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Journal articles on the topic 'State borrowing'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 5 June 2025

Last updated: 1 August 2025

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1

Ali, Kashif, and Mahmood Khalid. "Sources to Finance Fiscal Deficit and Their Impact on Inflation: A Case Study of Pakistan." Pakistan Development Review 58, no. 1 (2019): 27–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v58i1pp.27-43.

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Theoretically, fiscal deficit is inflationary but the sources of financing fiscal deficit may differ in terms of their impact on inflation. Question arises that what should be the least inflation cost source of financing? This study attempts to answer this question and explore the long run relationship among the sources to finance fiscal deficit and inflation. In so doing, the estimations have been done in four stages on the basis of categorisation of the deficit financing heads. In the first stage it has been tested that fiscal deficit along with money supply are inflationary. In the second s

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2

Bubnov, Vyacheslav, Dalia Odakhovskaya, and Аrtem Pyatak. "Reflection of Borrowed Funds in Russian and Foreign Practice." Bulletin of Baikal State University 32, no. 1 (2022): 67–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.17150/2500-2759.2022.32(1).67-77.

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The rationale of the study is the fact that in the market economy there are situations when an organization in the course of its economic activity lacks its own resources. This problem is especially relevant in the field of small business. The study is concerned with the economic essence, classification and features of the reflection in the accounting and tax accounting of Russia and other countries of interest and other expenses on borrowed funds. This article discussed several approaches to defining the concept of loan and loan expenses in regulatory sources of the Russian Federation and in

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3

Marks, Barry R., and Krishnamurthy K. Raman. "Fiscal determinants of state borrowing costs." International Journal of Public Administration 9, no. 2 (1987): 115–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01900698708524532.

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4

BENSON, EARL D., and BARRY R. MARKS. "Structural Deficits and State Borrowing Costs." Public Budgeting & Finance 27, no. 3 (2007): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-5850.2007.00880.x.

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5

Kuzmina, Olga Yurievna, and Alexey Yurievich Mishin. "FACTORS AFFECTING THE STATE BORROWING MARKET." Наука XXI века: актуальные направления развития, no. 1-1 (2021): 432–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.46554/sciencexxi-2021.02-1.1-pp.432.

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6

Ahmad, Saeed, Muhammad Aamir, and Muhammad Umer Quddoos. "Does Internal Borrowing of Pakistani Government Affect Corporate Leverage?" Pakistan Journal of Economic Studies 3, no. 2 (2020): 149–63. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4635442.

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For the past few years, the government of Pakistan has increased its domestic borrowing to a record level. This increased government borrowing could have reduced funds for investment by the non-financial corporate sector. In this study, we empirically investigate the influence of state domestic debt on corporate leverage in Pakistan. This study examines data of 07 non-financial sectors listed at PSX for a period of 2009-2018. The firm-level panel data was analyzed through the fixed-effect method. Results reveal that government domestic borrowings have a negative influence on corporate borrowin

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7

Avchinnikova, Halyna, and Natalia Stavchuk. "ENGLISH TERMS BORROWING INTO GERMAN LANGUAGE." Studia Linguistica, no. 16 (2020): 9–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/studling2020.16.9-20.

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The article analyzes and characterizes the phenomenon of English words’ borrowing into German language. The aim of the article is to find out the causes and consequences of this process. The peculiarities of recent borrowings have been studied, taking into account the impact of coronavirus pandemic, problems of gender inequality, environmental, political and other factors that influence the German vocabulary. Except for these factors there is still the influence of scientific and technological progress, the increase in the flow of information and the need to transmit information globally as qu

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Піддубна, В.В. "Висвітлення питання про польський вплив на українську мову в науковій літературі". Лінгвістичні дослідження : Збірник наукових праць Харківського національного педагогічного університету імені Г.С. Сковороди, № 39 (24 червня 2015): 177–81. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18950.

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The article analyzes the scientific works of Ukrainian and Polish linguists, dedicated to the Polish influence on the vocabulary of the Ukrainian language. Attention is paid to different approaches as for Polish borrowings defining. This is because the Polish fulfilled the role of borrowing sources, but the intermediary in borrowing from other European languages. Some researchers’ different points of view on the role of borrowings in the Ukrainian language formation is presented. Linguists scientific achievement is systematized according to sources, reflecting the state of Ukrainian voca

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9

YUSHKO, Serhii. "Budget performance indicators: theoretical and practical aspects." Fìnansi Ukraïni 2021, no. 1 (2021): 46–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.33763/finukr2021.01.046.

