Academic literature on the topic 'Starting/ending point'
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Journal articles on the topic "Starting/ending point"
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Zhao, Yuxin, Hengde Zhao, Yanlong Liu, and Xiong Deng. "Marine Adaptive Sampling Scheme Design for Mobile Platforms under Different Scenarios." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 10, no. 5 (2022): 664. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse10050664.
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Marine adaptive sampling is a technique that makes full use of limited observation resources by selecting the optimal positions. Recently, the design of an adaptive sampling scheme based on a mobile platform has become a research hotspot. However, adaptive sampling system involves multiple subsystems, and the attributes as well as tasks are always different, which may lead to different sampling scenarios. A great deal of research has been conducted for specific situations, especially with fixed starting and ending points. However, systematic design and simulation experiments under various circumstances are still lacking. How to design the adaptive observation system, so as to cope with the observation task under different scenarios, is still a problem worth studying. Aiming to solve this problem, we designed a systematic scheme design process. The process includes setting up and verifying the background field, adopting the hierarchical optimization framework to adapt to different circumstances, and variable adjustments for twin frames. The needs covered in this paper include not having a fixed starting point and ending point, only having a fixed starting point, having a fixed starting point and ending point, increasing sampling coverage, and simple obstacle avoidance. Finally, the relevant conclusions are applied to the multi-platform simultaneous observation scenario. It provides a systematic flow pattern for designing adaptive sampling scheme of mobile platforms.
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Zhao, Shijie, Wei Zheng, Zhaowei Li, Aigong Xu, and Huizhong Zhu. "Improving Matching Accuracy of Underwater Gravity Matching Navigation Based on Iterative Optimal Annulus Point Method with a Novel Grid Topology." Remote Sensing 13, no. 22 (2021): 4616. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13224616.
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In this study, we improve the matching accuracy of underwater gravity matching navigation. Firstly, the Iterative Optimal Annulus Point (IOAP) method with a novel grid topology is proposed for breaking through the inherent grid structure limit of the canonical gravity matching algorithm and enhancing its underwater gravity matching accuracy. The theory of IOAP is as follows: (1) small-annulus matching and positioning mechanism on the tracking starting point is developed by employing the starting point and drift error of the INS (Inertial Navigation System), the fixed rotation angle, etc. The optimal matching location of the starting point is obtained by matching and comparing the matched points in this small-annulus grid, which contributes to heightening the initial-position error insensitivity of the algorithms. (2) Variable-angle three-layer annulus matching and positioning mechanisms on the tracking ending point were constructed by using the optimal matching location of the starting point and combining the tracking direction-and-distance information of the INS and the cumulative drift error, etc. It is used to generate the annulus matching points with the ring-type grid topology. (3) The optimal matching position of the ending point in this annulus is obtained by iteratively calculating the evaluation index value of the matching points and following the evaluation index optimal rule. Secondly, we comprehensively consider the main performance evaluation indexes of the underwater gravity matching algorithms, such as the statistical indicators of the matching accuracy, the average matching time and the matching success rate, and take them as a basis of the pros and cons of the matching analysis. Furthermore, under conditions that include different scale searching regions or different reference-angle ring radii, the statistical results verify that the IOAP had a different matching ability and better robustness. Finally, several trajectories with the starting points from different areas and the ending points in different gravity ranges are tested and compared to carry out the numerical simulations. These results indicate that the IOAP has many advantages, such as a high matching accuracy and strong positioning applicability in different gravity regions. Compared with the TERCOM (terrain contour matching algorithm), its average matching accuracy was the highest, increased by 40.39%.
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㱔, 思敏. "A Path Planning Problem for Specified Starting Point and Ending Point Set on the Network." Advances in Applied Mathematics 08, no. 01 (2019): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.12677/aam.2019.81001.
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Delvaux, Steven, Arno B. J. Kuijlaars, Pablo Román, and Lun Zhang. "Non-intersecting squared Bessel paths with one positive starting and ending point." Journal d'Analyse Mathématique 118, no. 1 (2012): 105–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11854-012-0031-5.
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Toprek, Dragan. "Proposed transport beam line for DESIR." Nuclear Technology and Radiation Protection 29, no. 3 (2014): 171–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/ntrp1403171t.
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In this paper the detailed structure of the transport beam line design is proposed, quadrupoles and deflectors specifications in order to transport the beam from the optic adaptation point in the SPIRAL2 production building up to the adaptation point in the DESIR hall. All optical elements, in beam line, are electrostatic and so, settings are independent of the ratio q/m of the particle. The calculations are done by COSY INFINITY computer code in first order of approximation and without fringe field effects. The beam emittances at the starting point (adaptation point in the SPIRAL2 production building) in horizontal and vertical planes are 80p mm mrad. The beam line is designed in such a way that the beam sizes, in both planes, at the end (adaptation point in the DESIR hall) are kept the same as they are at the starting point; the horizontal and vertical displacements from the optic axis at starting and ending points are the same, ?6 mm. In such case the efficiency of transport of the beam is high.
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Darmadi, Darmadi, T. M. Diansyah, and Divi Handoko. "Penerapan Algoritma Floyd Warshall dengan Menggunakan Euclidean Distance dalam Menentukan Rute Terbaik." Jurnal Ilmu Komputer dan Sistem Informasi 2, no. 2 (2023): 311–21. https://doi.org/10.70340/jirsi.v2i2.68.
