Academic literature on the topic 'Starch – Microscopy'
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Journal articles on the topic "Starch – Microscopy"
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Chouët, Agathe, Sylvie Chevallier, Romain Fleurisson, Catherine Loisel, and Laurence Dubreil. "Label-Free Fried Starchy Matrix: Investigation by Harmonic Generation Microscopy." Sensors 19, no. 9 (April 30, 2019): 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19092024.
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An innovative methodology based on non-destructive observation by using harmonic generation microscopy is proposed for detection and location of starch granules and oil in a fried starchy matrix and topography analysis of food products. Specific fluorescent probes were used to label the main biochemical components of the starchy fried matrix, namely starch and oil. Fluorescence of starch and oil respectively stained with Safranin O and Nile red was observed from non-linear microscopy. By using sequential scanning and specific emission filters, it was possible to merge fluorescence and harmonic generation signals. Second harmonic generation (SHG) generated by starch granules was superposed with safranin fluorescence, whereas third harmonic generation (THG), not restricted to the superposition with Nile red fluorescent signal, was used to investigate the topography of the fried product. By these experiments, starch granule mapping and topography of the starchy fried product were obtained without any destructive preparation of the sample. This label-free approach using harmonic generation microscopy is a very promising methodology for microstructure investigation of a large panel of starchy food products.
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Jagadeesan, Sreeshna, Indira Govindaraju, and Nirmal Mazumder. "An Insight into the Ultrastructural and Physiochemical Characterization of Potato Starch: a Review." American Journal of Potato Research 97, no. 5 (August 31, 2020): 464–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12230-020-09798-w.
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Abstract Potatoes are highly consumed food around the world, usually following processing of some kind. Apart from its noteworthy presence in diets, potato starch has a multitude of industrial applications as a food additive and recently in novel domains such as nanotechnology and bioengineering. This review examines the microscopic and spectroscopic methods of characterizing potato starch and compares the different properties. The microscopic techniques such as optical microscopy and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) allow observation of structural elements of potato starch. Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) delves into the thermal behavior of starch in presence of water, while Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) analyze the behavior of various chemical bonds and crystallinity of starch. These characterizations are important from a dietary point of view for patients requiring a low-glycemic diet, as well as in facilitating research into a wider array of industrial applications.
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Zhang, Shuyan, Jie Zhu, Yujia Liu, Shui-Yang Zou, and Lin Li. "Hierarchical Structure and Thermal Property of Starch-Based Nanocomposites with Different Amylose/Amylopectin Ratio." Polymers 11, no. 2 (February 15, 2019): 342. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym11020342.
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Starch-based materials with reinforced properties were considered as one of the most promising materials to replace the petro-based packaging products, and actually, the molecular structures of starch usually determined the structures and properties of end-used starchy products. Here, starch-based nanocomposites were fabricated by starch esters derived from native starches with different amylose contents and organically modified montmorillonite (OMMT). The fractured surface under scanning electron microscopy (SEM) exhibited wrinkles formed by macromolecular aggregation owing to the interaction competition between the plasticizer and nanofiller with the starch ester. The more intense interaction within amylopectin-rich films promoted the formation of much randomly exfoliation of OMMT observed by Transmission electron microscopy (TEM). As the amylose content increased, the interaction between the starch ester and the nanofiller was weakened, leading to the dispersion morphology of an ordered arrangement and partly intercalated structures in the dimension of 12.92 to 19.77 nm. Meanwhile, such interaction also affected both the inner ordered structure integrity of starch ester and the layer structure consistency of nanofiller according to X-ray diffraction results. Further, the stronger interaction between amylopectin and the nanofiller endowed higher thermal stability to the amylopectin-rich starch-based nanocomposites. In short, these results are beneficial for the application of starch-based nanocomposites in the food packaging industry by regulating the interaction between starch and nanofillers.
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Zhu, Fan. "Atomic force microscopy of starch systems." Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition 57, no. 14 (October 14, 2015): 3127–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10408398.2015.1094650.
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Wulff, David, Marc G. Aucoin, and Frank X. Gu. "Helium Ion Microscopy of Corn Starch." Starch - Stärke 72, no. 11-12 (April 6, 2020): 1900267. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/star.201900267.
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Błaszczak, Wioletta, and Grażyna Lewandowicz. "Light Microscopy as a Tool to Evaluate the Functionality of Starch in Food." Foods 9, no. 5 (May 22, 2020): 670. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods9050670.
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Light microscopy (LM) is commonly used in the study of biological materials to determine the morphology of cells and tissues. The potential of this technique for studying the structure of food products is also recognized but less known. Especially rare are information regarding LM studies of the supramolecular structure of starch. The aim of the work was to fill this gap by providing data on the possibilities for application of LM in starch studies. It was shown that in spite of an enormous progress in the development of microscopic techniques, including both increase of resolution and improvement of image analysis methods, light microscopy still has a huge potential for starch studies. The advantage of LM over other microscopic techniques is the possibility of differentiating between amylose and amylopectin by iodine staining. That makes LM especially useful in the analysis of the process of gelatinization of starch, the extent of molecular dispersion of its macromolecules, and the changes in its structure caused by modification. Moreover, it can be particularly useful for studying the changes in the supramolecular structure of starch in a food product matrix, providing more information than scanning electron microscopy (SEM)–the most common technique used for these purposes.
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Lacerda, Luiz Gustavo, Rafael Ramires Almeida, Ivo Mottin Demiate, Marco Aurélio Silva Carvalho Filho, Eliane Carvalho Vasconcelos, Adenise Lorenci Woiciechowski, Gilbert Bannach, Egon Schnitzler, and Carlos Ricardo Soccol. "Thermoanalytical and starch content evaluation of cassava bagasse as agro-industrial residue." Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology 52, spe (November 2009): 143–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1516-89132009000700019.
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Starch nutritional fractions as well as thermal properties and other analysis are essential for food and industrial application. Cassava bagasse is an important agro-industrial residue and its starch content was evaluated using two alternative methods. Thermal characterization and microscopy analyses helped to understand how hydrolysis digests starchy fraction of cassava bagasse. The melting point of cassava starch occurred at 169.2ºC. Regarding TG analyses, after moisture content, there were observed two main mass losses for all samples. Results suggest hydrolysis carried out using enzyme is less effective in order to convert total starch content in cassava bagasse. However, using sulfuric acid, fibers are affected by analyses conditions.
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Zhang, Jin Sheng, Yu Huan Liu, Zhi Qiang Jin, and Roger Ruan. "Studies on Wheat Resistant Starch by NMR Technique." Advanced Materials Research 550-553 (July 2012): 1357–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.550-553.1357.
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A low field magnetic resonance technique was used to analyze the water mobility character about wheat starch and its resistant starch (RS) suspensions at different water activity. RS was obtained from wheat starch by high temperature and high pressure method. Scanning electron microscopy(SEM), X-ray diffraction analysis and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis were used to evaluate the variation between the starch and RS after treatment. Compared with the original starch, it was suggested that the capacity of combining water of RS was stronger than starche from the NMR relaxation parameters, but RS’s water holding capacity (WHC) was lower than that of starch. Experiments indicated that water mobility character was lower in RS. This study on the water mobility character of starch and RS was significant for the starch industry, and showed the perspective of NMR and MRI technique potential utilization in the food science field.