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The article examines the indicators on the basis of which the budget execution in Ukraine is assessed. Budget revenues and expenditures are characterized. The paper demonstrates the features of calculating the budget deficit (surplus) in Ukraine before and after 2004 year, emphasizing that despite the special place of this indicator in the budget planning system, for various reasons for a number of years there was neglect of current regulations legislation and world experience in budget deficit management. It is emphasized the imperfection of the budget deficit indicator due to its inherent sh

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10

Parinandi, Srinivas C. "Policy Inventing and Borrowing among State Legislatures." American Journal of Political Science 64, no. 4 (2020): 852–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ajps.12513.

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11

Robbins, Mark D., and Bill Simonsen. "Do Debt Levels Influence State Borrowing Costs?" Public Administration Review 72, no. 4 (2012): 498–505. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6210.2011.02548.x.

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12

MAKSYMCHUK, Oleksandr. "LOCAL BORROWING AS A SOURCE OF CAPITAL EXPENDITURES OF LOCAL BUDGETS." WORLD OF FINANCE, no. 2(59) (2019): 98–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.35774/sf2019.02.098.

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Introduction. In Ukraine over the past decades there has been an extremely difficult situation with the renewal of fixed assets. The level of wear of fixed assets at the disposal of public authorities is more than 50%. In this circumstances, the issue of finding resources for financing capital expenditures for updating of the infrastructure, creation of new fixed assets becomes a topical issue. An important role in this process is given to local budgets, which, under decentralization, have broad powers in many areas, including those related to the implementation of capital expenditures. Local

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13

Zakaria, Muhammad. "Phonological, lexical and grammatical borrowings and replications in Hyow, a language of the Bangladesh-Burma border area." Asian Languages and Linguistics 4, no. 2 (2023): 291–330. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/alal.00016.zak.

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Abstract This paper presents a discussion of contact-induced borrowings and replications in Hyow, a Southeastern South Central (SC) Tibeto-Burman language spoken in the Chittagong Hill Tracts of Bangladesh. Hyow shows two layers of contact-induced changes: an earlier layer under the influence of Burmese, and a more recent layer under the influence of Bangla. The Hyow desiderative -sháng closely resembles the suffix shɔn ‘want to’ in the Burmese variety of Rakhine State, suggesting that Hyow speakers previously lived in Rakhine State. In its current location, Hyow speakers are in contact with

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Bhattacharya, Joydeep, Xue Qiao, and Min Wang. "ENDOGENOUS BORROWING CONSTRAINTS AND WEALTH INEQUALITY." Macroeconomic Dynamics 20, no. 6 (2016): 1413–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1365100514000959.

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This paper studies the evolution of wealth inequality in an economy with endogenous borrowing constraints. In the model economy, young agents need to borrow to finance human capital investments but cannot commit to repaying their loans. Creditors can punish defaulters by banishing them permanently from the credit market. At equilibrium, loan default is prevented by imposing a borrowing limit tied to the borrower's inheritance. The heterogeneity in inheritances translates into heterogeneity in borrowing limits: endogenously, some borrowers face a zero borrowing limit, and some are partly constr

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15

Vatamanyuk-Zelinska, Uliana, and Olena Ohirko. "The role of public credit in the economic development of Ukraine." INNOVATIVE ECONOMY, no. 1-2 (2021): 28–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.37332/2309-1533.2021.1-2.4.

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Purpose. The main aim of the article is defining the essence of public credit, as well as analysis of the role of public credit in the economic development of Ukraine. Methodology of research. A set of general scientific research methods is used to achieve the defined goal and objectives, thanks to which the scientific literature on the topic of scientific research is generalized. Thus, generalization methods are used to substantiate the concept of “public credit”. The system approach allowed to investigate the essence of the concept of the sign and features of the concept of “public credit”.