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Path search is closely related to distance with searching at a location or place in a mapping in a search many heuristic algorithms are used. One of the algorithms used to determine the closest path is the floyd warshal algorithm which applies a heuristic function so that it will provide the most effective path search results. The problem that arises when the general public wants to find the nearest hospital is that there is no information that can be used as a medium that can determine the nearest hospital, therefore this study will apply the floyd warsahll algorithm with a distance formula that can be used to determine the best path or the closest distance To reach the nearest hospital, one of the distance formulas is the Euclidean Distance formula which is a calculation of the distance from 2 points in the Euclidean Distance space. the overall result of the calculation between the starting point or starting point with the end point or end node in the current case the starting point is at Permata Bunda Hospital which is assumed to be the starting point and ending point, namely the Madani Hospital. The results show that for a civil hospital the closest distance is 0.88 km which passes through nodes 2,3, and 4.
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Voloshko, A. V., and V. V. Shevchuk. "TESTING OF ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT FOR IMMUNITY TO VOLTAGE FAILURES, SHORT-TERM INTERRUPTIONS AND VOLTAGE CHANGES." Praci Institutu elektrodinamiki Nacionalanoi akademii nauk Ukraini 2024, no. 68 (2024): 50–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/publishing2024.68.050.
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The article examines the testing of electrical equipment for immunity to voltage dips, short-term interruptions, and voltage changes. Special attention is paid to the influence of the starting point of the dip on the sensitivity of electrical equipment, as well as to the study of the resistance of the electromagnetic relay to voltage dips, phase angle jumps, and the starting and ending points of dips. The reaction mechanism of the electromagnetic relay to a voltage drop, its sensitivity to a change in frequency, the presence of harmonic distortions and changes in the nominal value of the voltage are analyzed. The symmetry of a quarter cycle with respect to a point on the wave is considered separately. Ref. 6, fig. 6.
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Marian, Buric, and Cubber Geert De. "Counter Remotely Piloted Aircraft Systems." MTA Review 27, no. 1 (2017): 9–18. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1115502.
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An effective Counter Remotely Aircraft System is a major objective of many researchers and industries entities. Their activity is strongly impelled by the operational requirements of the Law Enforcement Authorities and naturally follows both the course of the latest terrorist events and technological developments. The designing process of an effective Counter Remotely Aircraft System needs to benefit from a systemic approach, starting from the legal aspects, and ending with the technical ones. From a technical point of view, the system has to work according to the five “kill chain” model starting with the detection phase, going on with the classification, prioritization, tracking and neutralization of the targets and ending with the forensic phase.
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Wu, Qiang, and Jian Wu. "A Control System Based on ARM and Motion Controller for Arc Welding Machine." Advanced Materials Research 889-890 (February 2014): 1121–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.889-890.1121.
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A control system based on ARM and motion controller for arc welding machine is studied, and in the movement process, starting point and ending point detecting function are used in order to increase applied field of the system. In addition, process control module is incorporated into the system to save teach point and specify arc welding processing parameters including the speed, the weaving frequency and the amplitude of weaving and etc.
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ZHANG, Guanghong, and Chaho JUNG. "A Study on Starting Point & Ending Point of Trade Secret Infringement Injunction Period and Non-competition Injunction Period." LAW RESEARCH INSTITUTE CHUNGBUK NATIONAL UNIVERSITY 12, no. 1 (2021): 245–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.34267/cbstl.2021.12.1.245.
Full textBooks on the topic "Starting/ending point"
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Bagnoli, Carlo, and Eleonora Masiero. L’impresa significante fra tradizione e innovazione. Fondazione Università Ca’ Foscari, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.30687/978-88-6969-572-8.
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This study explores the idea of a significant business, framing it through the key concepts that define it and illustrating it through a case study that narrates the evolution of a century-old company. Born as an intellectual response to the economic and financial crisis of 2008, the significant business is conceived as an entity capable of enduring over time through the creation of value and its distribution within the community in which it operates. The significant business should be also aware of its own identity and of the need to innovate itself over time considering the synergies and the collaborations that the territory offers, to continue to create wealth. This contribution is part of a series of works that, resulting from numerous action-research projects coordinated by Professor Carlo Bagnoli, have seen as protagonists the companies and their strategic innovation. The starting point of many of these projects is the Manifesto of the Significant Company (Bagnoli et al. 2015), which aims at imagining a business model able to explore and innovate the company to increase its competitiveness, and also to restore meaning to the company itself, through the definition of its own identity. Contributing to previous works, this book explores the idea of significant enterprise by adopting a business and a historical perspective. The first part of the book deals with the business perspective, to introduce the value model commonly used in action research studies undertaken by the spin-off Strategy Innovation of Ca’ Foscari University of Venice, and to describe the specific model of a significant business. The second part of the book narrates the story of a centuries-long business, Barovier&Toso, exploring its evolutions. Focusing on the different perspectives that shaped the key concepts and narrating the path followed by a centenary company, this work hopes to shed further light on this fascinating theme together with the reader.
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Rantuch, Peter, and Jozef Martinka. Chémia procesov horenia a hasenia. SPEKTRUM Publishing, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.61544/igdh6858.
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The textbook deals with burning and extinguishing processes from the point of view of chemical and physical events. The individual chapters are designed to build on each other and gradually clarify the process of pyrolysis and thermal oxidation. The basic starting point is the general chemical and physical laws, on the basis of which the phenomena associated with the initiation, propagation and termination of combustion are described. The publication also contains sections devoted to the toxicity of combustion gases, or the very current topic of flame retardants. Thus, in thirteen chapters, the reader will get a comprehensive overview from chemical nomenclature through burning processes to the possibility of ending it using extinguishing agents.
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Allen, Mike, Lars Benjaminsen, Eoin O'Sullivan, and Nicholas Pleace. Ending Homelessness? Policy Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781447347170.001.0001.
