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Journal articles on the topic 'State building codes'

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Published: 2 June 2025

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Galvan, Sara C. "Rehabilitating Rehab through State Building Codes." Yale Law Journal 115, no. 7 (2006): 1744. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/20455668.

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Zhydkova, Tetyana, and Svіtlana Chepurna. "ORGANIZATION FOR THE PROTECTION OF CIVIL POPULATION IN MULTI-STOREY RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS." Urban development and spatial planning, no. 80 (May 30, 2022): 191–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.32347/2076-815x.2022.80.191-202.

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The war in Ukraine is shown complete inability to ensure protection civil population. The current legislation and building codes on engineering and technical measures of civil protection weren’t provided by the realities of war. The experience of Israel and Singapore in creating safe rooms directly in residential buildings has been analyzing. The purpose of this researching is discovering inability to modern requirements for current standard codes due to ensuring of civil protection population. For achievement to purpose was defended following tasks: the experience of somethi

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KUZNETsOVA, A. A. "METHOD OF COMPLEMENTING THE ESTABLISHED SYSTEM OF KINDERGARTENS BY THE EXAMPLE OF SAMARA." Urban construction and architecture 2, no. 4 (2012): 32–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.17673/vestnik.2012.04.6.

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The article considers the modern structure system of kindergarten at the Samara State region. There was produced resolution of existing building codes for kindergartens. The dependence of the location and type of building from type of the territory were identified. The several areas of modernization of the existing system of pre-school buildings were offered.

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Khose, Vijay Namdev, Yogendra Singh, and Dominik H. Lang. "A Comparative Study of Design Base Shear for RC Buildings in Selected Seismic Design Codes." Earthquake Spectra 28, no. 3 (2012): 1047–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/1.4000057.

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Modern seismic building design codes tend to converge on issues of design methodology and the state-of-the-art. However, significant differences exist in basic provisions of various codes. This paper compares important provisions related to the seismic design of RC buildings in some of the major national seismic building codes viz. ASCE 7, Eurocode 8, NZS 1170.5, and IS 1893. Code provisions regarding the specification of hazard, site classification, design response spectrum, ductility classification, response reduction factors, and minimum design base shear are compared and their cumulative e

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Al Jauhari, Zev, Addini Khafifah Nur, Ridho Aidil Fitrah, and Siska Apriwelni. "Comparative study of SNI 1726:2012 and SNI 1726:2019 guidelines for response spectrum 2D method (study case: GKT II building of Bengkalis State Polytechnic)." E3S Web of Conferences 331 (2021): 05004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202133105004.

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A standard code for designing earthquake-resistant buildings in Indonesia has always improved and updated year by year. It starts 1983, SNI 1726:2002, SNI 1726:2012, and the latest one SNI 1726:2019 Standard Codes. There is a procedure scope change for designing seismic load to become wider due to the adoption of a new standard, SNI 1726:2019. This research aims to compare the building design by using the response spectrum 2D method of SNI 1726:2012 and 2019 to determine the safety of existing buildings that use the old code. The structure of the building is modelled as a classroom and office

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Simmons, Kevin M., Paul Kovacs, and Adam B. Smith. "State-by-State Analysis of Benefits to Cost from Wind-Enhanced Building Codes." Natural Hazards Review 21, no. 2 (2020): 04020007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)nh.1527-6996.0000358.

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Hu, Ming, and Nora Wang Esram. "The Status of Embodied Carbon in Building Practice and Research in the United States: A Systematic Investigation." Sustainability 13, no. 23 (2021): 12961. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su132312961.

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The building construction industry accounts for 5% of global energy use and 10% of global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. A primary source of these emissions is the manufacture of building construction materials such as steel, cement, and glass. As aggressive building energy codes push new construction towards net-zero-energy and net-zero-carbon operations, corresponding efforts to reduce embodied energy and carbon from building construction materials must be pursued to achieve the decarbonization goals of the building sector. In the past few decades, progressive building energy codes as well

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Liu, Yong Jun, Yao Wu, Jing Hai Zhou, and Yu Wang. "Structures under Multi-Hazards: State-of-the-Art and Research Needs." Applied Mechanics and Materials 438-439 (October 2013): 1879–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.438-439.1879.