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16

Ткачук, Наталія, and Олена Стащук. "MONITORING OF THE PUBLIC DEBT OF UKRAINE UNDER THE CONDITIONS OF MARITAL STATE." Economic journal of Lesya Ukrainka Volyn National University 4, no. 36 (2024): 83–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.29038/2786-4618-2023-04-83-96.

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Abstract. Public debt exists as an economic and legal phenomenon in most countries of the world, as a rule, it is formed as a result of financing the deficit of the national budget. For countries with effective public debt management institutions, it is an engine of rapid economic development. In many countries, the creation of public debt is associated with the government's attempts to improve the socio-economic conditions of people's lives by modernizing infrastructure, developing education, science, health care, improving social welfare, etc. Public borrowing is a source of investment

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17

Egbeogu, MN, CI Ezeh, and CO Anyiro. "Comparative analysis of informal borrowing behaviour between male and female-headed farm households in the rural communities of Abia state, Nigeria." Journal of Agriculture, Forestry and the Social Sciences 11, no. 2 (2015): 26–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/joafss.v11i2.3.

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The study dealt on the comparative analysis of informal borrowing behaviours between male and female-headed farm households in the rural communities of Abia State, Nigeria. The study was sought to identify the socio-economic characteristics of rural male and female – headed farm households in the study area, and to determine the socio-economic factors that influence borrowing behaviour of rural male and female-headed farm households in Abia State. Multi - stage random sampling technique was adopted in the selection of 216 farm households comprising of 108 male and 108 female headed farm househ

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18

Boyko, S., O. Dragan, and K. Tkachenko. "Current trends in debt policy of city councils and directions of its improvement." Ekonomìka ta upravlìnnâ APK, no. 1 (155) (May 21, 2020): 56–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.33245/2310-9262-2020-155-1-56-67.

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The need to rethink the role of urban debt policy in accordance with the growing needs of urban communities and their sustainable socio-economic development is identified. In Ukraine, the legal preconditions for the formation of cities' own debt policy and the implementation of borrowing in both domestic and foreign nancial markets. The current state of local budgets and decentralization processes only highlight the need for cities to develop debt policy. The formation of the institution of local borrowings in Ukraine is analyzed and an in-depth analysis of borrowings of city councils in 2014-

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19

Shambaugh, David. "The Party-State Studies Abroad." Current History 107, no. 710 (2008): 287–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/curh.2008.107.710.287.

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20

Poterba, James M. "Capital budgets, borrowing rules, and state capital spending." Journal of Public Economics 56, no. 2 (1995): 165–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0047-2727(94)01431-m.

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21

Grishin, N. V. "Theories of institutional borrowings and the study of innovations in state electoral policy." Sovremennaya nauka i innovatsii, no. 3 (47) (2024): 134–44. https://doi.org/10.37493/2307-910x.2024.3.15.

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The article examines the methodological possibilities of theories of institutional borrowing (in particular, import and transplantation of institutions) in the field of studying innovations in electoral governance. Limitations are identified for applying the diffusion of innovation theory and theory of policy diffusion to study the spreading of state institutions. A limitation in the use of particular theories is their fundamental focus on considering processes in the private sector, denial of the agency of state, denial of state interests, and methodological dependence on the theory of ration

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22

Постников, С. И., and М. Ю. Телегина. "Analysis of the practice of state internal borrowing in Russia." Экономика и предпринимательство, no. 6(119) (June 23, 2020): 560–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.34925/eip.2020.119.6.115.

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В статье рассматривается опыт предоставления государственных внутренних заимствований, при этом затрагиваются исторические предпосылки, сложившиеся при формирования института заимствований в СССР, а позже и в России. Также в статье оцениваются исторические и современные методы привлечения и использования средств, выявляются основные тенденции и особенности государственных заимствований в Российской Федерации, определяется круг основных проблем привлечения и использования государственных займов и кредитов. The article discusses the experience of providing state internal borrowing, while address

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23

Kuzmina, Olga Yrievna, Maria Eugenievna Konovalova, and Anton Valerievich Kravchenko. "Public borrowing and their impact on growth of public well-being." KANT 38, no. 1 (2021): 37–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.24923/2222-243x.2021-38.8.

