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Horníček, Jiří. "Aplikace fuzzy logiky při hodnocení dodavatelů firmy." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta podnikatelská, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-222927.
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The diploma thesis analyze problems dealing with options of rating and selection of suitable supplier. Describes used methods and procedures for the suppliers rating and focuses on use of fuzzy logic. The thesis brings to STRA spol. s r.o. a rating model of existing and selected potential suppliers that should help company with rating present and future supplier ralationships.
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Nguyen, Duc M. "Controllability and Observability of the Discrete Fractional Linear State-Space Model." TopSCHOLAR®, 2018. https://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/2574.
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This thesis aims to investigate the controllability and observability of the discrete fractional linear time-invariant state-space model. First, we will establish key concepts and properties which are the tools necessary for our task. In the third chapter, we will discuss the discrete state-space model and set up the criteria for these two properties. Then, in the fourth chapter, we will attempt to apply these criteria to the discrete fractional model. The general flow of our objectives is as follows: we start with the first-order linear difference equation, move on to the discrete system, then the fractional difference equation, and finally the discrete fractional system. Throughout this process, we will develop the solutions to the (fractional) difference equations, which are the basis of our criteria.
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Remeš, Filip. "Aplikace fuzzy logiky při výběrů dodavatele." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Ústav soudního inženýrství, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-232751.
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The diploma thesis employs modern analysing and simulating methods. It enables the application of fuzzy logic in supplier selection and evaluation of its potential risks to construction companies. This work is aimed at defining the problem and determining the overall and particular goals, namely theoretical description of the principle of used artificial intelligence theory, problem description and analysis, current situation as-sessment, proposed solution implementation and evaluation of proposed solution con-tribution.
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Alsayigh, Ali. "Applying lean principles to transform conventional oil and gas production operations in a Gulf State into cleaner energy." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2015. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/19485.
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There is much interest in the protection of the ecosystem within the oil and gas industry. This is particularly significant in the countries of the Middle East where the oil and gas sectors contribute a large part, in some cases all of the country economies. A case study research analysis into the Lean and Green principles of one of the State of Kuwait organisations could offer the country huge potential and could benefit other Arabian Gulf countries. In the chosen country (Kuwait), Kuwait Oil Company (KOC) has no other outlet for its business apart from oil and gas production. It also does not concern itself with other support business that could contribute to Kuwait's economy.
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Adabi, Firouzjaee Mohammad Ebrahim. "Advanced modeling of solid state transformer." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/461451.
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The solid state transformer (SST) is seen as a proper replacement of the conventional iron-and-copper transformer in the future smart grid . The SST offers several benefits (e.g. enhanced power quality performance or reactive power control at both primary and secondary sides) that can be of paramount importance for the development of the smart grid .
This research focuses on the development and implementation of an advanced model of a three stage bidirectional SST in Matlab/Simulink. The goal is to obtain an realistic SST model (i.e. as close to the real SST as possible) that could duplicate the performance of a real MV/LV SST. This considered design consists of three main stages: medium voltage (MV) stage, isolation stage, and low voltage (LV) stage. When the power flows from the MV side to the LV side, the input power-frequency ac voltage is converted into a MV dc voltage by the three-phase ac/dc converter, which in such case works as rectifier. The isolation stage, which includes a high-frequency transformer (HFT) and the two corresponding MV- and LV-side converters, first converts the MV-side dc voltage into a high-frequency square-wave voltage applied to the primary of the HFT; the secondary side square-wave signal is then converted to a LV dc waveform by the LV-side converter, which also works as rectifier. Finally, the output LV-side three-phase dc/ac converter, which works as inverter, provides the output power-frequency ac waveform from the LV-side dc link.
Si-based semiconductor technologies can be used for MV applications using a multilelvel configuration. Recently, modular multilevel converter (MMC) topologies have attracted attention for high or medium voltage applications. These converters can provide an effective topology for the MV side of the SST; their main advantages are modularity and scalability: the desired voltage level can be easily achieved by a series connection of MMC sub-modules (SMs). In addition,a MMC topology can provide high power quality and efficiency with reduced size of passive filters. These features made the MMC option an attractive topology for the MV stage of the SST.
This thesis proposes a three-stage SST configuration based on MMC technology for MV converters.
* The input stage of the SST is connected to the distribution system via RL filters and its three-phase configuration uses a MMC technology. A half-bridge configuration is proposed for each SM.
* The isolation stage consists of three parts: a MV single-phase MMC, the high-frequency transformer (HFT), and a single-phase LV PWM converter.
* The LV side of the SST uses a three-phase four-leg PWM converter, with an RL impedance for filtering currents and a capacitor bank for filtering voltages.
The converters and their controller have been implemented adn tested considering models without and with semiconductor losses, while the SST model has been tested as a stand-alone device and a compnent of a distribution system.