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Recent years, many infrastructures, say building structures and bridge structures, have suffered from multi-hazards. According to official reports, 286 fires broke out due to the 2011 off the Pacific coast of Tohoku Earthquake, and fire after 1995 Kobe earthquake destroyed almost 7000 buildings. Current design codes treat earthquakes, fires and explosions as completely independent. The application of multi-hazard design is essential for improving the safety of structures, reducing building life cycle costs and increasing efficiency. In this paper, some influential multi-hazard incidents are de

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Sutter, Daniel. "Public Sector Quality Assurance and Building Codes." Journal of Public Finance and Public Choice 27, no. 2 (2009): 155–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/251569209x15665367046633.

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Abstract Building codes have been stressed as a means to reduce losses from hurricanes, earthquakes and other natural hazards. Almost all U. S. states have adopted a building code, but codes must be enforced to actually strengthen the built environment. This paper explores the determinants of building code enforcement across states using ratings from the Insurance Services Office. Overall enforcement is not outstanding, as only five communities nationwide have the best rating of 1, and less than 7% have one of the three top ratings. Although stressed as a means to reduce natural hazards losses

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Pudjisuryadi, Pamuda, Elian Davin Mulyadi, Ferry, and Benjamin Lumantarna. "Performance of an existing reinforced concrete building designed in accordance to older indonesian codes (pptgiug 1983 and sksni t-15-1991-03): case study for a hotel in balikpapan." MATEC Web of Conferences 258 (2019): 05028. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201925805028.

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As a high seismic hazard country, Indonesia periodically updates its seismic and structural concrete codes. The current seismic and structural concrete codes of Indonesia are the SNI 1726-2012 and the SNI 2847-2013, respectively. Since every update usually demands higher requirement, existing buildings that were designed using older codes should be evaluated. This study investigates 9-storey hotel building in Balikpapan, Indonesia, which was designed using the PPTGIUG 1983 code and will be evaluated according to the current code. Non-linear direct integration time history analysis was conducte

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Turner, Ciara. "It Takes a Village: Designating "Tiny House" Villages as Transitional Housing Campgrounds." University of Michigan Journal of Law Reform, no. 50.4 (2017): 931. http://dx.doi.org/10.36646/mjlr.50.4.it.

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A relatively new proposal to reduce homelessness in the United States involves extraordinarily small dwellings. While the “tiny house” movement is intuitively appealing and has found sporadic success, strict housing codes, building codes, and zoning laws often destroy the movement before it can get off the ground. One possibility for getting around these zoning and building code challenges, without drastic overhauls to health and safety codes, is to create a new state-level zoning classification of “transitional campgrounds.” A new zoning classification would alleviate the issue because campgr

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Çapa, Yuşa Uğur, Ali Ruzi Özuygur, and Zekai Celep. "A study on earthquake performances of reinforced concrete buildings with various number of stories." Journal of Structural Engineering & Applied Mechanics 4, no. 2 (2021): 83–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.31462/jseam.2021.04083098.

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Seismic codes generally require that the Equivalent Seismic Load Method or the Modal Response Spectrum Method is adopted in the design of buildings. In the equivalent seismic load method, the equivalent seismic static force applied to the building is determined depending on the seismicity of the region where the building is located, the usage class of the building, the fundamental period of the building and the building mass. Later, this equivalent seismic load is reduced by the seismic load reduction factor to take into account the increase in the capacity of the system and the decrease in th

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Cruz, Ernesto F. "Present State of Seismic Design and Analysis Regulations in Chile." Earthquake Spectra 5, no. 4 (1989): 661–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/1.1585548.

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A summary of the different provisions existing in Chile is given. The codes related to earthquake engineering practice are divided into two major groups: the first defining the loads and actions, and the other dealing with materials behavior, resistance, and detailing requirements. The overall characteristics of these codes are discussed. Special emphasis is given to the seismic design code provisions that define the level of earthquake action to expect, depending on building characteristics and site soil conditions. No seismic risk map is included in the code. Two different analysis procedure

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Kim, Seou. "Crime Prevention through environmental design(CPTED): Current state and Improvements of Government Office Buildings." Korea CPTED Association 13, no. 2 (2022): 117–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.26470/jcssed.2022.13.2.117.