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The article is devoted to the study of the role of government borrowing in the system of modern market relations, in which the search for tools to maintain or increase the social welfare of citizens is one of the urgent issues. In conditions of weak economic growth and a slow increase in the standard of living of the population, one of the most significant ways to activate economic growth is precisely the amount of funds raised by the state for solving key social problems. As part of the study, an analysis of internal and external government borrowings of the Russian economic system was carrie

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24

Yakymchuk, O. Ya, and O. P. Melnyk. "The impact of external borrowings on the Ukrainian economy." Analytical and Comparative Jurisprudence, no. 6 (December 16, 2024): 700–704. https://doi.org/10.24144/2788-6018.2024.06.116.

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In current environment, external borrowings have a significant impact on the domestic economy. On the one hand, they are an important tool for the development and stabilisation of Ukraine’s economy, as, if used rationally, they will help maintain budgetary stability and implement the necessary reforms. On the other hand, such borrowings may pose certain risks in the form of an increased debt burden, dependence on creditors, and even a threat to financial independence. For Ukraine, this issue is of particular relevance. Sources of external borrowing include various entities, including: The Inte

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25

Dzigbede, Komla D. "State Government Use of the Same Underwriting Firm and the Impact on Borrowing Costs." Public Finance and Management 19, no. 1 (2019): 1–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/152397211901900101.

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Repeated use of the same underwriter can have a significant impact on issuance costs. On the one hand, an issuer may accumulate relevant information from using the same underwriter for multiple issues, which can reduce information costs and lower borrowing costs. On the other hand, repeated use of the same underwriter can raise borrowing costs if organizational learning is limited and the issuer and underwriter together continue with previous errors in issuance strategy, leading to greater risk-taking and more inefficiency. Despite its importance, existing research on repeated use of the same

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26

Heiko, Тetiana. "LEXICAL BORROWING IN NEOLOGY DIMENSION OF CONTEMPORARY FRENCH." PROBLEMS OF SEMANTICS, PRAGMATICS AND COGNITIVE LINGUISTICS, no. 42 (2022): 31–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2663-6530.2022.42.05.

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The article deals with the state of neologism processes and the dynamics of borrowing in the modern French language for the period 2015-2018, examines the theoretical foundations of the above-mentioned linguistic phenomena and a justified method of researching various aspects of neologisms and the results of the analysis of borrowings. The use of the Néoveille platform made it possible to semi-automatically detect, describe linguistically, and trace the temporal evolution of neologisms from three complementary points of view: temporal, linguistic, and socio-pragmatic. In the temporal aspect, i

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27

Debbarma, Dr Bankim. "THE EXCESSIVE AND UNJUSTIFIED MARKET BORROWING IN THE BUDGET OF TRIPURA IS RACING THE STATE TOWARDS BANKRUPTCY." International Journal of Research in Commerce and Management Studies 05, no. 06 (2023): 99–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.38193/ijrcms.2023.5608.

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The shortages of revenue earning compared to the committed expenditures create deficits in the yearly budget which increases the propensity to borrow or debt financing. Improper budget and planning, negligence and ignorance for creating additional sources of revenue have come to be the major reason behind these market borrowings and loans have been considered as one of the easiest, last and final options to fulfil the requirements for the yearly budget. As a result, the market borrowing and the cost of debt are rapidly increasing, and such a financial management disorder pushing the State towa

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28

Sotnikova, L. V. "Reflection of interest and other expenses on loans and borrowings in accounting (financial) statements: recommendations of state and non-state regulators." Buhuchet v zdravoohranenii (Accounting in Healthcare), no. 8 (August 24, 2024): 13–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/med-17-2408-02.

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The Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation, as the state regulator of accounting, annually discloses new aspects of improving interest and other expenses related to borrowing in accounting (financial) reporting forms, including by issuing annual recommendations to auditors and audit organizations on verifying the reliability of annual reports. Despite the apparent simplicity of reflecting interest on borrowed funds — either for expenses of the current period or in the value of an investment asset, practitioners do not have fewer questions over time. The non-governmental accounting regul

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29

Deuchar, Margaret. "Code-Switching in Linguistics: A Position Paper." Languages 5, no. 2 (2020): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/languages5020022.

