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Journal articles on the topic "State Fire Marshal Division"
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Gurnah, Ahmed. "Earl Marshal School: towards an inclusive education." Race & Class 51, no. 2 (September 24, 2009): 92–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0306396809345579.
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For five years in the early 1990s, as the Conservative government attempted to drive through the new educational policies heralded by its Education Reform Act of 1988, a comprehensive school in Sheffield was the site of a bold experiment in progressive education. Located in a working-class, inner-city area, Earl Marshal School was ethnically highly diverse, with students from Pakistani, Somali, Yemeni and Caribbean families; white students made up less than 20 per cent of the student roll. With Chris Searle as headteacher from 1990 to 1995, these students, aged 11 to 16, were exposed to a very different kind of schooling from that envisaged by the government — with its newly introduced national curriculum, competitive league tables between schools and authoritarian system of inspections carried out through the Office for Standards in Education (OFSTED). Instead, Searle refused to exclude students for misbehaviour; did not sheepishly follow the national curriculum; was not over-impressed by OFSTED; sought student democracy; and involved the local community in the affairs of the school. Inevitably, he drew fire from OFSTED, from other headteachers, from the local education authority (LEA) and even from David Blunkett, the Sheffield MP who from 1994 was Labour’s shadow secretary of state for education. In the end, they were able to unseat him, depriving Sheffield of the benefits of his ideas. The headteacher who opposed the permanent exclusion of students was himself, as he puts it, ‘permanently excluded’ from the job that he loved and lived for.
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Wang, Qi Heng. "Study of Fire Control Safety of High-Rise Building and Countermeasures." Advanced Materials Research 418-420 (December 2011): 2308–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.418-420.2308.
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For the current Chinese high-rise building fire prevention safety, the present situation and the problem of high-rise building fire prevention safety are expounded from the view of characteristics and cause of high-rise building fire; fire prevention safety management measures and countermeasures for high-rise building are also proposed. Directed analysis is raised from the state policies, high-rise building design, medium construction, equipment of fire control facilities, and later period management; appropriate measures are taken from the general layout, fire prevention division of evacuation staircase, fire-resistant limit, evacuation passages, and automatic warning system.
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Boland, William, and Pete Bontadelli. "TO BOLDLY GO WHERE NO STATE HAS GONE BEFORE1." International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 1995, no. 1 (February 1, 1995): 761–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-1995-1-761.
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ABSTRACT The Marine Safety Division of the 11th Coast Guard District and the California Office of Oil Spill Prevention and Response are pursuing new avenues to assure that federal, state, and local efforts in California achieve the goals of the Oil Pollution Act of 1990 and the Lempert-Keene-Seastrand Oil Spill Prevention and Response Act of 1990. Coordination of the seven California area committees, publishing detailed area contingency plans, and the implemention of a memorandum of agreement on oil spill prevention and response highlight recent cooperative successes. In 1994 a joint Coast Guard/state/industry incident command system task force drafted an ICS field operations guide and incident action plan forms that meet National Interagency Incident Management System and fire scope ICS requirements.
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Dudziński, Łukasz, Dominik Wysocki, and Łukasz Czyżewski. "Health Hazards in Combat Division in the State Fire Service as Assessed by Officers of the Lubelskie Voivodeship." Safety & Fire Technology 56, no. 2 (2020): 110–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.12845/sft.56.2.2020.7.
