out of 150 egg shells, 120 (80%) yielded growth of different bacteria. Of them, Staphylococcus spp. were 80 (66.67%), Streptococcus spp. 8 (6.67%), Bacillus subtilis 20 (16.67%) and Bacillus cereus 12 (10%). Out of 80 Staphylococcus spp., 30 (25%) were Staphylococcus aureus and 50 (41.67%) were Staphylococcus saprophyticus. Most of the Gram-positive bacteria were sensitive to ciprofloxacin, ceftriaxone and imipenem. No MRSA and VRSA were found.Conclusion: It can be concluded from this study that Gram-positive bacteria from market eggs may be an important source of infection to the community.J Enam Med Col 2016; 6(1): 15-18
8
Rotimi, V. O., S. A. Olowe, and I. Ahmed. "The development of bacterial flora of premature neonates." Journal of Hygiene 94, no. 3 (June 1985): 309–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022172400061532.
Full textAbstract:
SUMMARYThe sequential acquisition of bacterial flora by premature neonates was studied during a 10 month period. Mean gestational age of the babies was 29·01 weeks and the mean birth weight was 1·728 kg. Escherichia coli and group B streptococci (GBS) colonized the umbilicus of 7 and 6 babies respectively, out of 23 studied, on the first day of life. E. coli and staphylococci were the predominant flora on the 6th day and they colonized 12 and 13 respectively. The oral flora was predominantly Gram-positive cocci, mainly Streptoccocus salivarius which was isolated from 17 out of 22 babies on the 6th day, viridians streptococci were isolated from 14 babies, Staphylococcus albus from 16 babies and group D streptococci from 11 babies. Candida spp. also colonized the oral cavities of 17 out of 22 babies on the 6th day. At the end of the first week of life, the faecal flora was predominantly anaerobic represented by Bifidobacteriurn spp., Bacterioides spp. and Clostridium spp. The commonest facultative faecal flora were E. coli, which was isolated from all the babies, and Strept. faecalis isolated from 20 babies. Early gut colonization by GBS, Bacteroides spp. and Clostridium spp. was noticed in more babies delivered vaginally than by caesarean section where colonization by these bacteria was relatively delayed. The use of prophylactic penicillin plus gentamicin in the special neonatal unit probably prevented systemic spread of any of the potential opportunistic pathogens during the study.
9
Abdalla, N. M., W. O. Haimour, A. A. Osman, M. A. Sarhan, and H. A. Musaa. "Antibiotics Sensitivity Profile Towards Staphylococcus hominis in Assir Region of Saudi Arabia." Journal of Scientific Research 5, no. 1 (December 29, 2012): 171–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jsr.v5i1.11704.
Full textAbstract:
Staphylococcus hominis is a Gram-positive, spherical cells in clusters and coagulase-negative bacterial. It commonly occurs as a harmless commensal on human skin, occasionally causes nosocomial or community acquired infection specially in immuno-compromised patients. Nowadays almost all Staphylococcus species have multidrug resistance. In this study, a total of ten out of one hundred fifty nasal swabs at Assir Central Hospital General Lab during the period of April 2011- July 2011 proved to be Staphylococcus spp. and identified as Staphylococcus hominis patients of different sex and age groups with variable systemic infections (e.g. RTI, UTI, CNS). The samples were tested by bactech, culture media, antibiotics sensitivity using diffusion disc test (MIC) and molecular polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for confirmation of Staphylococcal species and detection of the Mec A gene. Clinical, demographic and laboratory data were collected and analyzed by SPSS. Drugs found to be resistant to all patients were penicillin, erythromycin, ampicillin, cifoxine and carbinicillin. Whereas cotrimexazole, amikacine and vancomycine were sensitive to all patients. Only 10% of patients were sensitive to methotrexate and cefaclor. Drugs that showed variable sensitivity pattern among patients were tetracyclin, fucidin, augmentin, gentamycin and ciprofloxacin.© 2013 JSR Publications. ISSN: 2070-0237 (Print); 2070-0245 (Online). All rights reserved.doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jsr.v5i1.11704 J. Sci. Res. 5 (1), 171-183 (2013)
10
Turko, Ia, and V. Ushkalov. "Biofilm-forming ability of coccus forms of the caecal microflora of laying hens when using the probiotic and nanonutrition cobalt." Scientific Messenger of LNU of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnologies 20, no. 87 (April 26, 2018): 60–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/nvlvet8712.
Full textAbstract:
The use of the feed supplement on the basis of probiotic microorganisms of the genus Lactobacillus in combination with nano-cobalt preparations in a dose of 0.08 mg/kg liveweight in laying hens caused the most significant reduction in the proportion of cow's forms of the microflora of the colon (Staphylococcus spp., Enterococcus spp., Streptococcus spp.) that formed high-density biofilms by increasing the percentage of these microorganisms with low and medium biofilm-forming ability. After 14 days of use of probiotic and nanocobalt at a dose of 0.08 mg/kg, an increase in the percentage of Staphylococcus spp. microorganisms, which formed low and medium density biofilms, respectively, was 7.2 and 18.2%, due to the reduction of those with high biofilm formation ability. Such a redistribution of the ability of the studied microorganisms to form a biofilm remained after 28 days of the experiment. However, the number of microorganisms of Staphylococcus spp., which formed low density biofilms, was maximum i.e. 46.2%. Instead, the number of microorganisms of Staphylococcus spp., which formed high density biofilms, was minimal and amounted to 12.6%. The indicated trend persists after the end of application of the additive after 14 days. When using probiotic and nano-cobalt at a dose of 0.08 mg/kg, the highest reliability (Р < 0.001) of changes in the bio-film-forming ability of microorganisms Enterococcus spp. was established, namely, its reduction. At the same time, the percentage of microorganisms that formed low-density biofilms was the highest in 28 days of use (by 5.1%) and 14 days after the end of feeding of the additive (by 7.1%). At the same time, the percentage of microorganisms Enterococcus spp. with a high biofilm-forming ability gradually decreased and reached a minimum of 28 days of the experiment (5.6%). On the 14th day after stopping the feeding of the supplement, it reached 9.8%. With an increase in the dose of nanocobalt up to 0.8 mg/kg, significant changes were observed only on the 28th day of feeding and 14 days after the end of the feeding of the feed additive, namely: a decrease in the number of microorganisms Enterococcus spp. with a high biofilm production capacity of 3.4% and 4.8%, respectively. Regarding microorganisms of Streptococcus spp. the most visible effect could be observed with the use of probiotic in a complex with nano-cobalt in a dose of 0.08 mg/kg, namely: by 17.4%, the number of microorganisms with high bio-plating ability with a gradual increase in the percentage of those that had a low (10.2%) and average (by 7.2%) biofilm capacity. After the application of the suppressant was discontinued for 14 days, the corrected changes were maintained.
11
Yang, Shu-Er, Roch-Chui Yu, and Cheng-Chun Chou. "Influence of holding temperature on the growth and survival of Salmonella spp. and Staphylococcus aureus and the production of staphylococcal enterotoxin in egg products." International Journal of Food Microbiology 63, no. 1-2 (January 2001): 99–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0168-1605(00)00416-5.
Full text
12
Perez Guerra, Uri, Manuel Perez Durand, Lourdes Limache Mamani, Vilma Condori Villegas, Rassiel Macedo Sucari, Eloy Condori Chuchi, Oscar Orós Butrón, Saul Espinoza Molina, and María Ignacia Carretero. "Evaluation of fertility and subfertility in adult alpacas and tuis using ultrasonography, endometrial cytology and bacterial isolation." SPERMOVA 10, no. 2 (December 31, 2020): 57–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.18548/aspe/0008.09.
Full textAbstract:
The objective of this study was to compare the uterine health between fertile, sub-fertile alpacas and tuis using transrectal ultrasonography, endometrial cytology and bacterial isolation. A total 10 tuis (young mature females without breeding with average age of 1.5 years) and 20 adult alpacas of the Suri breed were used. In turn, the adult females were divided into two groups of 10 animals each according to their reproductive history: fertile group (parturition every year) and sub-fertile group (1 to 2 years without pregnancy). In all females, the thickness of the cervix and uterine horns was determined by transrectal ultrasonography. On the other hand, endometrial cytology and bacterial isolation were performed from samples obtained by uterine flushing. A Kruskal-Wallis and a Chi-square tests were used to compare ultrasonography and cytology groups. A greater thickness of the cervix and both uterine horns (p˂0,05) was observed in the fertile alpacas with respect to the sub-fertile and tuis. The percentage of PMN in tuis and sub-fertile alpacas was < 2%, while in fertile alpacas the percentage of PMN were: 6 animals with < 2% PMN, 2 animals with 2-5% PMN and two other alpacas with > 5% PMN. The bacteria isolated were: Bacillus lechiniformis and Escherichia coli in the three groups studied, Staphylococcus saprophyticus and Bacillus cereus in tuis and fertile alpacas, Staphylococcus aureus in tuis and sub-fertile, Bacillus spp. and Micrococcus spp. in fertile and sub-fertile alpacas, Bacillus lactic acid, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Citrobacter spp. in fertile alpacas, Enterococcus spp., Bacillus subtilis and Klebsiella spp. in sub-fertile and Enterobacter spp. in tuis. The low percentage of PMN in endometrial cytology in sub-fertile alpacas would indicate the absence of endometritis at the time of the study. However, the lower thickness of the cervix and uterine horns observed in sub-fertile alpacas suggest that it would be necessary to perform uterine biopsies in order to evaluate if there is any association between the thickness of the uterine wall and the presence of degenerative and/or inflammatory changes observed on histopathological examination.