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The purpose of this study is to investigate government office buildings and the environmental factors that contribute to crime preventative designs of those buildings. It has been found that: first, in the case of central government buildings, “access management of government buildings” and “protection diagnosis” were newly established in the ｢government building management regulations and enforcement regulations｣ in December, 2016. However, this change has yet to be established in local government buildings. In addition, it was confirmed that the contents of regulations reflected here were fa

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Baskaran, A., and T. Stathopoulos. "Prediction of wind effects on buildings using computational methods — review of the state of the art." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 21, no. 5 (1994): 805–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l94-087.

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Advancements in computer software and hardware technology provide a new direction for analyzing engineering problems. Recently the field of wind engineering has gained significant momentum in the computer modelling process. This paper reviews the state of the art in computational wind engineering, including the finite element method, finite difference method, and control volume technique. A portion of this paper summarizes the research in this area carried out by the authors. Computations have been made for a variety of building configurations, including normal wind flow conditions for a build

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Maghrabie, Hussein M., Mohammad Ali Abdelkareem, Abdul Hai Al-Alami, et al. "State-of-the-Art Technologies for Building-Integrated Photovoltaic Systems." Buildings 11, no. 9 (2021): 383. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings11090383.

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Advances in building-integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) systems for residential and commercial purposes are set to minimize overall energy requirements and associated greenhouse gas emissions. The BIPV design considerations entail energy infrastructure, pertinent renewable energy sources, and energy efficiency provisions. In this work, the performance of roof/façade-based BIPV systems and the affecting parameters on cooling/heating loads of buildings are reviewed. Moreover, this work provides an overview of different categories of BIPV, presenting the recent developments and sufficient references,

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Xie, Yulong, Matthew Tyler, Jennifer Huckett, et al. "A Review of the Evaluation of Building Energy Code Compliance in the United States." Energies 16, no. 16 (2023): 5874. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16165874.

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Building energy codes are essential tools for achieving energy efficiency in buildings. However, the full energy savings potential of these codes can only be realized if buildings are constructed in compliance with them. Therefore, evaluating building energy code compliance is crucial in bridging the gap between the energy efficiency requirements set by energy codes and the actualized energy savings achieved. An energy code compliance evaluation serves as a mechanism to assess construction practices, evaluate the effectiveness of code enforcement, identify gaps in compliance, and guide strateg

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18

Yurchenko, Elena, Alexander Volkov, and Asthik Kakosyan. "Seismic resistance and endurance of the typical residential buildings in Sochi." MATEC Web of Conferences 193 (2018): 03014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201819303014.

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The typical residential buildings of the 1960-90s are a significant part of Sochi’s housing stock, similar to other cities in Russia. Nowadays they are in the half of their design life. The purpose of the study is to determine the reliability and endurance of operation under conditions of seismic intensity degree VIII by the MSK-64 scale (Medvedev-Sponheuer-Karnik scale), the humid subtropical climate, Sochi’s housing density, and the rugged terrain. Studies of the technical condition of buildings and facilities have been conducted in Sochi State University for 20 years. According to the build

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19

Maison, Bruce, Brian McDonald, David McCormick, Marko Schotanus, and Jonathan Buckalew. "Commentary on FEMA P-807 for Retrofit of Wood-Frame Soft-Story Buildings." Earthquake Spectra 30, no. 4 (2014): 1359–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/121213eqs293.

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The FEMA P-807 guideline titled Seismic Evaluation and Retrofit of Multi-Unit Wood-Frame Buildings with Weak First Stories is a new approach for building retrofit. It goes beyond current building codes and standards by quantifying performance in probabilistic terms. The authors performed an independent review of P-807, and the resulting commentary herein covers five topics: (1) building lateral force-drift (backbone) curves, (2) building interstory drift limits, (3) lateral strength requirements, (4) collapse safety margins, and (5) site class effects. It was concluded that P-807 may be an eff

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20

Pichugin, S. "DEVELOPMENT OF RANKING OF CRANE LOADS ON BUILDING STRUCTURES." Municipal economy of cities 4, no. 164 (2021): 82–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.33042/2522-1809-2021-4-164-82-98.