The model has been tested under severe dynamic and unbalanced conditions. The simulation results support the choices made for any SST stage and proves that the proposed design could be a feasible choice for the future SST.El Transformador de Estado Sólido ("Solid State Transformer" por sus siglas en inglés) es visto como un reemplazo adecuado del transformador convencional en las futuras redes inteligentes (smart grids ). Este nuevo dispositivo presenta una amplia gama de prestaciones (p.e. mejora de la cualidad de suministro) que pueden ser de crucial importancia para el desarrollo de las redes inteligentes. El principal objetivo de esta tesis es que desarrollar e implantar el en Matlab/Simulink un modelo realista de estado sólido trifásico y bidireccional, que pueda duplicar el comportamiento de un transformador de estado sólido de Media-Baja tensión. El diseño considerado consiste en tres etapas: etapa en media tensión (MT), etapa intermedia, etapa en baja tensión (BT). Cuando la potencia fluye del terminal en media al terminal en baja tensión, la tensión alterna en el terminal de entrada a media tensión y frecuencia de operación 50 Hz se convierte en continua a media tensión mediante un convertidor trifásico rectificador. La etapa intermedia es un puente activo dual, que incluye un transformador de alta frecuencia y los correspondientes convertidores en media y baja tensión: primero, la media tensión continua es convertida en media tensión alterna a alta frecuencia; esta tensión es reducida a baja tensión preservando la alta frecuencia mediante el transformador, finalmente, la tensión en el terminal de salida del transformador es rectificada y convertida en baja tensión continua). La entrada en la etapa de salida en BT es, por tanto, una tensión continua que es convertida en tensión alterna a frecuencia de operación 50 Hz mediante un convertidor que funciona como inversor. Puesto que el diseño del dispositivo estudiado en esta tesis es bidireccional, en caso de que la potencia tenga que fluir desde el lado de BT al lado de MT, la función de los convertidores se invierte (es decir, los rectificadores pasan a operar como inversores, los inversores pasan a operar como rectificadores) en cualquiera de las etapas. Los actuales semiconductores solo pueden ser utilizados en aplicaciones de media y alta tensión empleando convertidores multi-nivel. Durante los últimos años ha ganado popularidad la tecnología MMC (modular multilevel converter), que permite diseñar configuraciones adecuadas para el lado de MT de un transformador de estado sólido; sus principales ventajas están en modularidad y escalabilidad: el nivel de tensión adecuado se puede conseguir mediante la conexión en serie de tantos sub-módulos como sea necesario. Además con la tecnología MMC se puede obtener una alta calidad en las ondas de tensión y corriente, así como un elevado rendimiento con tamaño reducido en los filtros de entrada. Esta tesis propone un diseño trifásico bidireccional con las siguientes características: - La etapa de entrada está conectada a una red de distribución en MT mediante filtros RL y su configuración trifásica usa convertidores de tecnología MMC. - La etapa intermedia contiene tres secciones: un convertidor monofásico en configuración MMC, un transformador de MT/BT y alta frecuencia, y un convertidor monofásico en BT. - La etapa de salida en BT usa un convertidor trifásico PWM (pulse wide modulation), con un filtro RL para las corrientes y un banco de condensadores para filtrar tensiones. Los convertidores han sido implantados en Matlab/Simulink y simulados considerando modelos con y sin pérdidas en los semiconductores, mientras que el modelo completo de transformador de estado sólido ha sido analizado considerando dos configuraciones distintas del sistema a estudiar: el transformador aislado y formando parte de una red de distribución en MT. Los modelos de transformador con y sin pérdidas han sido simulados bajo ciertas condiciones de operación. Los resultados confirman que la configuración seleccionada para cada etapa del nuevo dispositivo permite obtener un diseño fiable que puede mejorar el funcionamiento de las futuras redes inteligentes.
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Lujková, Lenka. "Aplikace fuzzy logiky při hodnocení dodavatelů firmy." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta podnikatelská, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-222046.
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This thesis engages in subject matter application of fuzzy logic for rating of suppliers of the firm. This thesis analyses and evaluates competing firms offering to windows exchange and roofing exchange. This thesis can help municipal office in Vážany by decision making, which firm choose.
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Kendall, Haydn G. "Investigation of leakage flux in transformer tanks." Thesis, Cardiff University, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.329641.
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Ntwoku, Stephane Ntuomou. "Dynamic transformer protection a novel approach using state estimation." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/45879.
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Transformers are very important parts of any electrical network, and their size increase so does their price. Protecting these important devices is a daunting task due to the wide variety of operating conditions. This thesis develops a new protection scheme based on state estimation.The foundation upon which our protection scheme is built is the modeling of the single phase transformer system of equations. The transformer equations are composed of polynomial and differential equations and this system of equations involving the transformer's electrical quantities are modeled into a system of equations such that highest degree of each of the system's equations is quadratic―in a process named Quadratization and then integrated using a technique called Quadratic integration to give a set of algebraic companion equations that can be solved numerically to determine the health of the transformer.
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FERREIRA, CARLOS APARECIDO. "AN IMPROVED STEADY-STATE MODEL FOR TAP-CHANGING TRANSFORMER." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2011. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=21702@1.
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PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIROO fenômeno de estabilidade de tensão vem despertando grande interesse acadêmico e das principais empresas de energia elétrica do mundo desde que começou a ser observado em sistemas reais, no final da década de setenta. Sua ocorrência está relacionada ao carregamento excessivo das linhas de transmissão. Modelar transformador com tap variável adequadamente é fundamental em análises de estabilidade de tensão, tanto no que diz respeito às informações fornecidas ao operador referentes às margens de estabilidade de tensão, quanto aos efeitos de ações de controle de tensão. O modelo de transformador com tap variável utilizado mundialmente consiste de uma impedância, obtida através do ensaio em curto-circuito e com tap nominal, em série com um transformador ideal. Esta tese mostra que, em estudos de estabilidade de tensão, o uso desse modelo leva a resultados qualitativamente errados. Para demonstração, utiliza-se um circuito pequeno e os conceitos de máxima potência transmitida, impedância equivalente da carga, e efeito do controle de tensão. Propõe-se um novo modelo coerente com os resultados obtidos em laboratório, com as leis de circuitos elétricos e com a teoria de estabilidade de tensão. Esse modelo pode ser utilizado em qualquer estudo em regime permanente. Através de diversas simulações computacionais, diferenças quantitativas e principalmente qualitativas foram obtidas comparando-se os resultados dos dois modelos.