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Bibikov, S. O., and S. O. Shapovalov. "Application of microscopy methods for evaluation of feed digestibility." Kormlenie sel'skohozjajstvennyh zhivotnyh i kormoproizvodstvo (Feeding of agricultural animals and feed production), no. 10 (October 1, 2020): 61–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/sel-05-2010-07.
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The results of applying microscopic methods of analysis of pig feces to assess the digestibility of feed and diagnose various diseases of the gastrointestinal tract have been presented in the article. The microscopic method allows you to identify detritus, undigested fi ber, raw fat, fragments of animal feed ingredients, starch in the feces, gives an idea of the presence of foreign impurities (due to perverted appetite, contamination of feed), helminths, their eggs and other intestinal parasites. A number of preparations have been prepared to identify feed nutrients and feed components of the diet, and a number of coloring reagents were also used: Lugol’s solution for recognizing starch and its cleavage products (amylodextrin and erythrodextrin), Saathof’s reagent for detecting fat, and Hecht’s reagent for diff erentiating fat elements. The researches have been carried out under various magnifi cations of the microscope. Diff erent levels of detritus and undigested elements of feed in animals under the same conditions of rearing and feeding can identify individual features of digestion. The microscopic method of analysis does not require expensive equipment, reagents, and allows you to get the results of assessing the digestibility much faster than the methods of classical “wet” chemistry. This research method can be used by nutritionists to correct diets when using exogenous feed enzymes: phytase, xylanase, gluconase, amylase, mannanase, lipase, protease, etc., and provide results for discussion about the presence or absence of matrix eff ects from their use. The results of feces microscopy can give then idea of the quality of feed ingredients used: the content of non-starchy polysaccharides and the level of grain viscosity, the quality of animal ingredients (meat-bone, feather, fi sh meal), the level of indigestible fi ber in sunfl ower and soybean meals.
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FREKE, C. D. "The examination of starch gelling by microscopy." International Journal of Food Science & Technology 6, no. 3 (June 28, 2007): 273–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.1971.tb01615.x.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Starch – Microscopy"
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Baker, Andrew Arthur. "High resolution atomic force microscopy of polysaccharides." Thesis, University of Bristol, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.264076.
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Jirlén, Johan. "Nanolithography with molecules using advanced scanning probe microscopy methods." Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för teknikvetenskap och matematik, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-68667.
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The possibilities of novel catalytic scanning probe lithography (cSPL) on starch using α-amylase was investigated. For this thin homogeneous layers of starch with good coverage were prepared by spin coating a starch solution on a silicon base. Amylase immobilized to an atomic force microscopy (AFM) cantilever tip were prepared and dragged along a spin coated starch surface. This after verifying the enzyme immobilization method using (3-Aminopropyl)triethoxysilane (APTES) on a silicon surface. In addition an unmodified cantilever tip were dipped in amylase solution and were dragged along a starch surface to investigate possibilities of dip-pen nanolithography (DPN). The preliminary experiments with AFM based enzymatic lithography were promising but non-conclusive. There are still many parameters not fully explored such as water availability, activity and reach of the amylase, speed of the enzymatic process and difference in structure between the starch and the shorter saccharides that are left after the hydrolysis
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Wall, Michael L. "The Starch Granule Surface: Technological and Biological Implications of Puroindoline and Host-pathogen Interactions." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/19731.
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The sun is the primary source of all chemical energy on the planet. Starch granules have evolved as storage deposits for captured light energy. Many complex biological functions take place at the starch granule surface, including starch granule metabolism and defense. The starch granule-associated protein puroindoline is a known antimicrobial with unique functional and biological properties, attributed to the presence of a unique tryptophan-rich domain. To test puroindoline's tight association, puroindoline removed from the starch granule surface during water-washing was assessed. Washing more than eight times failed to further reduce puroindoline content of starch granules, suggesting a strong association of puroindoline with the starch granule surface. To identify the tryptophan-rich domain tightly associated with the starch granule surface, we used a combination of in situ tryptic digestion and mass spectrometry. We identified the tryptophan-rich domain of puroindoline directly bound to the starch granule surface of wheat. This is the first instance of the tryptophan-rich domain directly observed at the starch granule surface. In addition, using mass spectrometry, we determined that during development and maturation, wheat seeds appear to have resisted infection and lysed the pathogens where, upon desiccation, the molecular evidence remained fixed at the starch granule surface. Proteins with known antimicrobial activity were identified, as well as several proteins from the plant pathogens Agrobacterium tumefaciens, Pectobacterium carotovorum, Fusarium graminearum, Magnaporthe grisea, Xanthomonas axonopodis, and X. oryzae. Future characterization may reveal previously unknown host-pathogen interactions. Finally, we have demonstrated that puroindoline, when expressed in the seeds of transgenic corn, will localize and associate with the starch granule surface in a pattern similar to the puroindoline expression pattern observed in wheat. Surprisingly, puroindoline expression in transgenic corn is correlated with an increase in total seed oil content.
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Roshan, Paladugu. "Interdisciplinary study of the dental calculus in skeleton remains from the cemetery of Santa Maria do Olival (Tomar, Portugal) 15th to 16th century A.D." Master's thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/25590.
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14 humans and 6 faunal dental calculus samples from the medieval necropolis of Santa Maria do
Olival, Tomar were selected for microdebris, isotopes, trace elements and organic residues
analyses. The major aim of the study was to setup methods for analysis of dental calculus to
complement information from bones and teeth. The isotopic values from dental calculi of humans
and fauna were comparable to those from bone collagen and led to similar conclusions on dietary
practices. Trace element values from human and faunal calculi followed similar trends to their
respective bones. Microscopy yielded stray phytoliths from the Poaceae family and no silica
skeletons or starch grains. Organic residues analysis indicated a diet based on protein and
carbohydrates. Evidences of poor air quality due to char substances from incomplete combustion
of wood and biomass were found. Since this is a pilot study, sample size is restricted. The direction
of future research on dental calculus is to analyse a large quantity of samples to generate standard
range of values for isotopes and trace element concentrations; Resumo:
O estudo interdisciplinar do cálculo dentário no esqueleto é feito no
cemitério de Santa Maria do Olival (Tomar, Portugal) - 15th to 16th século
A.D.
Foram selecionadas 14 amostras de humanos e 6 amostras de cálculo dentário da fauna da necrópole
medieval de Santa Maria do Olival, Tomar, para análises de microdíbris, isótopos, oligoelementos e
resíduos orgânicos. O principal objetivo do estudo foi configurar métodos para análise de cálculo
dentário para complementar informações de ossos e dentes. Os valores isotópicos dos cálculos
dentários de humanos e fauna foram comparáveis aos do colágeno ósseo e levaram a conclusões
semelhantes sobre práticas alimentares. Os valores dos elementos de traço dos cálculos humanos e
faunísticos seguiram tendências semelhantes aos seus respectivos ossos. A microscopia produziu
fitólitos dispersos da família Poaceae e nenhum esqueleto de sílica ou grãos de amido. A análise de
resíduos orgânicos indicou uma dieta baseada em proteínas e carboidratos. Evidências de baixa
qualidade do ar devido a substâncias carbonatadas de combustão incompleta de madeira e biomassa
foram encontradas. Como este é um estudo piloto, o tamanho da amostra é restrito. A direção de
pesquisas futuras sobre cálculo dentário é analisar uma grande quantidade de amostras para gerar uma
faixa padrão de valores para isótopos e concentrações de elementos traços.