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Ensuring the reliability and safety of buildings and structures largely depends on a proper understanding of the nature and quantitative description and rationing of loads on building structures, including crane loads. Loads from cranes can be significant; they have a variable dynamic nature and have a significant force on the structure of industrial buildings. These features are to some extent reflected in the sections of design codes of building structures that contain standards for crane load. Most of the parameters of the crane load codes are probabilistic nature and require the use of sta

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21

Simmons, Kevin M., Paul Kovacs, and Gregory A. Kopp. "Tornado Damage Mitigation: Benefit–Cost Analysis of Enhanced Building Codes in Oklahoma." Weather, Climate, and Society 7, no. 2 (2015): 169–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/wcas-d-14-00032.1.

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Abstract In April 2014, the city of Moore, Oklahoma, adopted enhanced building codes designed for wind-resistant construction. This action came after Moore suffered three violent tornadoes in 14 yr. Insured loss data and a rigorous approach to estimating how much future damage can be mitigated is used to conduct a benefit–cost analysis of the Moore standards applied to the entire state of Oklahoma. The results show that the new codes easily pass the benefit–cost test for the state of Oklahoma by a factor of 3 to 1. Additionally, a sensitivity analysis is conducted on each of the five input var

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Stewart, Colin, Michael Gormley, Yunpeng Xue, David Kelly, and David Campbell. "Steady-State Hydraulic Analysis of High-Rise Building Wastewater Drainage Networks: Modelling Basis." Buildings 11, no. 8 (2021): 344. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings11080344.

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A model is presented which allows steady-state pressure profiles in high-rise wastewater drainage networks to be related to intake air flowrates and discharge water flowrates. This model is developed using data taken from academic literature, and is based on experimental observations which suggest that a vertical annular downflow develops over distance such that the pressure gradient in the wet stack may be expressed as the sum of junction components and developed flow components. The model is used to analyse a simplified ‘medium rise’ primary vented system of height 40 m, hosting two inflow j

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Li, Haoyang, Jing Zhang, Hanbing Liu, et al. "CodeS: Towards Building Open-source Language Models for Text-to-SQL." Proceedings of the ACM on Management of Data 2, no. 3 (2024): 1–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3654930.

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Language models have shown promising performance on the task of translating natural language questions into SQL queries (Text-to-SQL). However, most of the state-of-the-art (SOTA) approaches rely on powerful yet closed-source large language models (LLMs), such as ChatGPT and GPT-4, which may have the limitations of unclear model architectures, data privacy risks, and expensive inference overheads. To address the limitations, we introduce CodeS, a series of pre-trained language models with parameters ranging from 1B to 15B, specifically designed for the text-to-SQL task. CodeS is a fully open-s

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GAWRON, P., and J. A. MISZCZAK. "NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS OF MIXED STATE QUANTUM COMPUTATION." International Journal of Quantum Information 03, no. 01 (2005): 195–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219749905000748.

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We describe the [Formula: see text] package of functions useful for simulations of quantum algorithms and protocols. The presented package allows one to perform simulations with mixed states. We present numerical implementation of important quantum mechanical operations — partial trace and partial transpose. Those operations are used as building blocks of algorithms for analysis of entanglement and quantum error correction codes. A simulation of Shor's algorithm is presented as an example of package capabilities.

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Salisu, H., O. Faremi, O. Adenuga, O. Odeniran, O. Soneye, and A. Shodiya. "Assessment of BIM-based maintenance management practices in Lagos State Higher Education Institutions." Environmental Technology and Science Journal 15, no. 2 (2024): 174–82. https://doi.org/10.4314/etsj.v15i2.19.

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Tertiary institutions, with their extensive building portfolios, face unique challenges in managing maintenance operations effectively. BIM technology serves as a central repository of building information, consolidating data on design, construction, and operation, thereby revolutionizing traditional maintenance practices. This study assessed the state of Building Information Modelling (BIM)-based maintenance management practices of higher education institution buildings in Lagos State focusing on maintenance staff perspectives in public universities. The research evaluates the level of usage

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Wu, Jin, Xiaorui Xue, and Jiansong Zhang. "Invariant Signature, Logic Reasoning, and Semantic Natural Language Processing (NLP)-Based Automated Building Code Compliance Checking (I-SNACC) Framework." Journal of Information Technology in Construction 28 (January 24, 2023): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.36680/j.itcon.2023.001.