13
Perez Guerra, Uri, Manuel Perez Durand, Lourdes Limache Mamani, Vilma Condori Villegas, Rassiel Macedo Sucari, Eloy Condori Chuchi, Oscar Orós Butrón, Saul Espinoza Molina, and María Ignacia Carretero. "Evaluation of fertility and subfertility in adult alpacas and tuis using ultrasonography, endometrial cytology and bacterial isolation." SPERMOVA 10, no. 2 (December 31, 2020): 57–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.18548/aspe/0008.09.
Full textAbstract:
The objective of this study was to compare the uterine health between fertile, sub-fertile alpacas and tuis using transrectal ultrasonography, endometrial cytology and bacterial isolation. A total 10 tuis (young mature females without breeding with average age of 1.5 years) and 20 adult alpacas of the Suri breed were used. In turn, the adult females were divided into two groups of 10 animals each according to their reproductive history: fertile group (parturition every year) and sub-fertile group (1 to 2 years without pregnancy). In all females, the thickness of the cervix and uterine horns was determined by transrectal ultrasonography. On the other hand, endometrial cytology and bacterial isolation were performed from samples obtained by uterine flushing. A Kruskal-Wallis and a Chi-square tests were used to compare ultrasonography and cytology groups. A greater thickness of the cervix and both uterine horns (p˂0,05) was observed in the fertile alpacas with respect to the sub-fertile and tuis. The percentage of PMN in tuis and sub-fertile alpacas was < 2%, while in fertile alpacas the percentage of PMN were: 6 animals with < 2% PMN, 2 animals with 2-5% PMN and two other alpacas with > 5% PMN. The bacteria isolated were: Bacillus lechiniformis and Escherichia coli in the three groups studied, Staphylococcus saprophyticus and Bacillus cereus in tuis and fertile alpacas, Staphylococcus aureus in tuis and sub-fertile, Bacillus spp. and Micrococcus spp. in fertile and sub-fertile alpacas, Bacillus lactic acid, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Citrobacter spp. in fertile alpacas, Enterococcus spp., Bacillus subtilis and Klebsiella spp. in sub-fertile and Enterobacter spp. in tuis. The low percentage of PMN in endometrial cytology in sub-fertile alpacas would indicate the absence of endometritis at the time of the study. However, the lower thickness of the cervix and uterine horns observed in sub-fertile alpacas suggest that it would be necessary to perform uterine biopsies in order to evaluate if there is any association between the thickness of the uterine wall and the presence of degenerative and/or inflammatory changes observed on histopathological examination.
14
Cheng, Wei Nee, and Sung Gu Han. "Bovine mastitis: risk factors, therapeutic strategies, and alternative treatments — A review." Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences 33, no. 11 (November 1, 2020): 1699–713. http://dx.doi.org/10.5713/ajas.20.0156.
Full textAbstract:
Bovine mastitis, an inflammation of the mammary gland, is the most common disease of dairy cattle causing economic losses due to reduced yield and poor quality of milk. The etiological agents include a variety of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, and can be either contagious (e.g., Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus agalactiae, Mycoplasma spp.) or environmental (e.g., Escherichia coli, Enterococcus spp., coagulase-negative Staphylococcus, Streptococcus uberis). Improving sanitation such as enhanced milking hygiene, implementation of post-milking teat disinfection, maintenance of milking machines are general measures to prevent new cases of mastitis, but treatment of active mastitis infection is dependant mainly on antibiotics. However, the extensive use of antibiotics increased concerns about emergence of antibiotic-resistant pathogens and that led the dairy industries to reduce the use of antibiotics. Therefore, alternative therapies for prevention and treatment of bovine mastitis, particularly natural products from plants and animals, have been sought. This review provides an overview of bovine mastitis in the aspects of risk factors, control and treatments, and emerging therapeutic alternatives in the control of bovine mastitis.
15
Grabowski, N. T., and G. Klein. "Microbiological analysis of raw edible insects." Journal of Insects as Food and Feed 3, no. 1 (March 25, 2017): 7–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/jiff2016.0004.
Full textAbstract:
Relatively little is known about the microbiological quality of edible insects. In Germany, living insects are also bought from pet shops, rededicating thus a feedstuff to a foodstuff. A preliminary survey was conducted to assess the microbiological quality of these animals. Samples of raw insects (Acheta domesticus, Gryllus assimilis, Gryllus bimaculatus, Locusta migratoria, Blabtica dubia, Galleria mellonella, Chilecomadia moorei, Pachnoda marginata, Tenebrio molitor, Zophobas atratus, and Apis mellifera) from pet shops were analysed using classical food hygiene parameters (total aerobial mesophilic bacterial count (TBC), Enterobacteriaceae count (EC), staphylococci (SC), bacilli (BC), yeasts and moulds counts (YMC), salmonellae, Escherichia coli, and Listeria monocytogenes). They were also inoculated on blood agar for specific microbial identification. Merged samples were taken from living animals (n=39), dead ones (n=7), and the bedding material (n=16) of the boxes they were sold in. Geometric means per species variedbetween 5.7 and 7.5 (TBC), 5.5 and 7.3 (EC), ≤6.1 (SC), ≤5.6 (YMC), and 3.5 and 7.2 lg cfu/g (BC), each displaying a individual microbial pattern. Dead animal values ranged above those of living ones, while bedding materials’ values could be higher or lower. From blood agar plates, coagulase-negative staphylococci, Enterobacteriaceae (typically Proteus spp. and Serratia liquefaciens), pseudomonads and fungi (e.g. Candida albicans, Issatchenkia orientalis, Geotrichum spp.) were isolated. All samples were free of salmonellae, E. coli, L. monocytogenes, and Staphylococcus aureus, complying thus with the food hygiene criteria recently issued by Belgium and the Netherlands. Process hygiene criteria however were not met entirely due to elevated TBC and EC. These high bacterial counts and the presence of many (opportunistic) pathogenic and spoiling agents found also typically in other foodstuffs create the need to heat insects thoroughly before consumption.
16
Pavan, Ana Claudia Lemes, Rafaella da Silva, Vanessa Kelly Capoia Vignoto, Marcos Ferrante, Patr�cia Marques Munhoz, and Sheila Rezler Wosiacki. "Detection of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococci (MRS) and Salmonella spp. in Consumer Egg Samples." American Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences 15, no. 3 (March 1, 2020): 220–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3844/ajavsp.2020.220.225.
Full text
17
Gączarzewicz, D., J. Udała, M. Piasecka, B. Błaszczyk, and T. Stankiewicz. "Bacterial Contamination of Boar Semen and its Relationship to Sperm Quality Preserved in Commercial Extender Containing Gentamicin Sulfate." Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences 19, no. 3 (September 1, 2016): 451–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pjvs-2016-0057.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract This study was designed to determine the degree and type of bacterial contamination in boar semen (79 ejaculates from Large White and Landrace boars) and its consequences for sperm quality during storage (27 extended semen samples, 16°C for five days) under practical conditions of artificial insemination (AI). The results revealed the presence of aerobic bacteria in 99% of the ejaculates (from 80 to 370 ×106 colony-forming units/mL). Most of the ejaculates contained two or three bacterial contaminants, while the Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, and Pseudomonas bacterial genera were most frequently isolated. Also detected were Enterobacter spp., Bacillus spp., Proteus spp., Escherichia coli, P. fluorescens, and P. aeruginosa. In general, the growth of certain bacterial types isolated prior to semen processing (Enterobacter spp., E. coli, P. fluorescens, and P. aeruginosa) was not discovered on different days of storage, but fluctuations (with a tendency towards increases) were found in the frequencies of Bacillus spp., Pseudomonas spp., and Staphylococcus spp. isolates up to the end of storage. Semen preserved for five days exhibited decreases in sperm motility and increases in the average number of total aerobic bacteria; this was associated with sperm agglutination, plasma membrane disruption, and acrosome damage. We inferred that, due to the different degrees and types of bacterial contaminants in the boar ejaculates, the inhibitory activity of some antimicrobial agents used in swine extenders (such as gentamicin sulfate) may be limited. Because such agents can contribute to the overgrowth of certain aerobic bacteria and a reduction in the quality of stored semen, procedures with high standards of hygiene and microbiological control should be used when processing boar semen.
18
BOZDOĞAN, Bülent, Ömer YILDIZ, Erman ORYAŞIN, Sevin KIRDAR, Burçin GÜLCÜ, Orhan AKTEPE, Uğur ARSLAN, et al. "t030 is the Most Common spa Type Among Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Strains Isolated from Turkish Hospitals." Mikrobiyoloji Bulteni 47, no. 4 (October 30, 2013): 571–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.5578/mb.5770.