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In recent years, across Europe, North America and the Antipodes, a significant number of countries, states and regions have devised strategies that aim to end long-term homelessness and the need to sleep rough. Long considered an intractable or ‘wicked’ social problem, the notion that homelessness could be ended represents a significant sea change in conceptualising and responding to homelessness. A key driver for states, regions and municipalities to devise plans to end homelessness, and an optimism that this policy objective can be achieved, is that there is an increasing research evidence base on what works to end homelessness. This increasingly sophisticated research evidence covers both the prevention of homelessness in the first instance and the support mechanisms that can ensure sustainable exits and stable, secure accommodation for people who have experienced homelessness. This book explores these issues through a detailed comparison of the experiences of Denmark, Finland and Ireland over the past decade. From 2008 to the end of 2018, the numbers living rough and in temporary and emergency accommodation showed a decline of 72 per cent in Finland, while the number of households in emergency accommodation increased by 300 per cent in Ireland; in Denmark, the number of adults in emergency accommodation increased by 12 per cent over the shorter time period of 2009–17. The purpose of this book is to offer explanations for stark variations in these outcomes despite similar starting points.
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Kadioğlu, I. Aytaç. Peace Processes in Northern Ireland and Turkey. Edinburgh University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474479325.001.0001.
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This book assesses the impact of political, non-violent resolution efforts in the Northern Irish and Turkish-Kurdish peace processes. It offers an important contribution to conflict-resolution research, theorising the various stages involved in the attempted resolution of asymmetric conflicts. By relying on primary sources, including interviews and recently declassified archival papers, it presents an innovative framework for conflict resolution, a starting-point for further research on managing peace processes and ethno-nationalist conflicts. This book challenges the notion of ‘conflict resolution’ in these two peace processes, both far-reaching ethno-nationalist conflicts in the post-Cold War era. Incorporating fieldwork carried out until 2015, the book compares these conflicts during major peace attempts, from early secret talks and semi-official peace initiatives, to multilateral and internationalised conflict-resolution processes through not only main armed protagonists, but also independent third parties. It analyses the political resolution efforts for ending the IRA and PKK’s armed campaigns and establishing a peace agreement. It argues that peace initiatives are ongoing processes which contain not only formal peace initiatives, but also informal and secret peace efforts. It suggests that formal and informal initiatives together embody conflict resolution processes through three major aspects: backchannel communications as the unofficial aspect, peace organisations as the informal and semi-official aspect, and negotiations as the official aspect of conflict resolution efforts, which operate at the elite level of conflict resolution.
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Matheron, Georges. Matheron's Theory of Regionalised Variables. Edited by Vera Pawlowsky-Glahn and Jean Serra. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198835660.001.0001.
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This book has never been published before, although its contents have provided the basis for hundreds of papers, theses, and books on geostatistics. The chapters are based on the lectures of a summer course given by Georges Matheron in 1970; initially written in French, they were translated into English by Charles Huijbregts. They do not contain mathematical technicalities or practical case studies; instead, they present major topics like estimation variances, kriging systems, mining estimation, and intrinsic theory, all of which are established by simple proofs. The reader is invited to wonder about the physical meaning of the notions Matheron deals with. When Matheron wrote these lectures, he considered the theory of linear geostatistics complete; however, what was an ending for Matheron has been the starting point for most geostatisticians. Many discovered the book’s content indirectly, via the many borrowings one can find in several books; in such a situation, it is always instructive to come back to the original document, where the author's motivations, his physical intuitions, and his thoughts on the meaning of what he does are detailed. The decision to publish this book was motivated by the desire to introduce Matheron’s work to a larger audience. The book has remained faithful to the original notes while introducing a common structure for the chapters and sections, numbering equations sequentially within each chapter, numbering the figures (most of which were redrawn) sequentially, and adding captions. In addition, Matheron’s comments on the exercises, or suggestions for solutions, have been added.
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Reveron, Derek S., and Nikolas K. Gvosdev. National Interests and Grand Strategy. Edited by Derek S. Reveron, Nikolas K. Gvosdev, and John A. Cloud. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190680015.013.3.
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It is axiomatic that the foreign policy decisions of any country, including those of the United States, should be derived and based upon an understanding of the “national interest.” Yet there is no single, overarching conception of what constitutes the national interest or what should be considered as national interests. We see the idea of the national interest as an important starting point—a concept that enables national security policymakers to articulate what matters to the country and how a nation should set its priorities. National interests are enduring, such as protecting the integrity of the state and promoting economic prosperity. The domestic political system, international system, and organizational interests within the national security bureaucracy also shape national interests.
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Erwood, Chris, and Iris Wünschmann-Lyall. Bloomsbury Professional Trusts and Estates 2023/24. Bloomsbury Publishing Plc, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9781526529367.
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Trusts and Estates 2023/24 is a practical and accessible reference commentary that provides clear guidance on compliance and operation under current law and is indispensable when starting, running or ending a trust, or dealing with a deceased’s estate. Written by two of the leading experts in this field, this title enables practitioners to gain a better understanding of current tax law so they can confidently organise their clients’ financial affairs in a tax-efficient and compliant manner. This accessible reference guide has a user-friendly structure with ‘signposts’ at the beginning of each chapter to summarise key topics and ‘focus points’ throughout to highlight important issues, as well as numerous worked examples demonstrating how to apply the main principles in practice. Content has been updated in line with recent legislation up to Finance (No 2) Act 2023, changes to HMRC guidance, and recent case decisions including Harrison v HMRC, 2023 UKUT 00038 TCC.
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Altman, Andrew. Freedom of Speech and Religion. Edited by Hugh LaFollette. Oxford University Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199284238.003.0015.