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This paper provides a critical review of the state of the art in code-switching research being conducted in linguistics. Three issues of theoretical and practical importance are explored: (a) code-switching vs. borrowing; (b) grammaticality; and (c) variability vs. uniformity, and I take a position on all three issues. Regarding switching vs. borrowing, I argue that not all lone other-language items are borrowings once more subtle measures of integration are used. I defend the use of empirical data to compare competing theoretical frameworks of grammaticality, and I exemplify quantitative rese

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Druzhilovskaya, E. S. "Modern features of accounting for borrowing costs." Buhuchet v zdravoohranenii (Accounting in Healthcare), no. 12 (December 1, 2021): 34–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/med-17-2112-03.

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Accounting for borrowing costs is undoubtedly relevant for many modern organizations. It should be noted that from this year a new federal public finance accounting standard (FAS PF) “Borrowing costs” came into force. This standard establishes updated accounting rules for borrowing costs for state (municipal) budgetary and autonomous institutions (including healthcare institutions). These rules are analyzed in this article. The research methods were analysis and synthesis, grouping method, comparison, analogy method, logical approach, systemic approach. On the basis of the research carried out

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31

Dmitrieva, O. "Deformation of Fiscal Policy and Debt Management as a Result of the Stabilization Fund Forming." Voprosy Ekonomiki, no. 3 (March 20, 2013): 20–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.32609/0042-8736-2013-3-20-32.

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The article shows the systematic mistake in the form of underestimation of project budget revenues. It is accompanied by the artificial increase in budget deficit which causes excessive borrowings and debt growth while in fact budget surplus takes place. It is proved that state borrowing and saving of assets in the sovereign funds (Reserve Fund and National Wealth Fund) lead to a combination of negative effects related to both deficit and surplus budgets: artificial slowdown of economic growth and increase in expenses for debt service.

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32

Kang, Qi, Pianran Wang, and Qing Wang. "The state of circulation policies and practices in Chinese academic libraries." Journal of Librarianship and Information Science 51, no. 3 (2017): 601–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0961000617742454.

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The circulation service is an important, traditional library service. Circulation policies are the rules that govern borrowing and renewing materials and the penalties for overdue, lost, or damaged items. Some studies have reported the circulation policies of major academic libraries; however, literature documenting the borrowing privileges of Chinese libraries is scant and does not fully disclose its current characteristics and status. This study aims to investigate and explore the status, features, and patterns of circulation policies employed in the top 46 Chinese university libraries. The

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33

LOVELY, MARY E., and MICHAEL J. WASYLENKO. "STATE TAXATION OF INTEREST INCOME AND MUNICIPAL BORROWING COSTS." National Tax Journal 45, no. 1 (1992): 37–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/ntj41788945.

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34

Scott, R. H. "PUBLIC BORROWING IN AUSTRALIA (State shares and other problems)." Economic Papers: A journal of applied economics and policy 4, no. 1 (1985): 22–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1759-3441.1985.tb00474.x.

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35

Dey, Shubhasis, and Sthanu R. Nair. "State‐level borrowing costs under deregulation – an Indian experience." Journal of Asia Business Studies 7, no. 1 (2013): 68–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/15587891311301034.

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Yusuf, Juita-Elena, Lenahan O'Connell, Merl Hackbart, and Gao Liu. "State Infrastructure Banks and Borrowing Costs for Transportation Projects." Public Finance Review 38, no. 6 (2010): 682–709. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1091142110373606.

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37

Raisanen, Samuel R., and Kathryn F. Birkeland. "State appropriations and undergraduate borrowing: more debt, less money." Applied Economics Letters 23, no. 8 (2015): 566–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13504851.2015.1088135.

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38

Gao, Pengjie, Chang Lee, and Dermot Murphy. "Municipal borrowing costs and state policies for distressed municipalities." Journal of Financial Economics 132, no. 2 (2019): 404–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jfineco.2018.10.009.

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Ziwakar, Haidar, and Kumar Sahni Gopal. "Financial Performance Analysis of the State Bank of India: Growth, Challenges, and Future Prospects (2022-2024)." ACCST RESEARCH JOURNAL XXIII, no. 1, January 2025 (2025): 80–96. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15314744.