Full text
19
Wurm, Philipp, Bettina Halwachs-Wenzl, Karl Kashofer, Dirk von Lewinski, Florian Eisner, Robert Krause, Gregor Gorkiewicz, and Christoph Hoegenauer. "2575. Dramatic Time-Dependent Changes of Bacterial and Fungal Taxonomic Signatures in 4 Body Regions of ICU Patients." Open Forum Infectious Diseases 6, Supplement_2 (October 2019): S895. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofz360.2253.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Background It has been hypothesized that intensive care unit (ICU)-related complications like nosocomial pneumonia or gastrointestinal dysfunction are associated with disturbances of normal host microorganisms. However, these alterations are largely unknown in ICU patients. The bacterio- and mycobiota in 4 body regions in 14 ICU patients was investigated after admission until death or discharge to other wards. Methods Medical ICU patients were sampled with pharyngeal swabs, endotracheal aspirates, gastric secretions and stools or rectal swabs (in constipated patients). V1-V2 (16S rRNA gene) and eukaryoitic ITS sequencing was performed as previously described as well as denoizing, transformation into amplicon sequence variants and analysis using qiime2 and LEfSe (LDA Score > 3.0, P-value < 0.05). For sequence classification databases SILVA 132 (16S) and UNITE version 7.2 (ITS) were used. Results Samples were obtained at multiple time points from day 1 up to day 47 with a median of 11 samples per patient (range 2 to 17). In 11 patients all intended body regions were sampled (stool was missing in two patients and gastric secretion in two patients). The length of ICU stay and number of antibiotics administered during ICU stay was associated with loss of diversity in all investigated body sites. Taxonomic profiling showed a significant reduction of physiological members from the oral and fecal microbial community (e.g., Clostridiales, Bacteroidales, Faecalibacterium spp. etc.) after 2 weeks at the ICU. In contrast, Enterococcus spp. and Staphylococcus spp. were enriched in the gastric and fecal microbiota. Candida spp. dominated fungal communities of all body sites investigated. Staphylococcus aureus was associated with ITS positive, Candida spp. dominated samples throughout all body sites, while Pseudomonas aeruginosa was associated with ITS-negative samples. Conclusion The length of the ICU stay and the number of different antibiotics administered during the stay at the ICU are associated with severe intestinal dysbiosis, determined by loss of physiological microbes, decreased bacterial richness and domination of low-diversity fecal microbiota. Early colonization of Candida spp. might favor a co-existance of a Staphylococcus spp.-dominated microbiota in the ICU. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.
20
Singh, Soumya, Rohit Kumar, and Mrinmoy Sarma. "Microbiological surveillance of operation theatre’s and intensive care units in a tertiary care hospital in NCR region, New Delhi." International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences 9, no. 1 (December 28, 2020): 204. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20205845.
Full textAbstract:
Background: Harbouring of potential pathogens in operation theatres (OTs) and intensive care units (ICUs) of hospital is a major cause of patient’s morbidity and mortality. Environmental monitoring by the microbiological testing of surfaces and equipments is useful to detect changing trends of types and counts of microbial flora. High level of microbial contamination indicates the needs for periodic surveillance aimed at early detection of bacterial contamination levels and prevention of hospital acquired infections.Methods: During a period of 6 months from January 2019 to June 2019, Air sampling from Operation theaters and Intensive care units were done by settle plate method. Swabs were taken from different sites and equipments and bacterial species were isolated and identified from them.Results: A total of 1410 samples were collected from various sites of Operation theaters and Intensive care units over a period of 6 months in which 960 were surface samples and 450 were air samples. Out of 960 surface samples, 95(9.89%) and out of 450 air samples, 90 (20%) were bacterial positive. Isolated organism was divided into normal flora (CONS, Micrococci), contaminant (bacillus species) and pathogenic organism e.g. Staphylococcus aureus, Acinetobacter spp., Pseudomonas spp etc. Out of those 30 (16.20%) CONS, 50 (27.02%) Micrococci, 75 (40.50%) Bacillus spp, 16 (8.6%) Staphylococcus aureus, 1(0.54%) Acinetobacter spp, 2 (1.08%) Pseudomonas spp, 4 (2.16%) Klebsiella, 7 (3.78%) Escherichia coli were isolated.Conclusions: Strengthening surveillance and laboratory capacity will surely enhance infection prevention and control. Routine sampling is strongly recommended for increasing awareness to identify and control all possible sources and types of infections.
21
Nazarchuk, Oleksandr A., Vasyl I. Nahaichuk, Neonila I. Osadchuk, Dmytro V. Dmytriiev, Kostiantyn D. Dmytriiev, and Oksana S. Turzhanska. "PROGNOSTIC PARAMETERS OF THE SUSCEPTIBILITY OF STAPHYLOCOCCUS SPP. TO AMINOGLYCOSIDES AND DOXYCYCLINE." Wiadomości Lekarskie 73, no. 8 (2020): 1615–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.36740/wlek202008105.
Full textAbstract:
The aim: To perform microbiological investigation and analytic mathematic prediction of clinical isolates of S. aureus to aminoglycosides in patients with severe burns. Materials and methods: We analyzed resistance of 199 S. aureus strains to aminoglycosides (gentamicin, tobramycin and amikacin) and doxycycline from 435 patients treated in the regional hospital due to burns for the period from 2011-2017. Results: We created predictive curves for the prediction of susceptibility of S. aureus strains to aminoglycosides and doxycycline based on the changes in S. aureus resistance during the years of observation and expressed in mathematic equations. Susceptibility of S. aureus to gentamicin was 42.86 % at the end of observation and will decline in future. Despite tobramycin was efficient against 72.86 % of strains in 2017, mathematic modeling indicates rapid decline in its efficacy in future. Efficacy of amikacin was dropping during the last years, but according to the equation it efficacy will increase over 60 % in 2018. S. aureus susceptibility to doxycycline was 65.38 % in 2017 and mathematic modeling indicates its gradual decline in the nearest future. Conclusions: Predicitive values of S. aureus susceptibility indicates not sufficient efficacy of these drugs in patients with infectious complications of burns. Tendency of the slight decline of S. aureus susceptibility to doxycycline still indicates sufficient levels of its efficacy in the nearest future. This justify its use as a second-line therapy with the causative agent in patients with burns.
22
Vidal Júnior, Permínio Oliveira, Ryzia de Cassia Vieira Cardoso, and Larissa Santos Assunção. "Quail egg safety and trade on beaches of Salvador (BA): a study from a child labor perspective." Revista de Nutrição 26, no. 4 (August 2013): 419–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1415-52732013000400004.
Full textAbstract:
OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to describe the trade and microbiological quality of boiled quail eggs on the waterfront of Salvador , Bahia, Brazil, from the child labor perspective. METHODS: This cross-sectional study administered semi-structured questionnaires to 40 underage vendors and performed the microbiological assessment of 40 quail egg samples as follows: mesophilic aerobic microorganism count, coagulase-positive staphylococcus count, estimation of the most probable number of total and thermotolerant coliforms/Escherichia coli, and testing for Salmonella spp.. The results were compared with the standards provided by the Resolution RDC nº 12/2001, National Sanitary Surveillance Agency. RESULTS: The vendors were mostly female (57.5%) students (95.0%) aged 8 to 17 years. The most common reason for working was supplementation of the family income (57.5%). The mean gross income was R$38.31/day. Most of them presented inadequate personal hygiene but they recognized that foods could cause diseases. Many (47.5%) vendors reported washing their hands up to twice daily. Mean mesophilic aerobic microorganism and coagulase-positive staphylococcus counts were 2.43 and 2.01 log colony-forming unit/g, respectively, and the estimated thermotolerant coliform contamination was 0.98 log most probable number/g. Escherichia coli was found in 15.0% of the samples and none contained Salmonella spp. Most (55.0%) samples were noncompliant with the legislation. CONCLUSION: The results evidenced the presence of minors selling quail eggs on beaches of Salvador and suggest risk to consumers' health because of the detected contamination and vendors' ignorance of principles of hygiene.
23
Paul, Mitun Kumar, Baishakhi Islam, and KM Reza Ul Haq. "Antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of pathogenic bacteria of Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media (CSOM) patients through culture and sensitivity in a tertiary level hospital in Khulna." Mediscope 7, no. 1 (May 17, 2020): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/mediscope.v7i1.47133.
Full textAbstract:
Background: Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media (CSOM) is a chronic disease associated with irreversible consequences and serious intracranial and extracranial complications. Thereby early & effective treatment must be needed to avoid such complications.
Objectives: This study was carried out to know antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of pathogenic bacteria through culture and sensitivity for better management and to reduce resistance & morbidity due to CSOM.
Methods: After taking proper approval from hospital administration, this study was conducted on 82 patients of clinically diagnosed cases of both Tubo-tympanic & Attico-antral variety of CSOM attending ENT OPD of Gazi Medical College Hospital, Khulna from January 2018 to June 2018. After proper sample collection by sterile aural swabs, they were immediately sent to the microbiology laboratory of Gazi Medical College Hospital, Khulna for bacterial culture, isolation and identification. Routine antibacterial susceptibility was done as per CLSI guidelines. SPSS 18.0 was used for statistical analysis.
Results: The commonest pathogens isolated were Staphylococci, Coagulase Negative Staphylococci (CONS), Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella spp. & others; mostly showing susceptibility to high end antibiotics like Ceftriaxone and Amoxiclav for staphylococcal infection & piperacillin-tazobactum for Pseudomonal infection.
Conclusion: Antibiotic sensitivity pattern determines the prevalent bacterial organism causing CSOM to start empirical treatment for a successful outcome, and thus to prevent the emergence of resistant strains.