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Traditional manual building code compliance checking is costly, time-consuming, and human error-prone. With the adoption of Building Information Modeling (BIM), automation in such a checking process becomes more feasible. However, existing methods still face limited automation when applied to different building codes. To address that, in this paper, the authors proposed a new framework that requires minimal input from users and strives for full automation, namely, the Invariant signature, logic reasoning, and Semantic Natural language processing (NLP)-based Automated building Code compliance C

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Rama, J. S. Kalyana, B. Vamsi Krishna, and S. C. Mohan. "Performance-Based Design of an Irregular RC Structure with and without Supplemental Damping." Proceedings of the 12th Structural Engineering Convention, SEC 2022: Themes 1-2 1, no. 1 (2022): 605–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.38208/acp.v1.555.

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Many countries are undertaking changes in earthquake design codes, the main reason for it is that the existing building codes do not specify the performance criteria of individual structural elements under various levels of shaking. Even though some buildings performed well in life safety aspects, many of those failed in safeguarding the building from high extent of structural damage under severe shaking. Retrofitting had also proved to be uneconomical for the buildings to perform better under severe shaking. In the current earthquake codes, the displacements and forces are within the elastic

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Allori, Gaia. "Legal culture and customary codes: Non-state law and identity building in Italian history." Hungarian Journal of Legal Studies 57, no. 3 (2016): 389–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/2052.2016.57.3.9.

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Tokarchuk, V. V., and N. Ya Tsimbel'man. "Concept of combined strain-stress state control of long span structures." Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo arkhitekturno-stroitel'nogo universiteta. JOURNAL of Construction and Architecture 26, no. 2 (2024): 113–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.31675/1607-1859-2024-26-2-113-122.

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Purpose: Argumentation of necessity of special protective system design to protect structures in seismic zones and remote areas from specific loads. Such protective system combines seismic isolation and internal force control systems.Research findings: Restrictions of long-span structures construction are reviewed. Such restrictions are caused by building conditions embodied in National Building Codes and Standards. Combined and separate use of seismic isolation and internal force control systems is a critical specific load protection. Present inventions and experience in the field of seismic

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Shrayberg, Ya L., E. Y. Dmitrieva, T. A. Pronina, I. S. Smyslova, O. B. Startseva, and E. S. Terekhova. "Building the conversion table of semantic match between researchers specialty codes for Section 1 Natural Sciences of HAC Classification and GRNTI subject headings." Scientific and Technical Libraries 1, no. 2 (2024): 142–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.33186/1027-3689-2024-2-142-163.

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The authors discuss the results of building interreflections (matches) of research specialty codes and GRNTI subject headings based on the comparative intellectual analysis. The current master version of the State Rubricator of Scitech Information (SRSTI, GRNTI) and the verified version of the Higher Attestation Commission (HAC, VAK) are compared. The interreflection of specialty codes of these two classifications are defined as the relations of logical match, inclusion and overlapping of extensions within the subject scope of studies as indicated in the profiles of specialties and correspondi

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31

Furtado, André, Hugo Rodrigues, and Humberto Varum. "Simplified Guidelines for Retrofitting Scenarios in the European Countries." Energies 16, no. 5 (2023): 2408. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16052408.

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A large part of the European building stock was built before implementing the recent energy and structural codes, resulting in buildings characterized by deficiencies in terms of comfort, energy savings and structural safety. The retrofitting and rehabilitation of the existing building stock need to be adequately performed, aiming to improve the seismic and energy performance simultaneously. The work summarized here is dedicated to defining priority scenarios for buildings’ retrofitting to improve the seismic safety and energy efficiency of the European Union (EU) building stock. First, the st

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Tsynka, Anatolii, Serhii Illiash, and Volodymyr Zelenovskyi. "IMPROVEMENT OF BUILDING CODES FOR QUALITY DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS." Dorogi i mosti 2022, no. 25 (2022): 110–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.36100/dorogimosti2022.25.110.