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Freedom of speech and religion are among the central values of modern constitutional democracies. Efforts to understand what these freedoms mean and why they are important, and to translate them into enduring institutional arrangements, constitute a major part of the history of such democracies. As the twenty-first century begins, the political and theoretical debates over these values are not the same as they were in the past. Although centuries of philosophical controversy and institutional experimentation have settled some issues, others have been raised, with some surprising twists. Constitutional democracies rest on the principle that all citizens are to be treated as free and equal persons under the law. The principle is the settled starting point for all reasonable debate about freedom of speech and religion, and it entails that the law must secure for each citizen an equal and extensive scheme of basic liberties, including the liberties of speech and religion.
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Shadlen, Kenneth C. The Political Economy of Pharmaceutical Patents. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199593903.003.0002.
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The chapter provides brief introductions to intellectual property, patents, and pharmaceuticals to help the reader understand the nature of the enduring conflicts in this area. Prior to the 1990s few developing countries granted patents on pharmaceutical products, but changes in the global politics of intellectual property made doing so obligatory – the starting point for the analyses in this book. The chapter reviews the policy challenges that countries addressed in deciding how to introduce pharmaceutical patents and then in revising their new patent systems, and then presents the explanatory framework to account for cross-national and longitudinal variation. National forms of compliance with global changes are iterative and path-dependent processes, in that there are successive episodes of conflict, and the policy choices of one period exert influence on the policy choices in subsequent periods. Degrees of over-compliance with the new global order are produced through resolution of these two sets of conflicts.
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Cramer, Christopher, John Sender, and Arkebe Oqubay. African Economic Development. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198832331.001.0001.
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This book challenges conventional wisdoms both about economic performance and about policies for economic development in African countries. Its starting point is the striking variation in economic performance: unevenness and inequalities form a central fact. The authors highlight not only differences between African countries but also variations within countries, differences often organized around distinctions of gender, class, and ethnic identity. For example, school dropout and neonatal mortality have been reduced, particularly for some classes of women in some areas. Horticultural and agribusiness exports have grown far more rapidly in some countries than others. These variations (and many others) point to opportunities for changing performance, reducing inequalities, learning from other African policy experiences, and escaping the ties of structure and legacies of a colonial past. The book rejects teleological illusions and Eurocentric prejudice, but does pay close attention to the results of policy in more industrialized parts of the world. Seeing the contradictions of capitalism for what they are—fundamental and enduring—may help policy officials protect themselves against the misleading idea that development is likely to be a smooth, linear process, or that it would be were certain impediments removed. The authors criticize a wide range of orthodox and heterodox economists, especially for their cavalier attitude to statistical sources. Drawing on decades of research and policy experience, they combine careful use of available evidence from a range of African countries with heterodox political economy insights (mainly derived from Kalecki, Kaldor, and Hirschman) to make the policy case for specific types of public sector investment.
Book chapters on the topic "Starting/ending point"
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Hammes, F., and D. Link. "Use of Computer Vision to Automatically Predict Starting and Ending Point of a Rally in Badminton." In 13th World Congress of Performance Analysis of Sport and 13th International Symposium on Computer Science in Sport. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-31772-9_11.
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Kotel'nikov, Vladimir. "Парадоксальность как специфика художественного творчества Ф.М. Достоевского: приемы, стилемы, воздействие." In Biblioteca di Studi Slavistici. Firenze University Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/979-12-215-0122-3.03.
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Paradoxality as a Specific Feature of Dostoevsky’s Literary Works. Techniques, Stylistics, Mechanisms of Action All works by Dostoevsky reveal the presence of paradox. These paradoxes act according to mechanisms that depend either on the fictional (polyphonic) or nonfictional (monologic) text “dominant.” Taking as a starting point (a) the arguments of G.S. Morson, according to whom paradoxes “seem to carry the quintessence of ‘Dostoevskyism’, particularly of his brand of humor,” (b) the analysis of Dostoevsky’s paradoxical humor; and (c) the three main categories of paradoxes (“empty or rhetorical”, “negative”, “positive”), we argue that Dostoevsky applies a fourth type of paradox, one that affects neither the premise nor the ending of the paradoxical structure, but their intrinsic logical interconnection. This article analyses a repertoire of paradoxical techniques used by Dostoevsky, focusing on the destabilizing humoristic function they enact.
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Trovesi, Andrea. "Vocativo slavo e formazione di alterati: casi di reinterpretazione categoriale e convergenza formale." In Studi contrastivi di linguistica slava: grammatica e pragmatica. Firenze University Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/979-12-215-0216-9.06.
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In the Slavic languages, in which the vocative case is an unstable category (Polish, Serbian-Croatian, Macedonian, Bulgarian), the explicit vocative mark is better preserved with altered nouns, like diminutives and pejoratives. Taking this as the starting point, the paper aims at verifying whether the semantic and functional “attraction” between vocative and diminutives/pejoratives affects the formal level too, i.e. whether there are points of contact between case morphology and word formation strategies. The analysis of Polish and Bulgarian vocative forms has revealed that these two domains intersect as follows: 1) vocative case endings are reinterpreted as lexical formants; 2) the formation strategies of vocative case endings and altered nouns tend to converge.
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Dovey, Lindiwe, and Estrella Sendra. "Toward Decolonized Film Festival Worlds." In Rethinking Film Festivals in the Pandemic Era and After. Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-14171-3_14.
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AbstractThis chapter is in part a manifesto and in part an engagement with the thinking and practice already re-shaping film festivals in this era of decolonization and Covid-19. We take as a starting point and analyze the provocative docu-fiction film titled Film Festival Film (dir. Perivi Katjavivi and Mpumelelo Mcata, 2019, South Africa) which raises myriad, difficult, and enduring questions about film festivals and contemporary film culture. Reading the provocations of this film alongside our own respective research into and work with film festivals and film curation (mostly in relation to African filmmaking), we then put ourselves into conversation with 22 film festival curators and filmmakers around the world who have shared their experiences with us, as well as with recent decolonial theorizing (by, e.g., Ndlovu-Gatsheni, Mignolo and Walsh). The chapter grapples with questions such as what does decolonization mean in relation to contemporary film culture? What would decolonized film festival worlds look like? And what have film practitioners learned from their work during the Covid-19 pandemic that might help us to collectively realize those worlds? In this way, we try to chart the significant work being done by many people to build more inclusive, sustainable, decolonized film cultures.
