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Journal articles on the topic 'Startle reaction'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 26 January 2023

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1

Oude Nijhuis, Lars B., John H. J. Allum, Josep Valls-Solé, Sebastiaan Overeem, and Bastiaan R. Bloem. "First Trial Postural Reactions to Unexpected Balance Disturbances: A Comparison With the Acoustic Startle Reaction." Journal of Neurophysiology 104, no. 5 (2010): 2704–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.01080.2009.

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Unexpected support-surface movements delivered during stance elicit “first trial” postural reactions, which are larger and cause greater instability compared with habituated responses. The nature of this first trial reaction remains unknown. We hypothesized that first trial postural reactions consist of a generalized startle reaction, with a similar muscle synergy as the acoustic startle response, combined with an automatic postural reaction. Therefore we compared acoustic startle responses to first trial postural reactions. Eight healthy subjects stood on a support surface that unexpectedly r

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2

Momčilović-Kostadinović, D., A. Potic, and V. Lukić. "23. Startle reaction and startle epilepsy." Clinical Neurophysiology 122, no. 7 (2011): e6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clinph.2010.12.025.

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3

Panzer, Annie, and Stephen Lambert. "The anatomy of startle." Suid-Afrikaanse Tydskrif vir Natuurwetenskap en Tegnologie 26, no. 1 (2007): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/satnt.v26i1.119.

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The involuntary startle is part of the first rapid fear reactions an organism experiences in response to a sudden threatening stimulus. It is adaptive in the sense that it allows the organism to immediately withdraw from an object that might possibly be dangerous, while the higher centres of the brain are still busy processing whether the object is in fact dangerous. The involuntary startle reaction is colloquially described as “to jump with fright”. This hair-trigger system is fine-tuned to protect organisms from danger and tends to err on the side of caution. Therefore, everyone has probably

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4

Misiaszek, John E., Sydney D. C. Chodan, Arden J. McMahon, and Keith K. Fenrich. "Influence of Pairing Startling Acoustic Stimuli with Postural Responses Induced by Light Touch Displacement." Applied Sciences 10, no. 1 (2020): 382. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10010382.

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The first exposure to an unexpected, rapid displacement of a light touch reference induces a balance reaction in naïve participants, whereas an arm-tracking behaviour emerges with subsequent exposures. The sudden behaviour change suggests the first trial balance reaction arises from the startling nature of the unexpected stimulus. We investigated how touch-induced balance reactions interact with startling acoustic stimuli. Responses to light touch displacements were tested in 48 participants across six distinct combinations of touch displacement (DISPLACEMENT), acoustic startle (STARTLE), or c

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5

Carlsen, Anthony N., Michael A. Hunt, J. Timothy Inglis, David J. Sanderson, and Romeo Chua. "Altered Triggering of a Prepared Movement by a Startling Stimulus." Journal of Neurophysiology 89, no. 4 (2003): 1857–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00852.2002.

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An experiment is reported that investigated the effects of an auditory startling stimulus on a compound movement task. Previous findings have shown that, in a targeting task, a secondary movement can be initiated based on the proprioceptive information provided by a primary movement. Studies involving the presentation of a startling stimulus have shown that in reaction time (RT) tasks, prepared ballistic movements could be released early when participants are startled. In the present study we sought to determine whether the secondary component in an ongoing movement task, once prepared, could

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6

Carlsen, Anthony N., Romeo Chua, J. Timothy Inglis, David J. Sanderson, and Ian M. Franks. "Differential Effects of Startle on Reaction Time for Finger and Arm Movements." Journal of Neurophysiology 101, no. 1 (2009): 306–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00878.2007.