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Aim: The aim of the study is to analyse health threats and occupational risk based on the assessment of the State Fire Service (SFS) officers depending on the nature of the service performed in the combat division (commander, rescuer, driver). Methodology: The questionnaire survey which was carried out included 181 officers serving in SFS units across the Lubelskie Voivodeship. An original questionnaire consisting of 16 questions was used as a research tool. The opening questions concerned the age and service experience of the respondents. The remaining questions with a 5-point Likert scale, a point-rating scale and single-choice questions (YES/NO) referred to how the officers assess health threats in their service and the risk level for individual professional duties. Results: 50.8% of the respondents served as SFS rescuers, 32.1% as commanders, and 17.1% as drivers. One incident of damage to the skeletal system in the year before the survey was reported by 30 (16.6%) firefighters (including 19 rescuers). 26 (14.4%) firefighters (12 commanders) declared from 2 to 4 injuries. None of the firefighters declared more than 15 skeletal injuries per year. It was shown that firefighting activities were associated with the highest risk of health hazards – they concerned 20 (11.1%) firefighters. Sports activities were characterised by a high risk of injury, which was confirmed by 14 (7.7%) firefighters in the survey. 31 (17.1%) firefighters (14 rescuers, 12 commanders and 5 drivers) experienced stress reactions 2-4 times a year, while 6 (3.3%) officers (3 rescuers, 3 drivers) declared them to happen more than 15 times a year. Conclusions: The analysis showed that health risks of firefighters occupying various positions in the combat division is at a similar level. Numerous health risks in the form of bodily injuries occur as a consequence of sports activities. At the same time participation in operational readiness inspections and training classes is considered as posing the least risk. The use of personal protective equipment and proper protection of the rescuers’ respiratory system have an impact on reducing the health risk during the service.
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Singhal, J., T. R. Kiranchand, G. Rajashekar, and C. S. Jha. "Automated Burned Area Delineation Using IRS AWiFS satellite data." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XL-8 (December 23, 2014): 1429–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprsarchives-xl-8-1429-2014.
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India is endowed with a rich forest cover. Over 21% of country’s area is covered by forest of varied composition and structure. Out of 67.5 million ha of Indian forests, about 55% of the forest cover is being subjected to fires each year, causing an economic loss of over 440 crores of rupees apart from other ecological effects. Studies carried out by Forest Survey of India reveals that on an average 53% forest cover of the country is prone to fires and 6.17% of the forests are prone to severe fire damage. Forest Survey of India in a countrywide study in 1995 estimated that about 1.45 million hectares of forest are affected by fire annually. According to Forest Protection Division of the Ministry of Environment and Forest (GOI), 3.73 million ha of forests are affected by fire annually in India. Karnataka is one of the southern states of India extending in between latitude 110 30' and 180 25' and longitudes 740 10' and 780 35'. As per Forest Survey of India's State of Forest Report (SFR) 2009, of the total geographic area of 191791sq.km, the state harbors 38284 sq.km of recorded forest area. Major forest types occurring in the study area are tropical evergreen and semi-evergreen, tropical moist and dry deciduous forests along with tropical scrub and dry grasslands. Typical forest fire season in the study area is from February–May with a peak during March-April every year, though sporadic fire episodes occur in other parts of the year sq.km, the state harbors 38284 sq.km of recorded forest area. Major forest types occurring in the study area are tropical evergreen and semi-evergreen, tropical moist and dry deciduous forests along with tropical scrub and dry grasslands. Significant area of the deciduous forests, scrub and grasslands is prone to recurrent forest fires every year. <br><br> In this study we evaluate the feasibility of burned area mapping over a large area (Karnataka state, India) using a semi-automated detection algorithm applied to medium resolution multi spectral data from the IRS AWiFS sensor. The method is intended to be used by non-specialist users for diagnostic rapid burnt area mapping.
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Ayalon, Yaron. "OTTOMAN URBAN PRIVACY IN LIGHT OF DISASTER RECOVERY." International Journal of Middle East Studies 43, no. 3 (July 26, 2011): 513–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002074381100064x.
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AbstractThis article examines the relationship between state and society in the Ottoman Empire during the 17th and 18th centuries by examining concepts and practices of privacy. Fatwas of Ottoman jurists reveal certain principles ordering the division of urban areas into public and private spaces. The article explores their application during the rebuilding of Damascus after its devastation by an earthquake in 1759. Archival sources disclose the priorities that guided the state in reconstructing a ruined provincial capital: religious values; a concern for the inhabitants’ well-being; and, rather prominently, an intent to maintain a dichotomy between public and private. In this the Ottomans were different from their contemporary European counterparts, who often took advantage of major disasters to reshape relations between rulers and subjects. This divergence is demonstrated in this article by comparing post-1759 Damascus with London after the Great Fire of 1666 and Lisbon after the 1755 earthquake.