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Dutton, James. "Conclusion: Sign: Ending Text." In Proust Between Deleuze and Derrida. Edinburgh University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474490504.003.0008.
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The book concludes by returning to its starting point: (how) did Proust sign his novel? I argue throughout that Proust’s novel becomes an elaborate strategy of literary and experiential deferral, one typified by Proust’s stated intention to continue to add to, design, and reimagine his novel in the face of his impending death. This conclusion takes up the motif that concerns the Grief chapter—Albertine’s impossible “literary” death—and employs it to consider a remarkable, brief scene from the novel, in which the narrator receives a letter he believes to be from Albertine, well after he thinks her dead. It proposes, however, that his only knowledge of her death is textual (he was told of it in a letter from her guardian), as is her resurrection; and in turn, so is the reader’s.
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de Duve, Christian. "How Did Life Arise? The Way To RNA." In Life Evolving. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195156058.003.0005.
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Abstract The details of the life-generating pathway still elude us and may do so for a long time. But they are not hidden in total darkness. First, we have a pretty good idea of what the starting and ending points were. The former consists almost certainly of the amino acids and other organic materials that arise spontaneously in various parts of the cosmos. To believe otherwise would stretch the boundaries of likelihood excessively, considering the close chemical kinships that exist between those substances and biological constituents and considering their apparent ubiquity. As to the ending point, it is represented by the common ancestor of the whole living world, most likely, as we have seen, a primitive bacterium already endowed with all the basic properties that characterize present-day life. We know the beginning and the end.
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Bachrach, Steven M. "Tour de France Stages." In Thinking Like a Physical Organic Chemist. Oxford University Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197640371.003.0003.
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Abstract The chemical reaction step is compared to a mountain stage of the famous Tour de France bicycle race. Both have a starting and ending point with some barrier to cross. Just as the bicyclist has to find the energy to climb over a mountain in the Alps, molecules must find the energy to cross chemical barriers. These chemical barriers combine the energy needed to break the correct bonds along with the energy needed to arrange molecules in the appropriate way for them to react. This latter component, called entropy, is presented through three examples.
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Noorman, Judith. "Blue Paper." In Objects, Commodities and Material Cultures in the Dutch Republic. Amsterdam University Press, 2024. https://doi.org/10.5117/9789048562770_ch09.
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This essay’s point of departure is Dutch blue paper, which has been neglected as a scholarly subject. Dutch blue paper, however, offers a kaleidoscopic view of the Dutch Republic and presents an opportunity to rethink its past, its peoples, and its place in the world in an inclusive manner. After all, the material ‘life’ of Dutch blue paper moves through the early modern world, starting in Central and South America, jour-neying across the Atlantic, passing through the Rasphuis workhouse in Amsterdam and ending up in the paper mills in the Zaanstreek. Moving from ‘global’ to ‘local’, this essay discusses the origin, history and (artistic) uses of Dutch blue paper in the seventeenth century.
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Rashmi, Rakhi. "Corporate Social Responsibility of Pharmaceutical Industry Towards Access to Medicine: A Case Study of GlaxoSmithKline." In Comparative Approaches to Biotechnology Development and Use in Developed and Emerging Nations. IGI Global, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-1040-6.ch012.
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India has changed its patent policy in 2005. It was compliance to WTO TRIPs provision and after this there was prohibition on process or generic manufacturing. India is the biggest supplier of affordable generic medicines and this patent protection is said to be beneficial to novel drug manufacturing countries. The generic drugs can be a differentiation factor between lives starting point and the ending point for millions of people in developing countries. This remains an obstacle to inexpensive generic medicines which results in devastating impact on the poorer people. These patent laws allow large MNC's to place ‘profits over people'. World Health Organisation report price of medicines are important for maintaining the affordability and access of the medicines. This research evaluates the strategies and practices of Glaxo Smith Kline in contribution towards the access to medicines and their contribution of corporate social responsibility in India.
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Rashmi, Rakhi. "Corporate Social Responsibility of Pharmaceutical Industry Towards Access to Medicine." In Corporate Social Responsibility. IGI Global, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-6192-7.ch041.
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India has changed its patent policy in 2005. It was compliance to WTO TRIPs provision and after this there was prohibition on process or generic manufacturing. India is the biggest supplier of affordable generic medicines and this patent protection is said to be beneficial to novel drug manufacturing countries. The generic drugs can be a differentiation factor between lives starting point and the ending point for millions of people in developing countries. This remains an obstacle to inexpensive generic medicines which results in devastating impact on the poorer people. These patent laws allow large MNC's to place ‘profits over people'. World Health Organisation report price of medicines are important for maintaining the affordability and access of the medicines. This research evaluates the strategies and practices of Glaxo Smith Kline in contribution towards the access to medicines and their contribution of corporate social responsibility in India.
Conference papers on the topic "Starting/ending point"
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Lindkvist, Lars. "Stiffness Model of Coiled Springs Including the Axial Asymmetry due to the Helical Geometry." In ASME 1994 Design Technical Conferences collocated with the ASME 1994 International Computers in Engineering Conference and Exhibition and the ASME 1994 8th Annual Database Symposium. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc1994-0247.