Mediscope Vol. 7, No. 1: Jan 2020, Page 1-6
24
Freitas Ribeiro, Laryssa, Rafael Akira Sato, Andressa de Souza Pollo, Gabriel Augusto Marques Rossi, and Luiz Augusto do Amaral. "Occurrence of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus spp. on Brazilian Dairy Farms that Produce Unpasteurized Cheese." Toxins 12, no. 12 (December 8, 2020): 779. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins12120779.
Full textAbstract:
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus spp. (MRS) have been identified in several foods, including dairy products. Studies are needed about their occurrence and genetic diversity in the dairy production chain in order to gain a better understanding of their epidemiology and control. This study therefore focuses on isolating and characterizing MRS strains detected in milk used in the production of Brazilian artisanal unpasteurized cheeses. To this end, samples were collected from bovine feces, the hands of milkmen, milking buckets, sieves, unpasteurized milk, whey, water, artisanal unpasteurized cheeses, cheese processing surfaces, cheese handlers, cheese trays, cheese molds, and skimmers at five dairy farms located in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. Colonies suggestive of Staphylococcus spp. were subjected to multiplex PCR to confirm the presence of Staphylococcus aureus and to detect the mecA gene. Sixteen isolates containing mecA gene were detected in samples from unpasteurized cheese and from cheese handlers. None of these isolates were positive to enterotoxin genes. These 16 isolates were subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility tests, which revealed they were resistant to oxacillin, penicillin, and cefepime. Using gene sequencing, the MRS isolates were identified as S. haemolyticus, S. hominis, and S. epidermidis. Furthermore, isolates from cheese handlers’ hands and artisanal unpasteurized cheese presented high genetic similarity by random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD-PCR) analysis, which indicates cross contamination during cheese production. Thus, we found that people directly involved in milking and cheese processing activities at small dairy farms are a potential source of contamination of MRS strains in unpasteurized milk and cheese, representing a risk to public health.
25
van Wamel, Willem J. B., Suzan H. M. Rooijakkers, Maartje Ruyken, Kok P. M. van Kessel, and Jos A. G. van Strijp. "The Innate Immune Modulators Staphylococcal Complement Inhibitor and Chemotaxis Inhibitory Protein of Staphylococcus aureus Are Located on β-Hemolysin-Converting Bacteriophages." Journal of Bacteriology 188, no. 4 (February 15, 2006): 1310–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.188.4.1310-1315.2006.
Full textAbstract:
ABSTRACT Two newly discovered immune modulators, chemotaxis inhibitory protein of Staphylococcus aureus (CHIPS) and staphylococcal complement inhibitor (SCIN), cluster on the conserved 3′ end of β-hemolysin (hlb)-converting bacteriophages (βC-φs). Since these βC-φs also carry the genes for the immune evasion molecules staphylokinase (sak) and enterotoxin A (sea), this 8-kb region at the 3′ end of βC-φ represents an innate immune evasion cluster (IEC). By PCR and Southern analyses of 85 clinical Staphylococcus aureus strains and 5 classical laboratory strains, we show that 90% of S. aureus strains carry a βC-φ with an IEC. Seven IEC variants were discovered, carrying different combinations of chp, sak, or sea (or sep), always in the same 5′-to-3′ orientation and on the 3′ end of a βC-φ. From most IEC variants we could isolate active bacteriophages by mitomycin C treatment, of which lysogens were generated in S. aureus R5 (broad phage host). All IEC-carrying bacteriophages integrated into hlb, as was measured by Southern blotting of R5 lysogens. Large quantities of the different bacteriophages were obtained by mitomycin C treatment of the lysogens, and bacteriophages were collected and used to reinfect all lysogenic R5 strains. In total, five lytic families were found. Furthermore, phage DNA was isolated and digested with EcoR1, revealing that one IEC variant can be found on different βI-φs. In conclusion, the four human-specific innate immune modulators SCIN, CHIPS, SAK, and SEA form an IEC that is easily transferred among S. aureus strains by a diverse group of β-hemolysin-converting bacteriophages.
26
EL-Bayoumi, Mervat M. "Antibacterial Activity of Yogurt Cheese Made from Barki Sheep Milk Supplemented with Olive Oil." European Journal of Agriculture and Food Sciences 3, no. 4 (August 31, 2021): 96–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejfood.2021.3.4.344.
Full textAbstract:
The purpose of this study was investigating the antibacterial effects of olive oil supplemented to cheese yoghurt made from Barki sheep milk, on the growth of some probiotic bacterial strains (Bifidobacterium bifidum (ATCC15708), Lactobacillus acidophilus (ATCC4356), Lactobacillus delbrueckii spp. bulgaricus (ATCC7995) and Streptococcus thermophilus (DSM20259) as well as some pathogenic bacterial strains. Results showed that olive oil (1%) had no effect on the growth of all probiotic bacterial strains used in Barki cheese yoghurt making. No yeasts, moulds, Enterobacteria spp and Staphylococcus spp were detected in cheese yoghurt containing olive oil (1%) through the entire storage period (21days). However, control treatment had Yeast and Moulds at the end of storage period. When four strains of pathogens were added to cheese yoghurt containing different probiotic bacteria and supplemented with olive oil (1%) then stored at 5C for 72hours, results revealed that E. coil (ACCT8739) was the most sensitive microorganism while, Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC6538) was the most resistant one. The antibacterial activity of cheese yoghurt supplemented with olive oil (1%) was higher than control treatment because olive oil supported the growth of Lactic acid bacteria. From these results, it is recommended that olive oil (1%) can be used as a natural and safe anti-microbial substance in Barki cheese yoghurt and other dairy products, and olive oil may well have the beneficial role in promoting probiotic bacteria and inhibiting harmful bacteria.
27
Xylia, Panayiota, George Botsaris, Panagiotis Skandamis, and Nikolaos Tzortzakis. "Expiration Date of Ready-to-Eat Salads: Effects on Microbial Load and Biochemical Attributes." Foods 10, no. 5 (April 25, 2021): 941. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods10050941.
Full textAbstract:
When minimally processed vegetables reach their expiration date, expose an increased microbial load. This includes mainly spoilage microorganisms but also foodborne pathogens, thus affecting the quality and safety of highly consumed ready-to-eat salads. A total of 144 ready-to-eat salads from the Cypriot market were analyzed in an attempt to determine the effects of the expiration date on the microbial load and plant metabolic variables of the salads. Possible correlations between them were also investigated for the first time. Furthermore, the impacts of the season (winter, summer), salad producing companies and type of salad and/or their interactions with the tested parameters were investigated. Results revealed that the microbial load (mainly spoilage microorganisms, such as Pseudomonas spp., yeasts and molds) increased towards the end of the shelf life. The microbial load was differentiated among the five salad producers and/or the salad types, highlighting the importance of a common and safe sanitation-processing chain in the preparation of ready-to-eat salads. Summer was the season in which Escherichia coli counts were found to be higher for plain lettuce, while Staphylococcus spp. was increased numbers for the lettuce+endive/radicchio, lettuce+rocket and lettuce+chives type of salads. Additionally, an increased Staphylococcus spp. was observed for plain rocket salads in winter. All samples examined were found negative for Salmonella enterica and Listeria monocytogenes. Moreover, carbon dioxide production and damage indexes (hydrogen peroxide and lipid peroxidation) increased on expiration date on both winter and summer seasons, indicating plant tissue stress at the end of shelf life. These findings indicate that the expiration date and relevant shelf life of processed vegetables are important parameters to be considered when postharvest management is applied to these products, ensuring safety and quality.
28
Mounier, Jérôme, Mary C. Rea, Paula M. O'Connor, Gerald F. Fitzgerald, and Timothy M. Cogan. "Growth Characteristics of Brevibacterium, Corynebacterium, Microbacterium, and Staphylococcus spp. Isolated from Surface-Ripened Cheese." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 73, no. 23 (October 5, 2007): 7732–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.01260-07.
Full textAbstract:
ABSTRACT The growth characteristics of five bacteria, Brevibacterium aurantiacum 1-16-58, Corynebacterium casei DPC 5298T, Corynebacterium variabile DPC 5310, Microbacterium gubbeenense DPC 5286T, and Staphylococcus saprophyticus 4E61, all of which were isolated from the surface of smear cheese, were studied in complex and chemically defined media. All of the coryneforms, except M. gubbeenense, grew in 12% salt, while B. aurantiacum and S. saprophyticus grew in 15% salt. All five bacteria assimilated lactate in a semisynthetic medium, and none of the coryneform bacteria assimilated lactose. Glucose assimilation was poor, except by S. saprophyticus and C. casei. Five to seven amino acids were assimilated by the coryneforms and 12 by S. saprophyticus. Glutamate, phenylalanine, and proline were utilized by all five bacteria, whereas utilization of serine, threonine, aspartate, histidine, alanine, arginine, leucine, isoleucine, and glycine depended on the organism. Growth of C. casei restarted after addition of glutamate, proline, serine, and lactate at the end of the exponential phase, indicating that these amino acids and lactate can be used as energy sources. Pantothenic acid was essential for the growth of C. casei and M. gubbeenense. Omission of biotin reduced the growth of B. aurantiacum, C. casei, and M. gubbeenense. All of the bacteria contained lactate dehydrogenase activity (with both pyruvate and lactate as substrates) and glutamate pyruvate transaminase activity but not urease activity.