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Beanblossum, Robert L. "Trainees and Instructors at the WV Division of Forestry's 1963 Forest Fire Training School Held at the Cabwaylingo State Forest, Wayne County, West Virginia." Journal of Forestry 112, no. 2 (March 1, 2014): 241. http://dx.doi.org/10.5849/jof.14-032.
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Bulgakov, V. V. "Business game as method of training of cadets of emercom." Vestnik of Minin University 8, no. 3 (September 9, 2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.26795/2307-1281-2020-8-3-1.
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Introduction. Training cadets in educational institutions Of the state fire service of the EMERCOM of Russia to eliminate fires is an urgent task, the quality of which can be implemented using game forms of training.Materials and Methods. The implementation of game forms of learning is proposed in the form of a business game, for the development of which the main provisions of the theory of game and contextual learning were applied. The business game scenario implements didactic principles of problem-based and reflexive teaching methods.Results. To develop the methodology and scenario of the business game, to implement the training of cadets in the field of fire fighting and rescue operations, goals were formed, requirements for educational and methodological support and material and technical equipment were developed. The main goals are professional-pedagogical and game goals for the implementation of which an actual fire scenario is formed, accompanied by a complex situation that requires the participation of the entire list of staff and non-staff positions for its localization and subsequent elimination. The scenario of the business game includes 3 stages of its implementation, aimed at obtaining students ' knowledge and skills to work in specific positions of the fire and rescue division in the conditions of fire development and the impact of its hazards. The main tasks of the business game include the formation of skills of interaction between officials in the process of fire elimination, the ability to organize the work of subordinates and fire and rescue units, as well as gaining experience in analyzing their actions and the actions of participants in the business game to assess the positive and negative aspects of working together and achieving the set professional and educational goals.Discussion and Conclusions. The effectiveness of practical training in the form of a business game is due to the active immersion of students in a professional environment, accompanied by the emergence of additional game motivation and a high level of assimilation of students ' knowledge, skills and abilities in the formation of individual and group experience of joint activities in the extreme environment of a real fire.
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Henry, Shana M., Nicole M. Kopari, and Mary Wolfe. "564 Managing California’s Creek Fire Mass Casualty’s Incident." Journal of Burn Care & Research 42, Supplement_1 (April 1, 2021): S132. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jbcr/irab032.214.
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Abstract Introduction California’s Creek Fire is not only the largest single wildfire in a state known for huge and destructive blazes, it spawned two rare fire tornados with winds over 100mph, a day after the fire started in early September. Huntington Lake and Mammoth Pool were the sites of these rare events leading to hundreds of trapped campers. An air rescue operation airlifted hundreds of trapped people to safety. Twenty days after the start of the fire, it had burned >300,000 acres with only 36% containment by fire crews. This review is an evaluation of our hospitals response team and the events surrounding that night. Methods Our on-call surgeon had called in the back-up surgeon to run a second trauma operating room. It was at this time, the news had reported trapped campers near Mammoth Pool. The burn surgeon was notified and reported to the emergency department (ED) as word of 65 possible victims spread. Local disaster response planning was initiated with an ED physician triaging patients at the regional airport. Initial calls were made to the division chief and burn medical director. The nursing director was notified along with any available nursing staff with 8 ICU nurses volunteering to report. Immediately, lateral transfer orders were placed for all burn patients housed in the burn center which has 10 ICU bed capabilities. Results The first helicopter landed with 5 of the burn victims presenting to our hospital. 4 of the victims were male and 1 female with ages ranging from 17 to 27. Total body surface area burn was estimated on each with 2 minor burns < 10% and 3 moderate sized burns of roughly 25%. These patients were quickly triaged in the ED and traumatic injuries evaluated. 3 of the patients were placed in ICU level care with the 2 remaining patients housed in the ED as word trickled in about another rescue effort with an additional 95 people. By morning, an additional 2 patients were transferred to our burn center from the surrounding hospitals and another 2 patients evaluated for burns sustained in separate events. All patients were taken to the operating room over the next 24–48 hours for excision and autologous spray on skin cells (ASCS) in combination with widely meshed skin grafts or ASCS alone. Conclusions Communication, teamwork, and personnel that are dedicated to the care of burn patients made this tragic incident manageable. The Creek Fire hit home for many of the burn staff not only because of the patients that were cared for, but because this area of California was a beloved respite for many. A debriefing with a chaplain, grief counselor, and psychotherapist, was held within 2 weeks of the incident to provide support to the staff during this devastating time.