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Abstract The stiffness of a short section of a coiled spring is derived by writing the elastic energy in the spring wire, considering its actual geometric form, and then applying the Castigliano theorem. The resulting linear stiffness model includes the effects of pitch, curvature of the wire and distortion due to normal and transverse forces in the wire. Further, the starting and ending points of the spring wire are taken into consideration. This stiffness model is used to derive the locally linearized stiffness matrix for a complete coiled spring that is laterally loaded. The stiffness matrix is evaluated by first calculating the non-linear deformation for a given external load and then linearizing the analysis about that equilibrium point. The deformation is calculated by summing the contributions from a number of small spring elements for which the deformations are considered to be linear. The natural frequencies of a mechanical system consisting of a rigid body and a laterally loaded spring are calculated and compared with experimental results. These experiments clearly verify the proposed theoretical stiffness matrix for the complete spring and detect the rotational asymmetry of the spring.
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Santucci, Rosario, Mario Cerbone, Pia de Petris, and Francesca Pacifico. "Disability and labor law. Certainties, disappointments and hopes in the Italian legal experience." In Economic growth in the conditions of globalization. International Scientific-Practical Conference, XVIth edition. National Institute for Economic Research, 2022. https://doi.org/10.36004/nier.cecg.iv.2022.16.6.
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The delegated Law on Disability (No 227/2021), although hasty and incomplete, is important for adopting implementing measures that meet actual needs and also improve labor law in any case. In Italian labor law, this is not the first intervention. The labor legislation - starting with Law No. 68 of 1999 and ending with the recent Legislative Decree No. 105/2022 - conforms to international and European principles as well as the implementation of constitutional values on the centrality of the person and his dignity. They point to "targeted" placement on the abilities of people with disabilities and the appropriateness of the workplace, horizontal subsidiarity with the involvement of social enterprises, the prohibition of discrimination, and the promotion of equal opportunities through reasonable accommodation. However, things are not going so well either de facto or from the regulatory point of view, where the critical aspects of the general structure of labor market rules and public services also spill over. There are, in fact, strong disadvantages-if not genuine discrimination-in the world of employment of people with disabilities: gender, generational, type and degree of disability, geographic. The authors therefore point to the delegated decree that could also fill the gaps in the delegation, taking advantage of even recondite regulatory spaces. The basic idea is to refine the tools already in place (especially reasonable accommodations and involvement of social associations) and continue the cultural challenge to break down the stereotypes that still plague our society.
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Azer, Özlem Arzu. "Political and Economic Integration of the Central Asian and South Caucasian Turkish Republics into the Global World." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c02.00244.
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With the dissolution of Soviet Union, former Soviet Republics’ central planned economy transformed into free market economy and structural reforms were made as parallel of this development. These former socialist countries have some diffficulties to adopt capitalism due to absence of some fundamental feautures of capitalism and inheritance of Soviet Union. 
 Ending big threat of communism, the jeo-strategical importance of the region increased for the West because these countries own the oil and gas resources besides they are starting point or transit country of the energy pipelines. However, these transition countries could not develop economically and poverty became the major problem for most of Central Asian and South Caucasian Turkic Republics. As economic problems lead weakness of governance, ethnical conflicts and border conflicts threat these new independent countries. The region seems in the center of war for power due to rich natural resources and pipelines as well as the connection point to Afghanistan and being the exit to the Black Sea. 
 This paper seeks economic situations of Central Asian and South Caucasian Turkic Republics which jeo-strategical importance increased due to natural resources and geographic location during Post Cold-War era. This work is based on statistical data provided by United Nations Commodity Trade Statistics Database (COMTRADE), United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) and International Monetary Fund (IMF), covering the period of 1990-2008 and contains Azerbaijan, Kyrgyzstan, Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan.
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Forghani, Majid Ali, Artyom L. Firstkov, Pavel Alexandrovich Vasev, and Edward S. Ramsay. "Visualization of the Evolutionary Trajectory: Application of Reduced Amino Acid Alphabets and Word2Vec Embedding." In 32nd International Conference on Computer Graphics and Vision. Keldysh Institute of Applied Mathematics, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.20948/graphicon-2022-275-287.
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Analysis of viral evolution is a key element of epidemiological surveillance and control. One of the fundamental tools which is widely used to illustrate evolutionary history is the phylogenetic tree. Recently, we have proposed an alternative visualization for the phylogenetic tree using the evolutionary trajectory of its taxa. An evolutionary trajectory is a path starting from a taxon and ending at the root of the tree. In this paper, we propose an embedding of tree nodes by encoding their genetic sequence using a reduced amino acid alphabet and employing the Word2Vec framework. The suggested visualization maintains the phylogenetic relationship between nodes, while their proximity in 3D space depends on three factors: the type of reduced amino acid alphabet; fixed-length genetic patterns used in Word2Vec; and the neighbor effect of adjacent signatures. The results of our experiments showed that the majority of evolutionary history can be described in the embedded space. Moreover, they suggest potential application of our approach as an explanatory tool in studying various aspects: evolutionary dynamics; evolutionary deviation of viral variants; and phylogenetic characteristics, such as formation of new clades. Besides the usual local analysis of point mutations, the developed framework enables studying these aspects based on a more comprehensive global context, including neighboring effects, genetic signatures.
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Tuskayeva, Z. R., and D. P. Kirgueva. "Pollution of the ecosystem by construction waste." In IV All-Russian (national) scientific conference with international participation: "Science, technology, society: Environmental engineering in the interests of sustainable development of territories". Krasnoyarsk Science and Technology City Hall, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.47813/nto.4.2023.10.42-49.