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Recent studies using a reaction time (RT) task have reported that a preprogrammed response could be triggered directly by a startling acoustic stimulus (115–124 dB) presented along with the usual “go” signal. It has been suggested that details of the upcoming response could be stored subcortically and are accessible by the startle volley, directly eliciting the correct movement. However, certain muscles (e.g., intrinsic hand) are heavily dependent on cortico-motoneuronal connections and thus would not be directly subject to the subcortical startle volley in a similar way to muscles whose inner

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7

Ekman, Paul, Wallace V. Friesen, and Ronald C. Simons. "Is the startle reaction an emotion?" Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 49, no. 5 (1985): 1416–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.49.5.1416.

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8

Castellote, J. M., M. Kofler, A. Mayr, and L. Saltuari. "Startle reaction evoked by kinematic stimuli." Clinical Neurophysiology 127, no. 3 (2016): e5-e6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clinph.2015.10.018.

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9

Müller, Jörg, Martina Rinnerthaler, Werner Poewe, and Markus Kofler. "Auditory startle reaction in primary blepharospasm." Movement Disorders 22, no. 2 (2007): 268–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mds.21270.

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10

Cappucci, Paola, Ángel Correa, Pedro Guerra, and Juan Lupiáñez. "Differential effects of intensity and response preparation components of acoustic warning signals." Psicológica Journal 39, no. 2 (2018): 292–318. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/psicolj-2018-0013.

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AbstractIt is known that the increase of intensity on a warning signal (WS) usually decreases reaction times to targets and occasionally is accompanied by a startle reflex reaction that influences the speediness of response execution. In a simple detection task (Experiment 1), a detection task with catch trials (Experiment 2) and a Go-NoGo discrimination task (Experiment 3), we studied the relationship between response preparation and alerting mechanisms operating upon the presentation of warning signals. A WS was presented either synchronously with the target (simultaneous condition) or 1400

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11

Schächinger. "Die Schreckreaktion (Startle Reaction) in der Emotionsforschung." Praxis 92, no. 38 (2003): 1584–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1024/0369-8394.92.38.1584.

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Die menschliche Schreckreaktion ist durch emotionale Zustände moduliert. Sie ist trotz gleichbleibendem standardisierten Auslösereiz bei negativ emotionalem Kontext wie Angst und Furcht verstärkt und bei positivem abgeschwächt. Dieser Zusammenhang lässt sich technisch einfach erheben und ist auch bei Tieren nachweisbar. Damit steht ein somatisch verankertes, sprachfreies, die Speziesgrenze überragendes Erhebungsverfahren zur humanen Emotionsforschung zur Verfügung.

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12

Carlsen, Anthony N., Quincy J. Almeida, and Ian M. Franks. "Startle decreases reaction time to active inhibition." Experimental Brain Research 217, no. 1 (2011): 7–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00221-011-2964-9.

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13

Kofler, Markus, J�rg M�ller, Gregor K. Wenning, et al. "The auditory startle reaction in parkinsonian disorders." Movement Disorders 16, no. 1 (2001): 62–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1531-8257(200101)16:1<62::aid-mds1002>3.0.co;2-v.

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14

Villas-Boas, Julia Dias, Daniel Penteado Martins Dias, Pablo Ignacio Trigo, Norma Aparecida dos Santos Almeida, Fernando Queiroz de Almeida, and Magda Alves de Medeiros. "Acupuncture Affects Autonomic and Endocrine but Not Behavioural Responses Induced by Startle in Horses." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2015 (2015): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/219579.

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Startle is a fast response elicited by sudden acoustic, tactile, or visual stimuli in a variety of animals and in humans. As the magnitude of startle response can be modulated by external and internal variables, it can be a useful tool to study reaction to stress. Our study evaluated whether acupuncture can change cardiac autonomic modulation (heart rate variability); and behavioural (reactivity) and endocrine (cortisol levels) parameters in response to startle. Brazilian Sport horses(n=6)were subjected to a model of startle in which an umbrella was abruptly opened near the horse. Before start

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15

Smith, Victoria, Dana Maslovat, and Anthony N. Carlsen. "StartReact effects are dependent on engagement of startle reflex circuits: support for a subcortically mediated initiation pathway." Journal of Neurophysiology 122, no. 6 (2019): 2541–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00505.2019.