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                <em>The State Bank of India (SBI), the largest public sector bank in India, serves as a vital pillar in the country’s financial ecosystem. This research paper provides a comprehensive analysis of SBI’s financial performance during the fiscal years 2022 to 2024, with a focus on key parameters such as deposits, borrowings, advances, and asset quality. The study employs tools like ratio analysis and trend evaluation to assess the bank’s growth trajectory, operational efficiency, and overall financial stability. Special emph

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40

КОРОЛЬ, С. "КЛАСИФІКАЦІЯ ЛЕКСИКИ ІНШОМОВНОГО ПОХОДЖЕННЯ В НІМЕЦЬКІЙ МОВІ". Current issues of linguistics and translation studies 21, № 2 (2021): 29–33. https://doi.org/10.31891/2415-7929-2021-21-34.

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The article is devoted to the study of vocabulary of foreign-language origin in German. The problem of borrowing in German has always attracted the attention of linguists and remains relevant and in our time, since it is a dynamic system undergoing changes from the influence of globalization processes that cause new borrowing in the language. Borrowing vocabulary from other languages serves as a source of enrichment of its own vocabulary. Adaptation of borrowed words to a new language occurs in a different way. It has been found that most of the borrowings for many years of existence in German

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41

Lyutyy, Igor, Nataliia Plieshakova, and Kateryna Zhuk. "DOMESTIC GOVERNMENT BORROWINGS IN THE FINANCIAL SYSTEM OF UKRAINE." Scientific Notes of Ostroh Academy National University, "Economics" Series 1, no. 23(51) (2021): 74–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.25264/2311-5149-2021-23(51)-74-80.

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The lack of a unified concept of debt policy in Ukraine has become a catalyst for exacerbating the contradictions in the stability of the financial system of the state. The situation in recent years, caused by significant budget deficits, pandemics, military conflict in the eastern Ukraine, dependence on energy imports, the need to increase foreign exchange reserves to ensure the stability of the national currency, the need for technical re-equipment and restructuring of the national economy which led to a significant increase in pressure on the state budget and a decrease in its investment co

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42

Economidis, Charalampos. "The Social Accounting Matrix, the reduction of borrowing through the reduction of government consumption and its effect on the Greek economy." Social Cohesion and Development 13, no. 2 (2021): 139. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/scad.25847.

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The aim of this paper is to calculate the impact of the reduction or elimination of net borrowing on the Greek economy. The assumption made for this calculation is that a reduction of net borrowing leads to a reduction of government consumption. The effects on the Greek economy of reducing borrowing are calculated by using the Social Accounting Matrix. The results show that a reduction of borrowing must be replaced by a significant increase in production and the resulting reductions relate primarily to sectors in which the state has sizeable participation, such as education, health, security,

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43

Jacildo, Jaynette, and Gideon Sumayo. "Use of an Internet-Based Paraphrasing Tool and Inappropriate Textual Borrowing in University Students' Language Research Papers." TRANS-KATA: Journal of Language, Literature, Culture and Education 5, no. 1 (2024): 1–13. https://doi.org/10.54923/jllce.v5i1.113.

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This quantitative study aimed to determine inappropriate textual borrowing using the traditional paraphrasing method and compared it to an internet-based paraphrasing tool. It also identified the types of paraphrasing that the tool uses. Additionally, it sought to identify the significant difference between the number of inappropriate textual borrowings when using these two methods. This study employed a descriptive-comparative research design involving the works of 48 third-year BSE English majors enrolled in a language research course at a state university in North Cotabato, Philippines. The

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Charles, Cleopatra, and Jongmin Shon. "The impact of public debt on state borrowing cost in the US bond market before the great recession." Journal of Public Budgeting, Accounting & Financial Management 30, no. 3 (2018): 335–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jpbafm-02-2018-0001.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to use data on municipal bond sales in the US primary market for the period 1984–2007 to explore the effect of debt levels on the cost of borrowing for state governments. Design/methodology/approach This paper employs OLS and two-stage least squares regression model using instrumental variables. Findings The empirical analysis finds that despite the steady increase of state debt in recent years, there is no evidence that the market penalizes states with high-debt levels relative to other states. Originality/value The findings urge states to exercise prudenc

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Ningsih, Andini Yulistia, Volvo Sihombing, and Sahat Parulian Sitorus. "Implementation of a priori algorithm for book lending at state high school library I Silima Pungaga-Punga Parongil." Sinkron 7, no. 1 (2022): 196–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.33395/sinkron.v7i1.11257.