The voltage stability phenomenon is of interest since it began to be observed in real systems in the late seventies. It happens due to excessive loading of transmission lines. The modeling of tap-changing transformers is fundamental in voltage stability analysis, in terms of the information provided to the operator about voltage stability margins and the effects of voltage control actions. The model for tap-changing transformers currently in widespread use consists of an impedance, measured in a short-circuit test with a nominal tap, in series with an ideal transformer. The use of this model in voltage stability studies leads to qualitatively incorrect results, as shown in this thesis. For demonstration purpose a small circuit and the concepts of maximum load, equivalent load impedance and voltage control effects are used. An improved model that takes into account laboratory results, circuit laws and voltage stability theory is proposed. This model can be used in any steady-state study. It gives results that are not only more accurate than those obtained with the conventional model, but also, as shown in this thesis, qualitatively different.
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Rao, Anantha N. "Learning-based Visual Odometry - A Transformer Approach." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1627658636420617.
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Schietekat, Louis Magnus. "Design and implementation of the main controller of a solid-state transformer." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/17899.
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Thesis (MScEng)--Stellenbosch University, 2011.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The Solid-State Transformer (SST) is presented as an alternative to the traditional Line-Frequency Transformer (LFT) used for voltage-level transformation in distribution grids. The LFT technology is highly matured which results in low costs and high efficiency. The SST however, introduces several advantages compared to the LFT, some of which are input unity power-factor, near perfect output-voltage regulation, frequency variation as well as harmonic filtering. The SST consists of three power-electronic converter stages: The input stage, the isolation stage and the output stage. The input and isolation stages are implemented with a multilevelconverter topology incorporating a converter-stack for each phase. Each stack consists of N converter building blocks, called cells. In this thesis the design and implementation of the main controller is presented. The main controller, together with N cell controllers, is responsible for the control of the cells within the respective stack. Three main controllers are thus implemented within the SST. Each cell consists of an Active Rectifier (AR) and a DC-DC Converter (DC-DC). The SST control design thus starts with the AR control which is subsequently expanded to Cascaded Active-Rectifier (CAR) control. Design is completed with the addition of the DC-DC control. Time domain simulations of the AR- and CAR-control are presented and discussed. Test measurements, verifying functionality of each control design-phase, are presented and discussed.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die Drywingselektroniese Transformator (DET) word voorgestel as ’n alternatief vir die Lyn Frekwensie Transformator (LFT) wat gebruik word vir spannings-vlak tranformasie op distribusie vlak. The LFT tegnologie is ver gevorderd wat ly tot hoë effektiwiteit en lae kostes. The DET bied wel voordele soos intree eenheids arbeid faktor, na aan perfecte uittree-spannings regulasie, frequensie variasie sovel as harmoniese filrteering. Die DET bestaan uit drie drywingselektroniese omsetter stadiums: Die intree-stadium, die isolasie-stadium en die uittree-stadium. The intree- en isolasie-stadiums word geïmplimenteer met ’n multivlak-omsetter topologie wat bestaan uit ’n omsetter-stapel vir elke fase. Elke stapel bestaan uit N omsetter boustene wat selle genoem word. In hierdie tesis word the ontwerp en implementasie van die hoofbeheerder voorgestel. Die hoofbeheerder, tesame met N selbeheerders, is verantwoordelik vir die beheer van elke sel in die spesifieke stapel. In die DET word daar dus drie hoofbeheerders gebruik. Elke sel bestaan uit ’n Aktiewe Gelykrigter (AG) en ’n GS-GS omsetter (GS-GS). Die DET beheerontwerp begin dus met die (AG) beheer wat daarna uitgebrei word na Kaskade Aktiewe Gelykrigter (KAG) beheer. Die beheer ontwerp word voltooi deur die byvoeging van die GSGS beheer. Tyd-gebied simulasies van die AG- en KAG-beheer word voorgelê en bespreek. Toetsmetings wat die funksionaliteit van elke beheer ontwepsfase verifeer, word voorgelê.
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Mkhonta, Sizwe. "Development of a finite element matrix (fem)three-phase three-limb transformer model for Geomagnetically Induced Currents (GIC) experiments." Master's thesis, Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/32805.
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Geomagnetically Induced Currents (GIC) have been a growing concern within power system operators and researchers as they have been widely reported to lead to power system related issues and material damage to system components like power transformers. In power transformers, GIC impacts are evidenced by part-wave saturation, resulting in transformers experiencing increased presence of odd and even harmonics. The three-phase three-limb (3p3L) transformer has been found to be the most tolerant to high dc values compared to other core types. The research was based on a hypothesis which reads “transformer laboratory testing results can be used as a guide towards developing suitable Finite Element Matrix (FEM) models to be used for conducting GIC/DC experiments”. This study thus investigates the response of a 15 kVA 3p3L laboratory transformer to dc current, emulating the effects of GICs. GIC and dc current are the same under steady state conditions, and hence mentioned interchangeably. Laboratory tests conducted identified two critical saturation points when the transformer is exposed to dc. The early saturation point was identified to be at around 1.8 A/phase of dc (18% of rated current), while the deep saturation point was at around 15 to 20 A/phase of dc (about 72% of rated current). Further analysis showed that holes drilled on the transformer can lower the transformer knee-point by about 26%, depending on the size and location of the holes. The holes hence end up affecting the operating point of the transformer due to losses occurring around the holes. A transformer FEM model was developed following the laboratory exercise, where it was concluded that a 2D model leads to grossly erroneous results, distorting the magnetizing current by about 60% compared to the laboratory results. A solid 3D model improved performance by about 30% as it took the transformer's topological structure into consideration. The 3D model was then refined further to include joints and laminations. It was discovered that laminations on the transformer need to be introduced as stacks of the core, with each core step split into two, allocating a 4% air gap space between stacks. Refinement of the T-joints proved that the joints have a relatively high influence on the transformer behaviour, with their detailed refinement improving the transformer behaviour by about 60%. The final FEM model was used for dc experiments. The results of such experiments showed close resemblance to the laboratory results, with saturation points identified in FEM lying within 10% of the laboratory identified saturation points. Overall, the various investigation methods explored showed that the hypothesis was satisfactorily proven true. Laboratory results functioned as a guide in developing the model, offering a reference case.