29
Kamona, Zaid K., and Amer H. H. Alzobaay. "EFFECT OF ESSENTIAL OIL EXTRACT FROM LEMONGRASS (Cymbopogon citratus) LEAVES ON VAIABILITY OF SOME PATHOGENIC BACTERIA AND SENSORY PROPERTIES OF FISH BALLS." IRAQI JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES 52, no. 2 (April 19, 2021): 268–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.36103/ijas.v52i2.1288.
Full textAbstract:
Lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus) plant belongs to the Gramineae family. Lemongrass leaves essential oils were extracted by Clevenger method, antibacterial, MIC and MBC were evaluated against some gram positive and gram negative bacteria. Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, and micrococcus spp., recorded high sensitivity to essential oil with inhibition zone reached (40, 32, and 28) mm respectively. While Pseudomonas spp., Salmonella typhimurium, and Escherichia coli recorded (20, 20, and 22) mm respectively. MIC and MBC values reached (3, 6.5) % respectively for gram-positive bacteria and (25,50) % respectively for gram-negative bacteria. C.citratus leaves essential oil showed superior efficiency in reduction count of total microorganisms, coliform bacteria, psychrotrophic bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus, and molds and yeasts, as well as the elongated shelf life for 15 days of fish balls treated with (5,10) µl\gram of essential oil under refrigerated storage compared with control treatment ( no oil added) which excluded for test after 6 days of refrigerated storage because microbial load and bad quality. Fish balls samples Lg10 (treated with 10µl\g of essential oil) gained best sensorial properties of color, texture, flavor, taste and overall acceptability were recorded 9/9 at the end of storage compared with treatment Lg5 (5µl\g essential oil added) which gained acceptable sensorial score through refrigerated storage periods.
30
Zaveri, Anurag D., Dilip N. Zaveri, and Lakshmi Bhaskaran. "Molecular Characterization of Isolated Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria from Tertiary Care Hospitals of Ahmedabad: A Comparison Study Between Previous to COVID-19 and Current Scenario." Journal of Pure and Applied Microbiology 15, no. 2 (May 28, 2021): 797–802. http://dx.doi.org/10.22207/jpam.15.2.33.
Full textAbstract:
Hospital Acquired Infections (HAIs) are a significant concern for healthcare setups, as it increases the overall cost of treatment, patients stay in hospitals, making them susceptible to secondary and tertiary infections and, sometimes, mortality1. To prevent or control HAIs, evaluating the organisms isolated from the critically maintained areas is considered of epitome importance and everlasting practice in the healthcare industry. Identifying such organisms and screening them for antibiotic resistance is mandatory, but it also helps professionals understand colonization trends. Sensitive areas of healthcare setups were screened monthly from years 2017 to 2020. A total of 4400 samples of hospital hygiene, e.g., intravenous drip stands, ventilator surface, anesthetist’s trolley, patient’s bed, instrument trolley, etcetera, were collected. Isolated organisms were cultured and screened using the CLSI technique. E. coli, Pseudomonas spp., and Klebsiella spp. were found in both previous to COVID current samples. Multidrug-resistant organisms were subjected to molecular characterization to detect the presence of carbapenem genes. Evaluation data of both pre-and during Coronavirus Disease or COVID-19 were compared. The prevalence of pathogenic (Klebsiella spp., E. coli, and Pseudomonas spp.) and non-pathogenic (Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus spp.) strains in healthcare setups decreased drastically (Klebsiella spp. from 80% to 20%, E.coli from 90% to 10% and Pseudomonas spp. from 80% to 20%). It is possible only because of the awareness in non-specialists and healthcare workers due to the unforeseen critical situation proving to be a blessing for the future generation.
31
Gao, Jinxin, and George C. Stewart. "Regulatory Elements of the Staphylococcus aureus Protein A (Spa) Promoter." Journal of Bacteriology 186, no. 12 (June 15, 2004): 3738–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.186.12.3738-3748.2004.
Full textAbstract:
ABSTRACT Staphylococcal protein A (Spa) is an important virulence factor of Staphylococcus aureus. Transcription of the spa determinant occurs during the exponential growth phase and is repressed when the cells enter the postexponential growth phase. Regulation of spa expression has been found to be complicated, with regulation involving multiple factors, including Agr, SarA, SarS, SarT, Rot, and MgrA. Our understanding of how these factors work on the spa promoter to regulate spa expression is incomplete. To identify regulatory sites within the spa promoter, analysis of deletion derivatives of the promoter in host strains deficient in one or more of the regulatory factors was undertaken, and several critical features of spa regulation were revealed. The transcriptional start sites of spa were determined by primer extension. The spa promoter sequences were subcloned in front of a promoterless chloramphenicol acetyltransferase reporter gene. Various lengths of spa truncations with the same 3′ end were constructed, and the resultant plasmids were transduced into strains with different regulatory genetic backgrounds. Our results identified upstream promoter sequences necessary for Agr system regulation of spa expression. The cis elements for SarS activity, an activator of spa expression, and for SarA activity, a repressor of spa expression, were identified. The well-characterized SarA consensus sequence on the spa promoter was found to be insufficient for SarA repression of the spa promoter. Full repression required the presence of a second consensus site adjacent to the SarS binding site. Sequences directly upstream of the core promoter sequence were found to stimulate transcription.
32
Bangieva, D. "Microbiological and physicochemical changes during ripening in Bulgarian white brined cheese made from raw cow milk." BULGARIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY MEDICINE 23, no. 4 (2020): 494–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.15547/bjvm.2019-0009.
Full textAbstract:
The main microbiological hazards of raw milk cheese are associated with Listeria monocytogenes, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Due to its high nutritional value, cheese is an excellent medium for the growth of these pathogens. This study was aimed to observe microbial dynamics of Bulgarian white brined cheese during cheese production and ripening. Microbiological analysis included determination of Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria spp. and Escherichia coli counts. Some physicochemical parameters, such as total titratable acidity, sodium chloride content, water activity and pH were also examined. Results revealed statistically significant increase in bacterial counts after cheesemaking steps and decrease at the end of the ripening period. Listeria monocytogenes was not detected in any of the cheese samples. Raw milk cheese was of unsatisfactory quality that emphasises the need for applying and maintaining good hygiene practices along the food chain to prevent microbial contamination and growth
33
SINAM, Yoirentomba Meetei, Sanjeev KUMAR, Sachin HAJARE, Satyendra GAUTAM, Guruaribam SHANTIBALA, and Arun SHARMA. "Morpho-phenological and Antibacterial Characteristics of Aconitum spp." Notulae Scientia Biologicae 5, no. 2 (May 28, 2013): 189–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/nsb529058.
Full textAbstract:
Aconitum species have been traditionally used as ethnomedicine to cure various ailments. The present study reveals the morpho-phenology and antibacterial property of alkaloid extracts of the two Aconitum species. The morpho-phenological characteristics will be helpful for determining the resource availability. Aconitum nagarum is erect type, whereas, Aconitum elwesii is a climber. Aconitum elwesii grows in advance of A. nagarum in terms of growth, flowering and senescence. Towards the end of the year, when the fruits have ripened, the parent tuber dies off. As a result, the daughter tuber becomes independent and in the following spring, takes over the function of the parent tuber. Aconitum nagarum and A. elwesii were found to contain 4-5 aconitine equivalent (AE) mg/g of alkaloid. These alkaloids showed antibacterial activity against different bacterial species including human pathogens, namely, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhimurium, Bordetella bronchiseptica, Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas putida, Pseudomonas fluorescence and Xanthomonas campestris. However, the extent of antibacterial activity varied among different bacterial species. The antibacterial activity against S. aureus, B. bronchiseptica, and B. subtilis was bactericidal in nature, whereas, against other tested bacterial species was bacteriostatic. Efficacy of the antibacterial activity of these alkaloids was evaluated by comparing with that of standard antibiotics. Differential localization of the antibacterial principle was observed among the Aconitum species studied.
34
Rosli, Saarah Huurieyah Wan, Chuan Hun Ding, and Asrul Abdul Wahab. "Aeromonas Hydrophilia as a Rare Cause of Septic Arthritis in a Hemodialysis Patient." Journal of Medicine 21, no. 2 (November 9, 2020): 113–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jom.v21i2.50217.
Full textAbstract:
Septic arthritis usually represents a direct invasion of joint space by various microorganisms, most commonly caused by bacteria. Most of the time, it is caused by Staphylococci spp. or Streptococci spp. This is a case of a 70-year-old Chinese man with underlying end stage renal failure on regular hemodialysis who presented with recurrent right shoulder pain and swelling. He was diagnosed with right shoulder septic arthritis whereby arthrotomy was performed. Intra-operative tissue specimen from his right shoulder grew Aeromonas hydrophilia which was susceptible to ceftriaxone, cefepime, ciprofloxacin, gentamicin and sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim. He was given intravenous cefepime for 21 days and discharged after treatment completed.
J MEDICINE JUL 2020; 21 (2) : 113-116
35
Yadav, Monika, Rohan Pal, Somorjit H. Sharma, and Sulochana D. Khumanthem. "Microbiological surveillance of operation theatre in a tertiary care hospital in North East India." International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences 5, no. 8 (July 26, 2017): 3448. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20173538.