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Thabot, Arnaud Henri. "Porosity Analysis in Starch Imbued Handsheets - Challenges using impulse drying and methods for image analysis." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/19804.
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In about 30 years of experiments and development, impulse drying is now considered as a well known technology and a good candidate in the constant effort to save energy in the paper industry. The drying section is indeed the most expensive section in the process of paper production. However, this potential technology has a major disadvantage, stopping its implementation in the industry. Paper, which is a porous material with a variable compressibility, experienced a sudden release of energy at the nip opening during impulse drying. Under these conditions of high intensity process (both in temperature and pressure), the fiber mat has a tendency to delaminate. This web disruption is a critical issue against impulse drying.
This thesis comes up with a new approach to the problem. These last years, the technology itself has been addressed in this issue and many improvements have been reached in terms of energy release (heat transfer control, material coating ). The novel idea is then to investigate the inner structure of the paper once it has been coated with starch to a large extent (up to 10 or 20% of the relative basis weight). Starch is known for its large use in industry, but also its capability to expand under high temperature. Hence, both relative strength and bulking effects are investigated in this thesis, using numerous experiments with variable temperatures and pressures, along with ultrasonic testing and image analysis. We have the opportunity to appreciate the phenomenon of heat transfer and mass transport in the coated medium, while reaching promising results in terms of strength and bulk. These are finally investigated using scanning electron microscopy as a first step toward a pore expansion model for starch imbued handsheets.
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Soares, Claudinéia Aparecida. "Avaliação comparativa de características estruturais do amido e enzimas relacionadas à sua degradação em cultivares de banana com padrão distinto do modelo representado pela cultivar Nanicão." Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/9/9131/tde-21072016-162217/.
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O acúmulo de açúcares solúveis observados em banana madura é resultado da ação de diversas enzimas que atuam sob o amido acumulado durante o seu desenvolvimento. Este processo pode ocorrer fora da planta e, em um período relativamente curto conhecido como amadurecimento. A rápida mobilização associado à escassez de trabalhos que enfoquem o processo de degradação de amido em órgãos que armazenam amido temporariamente, como bananas, o objetivo desse estudo foi localizar cultivares que se comportem diferente do modelo Nanicão, que é objeto de estudo do laboratório há muito tempo, sendo por isso, a cultivar mais conhecida e estudada. Bananas pertencentes a diferentes grupos genômicos foram selecionadas e analisadas, sendo elas: Nanicão (AAA), Terra (AAB), Mysore (AAB), Pacovan (AAB) e Figo (ABB). Quanto aos parâmetros de amadurecimento analisados, as cultivares Nanicão, Terra e Pacovan tiveram um comportamento climatérico típico. A sacarose foi o açúcar predominante em todas as cultivares seguida pela glicose e frutose que mantiveram uma proporção 1: 1. A cultivar Nanicão teve maiores teores de açúcares solúveis seguida pela Figo, Pacovan, Terra e Mysore. Em extrato bruto de banana, os maiores valores de atividade da β-amilase foi verificada nos estágios finais do amadurecimento, enquanto que a da α-amilase foi, praticamente, constante durante o período analisado, com exceção da Figo. Para detectar a presença das amido-fosforilases foi realizado ensaio, em extrato bruto de banana, de eletroforese em condições nãodesnaturantes (PAGE-nativo) e, duas bandas com atividade foram visualizadas nas cultivares, com exceção da Mysore. O inicio do processo de degradação de amido ocorreu anterior a produção autocatalítica de etileno e, as cultivares tiveram diferentes percentuais de degradação de amido, sendo os maiores obtidos na Pacovan seguida pela Mysore, Nanicão, Figo e Terra. Os grânulos de amido das cultivares Terra e Figo mostraram-se resistentes a hidrólise enzimática. Todas as cultivares tiveram atividade de α e β-amilase associadas aos grânulos presentes desde as fases iniciais do amadurecimento. Somente na cultivar Mysore a atividade ligada da α-amilase foi superior ao da β-amilase. O conteúdo de amilose e a distribuição de tamanhos de cadeias da amilopectina não tiveram grandes variações ao longo do amadurecimento. As micrografias revelaram que com o avanço do amadurecimento as superfícies dos grânulos de amido sofrem a exposição de estruturas, os anéis de crescimento, decorrentes da ação de enzimas. As imagens de microscopia de força atômica relevaram a presença de estruturas semelhantes ao modelo dos bloquetes na superfície dos grânulos de amido em banana.The soluble sugars accumulation in mature banana is consequence of several enzymes action on accumulate starch obtained during its development processo The starch degradation can occur outside the plant in a relatively short time called ripening. Associate at the faster starch mobilization, few works are available focusing this process in organs that store starch temporarily like banana. The aim of this study was identified cultivars that show different pattern of starch degradation when compared with Nanicão model. Bananas of different genomic groups were selected and analyzed, Nanicão (AAA), Terra (AAB), Mysore (AAB), Pacovan (AAB) and Figo (ABB). The Nanicão, Terra and Pacovan cultivars had a typical c1imacteric behavior. Sucrose was the predominant sugar followed by glucose and fructose that maintained 1:1 ratio, in all cultivars. Nanicão had the higher leveis of soluble sugars followed by Figo, Pacovan, Terra and Mysore. The onset of starch degradation seems to be independent of ethylene. The higher activities of β-amylase, in banana pulp, was obtained in the last ripening stages, while α-amylase activities was constant and low at Nanicão and Pacovan. Two bands with activities were visualized in native PAGE which corresponded to cytosolic and plastidial forms of starchphosphorylases, with exception of Mysore. All cultivars had different perceptual of starch degradation and the higher one was observed at Pacovan, followed by Mysore, Nanicão, Figo and Terra. Starches granules of Terra and Figo showed to be resistant to enzymatic hydrolysis. All cultivars had α and β-amylase activities associated to granule throughout the ripening process. Only Mysore showed aamylase activity associated to granule higher than β-amylase. No significant change along the ripening was observed in amylose content and amylopectin chain length distribution. The micrographs revealed that granule surface suffer changes along the ripening, exposing structures called growth rings. The Atomic Force Microscopy revealed the presence of blockets at banana granule surface.
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UEHARA, VANESSA B. "Efeito da radiação ionizante de feixe de elétrons em propriedades de biopolímeros comestíveis a base de proteína isolada de soja e fécula de mandioca." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2017. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/27971.