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The library plays a role in helping students to enjoy reading books. The availability of books in various fields motivates students to come to visit the library, students / i can read or borrow library books. For this reason, the purpose of this research was carried out including helping library officials apply the rules of how to visit the libraries. In carrying out research methods, including conducting direct observations, conducting interviews to collect the necessary data. The pattern that will be analyzed is the pattern of borrowing what books are often borrowed so that library off

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Gupta, Shruti, and Kevin James. "The Nature and Implications of Off-Budget Borrowings in India: Centre and States." Indian Public Policy Review 4, no. 3 (2023): 01–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.55763/ippr.2023.04.03.001.

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    India has a long-standing problem with data gaps, which have serious implications for fiscal policy and economic growth. The lack of transparency around off-budget borrowing is a major example of data gaps in India, and has been persistent across the Union and state levels. The paper examines the regulatory framework and institutional gaps surrounding off-budget borrowings in India. It attempts to build a comprehensive understanding on the methods used for such borrowings and ascertains their true extent. The paper relies primarily on data from CAG audits of the Uni

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Hilton, Sam Kris, Vida Aba Essuman, Ebenezer Dzinpa Effisah, and Andaratu Achuliwor Khalid. "State Borrowing and Electricity Tariff in an Emerging Economy: Post-COVID-19 Experience." Journal of Risk and Financial Management 18, no. 4 (2025): 184. https://doi.org/10.3390/jrfm18040184.

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As the debt stock level of Ghana continues to rise, partly due to the negative impact of COVID-19, a number of new taxes have been introduced in the 2021 budget statement alongside an upward adjustment of electricity tariff. State borrowing may significantly influence electricity tariff, as power generation and distribution are primarily undertaken by state-owned companies whose borrowing constitutes a substantial portion of the country’s overall debt. Hence, this paper assesses the impact of state debt on electricity tariff in Ghana post COVID-19. The autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) mod

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Farion, Iryna. "The Phenomenon of Anglo-barbarization in the Ukrainian Educational and Scientific Environment: History and Modernity." Ukrainian Information Space, no. 5 (June 4, 2020): 88–106. https://doi.org/10.31866/2616-7948.1(5).2020.206101.

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The article for the first time raises the problem of foreign languages reception and borrowings in the historical-comparative and diachronic-synchronous context. The object of the research is educational and scientific sphere (Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine) on the use of foreign languages and borrowings. The functioning of the Church Slavonic and Latin languages as the most widespread in Ukrainian space in the late Middle Ages and Pre-Modern times is analyzed with a projection on the current dominance of English language and anglicisms in the educational and scientific field. To

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Novy-Marx, Robert, and Joshua D. Rauh. "Fiscal Imbalances and Borrowing Costs: Evidence from State Investment Losses." American Economic Journal: Economic Policy 4, no. 2 (2012): 182–213. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/pol.4.2.182.

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During the last quarter of 2008, financial losses in state pension funds varied from 12 percent to 68 percent of the revenue generated by the state government. We quantify a sovereign default channel in the state municipal market by examining how changes in bond spreads vary with state pension fund losses, controlling for credit ratings and various measures of the state's fiscal strength. Municipal bond spreads rose by 7–15 basis points for each 10 percent of state-generated revenue lost by states in the lower half of the credit quality spectrum. (JEL H71, H72, H74, H75)

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Maulina, Mega, Madona Yunita Wijaya, and Nina Fitriyati. "PERBANDINGAN METODE BACKWARD DAN FORWARD PADA SELEKSI MIXED-EFFECTS MODEL." Jurnal Lebesgue : Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Matematika, Matematika dan Statistika 5, no. 1 (2024): 62–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.46306/lb.v5i1.495.

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In the era of globalization, concerns about the stability and vulnerability of nations have become a primary focus in the field of international relations research. One of the indicators measuring a country’s vulnerability is the Fragile State Index. This research discusses the analysis of Fragile State Index in Southeast Asian countries using panel data observed from 2010 to 2021, focusing on economic impacts. The factors involved include Gross Domestic Product, General Government Net Lending/Borrowing, Inflation, and Life Expectancy. A mixed-effects model is employed to examine the influence

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