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The “StartReact” effect refers to the rapid involuntary triggering of a prepared movement in response to a loud startling acoustic stimulus (SAS). This effect is typically confirmed by the presence of short-latency electromyographic activity in startle reflex-related muscles such as the sternocleidomastoid (SCM); however, there is debate regarding the specific neural pathways involved in the StartReact effect. Some research has implicated a subcortically mediated pathway, which would predict different response latencies depending on the presence of a startle reflex. Alternatively, other resear

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16

Arikan, Kemal, Omer Uysal, Oznur Oran, Adnan Coban, Hayati Tolun, and Zekeriya Kokrek. "Earthquake Related Startle Reaction and its EEG Correlates." Clinical Electroencephalography 32, no. 4 (2001): 205–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/155005940103200408.

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17

Keshavan, Shivan, Guruprasad Peruri, Renu Suthar, Suresh Kumar Angurana, Lokesh Saini, and Jitendra Sahu. "A Neonate with Exaggerated Startle and Tonic Spasms." Journal of Pediatric Neurology 17, no. 04 (2018): 146–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1661413.

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AbstractHyperekplexia is a rare, potentially treatable inherited disorder of glycinergic neurotransmission, which is characterized by neonatal onset exaggerated startle response to somatosensory, auditory stimuli, and episodic tonic spasm. Prolonged tonic spasms can be life-threatening and associated with apnea and bradycardia. Awareness about this condition avoids misdiagnosis such as tonic seizures and epilepsy. We describe a term newborn with episodic tonic stiffness mistaken for seizures. Classical exaggerated startle reaction, positive head retraction response to glabellar tap, and charac

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18

Hiley, HM, VM Janik, and T. Götz. "Behavioural reactions of harbour porpoises Phocoena phocoena to startle-eliciting stimuli: movement responses and practical applications." Marine Ecology Progress Series 672 (August 19, 2021): 223–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/meps13757.

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Acoustic deterrent devices are frequently used as a mitigation method to exclude harbour porpoises Phocoena phocoena from areas of potential harm, such as wind farm construction sites. However, there is increasing evidence that the devices themselves have the capacity to cause hearing damage. Here, we investigated the response of harbour porpoises to a 15 min sequence of 200 ms sound (peak frequency 10.5 kHz, range 5.5-20.5 kHz, 27 sounds total), which elicits the acoustic startle reflex. We used a duty cycle (0.6%) and sound exposure level that were significantly lower than in conventional ac

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19

Ison, James R. "The physiology and psychophysics of the acoustic startle reaction." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 98, no. 5 (1995): 2939. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.414109.

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20

Carlsen, Anthony N., Romeo Chua, J. Timothy Inglis, David J. Sanderson, and Ian M. Franks. "Startle response is dishabituated during a reaction time task." Experimental Brain Research 152, no. 4 (2003): 510–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00221-003-1575-5.

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21

Valls-Solé, J., A. Solé, F. Valldeoriola, E. Muñoz, L. E. Gonzalez, and E. S. Tolosa. "Reaction time and acoustic startle in normal human subjects." Neuroscience Letters 195, no. 2 (1995): 97–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0304-3940(94)11790-p.

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22

Armus, Harvard L. "Startle and Reward-Based Avoidance-Avoidance Conflict." Psychological Reports 59, no. 2 (1986): 483–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1986.59.2.483.

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Using 30 male rats in a within-subjects design, the hypothesis was tested that avoidance-avoidance conflict based on the omission of food reward in a two-choice discrimination task would result in a more intense acoustic startle reaction than would the absence of such conflict. To maintain a high level of conflict, training days were interspersed between test days. Data showed no differences between conflict and nonconflict conditions.