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Klapsa, Wojciech, Daniel Małozięć, and Damian Bąk. "Waste in the Context of Combustibility – Classification Possibilities in Legal Terms." Safety & Fire Technology 57, no. 1 (2021): 42–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.12845/sft.57.1.2021.3.
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Purpose: The aim of the article is to review the possibility of classifying waste as non-combustible and combustible on the basis of the applicable Polish legal acts and to discuss the problems related to this area. Introduction: In the last decade, there has been a marked increase in the number of fires in landfills in Poland. Therefore, a legislative initiative has been undertaken to tighten and complete the provisions of the law on fire protection of facilities and places where waste is collected and stored. Methodology: The basic act regulating the issues of waste storage in Poland is the Act of 14 December 2012 on waste materials. The Act divides waste into two categories: non-combustible and combustible. In reference to the act, a Regulation of the Minister of the Interior and Administration of 19 February 2020 on fire protection requirements which need to be met by construction structures or their parts and other places for collecting, storing or processing waste, in which stringent fire safety requirements were defined for fire safety of facilities where combustible waste is stored. Results: During the review and analysis of the legal acts, it was discovered that after the division into combustible and non-combustible waste, the classification rules for these two categories were not strictly defined. As a consequence, there was a problem of interpretation and, thus, discretion in classifying waste. Therefore, there was a need to review the knowledge on the possibility of classifying waste. Conclusions: The review of regulations and the state of knowledge on the principles of considering materials and products as non-combustible or com- bustible presented in the article allows to systematize the knowledge and indicates selected paths of conduct. As waste is not homogeneous materials, the Act leaves the freedom to carry out opinions on whether or not waste is considered combustible. Such an assessment is not simple, hence the need to indicate what are the possible correct ways of proceeding in this action. Keywords: combustible waste, non-combustible waste, waste classification, fire protection, landfills Type of article: review article
Books on the topic "State Fire Marshal Division"
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Auditor, Nevada Legislature Legislative. Audit report, State of Nevada, Department of Public Safety, State Fire Marshal Division. Carson City, Nev: Legislative Counsel Bureau, 2007.
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Auditor, Nevada Legislature Legislative. Audit report, State of Nevada, Department of Motor Vehicles and Public Safety, State Fire Marshal Division. Carson City, Nev: Legislative Counsel Bureau, 2001.
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Marshal, Nebraska State Fire. State of Nebraska 2003 State Fire Marshal Act and related laws. Lincoln, Neb.]: Nebraska Fire Marshal, 2003.
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Marshal, Louisiana Office of State Fire. Official manual of the Office of State Fire Marshal. Baton Rouge,La.]: The Department, 1988.
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Marshal, Oregon State Fire. Programs & services. Salem, OR: Oregon State Fire Marshal, 2007.
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Marshal, Oregon State Fire. Programs & services. Salem, OR: Oregon State Fire Marshal, 2007.
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Maryland. Office of the State Fire Marshal. Fire deaths in Maryland: January - December, 2003-2005. Towson, MD: Office of the State Fire Marshal, 2006.
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Illinois. Text of laws relating to Illinois fire protection districts and state fire marshal: As amended and in force January 1, 1996. [Illinois?]: Illinois Association of Fire Protection Districts, 1996.
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Auditor, Montana Legislature Office of the Legislative. Fire management program, Department of State Lands: Performance audit report. Helena, Mont: The Office, 1992.