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Kurudamannil, Jubal J. "Improved Robust Stability Bounds for Sampled Data Systems with Time Delayed Feedback Control." The Ohio State University, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1419012522.
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Gozcu, Ferhat Can. "Estimation Of Steady-state Temperature Distribution In Power Transformer By Using Finite Difference Method." Master's thesis, METU, 2010. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/3/12611592/index.pdf.
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Estimating the temperature distribution in transformer components in
the design stage and during the operation is crucial since temperatures
above the thermal limits of these components might seriously damage
them. Thermal models are used to predict this vital information prior to
actual operations. In this study, a two-dimensional, steady-state model
based on the Finite Difference Method (FDM) is proposed to estimate
the temperature distribution in the three-phase, SF6 gas insulatedcooled
power transformer. The model can predict the temperature
distribution at the specific discredited locations in the transformer
successfully. This study also compares predicted temperatures of the
model proposed in this study with the results of the previous study
which is based on Finite Element Method (FEM) and the results of the
research performed by the designers of the transformer. The results
show that FDM model proposed in this study can be used to estimate
the temperature distribution in the transformer with an acceptable
accuracy and can be an alternative of the previous study which is based
on FEM.
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Wolf, Marko. "Design and implementation of a modular converter with application to a solid state transformer." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/2773.
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Thesis (MScEng (Electrical and Electronic Engineering))--University of Stellenbosch, 2009.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The purpose of a solid state transformer (SST) is to use power electronic converters to mimic the operation of the conventional distribution transformer. These power electronic converters are proposed to overcome the disadvantages of the conventional distribution transformer. The advantages of a SST include near perfect voltage regulation and harmonic isolation between the primary and secondary windings of the transformer. This thesis discusses the design and development of the different converters in a solid state transformer (SST). A prototype modular back-to-back converter is developed for the input and isolation stage of the SST. The isolation stage consists of a high voltage DC-DC converter, which transfers power across the isolation barrier of the SST. This stage is evaluated in the laboratory with special attention being paid to the efficiency of the converter. The second aspect that this thesis addresses is the output stage of the SST, namely a three phase inverter. The discussion of the output stage focuses on the losses occurring in the inverter. The switching device losses are calculated by means of an adapted numerical method as opposed to using conventional analytical methods. The presented numerical method is compared to the existing analytical method and the findings are discussed. A double loop control strategy is implemented for the output stage inverter. The inner current loop utilizes a predictive control strategy. The control analysis of the double loop controller is discussed and evaluated in the laboratory. All the converters that are discussed in this thesis are evaluated in the laboratory and the relevant measurements are included.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die doel van ’n drywingselektroniese transformator (DET) is om drywingselektroniese omsetters te gebruik om die werking van die konvensionele distribusietransformator na te boots. Hierdie drywingselektroniese omsetters word voorgestel ten einde die nadele van die konvensionele distribusietransformator te bowe te kom. Die voordele van ’n DET sluit in: feitlik perfekte regulering van spanning en harmoniese isolasie tussen die primˆere en sekondˆere windings van die transformator. Hierdie tesis bespreek die ontwerp en ontwikkeling van die verskillende omsetters in ’n drywingselektroniese transformator (DET). ’n Prototipe modulˆere rug-aan-rug-omsetter word ontwikkel vir die intree- en isolasiefase van die DET. Die isolasiefase bestaan uit ’n hoogspanning- GS-GS omsetter, wat drywing oor die isolasiegrens van die DET heen oordra. Hierdie omsetter word in die laboratorium ge¨evalueer met besondere aandag aan die doeltreffendheid van die omsetter. Die tweede aspek waarna in hierdie tesis gekyk word, is die uittreefase van die DET, naamlik ’n driefaseomsetter. Die bespreking van die uittreefase fokus egter op die verliese wat in die omsetter voorkom. Die verliese van die skakelaars word bereken deur middel van ’n aangepaste numeriese metode teenoor die gebruik van konvensionele analitiese metodes. Die numeriese metode wat aangebied word, word vergelyk met die bestaande analitiese metode en die bevindings word bespreek. ’n Dubbellus-beheerstrategie word vir die uittreefase-omsetter ge¨ımplementeer. Die binneste stroomlus word ge¨ımplementeer deur van ’n voorspelbare beheerstrategie gebruik te maak. Die beheeranalise van die dubbellusbeheerder word bespreek en in die laboratorium ge¨evalueer. Al die omsetters wat in hierdie tesis bespreek word, word in die laboratorium ge¨evalueer en die relevante metings word ingesluit.
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Scott, Colin Thomas Joseph. "A characterisation of matrix-assisted laser desorption ionisation." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.388567.
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Wang, Peiji. "On Saint-Venant's principle and the state transfer matrix method." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1998. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/45937/.