Full textAbstract:
Background: Good hospital hygiene is an integral part of infection control programme. “Microbiological surveillance” provides data about the factors contributing to infection. Bacterial counts in operation theatres are influenced by number of individual present, ventilation and air flow methods. Purpose of the study is to find out prevalence rate of microorganisms in Operation Theatre, to find out the frequency of contamination from various sites in operation theatre.Methods: The study was conducted in the department of microbiology, Regional institute of medical sciences, Imphal, Manipur, India. Air samples were taken by settle plate method in petri dishes containing blood agar and surface samples were taken by a sterile swab soaked in nutrient broth from all operation theatres. The samples were processed according to standard operative procedures.Results: Least bacterial colony forming unit (CFU) was shown by ophthalmology OT 17 CFU/mm3 and highest was shown by emergency OT 200 CFU/mm3. Isolated organism was divided into normal flora (CONS, micrococci), contaminant (bacillus species) and pathogenic organism e.g. Staphylococcus aureus, Acinetobacter spp., Pseudomonas spp. 15 (23.4%) swab samples out of a total of 64 swab samples were found to be growth positive. Out of that 4 CONS, 4 micrococci, 3 Bacillus spp, 2 Acinetobacter spp, 1 Enterobacter spp, 1 Pseudomonas spp. were isolated.Conclusions: Strengthening surveillance and laboratory capacity will surely enhance infection prevention and control. Routine sampling is strongly recommended for increasing awareness to identify and control all possible sources and types of infections.
36
Gonçalves-Tenório, Andiara, Beatriz Silva, Vânia Rodrigues, Vasco Cadavez, and Ursula Gonzales-Barron. "Prevalence of Pathogens in Poultry Meat: A Meta-Analysis of European Published Surveys." Foods 7, no. 5 (May 3, 2018): 69. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods7050069.
Full textAbstract:
The objective of this study was to investigate and summarize the levels of incidence of Salmonella spp., Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus and Campylobacter spp. in poultry meat commercialized in Europe. After systematic review, incidence data and study characteristics were extracted from 78 studies conducted in 21 European countries. Pooled prevalence values from 203 extracted observations were estimated from random-effects meta-analysis models adjusted by pathogen, poultry type, sampling stage, cold preservation type, meat cutting type and packaging status. The results suggest that S. aureus is the main pathogen detected in poultry meat (38.5%; 95% CI: 25.4–53.4), followed by Campylobacter spp. (33.3%; 95% CI: 22.3–46.4%), while L. monocytogenes and Salmonella spp. present lower prevalence (19.3%; 95% CI: 14.4–25.3% and 7.10%; 95% CI: 4.60–10.8%, respectively). Despite the differences in prevalence, all pathogens were found in chicken and other poultry meats, at both end-processing step and retail level, in packed and unpacked products and in several meat cutting types. Prevalence data on cold preservation products also revealed that chilling and freezing can reduce the proliferation of pathogens but might not be able to inactivate them. The results of this meta-analysis highlight that further risk management strategies are needed to reduce pathogen incidence in poultry meat throughout the entire food chain across Europe, in particular for S. aureus and Campylobacter spp.
37
Syromyatnikov, Mikhail Y., Anastasia V. Kokina, Sergey A. Solodskikh, Anna V. Panevina, Evgeny S. Popov, and Vasily N. Popov. "High-Throughput 16S rRNA Gene Sequencing of Butter Microbiota Reveals a Variety of Opportunistic Pathogens." Foods 9, no. 5 (May 9, 2020): 608. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods9050608.
Full textAbstract:
Microbial contamination of dairy products with a high fat content (e.g., butter) has been studied insufficiently. No studies using modern molecular methods to investigate microbial communities in butter have been conducted so far. In this work, we used high-throughput sequencing and Sanger sequencing of individual bacterial colonies to analyze microbial content of commercially available butter brands. A total of 21 samples of commercially available butter brands were analyzed. We identified a total of 94 amplicon sequence variants corresponding to different microbial taxa. The most abundant lactic acid bacteria in butter were Lactobacillus kefiri, Lactobacillus parakefiri, Lactococcus taiwanensis and Lactococcus raffinolactis. A large amount of Streptococcus spp. bacteria (87.9% of all identified bacteria) was found in one of the butter samples. Opportunistic pathogens such as Bacillus cereus group, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Cronobacter spp., Escherichia coli, Listeria innocua, Citrobacter spp., Enterococcus spp., Klebsiella pneumonia were detected. The analyzed butter samples were most strongly contaminated with bacteria from the Bacillus cereus group, and to a lesser extent - with Cronobacter spp. and Enterococcus spp. The plating and Sanger sequencing of individual colonies revealed the presence of Enterobacter cloacae and Staphylococcus epidermidis. The Sanger sequencing also showed the presence of Cronobacter sakazakii in butter which can be dangerous for children under the age of 1 year. We demonstrated that butter is a good growth medium for opportunistic pathogenic bacteria. Our data indicate that despite the fact that butter is a dairy product with a long shelf life, it should be subjected to quality control for the presence of opportunistic bacteria.
38
SAMOURIS (Γ. ΣΑΜΟΥΡΗΣ), G., A. ZDRAGAS (Α. ΖΔΡΑΓΚΑΣ), G. VAFEAS (Γ. ΒΑΦΕΑΣ), and S. BELIBASAKI (Σ. ΜΠΕΛΙΜΠΑΣΑΚΗ). "Survival of pathogens in "Graviera Kritis" cheese made with raw and pasteurized milk." Journal of the Hellenic Veterinary Medical Society 62, no. 3 (November 10, 2017): 205. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/jhvms.14850.
Full textAbstract:
A field trial was carried out to investigate the hygienic status of Graviera 'Kritis' cheese made with raw and pasteurized milk. Graviera was manufactured in a small plant in Crete under traditional manufacturing conditions. Forty-two samples were examined during the manufacturing process for Colifoms, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella spp., Escherìchia coli 0157:H7 and VRE (Vancomycin Resistant Enterococci). All samples were negative for Salmonella spp., E. coli 0157:H7 and VRE. Populations of Colifoms and E. coli before cooking of the curd were 3 3.5 log10MPN/g higher in cheese made with raw milk in comparison to that made with pasteurized milk and populations of both bacteria decreased sharply during the aging period in both types of cheese. L. monocytogenes type 4b was isolated from the cheeses of two trials until after the salting period and remained under the detection limit of 100 cfu/g . At the end of the ripening period, all the examined bacteria were declined or eliminated to safe level.
39
Thompson, SM, M. Middleton, M. Farook, A. Cameron-Smith, S. Bone, and A. Hassan. "The effect of sterile versus non-sterile tourniquets on microbiological colonisation in lower limb surgery." Annals of The Royal College of Surgeons of England 93, no. 8 (November 2011): 589–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1308/147870811x13137608455334.
Full textAbstract:
INTRODUCTION Surgical tourniquets are commonplace in lower limb surgery. Several studies have shown that tourniquets can be a potential source of microbial contamination but have not compared the use of sterile versus non-sterile tourniquets in the same procedures. METHODS Patients undergoing elective orthopaedic lower limb surgery were randomised prospectively to use of non-sterile pneumatic tourniquet or sterile elastic exsanguination tourniquet (S-MART™, OHK Medical Devices, Haifa, Israel). Samples were taken from the ties of the non-sterile tourniquet prior to surgery and from the sterile tourniquets at the end of the operation in a sterile fashion. These were then sealed in universal containers and immediately analysed by the microbiology department on agar plates, cultured and incubated. RESULTS Thirty-four non-sterile tourniquets were sampled prior to surgical application, twenty-three of which were contaminated with sev-eral different organisms including coagulase-negative Staphylococcus spp, Staphylococcus aureus, Sphingomonas pau-cimobilis, Bacillus spp, and coliforms. Thirty-six sterile tourniquets were used, with no associated contamination. CONCLUSIONS There was significant contamination of 68% of orthopaedic surgical tourniquets. These are used regularly in proce-dures involving the placement of prosthesis and metalwork, and can act as a potential source of infection. We recommend the use of sterile single-use disposable tourniquets where possible. The availability of an alternative should now set the new standard of care and we rec-ommend adopting this as a current NICE guideline for control of surgical site infection.
40
PEXARA (Α. ΠΕΞΑΡΑ), A., N. SOLOMAKOS (Ν. ΣΟΛΩΜΑΚΟΣ), and A. GOVARIS (Α. ΓΚΟΒΑΡΗΣ). "Παρουσία ανθεκτικών στη μεθικιλίνη Staphylococcus aureus σε γάλα και γαλακτοκομικά προϊόντα." Journal of the Hellenic Veterinary Medical Society 64, no. 1 (December 18, 2017): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/jhvms.15449.