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Abstract Introduction. This article considers the issue of modernization of the regulatory and technical base of the road sector in the design and construction of streets and roads of settlements and public roads (hereinafter - highways) on the basis of analysis of existing regulations, regulations, technical literature, which refers to the objects of regulation and, of course, taking into account the requirements dictated by today's safety and environmental protection. The work concerns the basic building codes for the design and construction of roads, namely those innovations that have alrea

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Cantor, Pedro, António Renato Bicelli, Ellon Bernardes de Assis, Mário Rui Arruda, and Fernando Branco. "Report on Existing Fireproof Construction Guidelines for Dwellings against Wildfires." CivilEng 4, no. 2 (2023): 657–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/civileng4020038.

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This work presents a state-of-the-art review of existing fireproof construction guidelines for dwellings against wildfires. The most important wildfire-proof construction guidelines and codes for dwellings are presented, and these are later associated with existing fire engineering chapters associated with building codes. It was concluded that the variability in this subject is very high, and the approach to classifying the thermal effects in construction still lags behind scientific consensus. Moreover, the constructive requirements depend severally on the country’s building code when assessi

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Olteanu, I., C.-I. Anton, and G. Țăranu. "Case study on reinforced concrete frame structure adaptability." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1304, no. 1 (2024): 012011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1304/1/012011.

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Abstract The limited space to build from scratch significantly increased the need to rehabilitate for the re-functionalization of different buildings. The reinforced concrete frame structure is easily adaptable and has several advantages in this direction. When changing the function of a building an evaluation of the existing damages is done as well as a numerical simulation with the new loads. The article presents the case of changing a neighbourhood clinic into a kindergarten. The seismic risk coefficients are computed (R1, R2 and R3) in order to establish the seismic risk class for the exis

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Xie, Yulong, Mark Halverson, Rosemarie Bartlett, et al. "Evaluating Building Energy Code Compliance and Savings Potential through Large-Scale Simulation with Models Inferred by Field Data." Energies 13, no. 9 (2020): 2321. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13092321.

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Building energy code compliance is the crucial link between the actual energy savings and the efficiency prescribed in energy codes. A research project aiming to identify opportunities to reduce energy consumption in new single-family residential construction by increasing compliance with the building energy code was conducted in several states of the United States. The study was comprised of three phases: (1) a baseline study to document typical practice and identify opportunities for improvement based on empirical data gathered from the field; (2) an education and training phase targeting th

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Mahdavi, Ardeshir, Christiane Berger, Veselina Bochukova, et al. "Necessary Conditions for Multi-Domain Indoor Environmental Quality Standards." Sustainability 12, no. 20 (2020): 8439. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12208439.

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A discussion of sustainability in architecture cannot be meaningfully carried out without the inclusion of most buildings’ central purpose, namely the provision of indoor environments that are accommodating of occupants’ needs and requirements. To this end, building designers and operators are expected to demonstrate compliance with codes and standards pertaining to indoor environmental quality (IEQ). However, the majority of conventional IEQ standards, codes, and guidelines have a single-domain character, in that they address IEQ in terms of a number of isolated domains (i.e., thermal, visual

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Tardini, Virginia, Giulia Fratoni, and Dario D'Orazio. "Summary of National Standards on classroom acoustics: The data collection." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 155, no. 3_Supplement (2024): A211—A212. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/10.0027338.

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Improving acoustic comfort in classrooms is paramount for enhancing intelligibility, fostering student concentration, and alleviating the vocal strain on teachers. The global discourse on acoustic quality in educational buildings has intensified in recent decades, with each country establishing its unique set of building codes, standards, guidelines, and voluntary point protocols to delineate acoustic quality parameters. Geometrical and architectural classroom variations, influenced by cultural and historical contexts, further contribute to the diversity of approaches. The present work provide

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Salem, Elabbadi Mohammed, Belferrag Allaoua, Boutoutaou Djamel, Djoudi Lakhder, Mazzar Oussama, and Bassoud Abdelkader. "Pathology of reinforced concrete constructions seismic rehabilitation assistance." STUDIES IN ENGINEERING AND EXACT SCIENCES 5, no. 2 (2024): e11660. https://doi.org/10.54021/seesv5n2-657.