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Submitted by Marco Antonio Oliveira da Silva (maosilva@ipen.br) on 2017-11-09T10:58:19Z
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Nas últimas décadas, têm aumentado substancialmente a quantidade de pesquisas focando no desenvolvimento e caracterização de materiais biodegradáveis, particularmente, filmes comestíveis. O uso de polímeros de fontes renováveis, preparados a partir de produtos vegetais, vem ganhando importância nessa abordagem. O concentrado de proteína de soja e amido de mandioca podem ser considerados uma alternativa aos polímeros petroquímicos. O processamento pela radiação ionizante pode ser empregado para a modificação de polímeros e macromoléculas, resultando em novos materiais com grandes perspectivas de utilização industrial. A indústria de alimentos, uma das indústrias tradicionalmente mais inovadoras, exige o desenvolvimento constante de novos produtos. A capacidade de proteínas e polissacarídeos de formar filmes, amplamente conhecida, é um ponto de partida para o desenvolvimento de novos materiais que atendam os variados requerimentos dessa pungente indústria. Neste trabalho elaboraram-se filmes a base de fécula de mandioca e proteína isolada de soja em duas proporções diferentes e posteriormente irradiados e analisados quanto às suas propriedades mecânicas, cor, absorção de água, permeabilidade ao vapor de agua, análise térmica TGA e DSC entre outros. Os filmes tornaram-se aparentemente mais solúveis e menos resistentes a perfuração com o aumento da dose de radiação aplicada. Com relação às propriedades térmicas observou-se que os filmes com maior proporção de proteína são mais resistentes. Os filmes apresentaram-se menos permeáveis na dose de 40 kGy, e, com relação a absorção de água, esta foi reduzida em função da dose de radiação. Filmes com boa resistência ao vapor de água e com reduzida absorção podem ser considerados adequados para embalagens de alimentos. A radiação mostrou ser uma ferramenta conveniente na modificação de materiais poliméricos principalmente para elaboração de filmes solúveis onde esta é uma nova tendência para embalagens bioativas.
Tese (Doutorado em Tecnologia Nuclear)
IPEN/T
Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP
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Garz, Andreas. "Nichtlineare Mikroskopie und Bilddatenverarbeitung zur biochemischen Analyse synchronisierter Chlamydomonas-Zellen." Phd thesis, Universität Potsdam, 2013. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2013/6690/.
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Unter geeigneten Wachstumsbedingungen weisen Algenkulturen oft eine größere Produktivität der Zellen auf, als sie bei höheren Pflanzen zu beobachten ist. Chlamydomonas reinhardtii-Zellen sind vergleichsweise klein. So beträgt das Zellvolumen während des vegetativen Zellzyklus etwa 50–3500 µm³. Im Vergleich zu höheren Pflanzen ist in einer Algensuspension die Konzentration der Biomasse allerdings gering. So enthält beispielsweise 1 ml einer üblichen Konzentration zwischen 10E6 und 10E7 Algenzellen. Quantifizierungen von Metaboliten oder Makromolekülen, die zur Modellierung von zellulären Prozessen genutzt werden, werden meist im Zellensemble vorgenommen. Tatsächlich unterliegt jedoch jede Algenzelle einer individuellen Entwicklung, die die Identifizierung charakteristischer allgemeingültiger Systemparameter erschwert.
Ziel dieser Arbeit war es, biochemisch relevante Messgrößen in-vivo und in-vitro mit Hilfe optischer Verfahren zu identifizieren und zu quantifizieren.
Im ersten Teil der Arbeit wurde ein Puls-Amplituden-Modulation(PAM)-Fluorimetriemessplatz zur Messung der durch äußere Einflüsse bedingten veränderlichen Chlorophyllfluoreszenz an einzelnen Zellen vorgestellt. Die Verwendung eines kommerziellen Mikroskops, die Implementierung empfindlicher Nachweiselektronik und einer geeignete Immobilisierungsmethode ermöglichten es, ein Signal-zu-Rauschverhältnis zu erreichen, mit dem Fluoreszenzsignale einzelner lebender Chlamydomonas-Zellen gemessen werden konnten. Insbesondere wurden das Zellvolumen und der als Maß für die Effizienz des Photosyntheseapparats bzw. die Zellfitness geltende Chlorophyllfluoreszenzparameter Fv/Fm ermittelt und ein hohes Maß an Heterogenität dieser zellulären Parameter in verschiedenen Entwicklungsstadien der synchronisierten Chlamydomonas-Zellen festgestellt.
Im zweiten Teil der Arbeit wurden die bildgebende Laser-Scanning-Mikroskopie und anschließende Bilddatenanalyse zur quantitativen Erfassung der wachstumsabhängigen zellulären Parameter angewandt. Ein kommerzielles konfokales Mikroskop wurde um die Möglichkeit der nichtlinearen Mikroskopie erweitert. Diese hat den Vorteil einer lokalisierten Anregung, damit verbunden einer höheren Ortsauflösung und insgesamt geringeren Probenbelastung. Weiterhin besteht neben der Signalgewinnung durch Fluoreszenzanregung die Möglichkeit der Erzeugung der Zweiten Harmonischen (SHG) an biophotonischen Strukturen, wie der zellulären Stärke.
Anhand der Verteilungsfunktionen war es möglich mit Hilfe von modelltheoretischen Ansätzen zelluläre Parameter zu ermitteln, die messtechnisch nicht unmittelbar zugänglich sind. Die morphologischen Informationen der Bilddaten ermöglichten die Bestimmung der Zellvolumina und die Volumina subzellularer Strukturen, wie Nuclei, extranucleäre DNA oder Stärkegranula. Weiterhin konnte die Anzahl subzellulärer Strukturen innerhalb einer Zelle bzw. eines Zellverbunds ermittelt werden. Die Analyse der in den Bilddaten enthaltenen Signalintensitäten war Grundlage einer relativen Konzentrationsbestimmung von zellulären Komponenten, wie DNA bzw. Stärke. Mit dem hier vorgestellten Verfahren der nichtlinearen Mikroskopie und nachfolgender Bilddatenanalyse konnte erstmalig die Verteilung des zellulären Stärkegehalts in einer Chlamydomonas-Population während des Wachstums bzw. nach induziertem Stärkeabbau verfolgt werden. Im weiteren Verlauf wurde diese Methode auch auf Gefrierschnitte höherer Pflanzen, wie Arabidopsis thaliana, angewendet.