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Illinois. Text of laws relating to Illinois fire protection districts and State Fire Marshal: Illinois compiled statutes as amended through P.A. 90-573, approved February 6, 1998. [Illinois?]: Illinois Association of Fire Protection Districts, 1998.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "State Fire Marshal Division"
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Klinger, William, and Denis Kuljiš. "The Combat Cell." In Tito's Secret Empire, 23–30. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197572429.003.0003.
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This chapter discusses Marshal Tito's return from Russia in November 1919, during which he led a group of twenty-five prisoners of war (POW) to Yugoslavia via Stettin and Vienna. It recounts how the Romanian army, supported by the Serbian army, crushed the Hungarian communist uprising and overthrew the Hungarian Soviet Republic. It also highlights Tito's demonstrations against the “Obznana” (Proclamation), a decree promulgated in December 1920 to protect the state, which puts the Communist Party outside the law. The chapter explains how the Belgrade Socialists, who held their Second Congress in Vukovar in April 1920, formally dropped the “Socialist Workers” label and became the Communist Party of Yugoslavia. It investigates the formation of the Independent Workers' Party of Yugoslavia, a division in the Communist Party after the “Obznana.”
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Moll, Don, and Edward O. Moll. "Communities and Habitats." In The Ecology, Exploitation and Conservation of River Turtles. Oxford University Press, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195102291.003.0006.
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Rivers are dynamic and diverse ecosystems composed of a variety of habitats including the main channel, side channel, flood plain and backwater lakes as discussed briefly in chapter 2. Each habitat typically contains a characteristic assemblage of turtles (herein considered synonymous with a chelonian community). Although riverine chelonians may appear anywhere in the river, most species specialize in one or more habitats where they occur in maximum numbers and biomass. Thus, the various habitats of the river may have similar species composition but the rank abundance for each species will differ. Basic divisions of typical rivers are lotic (flowing water) habitats and the lentic (still water) habitats. Beyond this, habitat divisions involve such physical features as gradient (headwaters versus lower reaches), substrate (sand, gravel, and mud), size (feeder streams versus the river proper), shoreline heterogeneity (wooded, marsh, swamp, etc.) and even temperature. One can expect differences in species composition associated with any of these habitat features. The composition of river turtle communities is affected by the biotic as well as the physical environment of the stream. The presence or absence of lower and higher plants, competing species, or predators can all affect community composition. This chapter is chiefly concerned with assemblages of species rather than the individual species comprising these groups. It will examine the composition of river turtle communities, their ecology, and their evolution. The concept that organisms occur in assemblages of species interacting to produce distinctive community characteristics was neglected for many years in the herpetological literature. Prior to the mid-1960s, most ecological research on reptiles was autecological (Scott, 1982). Nevertheless, a scattering of early papers described chelonian assemblages associated with particular habitats. Evermann and Clark’s biological survey of Lake Maxinkuckee in 1920 included an overview of the turtle community. In 1942, Fred Cagle delineated the species composition and relative abundance of turtles inhabiting six lentic habitats in southern Illinois. In 1950 he published a similar report with A. H. Chaney on ten lentic and two lotic habitats in Louisiana. Tinkle (1959) compared the species composition and relative abundance of species above and below the “fall line” in five United States rivers emptying into the Gulf of Mexico.
Conference papers on the topic "State Fire Marshal Division"
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Li, Yanping, and David A. Weir. "Value of Additional Valves on Existing Low Vapor Pressure Liquid Pipeline." In 2012 9th International Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2012-90175.
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API 1160 (Managing System Integrity for Hazardous Liquid Pipelines, 2001) and the Pipeline Risk Management Manual (3rd edition, by W. Kent Muhlbauer) are among the very few publications that have sections addressing the value of adding valves on existing liquid pipelines. These sections cite two references: the California State Fire Marshal Hazardous Liquid Pipeline Risk Assessment 1993 and the Safety of Interstate Liquid Pipelines: An Evaluation of Present Levels and Proposals for Change 1987. This paper reviews and challenges valve placement considerations established in API 1160 and the Pipeline Risk Management Manual (3rd edition) including check valve inspection issues, valve leaks or malfunction, etc. The cost and benefit of additional valves on existing liquid pipeline systems are discussed. This paper calls for the need for further work or a collaborative study of the value of additional valves on existing liquid pipeline systems.