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Environmental problems are becoming more and more urgent in large cities and urban agglomerations and should be assessed from the point of view of environmental safety of present and future generations of people. The most powerful polluter of the natural environment are the enterprises of the construction industry. The anthropogenic impact of construction is diverse in nature and occurs at all stages of construction activity – starting from the extraction of building materials and ending with the operation of finished objects. To reduce the harmful effects on the environment and the formation of a huge amount of waste, methods of incineration and disposal of waste have begun to be used. Meanwhile, such methods have no less harm to the ecosystem. Since the threat to the environment is global in its consequences, measures to prevent it should also be global. The article presents the most effective solution that helps to minimize such a burden on the environment. One of the promising directions for solving the use of the resource potential of the type of waste under consideration after the demolition of buildings and structures is the reuse and emergence of new building materials for new construction. Recycling becomes not only environmentally friendly, but also cost-effective.
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Bogdan, Razvan, Carmen Holotescu, Diana Andone, and Gabriela Grosseck. "HOW MOOCS ARE BEING USED FOR CORPORATE TRAINING?" In eLSE 2017. Carol I National Defence University Publishing House, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.12753/2066-026x-17-121.
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Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) have emerged as a paradigm in academic teaching and research. Year of 2012 has been declared as “the year of MOOCs” marking the point when renowned universities have joined their efforts with private companies in order to offer open and free, online education. MOOCs have been used in a plethora of scenarios, starting with offering entire courses and specializations and ending in blending them in university courses. Consequently, a large amount of research has been directed towards the evaluation of MOOCs’ usage and existent solutions. Big data techniques, machine learning algorithms, sentiment analysis are just a few of the techniques used to evaluate MOOCs-based teaching scenarios. One of the research subject which is still under development is that of applying MOOCs into private companies. How many companies are using MOOCs? Which are the scenarios in which the MOOCs are being used? What benefits are mainly looked after by the companies? Even if we find different state-of-the-art papers giving different guidelines about how the industry can actually take advantage of MOOCs, the application of MOOCs into industrial environments, projects and teams is still a topic that needs to be further addressed. The aim of this paper is to understand the degree in which private companies are using MOOCs. In this regard, the present study targeted international companies, but also organizations from Europe and Romania. The results are extremely promising into further developing of the presented approach.
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Schipor, Ovidiuandrei, and Irina Mocanu. "MAKING E-MOBILITY SUITABLE FOR ELDERLY PEOPLE." In eLSE 2016. Carol I National Defence University Publishing House, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.12753/2066-026x-16-040.
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Regular physical exercises seem to be one of most important habit for living a healthy and joyful life. No matter what the age is, physical activity offers a general framework for an improved handling of human needs, starting with the basic ones such as physiological and safety and ending with the higher one such as belonging, esteem and self-actualisation. Despite of this, the higher the age is, the lower the availability for physical exercises become. Health issues, general lack of energy or social conformism are some of the most frequent reasons for such behaviour. Moreover, these factors act like a negative feed-back mechanism conducting to chronic inactivity. That is why maintaining a high level of physical activity even at a high age become a priority. In this article we present PAT - Physical Activity Trainer, a module projected to be included in Mobile@Old - an integrated platform for assisting elderly people to maintain a healthy lifestyle in their homes. One of the primary goals is to act as non-intrusively as possible while relying on modern technologies that will insure its effectiveness. Mobile@Old will take an interdisciplinary approach making use of several novel techniques in artificial intelligence, image analysis, facial expression recognition, data fusion, knowledge extraction and agents cooperation. PAT is presented from both psychological and technological point of view. The interface between kineto-therapist and old people is based on Kinect impersonal silhouettes. Real examples of recorded exercises are also presented. Moreover, we explain the interactions amongst PAT and the other components of Mobile@Old platform.
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Knippenberg, Christopher H., Oliver J. Myers, and Christopher Nelon. "Functional Description for Thick Bistable Carbon Fiber Laminates With Rayleigh-Ritz, Abaqus, and Experiments." In ASME 2020 Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/smasis2020-2293.
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Abstract Composite laminates constructed in an asymmetric layup orientation of [0i, 90i], i > 0, exhibit two stable equilibrium positions and may be actuated to snap from a primary cure shape to an inversely related secondary stable shape. This study aims to aid in developing a comprehensive description of thick bistable laminates, whose increased thickness risks the loss of bistability, through previously established analytical approaches and verification via experimentation. The principle of minimum potential energy is applied to two materials and analyzed using the Rayleigh-Ritz minimization technique to determine the cure shapes of carbon fiber reinforced polymer laminates composed of AS4/8552 and TR50S-12k carbon fibers. These materials were modeled to act as square thick bistable laminated composites with sidelengths up to 0.914m. Visualizations of the out-of-plane displacements are shown with a description of the Rayleigh-Ritz analysis. Additionally, a finite element model (FEM) created in Abaqus CAE 6.14 and experiments using DA409/G35 and TR50S-12K/NP301 prepreg were used to further describe and develop the fundamental description for thick bistable laminates in terms of loss of bistability, actuation load, and principle shape. The analytical model is an extension of Hyer’s (2002) and Mattioni’s (2009) work applied to thick bistable laminates where the primary assumption was the x-axis curvature equaled the negative y-axis curvature for the primary and secondary stable positions, respectively. This assumption leads to the already cemented conclusion that bistable laminates, once cured, take on one of two inversely related paraboloid shapes. FEA simulations contradicted this by showing an average 11% difference in curvature magnitude for the aforementioned shapes. Furthermore, fourth order polynomials were used to describe the curvature along the axes, differing from the previously used Menger curvatures, (three-point approximation). Bifurcation plots using peak deflections and average curvature generated from FEA simulations clearly showed bistability existed to approximately 50 plies; however, the energy landscape plots indicated a significant degradation of bistability starting at 36 plies. Experimentation was performed on a test stand mimicking the same boundary conditions used in FEA while applying a central out-of-plane load. Experimental observations showed decreased peak displacements of stable cure shapes. Observations also indicated that the x-axis curvature had a significant difference in magnitude compared to the negative y-axis curvature. However, the existence of bistability agreed with FEA energy landscape plots, with clear “snaps” ending at thicknesses of 28–36 plies. Moreover, actuation force was found to correlate well with FEA simulations. Differences in the critical point can be attributed to the combination of material property differences for DA409 and TR50S-12K, failure to capture polymer relaxation, limitations of the experimental setup, and hand layup fabrication errors. Lastly, this paper adds viability of thicker laminates for use in macroscale applications where shape morphing or shape-retention attributes are a necessary constraint, although only where low loads are expected.