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Three exact solutions are considered, within the context of the linear mathematical theory of elasticity, pertaining to the decay of self-equilibrated end loading for a class of geometries based upon polar coordinates. For a curved plane beam, an eigen-equation is derived, whose roots determine the rates of decay and degenerate to the Papkovitch-Fadle solution for the plane strain strip when the beam centre-line radius of curvature approaches infinity; this shows that the decay rates are largely insensitive to the beam curvature except for very small inner radius. For the plane and anti-plane elastic wedge, subjected to self-equilibrated loading on the inner or outer arcs, radial variation of stress is affected by a combination of free-edge stress interference and the convergent or divergent geometry. When the load is applied to the inner arc, the two effects act in concert in which case decay is assured; when the load is applied to the outer arc, the two effects act in opposition, and Saint-Venant’s principle (S.V.P) ceases to be applicable for wedge angles 2α > π for symmetric loading and anti-plane deformation, and 2α > 257º for asymmetric loading. It is concluded that the crack tip stress singularity, which is at the heart of Linear Elastic Fracture Mechanics, is attributable to the failure of S.V.P. for just one particular eigenmode for the wedge angle 2α = 2 π. A Finite Element-Transfer Matrix Method is developed for determination of decay rates of self-equilibrated end loading for frameworks and continuum prismatic beam of arbitrary cross-section. Nodal displacements and forces on either side of a repeating cell are considered as state variables and are related by a cell transfer matrix. Assuming consecutive state vectors to be related by a constant multiple λ leads directly to an eigenvalue problem; the decay factors, λ, are the eigenvalues of the symplectic transfer matrix. Eigenvalues occurs as reciprocal pairs (that is, if λi is an eigenvalue then so is 1/ λi) according to whether decay is from left to right or vice-versa. The multiple eigenvalues λi = 1/ λi = 1 are associated with the rigid body eigenvectors and their related principal vectors which describe the force transmission modes. The matrix of eigen-and principal vectors then forms a similarity matrix which transforms the original transfer matrix into Jordan canonical form. Both bi-orthogonality and symplectic adjoint orthogonality properties of the eigenvectors allow modal decomposition of an arbitrary end load. As a by-product of the method, it is possible to determine exact ‘continuum’ beam properties of the framework, which is useful in preliminary design work. The method is applied to the important case of a beam of rectangular cross-section for a wide range of aspect ratios. The Transfer Matrix Method is modified to become the Force or Displacement Transfer Matrix Method, which has the advantage of reducing in size the original transfer matrix by one half, and overcomes numerical ill-conditioning. Accuracies of all the developed methods are found to be very good when compared with available exact solutions.
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Chant, Jason. "Properties of ceramic-matrix composites prepared by colloidal processing." Thesis, University of Bath, 1996. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.307134.
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Cotter, Nicholas Paul Kyle. "Scattering matrix modelling of optical gratings." Thesis, University of Exeter, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.300552.
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Wu, Wenhao. "High-performance matrix multiplication hierarchical data structures, optimized kernel routines, and qualitative performance modeling /." Master's thesis, Mississippi State : Mississippi State University, 2003. http://library.msstate.edu/etd/show.asp?etd=etd-07092003-003633.
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Mohan, Srinidi. "Functional role of recombinant cysteine protease on Spodoptera frugiperda peritrophic matrix." Diss., Mississippi State : Mississippi State University, 2006. http://library.msstate.edu/etd/show.asp?etd=etd-11072006-150055.
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Ehlers, PJ, CG Richards, DV Nicolae, E. Monacelli, and Y. Hamam. "Review of the state of the Art of modulation techniques and control strategies for matrix converters." International Review of Automatic Control, 2008. http://encore.tut.ac.za/iii/cpro/DigitalItemViewPage.external?sp=1001151.
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The reliability and stability of the Matrix Converter has improved during the last
years due to the enhanced control algorithms. The traditional direct transfer function control
mode has been replaced by more complex – digitally implemented control methodologies. These
methodologies allow for real time calculation of the optimal switching interval of each individual
switch of the matrix converter. These new switching algorithms allow optimal performances,
ensuring sinusoidal outputs at any desired power factor. This paper will first revise the underlying
theory of matrix converters, then review the various control limitations and finally review the
current control algorithms.
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Münder, Wolfgang. "Matrix product state clculations for one-dimensional quantum chains and quantum impurity models." Diss., lmu, 2011. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-135224.
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Tidefelt, Henrik. "Differential-algebraic equations and matrix-valued singular perturbation." Doctoral thesis, Linköpings universitet, Reglerteknik, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-51653.
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With the arrival of modern component-based modeling tools for dynamic systems, the differential-algebraic equation form is increasing in popularity as it is general enough to handle the resulting models. However, if uncertainty is allowed in the equations — no matter how small — this thesis stresses that such equations generally become ill-posed. Rather than deeming the general differential-algebraic structure useless up front due to this reason, the suggested approach to the problem is to ask what assumptions that can be made in order to obtain well-posedness. Here, “well-posedness” is used in the sense that the uncertainty in the solutions should tend to zero as the uncertainty in the equations tends to zero. The main theme of the thesis is to analyze how the uncertainty in the solution to a differential-algebraic equation depends on the uncertainty in the equation. In particular, uncertainty in the leading matrix of linear differential-algebraic equations leads to a new kind of singular perturbation, which is referred to as “matrix-valued singular perturbation”. Though a natural extension of existing types of singular perturbation problems, this topic has not been studied in the past. As it turns out that assumptions about the equations have to be made in order to obtain well-posedness, it is stressed that the assumptions should be selected carefully in order to be realistic to use in applications. Hence, it is suggested that any assumptions (not counting properties which can be checked by inspection of the uncertain equations) should be formulated in terms of coordinate-free system properties. In the thesis, the location of system poles has been the chosen target for assumptions. Three chapters are devoted to the study of uncertain differential-algebraic equations and the associated matrix-valued singular perturbation problems. Only linear equations without forcing function are considered. For both time-invariant and time-varying equations of nominal differentiation index 1, the solutions are shown to converge as the uncertainties tend to zero. For time-invariant equations of nominal index 2, convergence has not been shown to occur except for an academic example. However, the thesis contains other results for this type of equations, including the derivation of a canonical form for the uncertain equations. While uncertainty in differential-algebraic equations has been studied in-depth, two related topics have been studied more passingly. One chapter considers the development of point-mass filters for state estimation on manifolds. The highlight is a novel framework for general algorithm development with manifold-valued variables. The connection to differential-algebraic equations is that one of their characteristics is that they have an underlying manifold-structure imposed on the solution. One chapter presents a new index closely related to the strangeness index of a differential-algebraic equation. Basic properties of the strangeness index are shown to be valid also for the new index. The definition of the new index is conceptually simpler than that of the strangeness index, hence making it potentially better suited for both practical applications and theoretical developments.