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23

Rekha, C., L. R. Saranya, R. Karthik, Vimala Sarojini, and R. Paramaguru. "A rare case of familial hyperekplexia." Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biological Research 4, no. 04 (2016): 13–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.30750/ijpbr.4.4.3.

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Familial hyperekplexiaia a rare autosomal dominant or sporadic disorder characterized by abnormal startle reaction elicited by auditory or somatosensory stimuli. Here we report a 3 months old female child presented with complaints of exaggerated startle response followed by shrill cry to tactile stimuli over the face noticed by mother since birth. There was also a positive family history in her father and father’s brother. Neurological examination was normal except for hyperreflexia. Child was evaluated further and investigations like EEG and imaging were done. IEM workup was also done. Invest

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24

Garg, R., R. Ramachandran, and P. Sharma. "Anaesthetic Implications of Hyperekplexia—'Startle Disease’." Anaesthesia and Intensive Care 36, no. 2 (2008): 254–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0310057x0803600217.

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This report describes anaesthesia for consanguineous siblings with the rare genetic condition hyperekplexia. This condition is also known as ‘stiff baby syndrome’ or ‘startle disease’. Hyperekplexia can present in major and minor forms and is caused by a mutation in chromosome 5 which results in a defect in the α-1 subunit of the inhibitory glycine receptors in the caudal pontine reticular formation leading to neuronal hyperexcitability. The patients present with a potentially life-threatening exaggerated startle reflex. Life-threatening spasms may be terminated by forced flexion of the head a

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25

Gunduz, A., M. E. Kiziltan, G. Kiziltan, D. Yavuz, and D. Karadeniz. "Somatosensory and auditory startle reaction in patients with movement disorders." Clinical Neurophysiology 127, no. 3 (2016): e3-e4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clinph.2015.10.011.

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26

Frauscher, Birgit, Wolfgang N. Löscher, Birgit Högl, Werner Poewe, and Markus Kofler. "Auditory Startle Reaction is disinhibited in idiopathic Restless Legs Syndrome." Sleep 30, no. 4 (2007): 489–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sleep/30.4.489.

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27

Gómez-Nieto, Ricardo, Sebastián Hormigo, and Dolores E. López. "Prepulse Inhibition of the Auditory Startle Reflex Assessment as a Hallmark of Brainstem Sensorimotor Gating Mechanisms." Brain Sciences 10, no. 9 (2020): 639. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci10090639.

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When a low-salience stimulus of any type of sensory modality—auditory, visual, tactile—immediately precedes an unexpected startle-like stimulus, such as the acoustic startle reflex, the startle motor reaction becomes less pronounced or is even abolished. This phenomenon is known as prepulse inhibition (PPI), and it provides a quantitative measure of central processing by filtering out irrelevant stimuli. As PPI implies plasticity of a reflex and is related to automatic or attentional processes, depending on the interstimulus intervals, this behavioral paradigm might be considered a potential m

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28

FILION, DIANE L., MICHAEL E. DAWSON, and ANNE M. SCHELL. "Probing the orienting response with startle modification and secondary reaction time." Psychophysiology 31, no. 1 (1994): 68–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8986.1994.tb01026.x.

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29

Valls-Solé, Josep, Markus Kofler, Hatice Kumru, Juan Manuel Castellote, and Maria Teresa Sanegre. "Startle-induced reaction time shortening is not modified by prepulse inhibition." Experimental Brain Research 165, no. 4 (2005): 541–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00221-005-2332-8.

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30

Redondo, Alberto José, Juan Carranza, and Pablo Trigo. "Fat diet reduces stress and intensity of startle reaction in horses." Applied Animal Behaviour Science 118, no. 1-2 (2009): 69–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.applanim.2009.02.008.

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31

Quevedo, Karina M., Stephen D. Benning, Megan R. Gunnar, and Ronald E. Dahl. "The onset of puberty: Effects on the psychophysiology of defensive and appetitive motivation." Development and Psychopathology 21, no. 1 (2009): 27–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954579409000030.