Full textAbstract:
Staphylococcus aureus is an opportunistic Gram positive pathogen and the causative agent of many human and animal diseases. It is also an important human foodborne pathogen. Certain strains of S. aureus can produce staphylococcal enterotoxins (SEs) in foods and cause staphylococcal food poisonings (SFP). In recent years S. aureus has been increasingly associated with antibiotic resistance. Methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) includes those strains that have acquired genes conferring resistance to methicillin and essentially all other beta lactamantibiotics. MRSA was initially reported as a nosocomial pathogen in human hospitals (or hospital-associated MRSA, HA-MRSA). Since the 1990s, community-acquired or community-associated MRSA (CA-MRSA) infections have also been reported to affect people having no epidemiological connection with hospitals. More recently, MRSA has been isolated from most food-producing animals and foods of animal origin, raising public health concerns. MRSA strains have been isolated from cows’ or small ruminants’ milk and various dairy products in many countries. The MRSA prevalence in milk and dairy products recorded in different countries or even regions of the same country differs significantly.High MRSA prevalence have been recorded in milk produced in most African countries, for instance as high as 60.3% in Ethiopia. The MRSA prevalence in Asian countries varies from high e.g. 28.3% in Iran to low (e.g. in Korea and Japan). In most European countries, the MRSA prevalence in milk and dairy products has been generally found to be low. In the US and Canada, zero to low MRSA prevalence estimates have been reported. The investigation of MRSA prevalence in milk may serve as a tool for assessing both the sanitary conditions employed in dairyherds and the health risks that humans may encounter when infected with antibiotic-resistant strains.
41
Rivas, Lucia, Beverley Horn, Roger Cook, and Marion Castle. "Microbiological Survey of Packaged Ready-to-Eat Red Meats at Retail in New Zealand." Journal of Food Protection 80, no. 11 (October 4, 2017): 1806–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-17-179.
Full textAbstract:
ABSTRACT A microbiological survey was undertaken on packaged ready-to-eat red meats available at retail in New Zealand. A total of 1,485 samples (297 lots of five samples each) were collected according to a sampling plan based on market share and regulatory regimes (Animal Products Act 1999 and Food Act 1981) and were tested against the microbiological limits specified in Food Standards Code (FSC) 1.6.1 applicable at the time of sampling. Each lot was tested as a composite for the presence or absence of Salmonella spp., coagulase-producing staphylococci, Listeria monocytogenes, and other Listeria spp. at the end of the manufacturer's stated shelf life. Individual samples within a positive lot were subsequently enumerated for L. monocytogenes. None of the samples contained Salmonella spp. or had coagulase-producing staphylococci counts above the acceptable level specified in FSC 1.6.1 (>100 CFU/g). Data showed that 93.6% (278 of 297 lots) of ready-to-eat red meat complied with the FSC 1.6.1 criteria applicable at the time of the survey. The failure of 19 lots (6.4%) was due to the presence of L. monocytogenes from product obtained from 8 of 33 producers tested. Thirteen samples of 95 positive samples were found to contain between 50 and 500 CFU/g L. monocytogenes, but all of these samples were manufactured by the same operator. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis typing of all of the L. monocytogenes isolates obtained from the survey identified 12 different pulsotypes. Different pulsotypes were often identified in samples from the same operator sampled on separate occasions. A total of 46 lots (15.5%) contained Listeria spp. (including L. monocytogenes). The detection of Listeria in samples may highlight the existence of problems in operator processing and/or packaging processes and suggests that improvements in good hygienic practice and implementation of more effective risk mitigation strategies are needed.
42
HEDDLESON, RONALD A., STEPHANIE DOORES, RAMASWAMY C. ANANTHESWARAN, and GERALD D. KUHN. "Viability Loss of Salmonella Species, Staphylococcus aureus, and Listeria monocytogenes in Complex Foods Heated by Microwave Energy." Journal of Food Protection 59, no. 8 (August 1, 1996): 813–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-59.8.813.
Full textAbstract:
The chemical composition of five foods (UHT milk, beef broth, pudding, cream sauce, and liquid whole egg) was examined to determine factors important in achieving uniform temperatures within foods heated in a 700 W microwave oven. Proximate analyses were performed on all food systems to relate their chemical composition to temperatures and to destruction of microwave-heated Salmonella species, Listeria monocytogenes Scott A and V7 and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923. Microwave heating times were chosen such that the final mixed mean temperature achieved by systems was 60°C for Salmonella spp. and L. monocytogenes, and 65°C for S. aureus. The amount of destruction of Salmonella spp. varied from 3.17 log CFU/ml in UHT milk to 0.44 log CFU/ml in beef broth. L. monocytogenes strains incurred the greatest amount of destruction in pudding (2.39 log CFU/g), while the least amount of destruction was observed in cream sauce (1.63 log CFU/ml). There were no significant differences in the amount of destruction of S. aureus heated in the five foods. The pH and aw of these foods did not affect survival of thermally stressed Salmonella, L. monocytogenes, or S. aureus cells. Of the food components examined, sodium content was the primary influence on the uniformity of temperatures achieved within foods, and, in turn, on the survival of bacteria.
43
Hascoët, Anne-Sophie, Carolina Ripolles-Avila, Alfons Eduard Guerrero-Navarro, and José Juan Rodríguez-Jerez. "Microbial Ecology Evaluation of an Iberian Pig Processing Plant through Implementing SCH Sensors and the Influence of the Resident Microbiota on Listeria monocytogenes." Applied Sciences 9, no. 21 (October 30, 2019): 4611. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9214611.
Full textAbstract:
There is a whole community of microorganisms capable of surviving the cleaning and disinfection processes in the food industry. These persistent microorganisms can enhance or inhibit biofilm formation and the proliferation of foodborne pathogens. Cleaning and disinfection protocols will never reduce the contamination load to 0; however, it is crucial to know which resident species are present and the risk they represent to pathogens, such as Listeria monocytogenes, as they can be further used as a complementary control strategy. The aim of this study was to evaluate the resident surface microbiota in an Iberian pig processing plant after carrying out the cleaning and disinfection processes. To do so, surface sensors were implemented, sampled, and evaluated by culture plate count. Further, isolated microorganisms were identified through biochemical tests. The results show that the surfaces are dominated by Bacillus spp., Pseudomonas spp., different enterobacteria, Mannheimia haemolytica, Rhizobium radiobacter, Staphylococcus spp., Aeromonas spp., lactic acid bacteria, and yeasts and molds. Moreover, their probable relationship with the presence of L. monocytogenes in three areas of the plant is also explained. Further studies of the resident microbiota and their interaction with pathogens such as L. monocytogenes are required. New control strategies that promote the most advantageous profile of microorganisms in the resident microbiota could be a possible alternative for pathogen control in the food industry. To this end, the understanding of the resident microbiota on the surfaces of the food industry and its relation with pathogen presence is crucial.
44
Knežević, Slobodan, Marko Pajić, Aleksandra Petrović, Suzana Vidaković, Jelena Babić, Milica Živkov Baloš, Ivan Pušić, Sara Savić, and Igor Stojanov. "DERMANYSSUS GALLINAE - OVERVIEW: LIFE CYCLE, MORPHOLOGY, PREVALENCE AND CONTROL MEASURES IN POULTRY FARMS." Archives of Veterinary Medicine 10, no. 2 (December 29, 2017): 53–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.46784/e-avm.v10i2.73.
Full textAbstract:
Dermanyssus gallinae or the poultry red mite is currently the most im-portant ectoparasite aff ecting egg-laying hens in several countries causing reduced poultry welfare, mortality and even allergic reactions in poultry farms workers. Its short life cycle, which in optimal conditions can be com-pleted within 7 days, and ability to survive in extreme circumstances with-out a blood meal up to 13 months, and the ability to infest new fl ock, makes it even more diffi cult to eradicate. Dermanyssus gallinae prevalence rates in diff erent European countries, including Serbia, can reach up to 80-90%. Also, the poultry red mite is responsible in vector transmission of several bacterial and viral avian diseases, including Salmonella spp, Chlamydia spp., Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus spp., Pasteurella multocida, Newcas-tle disease and Fowl poxvirus. Besides that, the poultry red mite can also transfer antimicrobial resistance genes by carrying pathogenic bacterial fl ora. Control of Dermanyssus gallinae can be divided into conventional and alternative methods. Conventional methods are mostly focused on pre-venting infestations and/or killing Dermanyssus gallinae, while alternative methods include the use of essential oils, vaccines, light, odors, predatory mites, fungi, nematodes and bacterial endosymbionts, and temperature in order to eliminate the poultry red mite. Nevertheless, this small ectopara-site still makes millions worth damage to global poultry industry.
45
Burtscher, Carola, and Stefan Wuertz. "Evaluation of the Use of PCR and Reverse Transcriptase PCR for Detection of Pathogenic Bacteria in Biosolids from Anaerobic Digestors and Aerobic Composters." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 69, no. 8 (August 2003): 4618–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.69.8.4618-4627.2003.