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Liang, Kaiwen. "Cyanate ester, epoxy and epoxy/cyanate ester matrix polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane nanocomposites." Diss., Mississippi State : Mississippi State University, 2005. http://sun.library.msstate.edu/ETD-db/ETD-browse/browse.
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COELHO, HELENA REGINA FONSECA. "THE ENERGY MATRIX OF THE STATE OF RIO DE JANEIRO AND THE CONSEQUENT EMISSIONS OF GREENHOUSE GASES IN THE STATE." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2011. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=18537@1.
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PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIROEste trabalho apresenta a Matriz Energética do Estado do Rio de Janeiro e realiza um estudo sobre as contribuições dos setores da economia do Rio de Janeiro no processo de emissão de gases de efeito estufa (GEE), para o horizonte 2008/2020. Com base na Matriz Energética do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, desenvolvida pelo Governo do Estado em parceria com o Instituto de Energia da PUC-Rio – IEPUC, tendo como ano base 2008, são feitas simulações das taxas de emissões de GEE para diversos cenários de 2009 a 2020, levando-se em conta atividades industriais, de transporte e queima. O estudo permite apresentar métodos de planejamento energético, modelagem de matrizes e emissões de gases de efeito estufa, assim como sistemas de informação atuais utilizados para realização destas e outras atividades de planejamento energético, em especial o Sistema LEAP – Long Range Energy Alternatives Planning System. Este projeto pode ser utilizado como base para futuros estudos da Matriz Energética do Rio de Janeiro e como base para implementação de ações de mitigação das emissões de GEE no Estado do Rio de Janeiro.
This work presents the Energy Matrix of Rio de Janeiro State and a study on the contribution of the economics sectors of Rio de Janeiro to the greenhouse gas (GG) emission process for the 2008/2020 horizon. Based on the Energy Matrix of Rio de Janeiro State, developed by Government of Rio de Janeiro State in partnership with the Energy Institute of PUC-Rio – IEPUC, with 2008 taken as the base year, greenhouse gas emission rate simulations are made for various scenarios from 2009 to 2020, considering industrial, transport and burning activities. The study allows to present energy planning methods, greenhouse gas emission and matrix modeling, as well as the current information systems used to carry out these and other energy planning activities, especially the LEAP System – Long Range Energy Alternatives Planning System.This project may be used as a basis for future studies on Rio de Janeiro’s energy matrix as well as the groundwork for implementation of greenhouse gas emission mitigation actions in the state of Rio de Janeiro.
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Fischer, Jörg [Verfasser], and Gerd [Akademischer Betreuer] Wittstock. "Matrix convex state spaces of C*- and W*-algebras / Jörg Fischer. Betreuer: Gerd Wittstock." Saarbrücken : Saarländische Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek, 2011. http://d-nb.info/1051284953/34.
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Ageev, Sergei Z. "Application of density matrix methods to quadrupolar spins in solid state NMR and NQR." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/nq29870.pdf.
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Buser, Maximilian [Verfasser], and Ulrich [Akademischer Betreuer] Schollwöck. "Matrix-product-state based studies of bosonic flux ladders / Maximilian Buser ; Betreuer: Ulrich Schollwöck." München : Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 2021. http://d-nb.info/1232645494/34.
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Chow, Wing Ying. "A solid-state NMR approach for probing collagen atomic structure in the extracellular matrix." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2014. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.648554.
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Fei, Chao. "Optimization of LLC Resonant Converters: State-trajectory Control and PCB based Magnetics." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/83206.
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With the fast development of information technology (IT) industry, the demand and market volume for off-line power supplies keeps increasing, especially those for desktop, flat-panel TV, telecommunication, computer server and datacenter. An off-line power supply normally consists of electromagnetic interference (EMI) filter, power factor correction (PFC) circuit and isolated DC/DC converter. Isolated DC/DC converter occupies more than half of the volume in an off-line power supply and takes the most control responsibilities, so isolated DC/DC converter is the key aspect to improve the overall performance and reduce the total cost for off-line power supply.
On the other hand, of all the power supplies for industrial applications, those for the data center servers are the most performance driven, energy and cost conscious due to the large electricity consumption. The total power consumption of today's data centers is becoming noticeable. Moreover, with the increase in cloud computing and big data, energy use of data centers is expected to continue rapidly increasing in the near future. It is very challenging to design isolated DC/DC converters for datacenters since they are required to provide low-voltage high-current output and fast transient response.
The LLC resonant converters have been widely used as the DC-DC converter in off-line power supplies and datacenters due to its high efficiency and hold-up capability. Using LLC converters can minimize switching losses and reduce electromagnetic interference. Almost all the high-end offline power supplies employs LLC converters as the DC/DC converter.
But there are three major challenges in LLC converters. Firstly, the control characteristics of the LLC resonant converters are very complex due to the dynamics of the resonant tank. This dissertation proposes to implement a special LLC control method, state-trajectory control, with a low-cost microcontroller (MCU). And further efforts have been made to integrate all the state-trajectory control function into one MCU for high-frequency LLC converters, including start-up and short-circuit protection, fast transient response, light load efficiency improvement and SR driving.
Secondly, the transformer in power supplies for IT industry is very bulky and it is very challenging to design. By pushing switching frequency up to MHz with gallium nitride (GaN) devices, the magnetics can be integrated into printed circuit board (PCB) windings. This dissertation proposes a novel matrix transformer structure and its design methodology. On the other hand, shielding technique can be employed to suppress the CM noise for PCB winding transformer. This dissertation proposes a novel shielding technique, which not only suppresses CM noise, but also improves the efficiency. The proposed transformer design and shielding technique is applied to an 800W 400V/12V LLC converter design.