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Bajwa, Christopher S., and Earl P. Easton. "The Potential Impacts of Recent Transportation Accidents Involving Severe Fires on the Safe Shipment of Spent Nuclear Fuel." In ASME 2010 Pressure Vessels and Piping Division/K-PVP Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2010-25852.
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In 2007, two severe transportation accidents occurred in the state of California. The first occurred in Oakland on a section of Interstate 880 known as the “MacArthur Maze” and involved a tractor trailer carrying gasoline which impacted an overpass support column and burst into flames. The subsequent fire caused the collapse of a portion of the Interstate 580 overpass onto the remains of the tractor trailer in less than 20 minutes, due to a reduction of strength in the structural steel exposed to the fire. The second incident was a chain-reaction accident involving over thirty tractor trailers in the Interstate 5 “Newhall Pass” truck bypass tunnel in Santa Clarita. This accident also involved an intense fire, fueled mostly by produce and other food commodities, that damaged the concrete walls of the tunnel and required the tunnel to be closed for repairs. The US Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) is in the process of studying both of these accidents to examine any potential regulatory implications related to the safe transport of spent nuclear fuel in the United States. This paper will summarize work recently completed on these severe transportation accidents by the NRC.
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Vitek, Oldrich, Vit Dolecek, Dmitry Goryntsev, Ferry Tap, Zoran Pavlovic, and Peter Priesching. "Application of Tabulated Detailed Chemistry to LES Model of Diesel ICE Combustion." In ASME 2019 Internal Combustion Engine Division Fall Technical Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icef2019-7128.
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Abstract The use of 3-D CFD combustion models based on tabulated chemistry is becoming increasingly popular. Especially the runtime benefit is attractive, as the tabulated chemistry method allows including state-of-the-art chemical reaction schemes in CFD simulations without significant penalties in terms of computational time. In this work, the Tabkin FGM combustion model in AVL FIRE is used to perform LES simulations of a diesel ICE (AVL SCRE). Four load conditions are investigated with three different fuel surrogates. Predicted data are compared with reference ones (measurements or data from calibrated 0-D/1-D model) while discussing differences between them. CPU benefits are quantified. The main conclusion is that such CFD model has high predictive ability while requiring low calibration effort and being relatively fast, hence it is an interesting alternative to RANS-based industrial applications.
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Bergin, Mike, Ettore Musu, Sage Kokjohn, and Rolf D. Reitz. "Examination of Initialization and Geometric Details on the Results of CFD Simulations of Diesel Engines." In ASME 2009 Internal Combustion Engine Division Spring Technical Conference. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ices2009-76053.
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Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) simulations using the AVL Fire and Kiva 3v codes were performed to examine commonly accepted techniques and assumptions used when simulating direct injection diesel engines. Simulations of a steady state impulse swirl meter validated the commonly used practice of evaluating the swirl ratio of diesel engines by integrating the valve flow and torque history over discrete valve lift values [1]. The results indicate the simulations capture the complex interactions occurring in the ports, cylinder and honeycomb cell impulse swirl meter. The commonly adopted axisymmetric assumption for an engine with a centrally located injector was tested by comparing the swirl and emissions history for a motored case and a double injection low temperature combustion case. Consideration of the detailed engine geometry including valve recesses in the piston and the head lowered the peak swirl ratio at TDC by approximately 10% compared to the simplified no-recess case. The corresponding combusting cases also had different heat release and emissions predictions but could be partially compensated for by lowering the initial swirl ratio for the axisymmetric case.
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Tap, Ferry, Casper Meijer, Dmitry Goryntsev, Anton Starikov, Mijo Tvrdojevic, and Peter Priesching. "Predictive CFD Modeling of Diesel Engine Combustion Using an Efficient Workflow Based on Tabulated Chemistry." In ASME 2018 Internal Combustion Engine Division Fall Technical Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icef2018-9758.