Im Ergebnis wurde gezeigt, dass viele zelluläre Parameter, wie das Volumen, der zelluläre DNA- und Stärkegehalt bzw. die Anzahl der Stärkegranula durch eine Lognormalverteilung, mit wachstumsabhängiger Parametrisierung, beschrieben werden. Zelluläre Parameter, wie Stoffkonzentration und zelluläres Volumen, zeigen keine signifikanten Korrelationen zueinander, woraus geschlussfolgert werden muss, dass es ein hohes Maß an Heterogenität der zellulären Parameter innerhalb der synchronisierten Chlamydomonas-Populationen gibt. Diese Aussage gilt sowohl für die als homogenste Form geltenden Synchronkulturen von Chlamydomonas reinhardtii als auch für die gemessenen zellulären Parameter im intakten Zellverbund höherer Pflanzen. Dieses Ergebnis ist insbesondere für modelltheoretische Betrachtungen von Relevanz, die sich auf empirische Daten bzw. zelluläre Parameter stützen welche im Zellensemble gemessen wurden und somit nicht notwendigerweise den zellulären Status einer einzelnen Zelle repräsentieren.Under appropriate growth conditions cells of algae cultures often show a greater productivity than it is observed for cells in higher plants. The cells of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii are relatively small. The cell volume during the vegetative cell cycle ranges only between 50-3500 µm³. Compared to higher plants the concentration of biomass in an algal suspension is small. Thus, 1 ml of a suspension with a standard concentration contains between 10E6 and 10E7 algal cells. Quantification of metabolites or macromolecules, which are used for modeling of cellular processes, is usually carried out in the cell ensemble. However, every single algal cell undergoes an individual development, which makes the identification of characteristic universal system parameters far more complicated. The aim of this work was to identify and quantify relevant biochemical parameters, which were measured in vivo and in vitro using optical methods. In the first part, a Pulse Amplitude Modulation (PAM) measuring station was introduced to measure the variable chlorophyll fluorescence of individual cells. A commercial microscope was combined with sensitive detection electronics and the application of suitable immobilization methods. This allowed the achievement of a signal-to-noise ratio which made it possible to measure the fluorescence signals of individual living Chlamydomonas cells. In particular, cell volume and the chlorophyll fluorescence parameter Fv/Fm as a measure of the photosynthetic apparatus efficiency and cell fitness were determined. A high degree of cellular heterogeneity of these parameters in different development stages of synchronized Chlamydomonas cells was determined. In the second part, the imaging laser scanning microscopy and subsequent image analysis for quantitative detection of the growth-dependent cellular parameters were applied. A commercial confocal microscope was extended by the possibility of non-linear microscopy. Hereby, a more localized excitation of the samples was possible. Hence, a higher spatial resolution and lower overall sample stressing were achieved. Besides signal generation through fluorescence excitation, second harmonic generation (SHG) on biophotonic structures, such as cellular starch, was applied. Based on distribution functions cellular parameters were determined by using theoretical model approaches. This allowed the characterization of parameters that were not directly accessible by measurement. The morphological information of the image data enabled the determination of cell volume and volumes of sub-cellular structures such as nuclei, extra-nuclear DNA, and starch granules. Furthermore, the number of sub-cellular structures within a cell or a cell compound was determined. Analysis of signal intensities constituted the basis of relative quantification of cellular components such as DNA and starch. For the first time, the method of non-linear microscopy and subsequent image analysis enabled the characterization of the cellular starch distribution of a Chlamydomonas population during cell growth, and after induced starch degradation, respectively. Subsequently, this method was additionally applied to frozen sections of higher plants like Arabidopsis thaliana. As a result it was shown that many cellular parameters like volume, cellular DNA content, and number of starch granules are described by means of a log-normal distribution with growth-related parameterization. Cellular parameters, such as concentration and cellular volume, showed no significant correlations among each other. Therefore, it was concluded that there is a high degree of cellular parameter heterogeneity within synchronized Chlamydomonas populations. This applies not only to synchronized cultures of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, which are currently considered as the most homogeneous form, but also to measured cellular parameters of intact cell assemblies in higher plants. The result is especially important for model-theoretic considerations, which are based on empirical data, and cellular parameters obtained from cell ensembles, respectively.
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Beninca, Cleoci. "Emprego de técnicas termoanalíticas na análise de amidos nativos e quimicamente modificados de diferentes fontes botânicas." UNIVERSIDADE ESTADUAL DE PONTA GROSSA, 2008. http://tede2.uepg.br/jspui/handle/prefix/672.
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Corn and cassava starches are used thoroughly in several industrial applications. Due to some intrinsic characteristics, chemical modifications in the structure of the starch granules have been developed. In this study, thermo-analytical techniques (TG/DTA and DSC), optical microscopy and X ray diffratometry were used in the analysis of acid-modified (0.15M HCl at temperatures of 30°C and 50 °C), oxidized with different hypochlorite concentrations (0.8; 2 e 5 g Cl/100 g starch) and native corn and cassava starches. The granules of native starches presented characteristic morphology. The morphology of the granules didn't show alteration after oxidative modification but they had alterations in the external morphology after acid treatment. Through the X ray diffraction, it was confirmed the typical crystallinity of cereals and tubers of the native corn and cassava starches, respectively. After modifications there were no differences in the crystallinity patterns. The corn starch enthalpy of gelatinization (ΔHgel) reduced after oxidative modification, the same didn't happen for cassava starch. In general, as larger the oxidation degree, larger the enthalpy of elatinization and more exothermic were the reactions of starch decomposition. The onset temperature (To), peak temperature (Tp) and the enthalpy of gelatinization (ΔHgel) reduced after acid modification for the starches of both botanical sources.
O amido é uma matéria-prima oriunda de diferentes origens botânicas. Amidos de milho e de mandioca são amplamente utilizados em diversos ramos industriais. Devido a algumas características intrínsecas dos amidos nativos, tem-se optado por realizar modificações químicas na estrutura dos grânulos. Neste estudo, foram empregadas técnicas termoanalíticas (TG/DTA e DSC) e de microscopia óptica na análise de amidos de milho e de mandioca nativos, ácido modificados por HCl 0,15M a 30°C e a 50°C e oxidados com diferentes concentrações de hipoclorito de sódio (0,8; 2 e 5 g Cl/100g de amido). A termogravimetria (TG) e a análise térmica diferencial (DTA) foram realizadas simultaneamente nas seguintes condições: massa da amostra de aproximadamente 9,0 mg em cadinho de α-Al2O3; atmosfera de ar sintético a uma vazão de 100 mL min-1; razão de aquecimento: 20 °C min-1, de 30 °C a 600 °C. Cada amostra levada à analise por calorimetria exploratória diferencial (DSC) foi misturada à água (proporção amido:água de 1:4) e foi deixada em repouso por pelo menos duas horas. Com auxílio de micro-pipeta, retirou-se 10 μL da suspensão que foi inserida em um microcadinho de alumínio posteriormente selado. A DSC foi realizada nas seguintes condições: atmosfera de ar sintético a 100 mL min-1; razão de aquecimento: 5 °C min-1, de 30 °C a 100 °C. Os grânulos de amido nativo de milho e de mandioca apresentaram morfologia característica e sofreram alterações na sua morfologia externa somente após tratamento ácido. Através da difratometria de raios X confirmou-se a cristalinidade típica de cereais e tuberosas dos amidos nativos de milho e de mandioca, respectivamente. Após as modificações não foi obtida diferença nos padrões de cristalinidade. As temperaturas onset (To) e de pico (Tp) e a entalpia de gelatinização (ΔHgel) reduziram após modificação ácida para os amidos de ambas as fontes botânicas estudadas. A entalpia de gelatinização do amido de milho reduziu após oxidação, o mesmo não ocorreu para o amido de mandioca. Em geral, quanto maior o grau de oxidação, maior a entalpia de gelatinização e mais exotérmicas foram as reações de decomposição dos amidos.