Thirdly, the LLC converters have sinusoidal current shape due to the nature of resonance, which has larger root mean square (RMS) of current, as well as larger conduction loss, compared to pulse width modulation (PWM) converter. This dissertation employs three-phase interleaved LLC converters to reduce the circulating energy by inter-connecting the three phases in certain way, and proposed a novel magnetic structure to integrated three inductors and three transformers into one magnetic core. By pushing switching frequency up to 1MHz, all the magnetics can be implemented with 4-layer PCB winding. Additional 2-layer shielding can be integrated to reduce CM noise. The proposed magnetic structure is applied to a 3kW 400V/12V LLC converter.
This dissertation solves the challenges in analysis, digital control, magnetic design and EMI in high-frequency DC/DC converters in off-line power supplies. With the academic contribution in this dissertation, GaN devices can be successfully applied to high-frequency DC/DC converters with MHz switching frequency to achieve high efficiency, high power density, simplified but high-performance digital control and automatic manufacturing. The cost will be reduced and the performance will be improved significantly.Ph. D.
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Grohsjean, Alexander. "Measurement of the Top Quark Mass in the Dilepton Final State using the Matrix Element Method." Diss., lmu, 2009. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-100745.
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Muralidharan, Vivek. "Investigating the changes in matrix and fracture properties and fluid flow under different stress-state conditions." Texas A&M University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/1105.
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The fracture aperture and fracture permeability are usually considered to remain the same during the production life of a naturally fractured reservoir, regardless of the degree of depletion; but reservoirs experience different stress state conditions, therefore understanding the fracture behavior becomes more complex. This research analyzes the effect of fracture aperture and fracture permeability on the fluid flow under different overburden pressures. This research investigates the fracture apertures under different stress-state conditions. The equations to quantify the flow through the matrix and the fracture at different overburden pressures are provided. An X-ray CT scanner was used to obtain fracture aperture distributions at various overburden pressures to verify the use of log-normal distribution, which was commonly used for distributing fracture apertures. In addition, reservoir simulations are performed to duplicate the experimental results and to provide a valid model for future stress-sensitive reservoirs.
Our experimental results show that the fracture aperture and fracture permeability have significant pressure-dependent changes in response to applying variable injection rates and overburden pressures. The laboratory results show that the change in overburden pressure significantly affects the reservoir properties. The change in matrix permeability with different injection rates under variable overburden pressures is not significant in contrast with that effect on fracture aperture and fracture permeability. A calibration curve was obtained to determine fracture aperture from the X-ray CT scanner results. The aperture distribution from data obtained from X-ray CT scanner confirms lognormal distribution at various overburden pressures. This experimental research will increase the understanding of fluid flow behavior in fractured reservoirs.
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Majette, Mark W. "Modal state variable control of a linear distributed mechanical system modeled with the transfer matrix method." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/15917.
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Lewis, Christopher Alan. "The internal stress state and related microstructural changes during deformation of AlZrOâ†2 metal matrix composites." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.338255.
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Baby, Arun Paul. "Comparison of Modal Parameter Estimation using State Space Methods (N4SID) and the Unified Matrix Polynomial Approach." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1613731964598438.
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Reynolds, Scott. "Investigating the relationship between proteoglycan sulfation state and extracellular matrix signalling in the developing zebrafish cartilage." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2016. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.715795.
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Nemulodi, Fhumulani. "Investigation of the 2+ Hoyle state candidates in 12C." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/96714.
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Wearly, Douglas J. "Centrifugation and Rheology as Indicators of Long Term Stability of an Acidified Protein Matrix." The Ohio State University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1243978914.
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Thomas, Edward John. "A C++ class library capable of handling matrix, polynomial, transfer function, state space, and frequency response data types." Ohio : Ohio University, 1995. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1178902180.
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Hoydis, Jakob. "Random matrix theory for advanced communication systems." Phd thesis, Supélec, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00765458.
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Advanced mobile communication systems are characterized by a dense deployment of different types of wireless access points. Since these systems are primarily limited by interference, multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) techniques as well as coordinated transmission and detection schemes are necessary to mitigate this limitation. Thus, mobile communication systems become more complex which requires that also the mathematical tools for their theoretical analysis must evolve. These must be able to take the most important system characteristics into account, such as fading, path loss, and interference. The aim of this thesis is to develop such tools based on large random matrix theory and to demonstrate their usefulness with the help of several practical applications, such as the performance analysis of network MIMO and large-scale MIMO systems, the design of low-complexity polynomial expansion detectors, and the study of random beamforming techniques as well as multi-hop relay and double-scattering channels. The methods developed in this work provide deterministic approximations of the system performance which become arbitrarily tight in the large system regime with an unlimited number of transmitting and receiving devices. This leads in many cases to simple and close approximations of the finite-size system performance and allows one to draw relevant conclusions about the most significant parameters. One can think of these methods as a way to provide a deterministic abstraction of the physical layer which substantially reduces the system complexity. Due to this complexity reduction, it is possible to carry out a system optimization which would be otherwise intractable.
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Heilmann, Frank. "The State Space of Complex Systems." [S.l. : s.n.], 2005. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:swb:ch1-200501385.
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Münder, Wolfgang [Verfasser], and Jan von [Akademischer Betreuer] Delft. "Matrix product state clculations for one-dimensional quantum chains and quantum impurity models / Wolfgang Münder. Betreuer: Jan von Delft." München : Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 2011. http://d-nb.info/1015925227/34.
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Tse, K. Y. K. "Solid-state fermentation : the growth of micro-organisms on defined solid matrix and use of non-invasive monitoring methods." Thesis, Swansea University, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.639264.