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AbstractWe examined puberty-specific effects on affect-related behavior and on the psychophysiology of defensive and appetitive motivation while controlling for age. Adolescents (N = 94, ages = 12 and 13 years) viewed 75 pictures (International Affective Picture System: pleasant, neutral, and aversive) while listening to auditory probes. Startle response and postauricular (PA) reflex were collected as measures of defensive and appetitive motivation, respectively. Pubertal status and measures of anxiety/stress reaction and sensation/thrill seeking were obtained. Mid-/late pubertal adolescents s

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32

Schulz, André, Claus Vögele, Katja Bertsch, et al. "Cardiac cycle phases affect auditory-evoked potentials, startle eye blink and pre-motor reaction times in response to acoustic startle stimuli." International Journal of Psychophysiology 157 (November 2020): 70–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2020.08.005.

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33

Valls-Solé, Josep. "408 Prepulse effects on the auditory blink reflex and the startle reaction." International Journal of Psychophysiology 30, no. 1-2 (1998): 158. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0167-8760(98)90407-x.

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34

Alfvén, G., S. Grillner, and E. Andersson. "Children with chronic stress-induced recurrent muscle pain have enhanced startle reaction." European Journal of Pain 21, no. 9 (2017): 1561–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ejp.1057.

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35

Maercker, Andreas, and Anke Karl. "Lifespan-Developmental Differences in Physiologic Reactivity to Loud Tones in Trauma Victims: A Pilot Study." Psychological Reports 93, no. 3 (2003): 941–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.2003.93.3.941.

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Age at exposure to trauma has been identified as a risk factor for severity of trauma sequelae due to the developmental vulnerability of several brain structures involved in trauma processing. To investigate whether persons traumatized in adolescence show elevated arousal and startle reaction parameters, we studied persons traumatized by political imprisonment in the former East Germany either in their late adolescence or young adulthood (17–22 years, n = 9) or middle adulthood (35–50 years, n = 6). Physiological reactions (skin conductance, heart rate) to loud tones and self-report tests were

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36

Sanders, Ozell, Hao Yuan Hsiao, Douglas N. Savin, Robert A. Creath, and Mark W. Rogers. "Aging changes in protective balance and startle responses to sudden drop perturbations." Journal of Neurophysiology 122, no. 1 (2019): 39–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00431.2018.

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This study investigated aging changes in protective balance and startle responses to sudden drop perturbations and their effect on landing impact forces (vertical ground reaction forces, vGRF) and balance stability. Twelve healthy older (6 men; mean age = 72.5 ± 2.32 yr, mean ± SE) and 12 younger adults (7 men; mean age = 28.09 ± 1.03 yr) stood atop a moveable platform and received externally triggered drop perturbations of the support surface. Electromyographic activity was recorded bilaterally over the sternocleidomastoid (SCM), middle deltoid, biceps brachii, vastus lateralis (VL), biceps f

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37

Maslovat, Dana, Paul M. Kennedy, Christopher J. Forgaard, Romeo Chua, and Ian M. Franks. "The effects of prepulse inhibition timing on the startle reflex and reaction time." Neuroscience Letters 513, no. 2 (2012): 243–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neulet.2012.02.052.

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38

Lipp, Ottmar V., Daniel M. Kaplan, and Helena M. Purkis. "Reaction time facilitation by acoustic task-irrelevant stimuli is not related to startle." Neuroscience Letters 409, no. 2 (2006): 124–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neulet.2006.09.025.

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39

Rektor, I., and M. Švejdová. "Inhibition of the startle reaction by physostigmine in patients with early brain damage." Acta Neurologica Scandinavica 86, no. 3 (1992): 312–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0404.1992.tb05092.x.

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40

Lipp, Ottmar V. "Anticipation of a non-aversive reaction time task facilitates the blink startle reflex." Biological Psychology 59, no. 2 (2002): 147–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0301-0511(02)00003-0.