Full textAbstract:
ABSTRACT A PCR-based method and a reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR)-based method were developed for the detection of pathogenic bacteria in organic waste, using Salmonella spp., Listeria monocytogenes, Yersinia enterocolitica, and Staphylococcus aureus as model organisms. In seeded organic waste samples, detection limits of less than 10 cells per g of organic waste were achieved after one-step enrichment of bacteria, isolation, and purification of DNA or RNA before PCR or RT-PCR amplification. To test the reproducibility and reliability of the newly developed methods, 46 unseeded samples were collected from diverse aerobic (composting) facilities and anaerobic digestors and analyzed by both culture-based classical and newly developed PCR-based procedures. No false-positive but some false-negative results were generated by the PCR- or RT-PCR-based methods after one-step enrichment when compared to the classical detection methods. The results indicated that the level of activity of the tested bacteria in unseeded samples was very low compared to that of freshly inoculated cells, preventing samples from reaching the cell density required for PCR-based detection after one-step enrichment. However, for Salmonella spp., a distinct PCR product could be obtained for all 22 nonamended samples that tested positive for Salmonella spp. by the classical detection procedure when a selective two-step enrichment (20 h in peptone water at 37°C and 24 h in Rappaport Vassiliadis medium at 43°C) was performed prior to nucleic acid extraction and PCR. Hence, the classical procedure was shortened, since cell plating and further differentiation of isolated colonies can be omitted, substituted for by highly sensitive and reliable detection based on nucleic acid extraction and PCR. Similarly, 2 of the 22 samples in which Salmonella spp. were detected also tested positive for Listeria monocytogenes according to a two-step enrichment procedure followed by PCR, compared to 3 samples that tested positive when classical isolation procedures were followed. The study shows that selective two-step enrichment is useful when very low numbers of bacterial pathogens must be detected in organic waste materials, such as biosolids. There were no false-positive results derived from DNA of dead cells in the waste sample, suggesting that it is not necessary to perform RT-PCR analyses when PCR is combined with selective enrichment. Large numbers of added nontarget bacteria did not affect detection of Salmonella spp., L. monocytogenes, and Y. enterocolitica but increased the detection limit of Staphylococcus aureus from <10 to 104 CFU/g of organic waste. Overall, the detection methods developed using seeded organic waste samples from one waste treatment facility (WTF) needed to be modified for satisfactory detection of pathogens in samples from other WTFs, emphasizing the need for extensive field testing of laboratory-derived PCR protocols. A survey of 13 WTFs in Germany revealed that all facilities complied with the German Biowaste Ordinance, which mandates that the end product after anaerobic digestion or aerobic composting be free of Salmonella. In addition, all biosolids were free of L. monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, and Y. enterocolitica, as evidenced by both classical and PCR-based detection methods.
46
Cunningham, Scott A., Nicholas Chia, Patricio R. Jeraldo, Daniel J. Quest, Julie A. Johnson, Dave J. Boxrud, Angela J. Taylor, et al. "Comparison of Whole-Genome Sequencing Methods for Analysis of Three Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Outbreaks." Journal of Clinical Microbiology 55, no. 6 (April 12, 2017): 1946–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jcm.00029-17.
Full textAbstract:
ABSTRACT Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) can provide excellent resolution in global and local epidemiological investigations of Staphylococcus aureus outbreaks. A variety of sequencing approaches and analytical tools have been used; it is not clear which is ideal. We compared two WGS strategies and two analytical approaches to the standard method of SmaI restriction digestion pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) for typing S. aureus . Forty-two S. aureus isolates from three outbreaks and 12 reference isolates were studied. Near-complete genomes, assembled de novo with paired-end and long-mate-pair (8 kb) libraries were first assembled and analyzed utilizing an in-house assembly and analytical informatics pipeline. In addition, paired-end data were assembled and analyzed using a commercial software package. Single nucleotide variant (SNP) analysis was performed using the in-house pipeline. Two assembly strategies were used to generate core genome multilocus sequence typing (cgMLST) data. First, the near-complete genome data generated with the in-house pipeline were imported into the commercial software and used to perform cgMLST analysis. Second, the commercial software was used to assemble paired-end data, and resolved assemblies were used to perform cgMLST. Similar isolate clustering was observed using SNP calling and cgMLST, regardless of data assembly strategy. All methods provided more discrimination between outbreaks than did PFGE. Overall, all of the evaluated WGS strategies yielded statistically similar results for S. aureus typing.
47
Belina-Aldemita, Ma Desiree, Vera Fraberger, Matthias Schreiner, Konrad J. Domig, and Stefano D’Amico. "Safety aspects of stingless bee pot-pollen from the Philippines." Die Bodenkultur: Journal of Land Management, Food and Environment 71, no. 2 (October 23, 2020): 87–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/boku-2020-0009.
Full textAbstract:
SummaryPhilippines stingless bee (Tetragonula biroi Friese) pot-pollen are known for their advantageous effects on human health due to a high nutritional value and a broad range of beneficial physiological and pharmacological effects. However, safety aspects regarding this product were rarely examined. Therefore, pollen samples from the Philippines were analyzed for inorganic contaminants and microbiological quality. Obtained values for heavy metals (e.g., arsenic 0.015–0.032 mg/kg, cadmium 0.053–0.153 mg/kg and lead 0.017–0.155 mg/kg) were generally lower compared to previous studies and most were within the safety limits. Further, microbial counts for total aerobic microorganisms, yeasts and molds, Enterobacteriaceae, E. coli, Salmonella, and Staphylococcus aureus were in accordance with the recommended values. Microbial population was diverse and the identified species were mostly endosporeformers such as Bacillus spp. and Clostridium spp., and molds because of the low water activity and low pH of the pot-pollens. Results indicated that good practices in agriculture, hygiene and manufacturing in every step of the production chain must be implemented in order to enhance the quality and safety of this bee product. Overall, pot-pollens from T. biroi are safe for human consumption if hygienic principles are applied.
48
OLIVEROS, ANGIE D., DANIEL BERNIER, MÓNICA OBANDO-CHAVES, and HENRY A. VÁQUIRO. "Overall Quality and Sanitation Evaluation of Fish Stores at Local Markets in Ibagué, Tolima, Colombia." Journal of Food Protection 82, no. 6 (May 23, 2019): 1016–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-18-209.
Full textAbstract:
ABSTRACT The aims of this study were to verify compliance with cleaning and disinfection protocols in 16 fish stores of local markets in Ibagué, Tolima, Colombia, according to current regulations by means of a checklist, and to evaluate surfaces, utensils, and water that come into direct contact with fish by luminometric tests. The presence or absence of pathogenic microorganisms in fish, e.g., Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella spp., was also determined using a 3M molecular detection system. Finally, the microbial loads of quality and safety indicator microorganisms (E. coli and/or coliforms, aerobic mesophilic bacteria, Enterobacteriaceae, and Staphylococcus aureus) were evaluated with Petrifilm plates. Responses to the checklist showed weaknesses in good manufacturing practices. Luminometry results revealed that 77.2% of the surfaces, 76.9% of the utensils, and 43.7% of water samples met the established rejection limit (more than 600 relative light units). Additionally, although the absence of E. coli O157:H7 and Salmonella spp. was noted, there was a high load of E. coli and/or coliforms, i.e., microorganisms that indicate that the sanitation conditions at the evaluated fish stores posed potential food safety problems. These findings necessitate corrective measures to guarantee quality of the final product. HIGHLIGHTS
49
McAllister, T. A., K. A. Beauchemin, A. Y. Alazzeh, J. Baah, R. M. Teather, and K. Stanford. "Review: The use of direct fed microbials to mitigate pathogens and enhance production in cattle." Canadian Journal of Animal Science 91, no. 2 (June 2011): 193–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjas10047.
Full textAbstract:
McAllister, T. A., Beauchemin, K. A., Alazzeh, A. Y., Baah, J., Teather, R. M. and Stanford, K. 2011. Review: The use of direct fed microbials to mitigate pathogens and enhance production in cattle. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 91: 193–211. Direct-fed microbials (DFM) have been employed in ruminant production for over 30 yr. Originally, DFM were used primarily in young ruminants to accelerate establishment of the intestinal microflora involved in feed digestion and to promote gut health. Further advancements led to more sophisticated mixtures of DFM that are targeted at improving fiber digestion and preventing ruminal acidosis in mature cattle. Through these outcomes on fiber digestion/rumen health, second-generation DFM have also resulted in improvements in milk yield, growth and feed efficiency of cattle, but results have been inconsistent. More recently, there has been an emphasis on the development of DFM that exhibit activity in cattle against potentially zoonotic pathogens such as Escherichia coli O157:H7, Salmonella spp. and Staphylococcus aureus. Regulatory requirements have limited the microbial species within DFM products to organisms that are generally recognized as safe, such as lactic acid-producing bacteria (e.g., Lactobacillus and Enterococcus spp.), fungi (e.g., Aspergillus oryzae), or yeast (e.g., Saccharomyces cerevisiae). Direct-fed microbials of rumen origin, involving lactate-utilizing species (e.g., Megasphaera elsdenii, Selenomonas ruminantium, Propionibacterium spp.) and plant cell wall-degrading isolates of Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens have also been explored, but have not been commercially used. Development of DFM that are efficacious over a wide range of ruminant production systems remains challenging because[0] comprehensive knowledge of microbial ecology is lacking. Few studies have employed molecular techniques to study in detail the interaction of DFM with native microbial communities or the ruminant host. Advancements in the metagenomics of microbial communities and the genomics of microbial–host interactions may enable DFM to be formulated to improve production and promote health, responses that are presently often achieved through the use of antimicrobials in cattle.
50
Park, Jin Hwa, Mi Seon Kang, Kyung Min Park, Hee Young Lee, Gyeong Sik Ok, Min Seon Koo, Seok In Hong, and Hyun Jung Kim. "A dynamic predictive model for the growth of Salmonella spp. and Staphylococcus aureus in fresh egg yolk and scenario-based risk estimation." Food Control 118 (December 2020): 107421. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodcont.2020.107421.
Full text