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The use of 3D CFD combustion models based on tabulated chemistry is becoming increasingly popular. Especially the runtime benefit is attractive, as the tabulated chemistry method allows to include state-of-the-art chemical reaction schemes in CFD simulations. In this work, the Tabkin FGM combustion model in AVL FIRE™ is used to assess the predictivity on a large database of a light-duty Diesel engine measurements. The AVL TABKIN™ software is used to create the chemistry look-up tables for the Tabkin FGM model. The TABKIN software has been extended with the kinetic soot model, where the soot mass fraction calculation is done during the chemistry tabulation process, as well as an NO model using a second progress variable. From recent validation studies, a best-practice and nearly automated workflow has been derived to create the look-up tables for Diesel engine applications based on minimal input. This automated modeling workflow is assessed in the present study. A wide range of parameter variations are investigated for 5 engine load points, with and without EGR, in total 186 cases. This large number of CFD simulations is run in an automated way and the parameters of the CFD sub-models are kept equal as well as all numerical settings. Results are presented for combustion and emissions (NO and soot). Combustion parameters and NO emissions correlate very well to the experimental database with R2 values above 0.95. Soot predictions give order-of-magnitude agreement for most of the cases; the trend however is not always respected, which limits the overall correlation for all cases together, as reported by other authors. Further fundamental research on modeling soot formation and oxidation process remains required to improve the models. In terms of CPU time, the present study was executed on an off-the-shelf HPC cluster, using 8 CPU cores per case and requiring around 3 hrs of wall-time per case, e.g. such a large set of calculations can be simulated overnight on a standard HPC cluster.
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Jacobsen, Karina, Michael Carolan, and Patricia Llana. "Test Requirements of Locomotive Fuel Tank Blunt Impact Tests." In ASME 2013 Rail Transportation Division Fall Technical Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/rtdf2013-4701.
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The Federal Railroad Administration’s Office of Research and Development is conducting research into passenger locomotive fuel tank crashworthiness. A series of impact tests are planned to measure fuel tank deformation under two types of dynamic loading conditions. This paper describes the test requirements for the preliminary tests in this series — a blunt impact of conventional locomotive fuel tanks. Current design practice requires that Tier 1 locomotive fuel tanks have minimum properties adequate to sustain a prescribed set of static load conditions [1]. In accidents, fuel tanks are subjected to dynamic loading, often including a blunt or raking impact from various components of the rolling stock or trackbed. Current research is intended to increase understanding of the impact response of fuel tanks under dynamic loading. Utilizing an approach that has been effective in increasing the structural crashworthiness of passenger railcars, improved strategies can be developed that will address the types of loading conditions which have been observed to occur in a collision or derailment event. The improvement strategies developed by this research program can then be applied to alternative fuel tank designs, such as diesel multiple unit (DMU) tanks. This paper describes test requirements for conducting two preliminary tests. These tests are referred to as preliminary because they will be used to evaluate the loading setup and instrumentation planned for the larger series of tests. These preliminary tests will evaluate a blunt impact on the bottom surface of two conventional passenger locomotive fuel tanks. The test articles chosen for the preliminary tests are fuel tanks removed from two retired EMD F-40 locomotives. While these fuel tanks do not reflect the current state of locomotive fuel tank manufacturing or design, they are suitable for means of these tests. Each fuel tank will be mounted to a crash wall and impacted on its bottom face by an impact cart with a rigid impactor at a prescribed velocity. The first set of tests is designed to measure the deformation behavior of the fuel tanks. These tests are planned to result in puncture of the bottom surface of each fuel tank. The preliminary tests are targeted for October 2013 at the Transportation Technology Center (TTC) in Pueblo, Colorado. Following this first series of impact tests, a second set of dynamic impact tests is planned to be conducted. This second set will include both blunt and raking impact conditions on conventional fuel tanks, DMU fuel tanks and fuel tanks incorporating improved strategies for impact protection. Lessons learned during the preliminary two tests will be applied during the second set of tests to improve the performance of those tests. Fuel tank research is being performed to determine strategies for increasing the fuel tank impact resistance to mitigate the threat of a post-collision or post-derailment fire.