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41

Jaworski, Rebecca L., Martin Jirout, Shamara Closson, et al. "Heart Rate and Blood Pressure Quantitative Trait Loci for the Airpuff Startle Reaction." Hypertension 39, no. 2 (2002): 348–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/hy0202.103419.

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42

Gowen, Christopher L., Prashanna Khwaounjoo, and Yusuf O. Cakmak. "EMG-Free Monitorization of the Acoustic Startle Reflex with a Mobile Phone: Implications of Sound Parameters with Posture Related Responses." Sensors 20, no. 21 (2020): 5996. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20215996.

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(1) Background: Acute acoustic (sound) stimulus prompts a state of defensive motivation in which unconscious muscle responses are markedly enhanced in humans. The orbicularis oculi (OO) of the eye is an easily accessed muscle common for acoustic startle reaction/response/reflex (ASR) investigations and is the muscle of interest in this study. Although the ASR can provide insights about numerous clinical conditions, existing methodologies (Electromyogram, EMG) limit the usability of the method in real clinical conditions. (2) Objective: With EMG-free muscle recording in mind, our primary aim wa

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43

Lipp, Ottmar V., David A. T. Siddle, and Patricia J. Dall. "The effect of warning stimulus modality on blink startle modification in reaction time tasks." Psychophysiology 37, no. 1 (2000): 55–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1469-8986.3710055.

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Kumru, Hatice, and Josep Valls-Solé. "Excitability of the pathways mediating the startle reaction before execution of a voluntary movement." Experimental Brain Research 169, no. 3 (2005): 427–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00221-005-0156-1.

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45

Valls-Sole, Josep. "Assessment of excitability in brainstem circuits mediating the blink reflex and the startle reaction." Clinical Neurophysiology 123, no. 1 (2012): 13–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clinph.2011.04.029.

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46

Valls-Solé, J., Francesc Valldeoriola, José Luis Molinuevo, Giovanni Cossu, and Fritz Nobbe. "Prepulse modulation of the startle reaction and the blink reflex in normal human subjects." Experimental Brain Research 129, no. 1 (1999): 49–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002210050935.

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47

Hering, S., J. Müller, W. Poewe, and M. Kofler. "P20. Botulinum toxin treatment has no influence on auditory startle reaction in primary blepharospasm." Clinical Neurophysiology 118, no. 12 (2007): 2822. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clinph.2007.09.049.

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48

Storozheva, Z. I., A. V. Kirenskaya, I. E. Lazarev, V. Yu Novototskii-Vlasov, D. V. Samylkin, and G. A. Fastovtsov. "Prepulse Modification of the Acoustic Startle Reaction in Healthy Subjects and Patients with Schizophrenia." Neuroscience and Behavioral Physiology 42, no. 2 (2011): 128–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11055-011-9545-z.

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49

Riede, K. "Prepulse inhibition of the startle reaction in the locust Locusta migratoria (Insecta: Orthoptera: Acridoidea)." Journal of Comparative Physiology A 172, no. 3 (1993): 351–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00216617.

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50

Hormigo, Sebastian, and Carlos Moreno. "Can startle response magnitudes be used as a tool to predict sportive capacities? A comparative study between healthy young adults and athletes." International Journal of Physical Education, Fitness and Sports 8, no. 2 (2019): 14–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.26524/ijpefs1923.

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The acoustic startle reflex (ASR) is an intense reaction that involves the contraction of muscle groups in response to an unexpected stimulus. We proposed that an ASR measurement may be used to select physical characteristics among healthy people, including athletes. To find the relationship between the ASR and physical conditioning level, we designed a study to perform ASR measurements, anthropometric measurements, neuromuscular conjugation exercises, strength test, and flexibility test. We studied young adults into 4 groups: male-control, male-athlete, female-control, and female-athlete. Our

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