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Bonilla, Lagos Maria Jeannine. "Desarrollo de films y recubrimientos comestibles bio-activos como soporte de agentes antioxidantes y antimicrobianos." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de València, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/28370.
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RESUMEN
El objetivo de esta tesis fue la obtención y caracterización de
films biodegradables con características antimicrobianas y/o
antioxidantes a partir de quitosano (CH). Para modular sus
propiedades y mejorar su funcionalidad, se estudió la
combinación con otras matrices poliméricas: almidón de trigo
(WS), polivinil alcohol (PVA) y ácido poliláctico (PLA).
Además se incorporaron aceites esenciales (EO) de tomillo (Th)
o albahaca (B), ¿-tocoferol (Tp) y ácido cítrico (CA).
Se evaluó el efecto del tratamiento de homogenización de las
dispersiones formadoras de films (FFD) en films de quitosano
con EO en diferentes proporciones. La microfluidización dio
lugar a una reducción en el tamaño de gota, a una mayor carga
superficial de las mismas y una menor viscosidad de las
dispersiones. Además, intensificó todos los efectos provocados
por la incorporación de EO sobre las propiedades mecánicas de
los films debido a potenciación de las interacciones con el
polímero. A baja proporción de EO, la microfluidización mejoró
las propiedades de barrera al vapor de agua de los films, pero no tuvo un impacto significativo en la permeabilidad al oxígeno.
Los films ejercieron un papel protector frente a la oxidación en
grasa de cerdo. La presencia de EO en los films, a pesar de
aumentar la permeabilidad al oxígeno, dio lugar a una menor
velocidad de oxidación de las muestras (especialmente a alta
humedad relativa), probablemente por el efecto antioxidante de
los componentes de los EO. Los films de quitosano se mostraron
efectivos en el control del deterioro microbiano cuando se
aplicaron en carne de cerdo picada, pero la incorporación de los
EO no mejoró su actividad antimicrobiana.
Se incorporó CH en films de WS en diferentes proporciones. La
adición de CH en cantidades crecientes dio lugar a un aumento
en la viscosidad y estabilidad de las FFD. Ambos polímeros
mostraron un alto grado de compatibilidad lo que dio lugar a una
microestructura homogénea. El aumento de la proporción de CH
dio lugar a films con mejores propiedades mecánicas ya que el
CH pareció inhibir la retrogradación del almidón. Los films
WS:CH dieron lugar a una reducción de la carga microbiana
cuando se aplicaron en muestras de carne de cerdo picada. Se incorporaron diferentes antioxidantes (aceite esencial de
tomillo y albahaca, ácido cítrico y ¿-tocoferol) en films mezcla
de WS (80%) y CH (20%). Los films presentaron una
microestructura heterogénea por la inmiscibilidad de
componentes, principalmente el film con ¿-tocoferol que
presentó separación de fases. Esto llevó asociado una superficie
más rugosa, con menor brillo y, en el caso del ¿-tocoferol, un
color más amarillo. No obstante la incorporación de
antioxidantes conllevó un aumento de la transparencia y una
disminución de la permeabilidad al oxígeno. El CA provocó un
aumento en el módulo de elasticidad y un descenso de la
extensibilidad de los films.
La incorporación de CH en matrices de PVA dio lugar a films
altamente homogéneos, debido a la compatibilidad de ambos
polímeros. Se obtuvieron films más resistentes y rígidos, pero
menos extensibles. Se observó una reducción del grado de
cristalinidad y un aumento de la estabilidad térmica, además de
una reducción de la trasmisión de la luz UV. Así mismo, cuando se aplicaron a muestras de carne de cerdo picada presentaron
una acción antimicrobiana.
La incorporación de CH en una matriz de PLA mediante
extrusión no afectó al comportamiento térmico del PLA ni a su
grado de cristalinidad. Ambos polímeros se mostraron
incompatibles. La reducción del tamaño de las partículas de CH
minimizó el impacto negativo sobre las propiedades mecánicas
y de barrera al vapor de agua. En su aplicación a muestras de
carne de cerdo picada, la presencia de CH mejoró las
propiedades antimicrobianas de los films.Bonilla Lagos, MJ. (2013). Desarrollo de films y recubrimientos comestibles bio-activos como soporte de agentes antioxidantes y antimicrobianos [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/28370
TESIS
Books on the topic "Starch – Microscopy"
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Chen, C. Julian. Introduction to Scanning Tunneling Microscopy. 3rd ed. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198856559.001.0001.
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The scanning tunnelling microscope (STM) was invented by Binnig and Rohrer and received a Nobel Prize of Physics in 1986. Together with the atomic force microscope (AFM), it enables non-destructive observing and mapping atoms and molecules on solid surfaces down to a picometer resolution. A recent development is the non-destructive observation of wavefunctions in individual atoms and molecules, including nodal structures inside the wavefunctions. STM and AFM have become indespensible instruments for scientists of various disciplines, including physicists, chemists, engineers, and biologists to visualize and utilize the microscopic world around us. Since the publication of the first edition in 1993, this book has been recognized as a standard introduction for everyone that starts working with scanning probe microscopes, and a useful reference book for those more advanced in the field. After an Overview chapter accessible for newcomers at an entry level presenting the basic design, scientific background, and illustrative applications, the book has three Parts. Part I, Principles, provides the most systematic and detailed theory of its scientific bases from basic quantum mechancis and condensed-metter physics in all available literature. Quantitative analysis of its imaging mechanism for atoms, molecules, and wavefunctions is detailed. Part II, Instrumentation, provides down to earth descriptions of its building components, including piezoelectric scanners, vibration isolation, electronics, software, probe tip preparation, etc. Part III, Related methods, presenting two of its most important siblings, scanning tunnelling specgroscopy and atomic force miscsoscopy. The book has five appendices for background topics, and 405 references for further readings.
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Barbara, Jean Gaël. Biological generality. Edited by Karine Chemla, Renaud Chorlay, and David Rabouin. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198777267.013.13.
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This article examines generality in biology by focusing on two French schools of anatomy: the discipline of anatomie générale that was founded in France in 1800 by Xavier Bichat and the one developed in the 1870s by Louis Ranvier at the Collège de France by means of microscopy. The works of Bichat and Ranvier involved the disciplines of anatomy and physiology. Bichat’s work, especially his research on tissues, is of interest for understanding which kind of concept of generality gained favor in the life sciences at the start of the nineteenth century. Ranvier’s later career sheds light on the ways that generality was searched for at the microscopic level and its significance in the discovery of real and minute biological objects. Following a discussion of Bichat and Ranvier’s anatomie générale, this article explores the two men’s interests in generality as an actor’s category.
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Newman, Mark. Biological networks. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198805090.003.0005.
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A discussion of a range of different kinds of biological networks. The chapter starts with a discussion of biochemical networks such metabolic and protein interaction networks and methods for determining their structure, particularly focusing on high-throughput methods such as the yeast two-hybrid screen. Next is a discussion of neural networks and other networks in the brain, along with measurement techniques such as slice electron microscopy, optical microscopy, transsynaptic tracing, functional MRI, and diffusion MRI. Finally, there is a discussion of ecological networks, and particularly food webs.