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The aim of this project was to investigate some of the problems of solid-state fermentation. This technology is currently of limited use because of the complexity of traditional raw materials which make up the fermenting matrix and the inability to measure and control the fermentations. A novel, general purpose, cellulose based defined medium consisting of a liquid growth medium (75% w/w) absorbed onto a purified cellulose powder gave good growth of Asperigillus niger (IMI 17809) and Rhizopus oligosporus (IMI 205108), in a forced-aerated packed bed column fermenter. The defined medium allowed the monitoring of the fermentation by direct analysis of the matrix including substrate consumption, growth, and end product formation. Indirect monitoring of growth and activity was also performed by measurement of carbon dioxide production rate and by observing the changes in mixing and bed characteristics of the fermenter by gas tracer methods. Experiments were performed to determine the influence of temperature, inoculum size and substrate concentration on the growth and activity of A. niger. Using R. oligosporus, studies were made to compare its growth characterics with those of A. niger. The experimental data were analysed to determine correlations between microbial growth and activity with the consumption and production of materials. Only CO2 production rates correlated well with growth, while substrate consumption and product formation did not. This is in contrast to liquid culture experiments with these organisms, where substrate uptake was related to growth. Microbial activity in the matrix could also be correlated to physical changes of the bed, as indicated by the tracer responses. The nature of the matrix (e.g. packing density) was an important consideration when applying the technique.
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Frahm, Lars-Hendrik [Verfasser], and Daniela [Akademischer Betreuer] Pfannkuche. "On the Matrix Product State Approach in Time-Dependent Ab Initio Quantum Chemistry / Lars-Hendrik Frahm ; Betreuer: Daniela Pfannkuche." Hamburg : Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Hamburg, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1197801340/34.
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Girbino, Michael James. "Detecting Distribution-Level Voltage Anomalies by Monitoring State Transitions in Voltage Regulation Control Systems." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1550483383962611.
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Nowacki, Brenna M. "Verification and Calibration of State-of-the-Art CMC Mechanistic Damage Model." University of Dayton / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=dayton1461761780.
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Stefánsson, Trausti. "Application of Cryogenic Coolants in Machining Processes : State-of-the-art Literature Study and Experimental Work on Metal Matrix Composite." Thesis, KTH, Industriell produktion, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-159516.
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Conventional cutting fluids are known for being expensive, polluting and a non-sustainable part of modern manufacturing processes. Global industrial trends are leaning towards environmental and health friendly technologies. Cryogenic cooling is an innovative and sustainable method, capable of replacing conventional oil-based cutting fluids under various conditions. The method has already proved to have a great potential in many different machining setups, performing equally or better than conventional cooling strategies in all criteria concerning machinability. Majority of research work published about cryogenic machining has revolved around turning operations most commonly in combination with steels, nickel-based alloys and titanium-based alloys. Other machining operations, e.g. milling and drilling, are less researched leaving the field with a great amount of unexplored areas. Although the technology has been developing for more than 60 years the general knowledge on the subject among machining specialists is relatively low. The room for improvements is large and further optimization is necessary before more generalization of the technique within the industry. In the first part of this work a comprehensive state-of-the-art literature study is presented, with the main focus on turning, milling and drilling operations. Parallel to the making of the essay, a new search system within published work about cryogenic technology was designed and developed to create a database of knowledge for Sandvik Coromant in future cryogenic research. The second part of the essay covers the experimental work where tests were performed in drilling of metal matrix composite under different cooling strategies. The results revealed an advantage in the favour of CO2 cryogenic cooling concerning precision and surface finish but an obvious need for further optimization of the process was evident as well.Konventionella kylvätskor är kända för att vara dyra, förorenande och en icke-hållbar del av nutidens tillverkningsprocesser. Trenden inom industrin rör sig åt miljö- och hälsovänlig teknik. Kryogenisk kylning är en innovativ och hållbar metod som kan ersätta konventionella oljebaserade kylvätskor under olika förhållanden. Metoden har redan visat sig ha en stor potential i olika bearbetningsomständigheter, där den presterar lika bra eller bättre än konventionella kylningsstrategier för tillverkning. Största delen av forskningsarbetet som publicerats inom kryogen bearbetning har kretsat kring svarvning, oftast i stål, nickelbaserade legeringar och titanbaserade legeringar. Övrig bearbetning, t.ex. fräsning och borrning har mindre mängd publicerad forskning och lämnar ett stort outforskat område. Även om tekniken har utvecklats under mer än 60 år är den allmänna kunskapen inom ämnet bland bearbetningsspecialister relativt lågt. Potentialen för förbättringar är stor och ytterligare optimering behövs innan generell användning av tekniken kan ske inom industrin. I den första delen av detta arbete presenteras en allsidig “state-of-the-art“ litteraturstudie, med huvudfokus på svarvning, fräsning och borrning. Ett nytt söksystem för publicerade verk om kryogen bearbetning har även utvecklats och designats, detta för att skapa en databas med kunskap för framtida forskning inom ämnet hos Sandvik Coromant, Den andra delen av uppsatsen täcker det experimentella arbetet där som tester utfördes i borrning av metallmatriskomposit med olika kylningsstrategier. Resultaten visade en fördel för CO2 kryogenisk kylning vad gäller precision och ytfinhet, men ett behov av ytterligare optimering av processen var uppenbar.
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Solomon, Lazarus. "Study of spin-lattice relaxation rates in solids lattice-frame method compared with quantum density-matrix method, and Glauber dynamic /." Master's thesis, Mississippi State : Mississippi State University, 2006. http://library.msstate.edu/etd/show.asp?etd=etd-11062006-114635.
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Zhang, Xiaoming. "Explore the Formation of Triplet Nitrene - A Potential Intermediate for Building Organic Magnets." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1353156258.
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