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In severe stress, reinforced concrete structures are generally classified into three categories: red, where significant damage has occurred to the load-bearing structure; orange, where damage to the structural part is considered slight; and yellow, where the structural part is sound. The last two classes are necessarily exposed to several remedial techniques such as rehabilitation, repair, reinforcement, etc. Unfortunately, these techniques are not well detailed in all seismic building codes and regulations. Classroom buildings must be upgraded to increase their lifespan, make them more functi

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Shah, Rinky, Sanjay K.C, Shubhanshu Kumar Bhagat, Srijana Chaudhary, Subash Pokharel, and Yogesh Yadav. "A State-of-The-Art Technical Review on Seismic Resilience of Rcc Structural Components Using Seismic Resistance Based Retrofitting Techniques." Journal of Advanced College of Engineering and Management 8, no. 1 (2023): 29–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jacem.v8i1.55909.

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Existing buildings can be at a greater seismic risk due to non-conformance to current design codes and may require structural retrofitting to improve building performance. The most recent example of that can be seen from the 2015 AD earthquake in Nepal and other sub continental regions, where numbers of buildings were destroyed with more fatal consequences have drawn the attention of the government authorities of Nepal and the general public for seismic earthquake resistance design of buildings. Following the post seismic assessment of building in Nepal after 2015 earthquake, it is revealed th

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Nordenson, Guy J. P., and Glenn R. Bell. "Seismic Design Requirements for Regions of Moderate Seismicity." Earthquake Spectra 16, no. 1 (2000): 205–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/1.1586091.

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The need for earthquake-resistant construction in areas of low-to-moderate seismicity has been recognized through the adoption of code requirements in the United States and other countries only in the past quarter century. This is largely a result of improved assessment of seismic hazard and examples of recent moderate earthquakes in regions of both moderate and high seismicity, including the San Fernando (1971), Mexico City (1985), Loma Prieta (1989), and Northridge (1994) earthquakes. In addition, improved understanding and estimates of older earthquakes in the eastern United States such as

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Derbisheva, E. D., and E. Arstanbek kyzy. "REGULATORY REGULATION OF CONSTRUCTION OF TOURIST FACILITIES." Herald of KSUCTA n a N Isanov, no. 2-2-2022 (April 30, 2022): 769–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.35803/1694-5298.2022.2.769-776.

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In article considers the importance of regulatory regulation in the construction of tourist industry facilities as a decisive factor in ensuring the quality and safety of a tourist product. Level of development and compliance of objects of the tourism industry with international requirements affects the competitiveness of the tourist destination. The development of tourism leads to the need for the construction of new and reconstruction, modernization of existing objects of the tourism industry. This study analyzed the development of hotel construction and similar accommodation facilities for

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Zucconi, Maria, Rachele Ferlito, and Luigi Sorrentino. "Typological Damage Fragility Curves for Unreinforced Masonry Buildings affected by the 2009 L'Aquila, Italy Earthquake." Open Civil Engineering Journal 15, no. 1 (2021): 117–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874149502115010117.

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Background: Seismic risk mitigation has become a crucial issue due to the great number of casualties and large economic losses registered after recent earthquakes. In particular, unreinforced masonry constructions built before modern seismic codes, common in Italy and in other seismic-prone areas, are characterized by great vulnerability. In order to implement mitigation policies, analytical tools are necessary to generate scenario simulations. Methods: Therefore, data collected during inspections after the 2009 L’Aquila, Italy earthquake are used to derive novel fragility functions. Compared

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Vijay Kumat Pandit. "Design and Seismic Performance Analysis of Multi-Story Building." Communications on Applied Nonlinear Analysis 32, no. 10s (2025): 2068–72. https://doi.org/10.52783/cana.v32.5378.

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This research aims to analyze and design a G+6 private residential structure using ETABS and STAAD.Pro. Traditional design methods are time-consuming and complex, whereas software-based approaches offer faster and more precise results. STAAD.Pro and ETABS employ the limit state method as per Indian Standard Codes. STAAD.Pro provides an advanced interface, visualization tools, and powerful analysis engines. This study considers dead load, live load, wind load, and seismic load combinations. The analysis includes defining structural components, applying loads, and evaluating results. A comparati

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Akramov, Khusnitdin, Shokhrukh Davlyatov, and Ayubkhon Nazirov. "Analytical calculation of bending elements with basalt fiber and glass composite rod reinforcement under short-term dynamic loading." E3S Web of Conferences 452 (2023): 06006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202345206006.