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Levin, Frank S. Quantum Tunneling. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198808275.003.0014.
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Quantum tunneling, wherein a quanject has a non-zero probability of tunneling into and then exiting a barrier of finite width and height, is the subject of Chapter 13. The description for the one-dimensional case is extended to the barrier being inverted, which forms an attractive potential well. The first application of this analysis is to the emission of alpha particles from the decay of radioactive nuclei, where the alpha-nucleus attraction is modeled by a potential well and the barrier is the repulsive Coulomb potential. Excellent results are obtained. Ditto for the similar analysis of proton burning in stars and yet a different analysis that explains tunneling through a Josephson junction, the connector between two superconductors. The final application is to the scanning tunneling microscope, a device that allows the microscopic surfaces of solids to be mapped via electrons from the surface molecules tunneling into the tip of the STM probe.
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Guangjun, Mao, ed. Relativistic microscopic quantum transport equation. Hauppauge, N.Y: Nova Science Publishers, 2005.
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Guillery, Ray. Defining the functional components of the thalamic gate. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198806738.003.0008.
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This chapter starts by summarizing the electron microscopic appearance of the retinogeniculate axons and their immediate environment. These form the functional components of the visual input to the thalamic gate. I then look at evidence that all major thalamic relay nuclei have a shared structure produced by a shared developmental and evolutionary origin. Each nucleus receives a small proportion of its synaptic inputs (<10%) for relay to the cortex; these are the drivers. Drivers are topographically organized with the topography representing body parts, sensory space, or parts of the brain. Some drivers come from sensory pathways or from subcortical regions of the brain, and these innervate first-order thalamic relays; another, major part of the thalamus receives its drivers from the cerebral cortex itself, and these form the higher-order relays to the cortex. These higher-order corticothalamic inputs are crucial for understanding cortical processing. A large proportion of synaptic inputs (>90%) are not relayed to the cortex and are classifiable as modulators. They contribute to controlling the gate. Some modulators match the topography of the drivers, thus relating to the parts of the body and the world; others do not show this specificity and have more global actions.
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Rau, Jochen. Statistical Physics and Thermodynamics. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199595068.001.0001.
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Statistical physics and thermodynamics describe the behaviour of systems on the macroscopic scale. Their methods are applicable to a wide range of phenomena: from heat engines to chemical reactions, from the interior of stars to the melting of ice. Indeed, the laws of thermodynamics are among the most universal ones of all laws of physics. Yet this subject can prove difficult to grasp. Many view thermodynamics as merely a collection of ad hoc recipes, or are confused by unfamiliar novel concepts, such as the entropy, which have little in common with the theories to which students have got accustomed in other areas of physics. This text provides a concise yet thorough introduction to the key concepts which underlie statistical physics and thermodynamics. It begins with a review of classical probability theory and quantum theory, as well as a careful discussion of the notions of information and entropy, prior to embarking on the development of statistical physics proper. The crucial steps leading from the microscopic to the macroscopic domain are rendered transparent. In particular, the laws of thermodynamics are shown to emerge as natural consequences of the statistical framework. While the emphasis is on clarifying the basic concepts, the text also contains many applications and classroom-tested exercises, covering all major topics of a standard course on statistical physics and thermodynamics. The text is suited both for a one-semester course at the advanced undergraduate or beginning graduate level and as a self-contained tutorial guide for students in physics, chemistry, and engineering.
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Rickard, David. Framboids. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190080112.001.0001.
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Framboids may be the most astonishing and abundant natural features you have never heard of. These microscopic spherules of golden pyrite consist of thousands of even smaller microcrystals, often arranged in stunning geometric arrays. There are probably 1030 on Earth, and they are forming at a rate of 1020 every second. This means that there are a billion times more framboids than sand grains on Earth, and a million times more framboids than stars in the observable universe. They are all around us: they can be found in rocks of all ages and in present-day sediments, soils, and natural waters. The sulfur in the pyrite is mainly produced by bacteria, and many framboids contain organic matter. They are formed through burst nucleation of supersaturated solutions of iron and sulfide, followed by limited crystal growth in diffusion-dominated stagnant sediments. The framboids self-assemble as surface free energy is minimized and the microcrystals are attracted to each other by surface forces. Self-organization occurs through entropy maximization, and the microcrystals rotate into their final positions through Brownian motion. The final shape of the framboids is often actually polygonal or partially facetted rather than spherical, as icosahedral microcrystal packing develops. Their average diameter is around 6 microns and the average microcrystal size is about 0.1 microns. There is no significant change in these dimensions with time: the framboid is an exceptionally stable structure, and the oldest may be 2.9 billion years old. This means that they provide samples of the chemistry of ancient environments.
Book chapters on the topic "Starch – Microscopy"
1
Gauldie, R. W., G. Raina, S. K. Sharma, and J. L. Jane. "Atomic Force Microscopy Images of Starch Polymer Crystalline and Amorphous Structures." In Atomic Force Microscopy/Scanning Tunneling Microscopy, 85–90. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-9322-2_8.
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Tokarz, Danielle, Richard Cisek, and Virginijus Barzda. "Polarimetric Nonlinear Microscopy of Starch Granules." In Enzymology of Complex Alpha-Glucans, 18–33. First edition. Boca Raton : CRC Press, Taylor & Francis: CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b22412-2.
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Ridout, M. J., M. L. Parker, and V. J. Morris. "Starch granules: New insights from atomic force microscopy." In Special Publications, 328–35. Cambridge: Royal Society of Chemistry, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/9781847551214-00328.
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Stolt, M., and K. Autio. "Microscopic and Rheological Characterization of High Pressure Treated Starch Dispersions." In Advances in High Pressure Bioscience and Biotechnology, 357–60. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-60196-5_80.
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Burgio, G. F., M. Baldo, O. E. Nicotra, and H. J. Schulze. "A microscopic equation of state for protoneutron stars." In Isolated Neutron Stars: From the Surface to the Interior, 387–94. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-5998-8_48.
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"Chapter Characterization of starch granules: An atomic force microscopy approach." In Starches, 33–44. CRC Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781420080247-6.
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Kubiak-Martens, Lucy. "Scanning electron microscopy and starchy food in Mesolithic Europe:." In Wild Harvest, 113–34. Oxbow Books, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvh1dmjj.12.
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Lovejoy, Shaun. "New worlds versus scaling: From van Leeuwenhoek to Mandelbrot." In Weather, Macroweather, and the Climate. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190864217.003.0006.