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Kaya, M., B. Lanzet, C. Christopher, A. Groh, S. Poludasu, and D. Dunbar. "Improving Weight-On-Bit and Differential Pressure Measurements with Connection Automation Systems and Pattern Recognition." In IADC/SPE International Drilling Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/217724-ms.
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Abstract Measuring the values of weight on bit (WOB) and differential pressure (DiffP) through accurate taring is critical for ensuring downhole tool health and creating accurate parameter roadmaps for drilling optimization. Current industry standards for taring rely on the driller to manually select a particular time when these values are zero, which is often imprecise and/or inaccurate. This paper will detail the journey this drilling contractor made to automate the taring process as part of a broader connection automation initiative, how initial solutions challenged organizational assumptions on downhole behaviors, and how a pattern recognition algorithm allowed for better tare consistency and accuracy over existing field procedures. An initial process automation procedure was designed and implemented in the rig control system (RCS) to manage the connection process, starting with coming out of slips and ending with tagging bottom. As part of this process, the system included a step to consistently tare when the drill bit is one foot off bottom and descending at a constant rate. During field trials, this method gave encouraging results over previous manual tares. Though the result did show improvement over the traditional manual taring method, discrepancies in the relationship between WOB and DiffP eventually led to an improved method of taring which utilizes a novel pattern recognition algorithm. This algorithm detects when the bit tags bottom and establishes a reference hookload (HKLD) at that point. A pattern recognition algorithm was included into the automation sequence replacing the step to tare one foot from bottom. The initial process automation routine provided consistency to the taring process which was observed during testing. The improvement in consistency revealed inconsistency in WOB tares which was supported by variance in DiffP when WOB was constant. A pattern recognition method was developed to identify when tagging bottom. This algorithm was applied to historical data providing evidence of its benefit to WOB tares. The algorithm was included in an application and then adapted and applied to DiffP tares. The application was run over a historical dataset to qualify its viability. After proving viability, it was exchanged with the taring step in the initial process automation routine and run on live wells. Taring using the pattern-recognition based application presented better results than the manual and initial automation taring methods. The overall operational impacts of each method will be discussed in further detail. The results of this project challenge underlying assumptions about how taring should be performed and improves overall understanding of the impact of different automation routines. The pattern recognition method discussed in this paper constitutes a novel application which utilizes new technology to improve existing processes.
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Ковалев, Н. О. "Risk-based model for assessing the quality of vocational education." In Социально-гуманитарные исследования: векторы развития науки и образования: материалы IX научно-практической конференции с международным участием, г. Москва, МПГУ, 25–26 апреля 2024 г. Crossref, 2024. https://doi.org/10.37492/isgo.2024.043.
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повышение качества находится в центре внимания реформы профессионального образования, и создание системы оценки качества, адаптированной к потребностям современного профессионального образования, является важной задачей реформы профессионального образования. Однако международные исследования моделей оценки качества профессионального образования до сих пор не были глубоко изучены. Чтобы выявить влияющие факторы и взаимосвязи между ними в системе оценки качества профессионального образования в Китае, в данном исследовании была разработана теоретическая модель оценки качества профессионального образования и проведена ее апробация. На основе углубленных интервью в ходе этого исследования были сделаны следующие выводы: (1) Ориентация на образование является отправной и конечной точкой оценки качества профессионального образования. Оценка качества профессионального образования напрямую отражается на профессиональных условиях и целях обучения талантов; (2) оценка качества профессионального образования фокусируется на факторах, внешних по отношению к системе образования, что является важным средством, с помощью которого качество профессионального образования может быть признано общественностью, предприятиями и отраслями промышленности; (3) существуют внутренние факторы, влияющие на оценку качества профессионального образования, а именно создание институциональных ресурсов и системы оценки. Кроме того, на основе результатов исследования предлагаются стратегии для профессиональных учебных заведений, предполагающие, что другие страны должны строго регулировать выбор специальностей, исходя из реальных потребностей отраслей; содействовать развитию технических знаний, учебных материалов и подготовке преподавателей; а также изучать функции международного обмена и сотрудничества, отраслевого сотрудничества. quality improvement is the focus of vocational education reform, and the creation of a quality assessment system adapted to the needs of modern vocational education is an important task of vocational education reform. However, international studies of models for assessing the quality of vocational education have not yet been deeply studied. To identify the influencing factors and the interrelationships between them in the system of assessing the quality of vocational education, this study developed a theoretical model for assessing the quality of vocational education and tested it. Based on in-depth interviews, the following conclusions were drawn during this study: (1) Orientation to education is the starting and ending point for assessing the quality of vocational education. The assessment of the quality of vocational education in China directly affects the professional conditions and goals of talent training; (2) The assessment of thequality of vocational education focuses on factors external to the education system, which is an important means by which the quality of vocational education can be recognized by the public, enterprises and industries; (3) There are internal factors influencing the assessment of the quality of vocational education, namely the creation of institutional resources and an assessment system. In addition, based on the results of the study, strategies are proposed for vocational educational institutions, suggesting that other countries should strictly regulate the choice of specialties based on the real needs of industries; promote the development of technical knowledge, educational materials and teacher training; as well as explore the functions of international exchange and cooperation, sectoral cooperation.