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During the construction and operation of buildings and structures, in addition to static loads, short-term dynamic impacts may occur on building structures and their elements caused by explosions, accidents, etc. As a result, damage or destruction of structures may occur, which leads to possible loss of life and significant material losses. Taking into account the influence of such impacts on the load-bearing capacity of building structures is relevant. A significant number of works by domestic and foreign authors are devoted to methods for calculating bending reinforced concrete elements unde

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Hogan, Mark. "Re-Coding Planning." Boom 6, no. 1 (2016): 24–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/boom.2016.6.1.24.

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This article looks at the barriers to dealing with California’s housing shortage and addressing climate change which are built into the existing regulations that govern development across the state. The history of planning and building codes is examined, showing that contrary to popular belief many of these rules were not implemented for health and safety reasons, but rather to boost property values by promoting economic and racial segregation. The article argues that the only way to deal with California’s current challenges is to start over with a new set of regulations that promote denser de

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Jamoussi, Bassem, Asad Abu-Rizaiza, and Ali AL-Haij. "Sustainable Building Standards, Codes and Certification Systems: The Status Quo and Future Directions in Saudi Arabia." Sustainability 14, no. 16 (2022): 10314. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su141610314.

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Sustainable building practices are a response to environmental issues. Businesses and industries are assessing how their activities affect the environment. The architecture, engineering and construction (AEC) industries have significant impacts on the environment and economy, while the industry is considered one of the largest contributors to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and has, therefore, been highlighted by researchers as a key area of intervention with a great potential to reduce environmental impacts. This paper critically reviews and evaluates the current state of sustainable building

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Ab Latib, Hazirah, Lum Wai Cheong, Rasmina Halis, et al. "The prospects of wooden building construction in Malaysia: Current state of affairs." BioResources 14, no. 4 (2019): 9840–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.14.4.9840-9852.

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The objective of this study was to evaluate the extent to which the practicing architects in Malaysia were familiar with timber products as a construction material. The materials consumption data was extracted from the Construction Industry Development Board (CIDB) database and was used to conduct a survey among 189 respondent architects. The results indicated that the architects were familiar with common timber products such as plywood, fiberboard, particleboard, and laminated veneer lumber. Correlation analysis of awareness and knowledge against the rate of utilization of these timber produc

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Holub, M., and J. Hübl. "Local protection against mountain hazards – state of the art and future needs." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 8, no. 1 (2008): 81–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-8-81-2008.

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Abstract. During the last decades, settlement activities increased in European mountain regions. Due to the scarceness of areas suitable for development, residential estates were extended into areas endangered by natural hazards such as mass movements. These settlements generally show a considerable vulnerability to tangible assets. Integral risk management strategies to reduce the vulnerability to tangible assets are presented for the assessment of such endangered areas. Conventional mitigation and local structural measures are discussed with respect to the necessary delimitation of endangere

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Simmons, Kevin M., Jeffrey Czajkowski, and Paul Kovacs. "Building code effectiveness grading schedule participation analysis." International Journal of Disaster Resilience in the Built Environment 12, no. 1 (2020): 67–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijdrbe-01-2020-0004.

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Purpose A seemingly obvious solution to improve resilience of built structures facing natural hazards is enhanced structural integrity. One program designed to achieve this is the building code effectiveness grading schedule (BCEGS) which rates communities on the strength and enforcement of local building codes. However, little is known on how well this program has fared in terms of community participation. The purpose of this study is to use the BCEGS program in Florida (a hurricane at-risk state) to provide tangible evidence of whether participatory achievement occurred and identify characte

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Pavel, Florin, and Radu Vacareanu. "Review of Methodologies for Displacement Checks in Modern Seismic Design Codes." Buildings 13, no. 4 (2023): 940. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings13040940.

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This review paper discusses the procedures for evaluating the design displacement given in various design codes from seismically prone countries around the world (the United States, New Zealand, Chile, Japan, Greece, Italy, Iran, India, Turkey, and Romania). The limit displacements and the corresponding limit states are also presented and analyzed in this study besides the importance class factors considered in the selected seismic design codes. A presentation of the behavior factors necessary for evaluating the design value of the seismic action is also shown in this study. One of the observa

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