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We just took a voyage through scales, noticing structures in cloud photographs and wiggles on graphs. Collectively, they spanned ranges of scale over factors of billions in space and billions of billions in time. We are immediately confronted with the question: How can we conceptualize and model such fantastic variation? Two extreme approaches have developed. For the moment, I call the dominant one the new worlds view, after Antoni van Leeuwenhoek (1632– 1723), who developed a powerful early microscope. The other is the self- similar (scaling) view by Benoit Mandelbrot which I discuss in the next section. My own view— scaling but with the notion of scale itself an emergent property— is discussed in Chapter 3. When van Leeuwenhoek peered through his microscope, in his amazement he is said to have discovered a “new world in a drop of water”: “animalcules,” the first microorganisms (Fig. 2.1). Since then, the idea that zooming reveals something completely new has become second nature. In the twenty- first century, atom- imaging microscopes are developed precisely because of the promise of such new worlds. The scale- by- scale “newness” idea was graphically illustrated by K. Boeke’s highly influential book Cosmic View, which starts with a photograph of a girl holding a cat, first zooming away to show the surrounding vast reaches of outer space, and then zooming in until reaching the nucleus of an atom. The book was incredibly successful. It was included in Hutchins and Adler’s Gateway to the Great Books, a ten- volume series featuring works by Aristotle, Shakespeare, Einstein, and others. In 1968, two films were based on Boeke’s book— Cosmic Zoom and Powers of Ten (1968, re- released in 1977), encouraging the idea that nearly every power of ten in scale hosts different phenomena. More recently (2012), there’s even the interactive Cosmic Eye app for the iPad, iPhone, or iPod, not to mention a lavish update: the “Zoomable Universe.”
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Lee, Jin-Ho, and Michael Hausmann. "Super-Resolution Radiation Biology: From Bio-Dosimetry towards Nano-Studies of DNA Repair Mechanisms." In DNA - Damages and Repair Mechanisms. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.95597.
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Past efforts in radiobiology, radio-biophysics, epidemiology and clinical research strongly contributed to the current understanding of ionizing radiation effects on biological materials like cells and tissues. It is well accepted that the most dangerous, radiation induced damages of DNA in the cell nucleus are double strand breaks, as their false rearrangements cause dysfunction and tumor cell proliferation. Therefore, cells have developed highly efficient and adapted ways to repair lesions of the DNA double strand. To better understand the mechanisms behind DNA strand repair, a variety of fluorescence microscopy based approaches are routinely used to study radiation responses at the organ, tissue and cellular level. Meanwhile, novel super-resolution fluorescence microscopy techniques have rapidly evolved and become powerful tools to study biological structures and bio-molecular (re-)arrangements at the nano-scale. In fact, recent investigations have increasingly demonstrated how super-resolution microscopy can be applied to the analysis of radiation damage induced chromatin arrangements and DNA repair protein recruitment in order to elucidate how spatial organization of damage sites and repair proteins contribute to the control of repair processes. In this chapter, we would like to start with some fundamental aspects of ionizing radiation, their impact on biological materials, and some standard radiobiology assays. We conclude by introducing the concept behind super-resolution radiobiology using single molecule localization microscopy (SMLM) and present promising results from recent studies that show an organized architecture of damage sites and their environment. Persistent homologies of repair clusters indicate a correlation between repair cluster topology and repair pathway at a given damage locus. This overview over recent investigations may motivate radiobiologists to consider chromatin architecture and spatial repair protein organization for the understanding of DNA repair processes.
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Zinn-Justin, Jean. "Quantum field theory: An effective theory." In From Random Walks to Random Matrices, 111–36. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198787754.003.0008.
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Chapter 8 discusses effective field theory. This concept is inspired by the theory of critical phenomena in statistical physics and based on renormalization group ideas. The basic idea behind effective field theory is that one starts from a microscopic model involving an infinite number of fluctuating degrees of freedom whose interactions are characterized by a microscopic scale and in which, as a result of interactions, a length that is much larger than the microscopic scale, or, equivalently, a mass much smaller than the characteristic mass scale of the initial model, is generated. The chapter illustrates this topic with examples. It also stresses that all quantum field theories as applied to particle physics or statistical physics are only effective (i.e. not fundamental) theories. Besides the problem of a phi4 type field theory with a large mass field, two more complicated examples are discussed: the Gross–Neveu and the non–linear sigma models.
Conference papers on the topic "Starch – Microscopy"
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Hurkman, William J., and Delilah F. Wood. "Starch granule formation and protein deposition in wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) starchy endosperm cells is altered by high temperature during grain fill." In Scanning Microscopy 2010, edited by Michael T. Postek, Dale E. Newbury, S. Frank Platek, and David C. Joy. SPIE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.853183.
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Mazumder, Nirmal, and Fu J. kao. "Revealing Starch Denaturation with Stokes vector based SHG microscopy." In International Conference on Fibre Optics and Photonics. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/photonics.2016.w3a.52.
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Mazumder, Nirmal, Suchitta Umashankar, Bharath Ratnakar, K. K. Mahato, and Fu-Jen Kao. "Advanced microscopy techniques for revealing molecular structure of starch granules." In Frontiers in Optics. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/fio.2017.ftu4b.4.
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Singh, Krishna Kant, Yogendra Yadav, Deepak Kumar, Ajitesh Singh, and Debabrata Goswami. "Study of Starch Using Bright Field and Polarized Light Microscopy." In 2019 Workshop on Recent Advances in Photonics (WRAP). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/wrap47485.2019.9013741.
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Mizutani, Goro, Yoshihiro Miyauchi, and Haruyuki Sano. "Optical Sum Frequency Microscopy for Analyzing Starch in a Water Plant." In Nonlinear Optics: Materials, Fundamentals and Applications. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/nlo.2007.we4.
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S Neethirajan, D J Thomson, D S Jayas, and N. D. G White. "Characterising Starch Granule Surfaces in Durum Wheat Using Atomic Force Microscopy." In 2006 CSBE/SCGAB, Edmonton, AB Canada, July 16-19, 2006. St. Joseph, MI: American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.22118.
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Naz, Muhammad Yasin, Shaharin Anwar Sulaiman, and Bambang Ariwahjoedi. "Sauter mean diameter statistics of the starch dispersion atomized with hydraulic nozzle." In PROCEEDINGS OF THE 23RD SCIENTIFIC CONFERENCE OF MICROSCOPY SOCIETY MALAYSIA (SCMSM 2014). AIP Publishing LLC, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4919170.
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Thayil, A., E. J. Gualda, M. Mathew, I. Amat-Roldan, I. G. Cormack, S. Soria, D. Artigas, and P. Loza-Alvarez. "In situ, starch-based backwards SHG for MEFISTO pulse characterization in multiphoton microscopy." In 2007 European Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics and the International Quantum Electronics Conference. IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cleoe-iqec.2007.4386637.
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Amat-Roldan, Ivan, Iain G. Cormack, David Artigas, and Pablo Loza-Alvarez. "Nonlinear microscopy pulse optimization at the sample plane using second-harmonic generation from starch." In Photonics Europe, edited by Sigrid Avrillier and Jean-Michel Tualle. SPIE, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.545910.
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Chakraborty, Ishita, Indira Govindaraju, Guan-Yu Zhuo, Vishwa Jyoti Baruah, Bhaswati Sarmah, K. K. Mahato, Soumyabrata Banik, and Nirmal Mazumder. "Structural characterisation of North-east Indian rice starch using Second Harmonic Generation (SHG) microscopy." In Frontiers in Optics. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/fio.2020.jtu1b.29.
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