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Samolyk, Mateusz, and Jakub Sobczak. "Development of an algorithm for estimating Lead-Acid Battery State of Charge and State of Health." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Sektionen för ingenjörsvetenskap, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-2937.
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In this paper, a state of charge (SOC) and a state of health (SOH) estimation method for lead-acid batteries are presented. In the algorithm the measurements of battery’s terminal voltage, current and temperature are used in the process of SOC calculation. The thesis was written in cooperation with Micropower AB. The algorithm was designed to fulfill the specific requirements of the electric vehicles application: an error below 5% of SOC, computational simplicity and the possibility of being implemented in a basic programming languages. The current used method at Micropower, Coulomb counting, is compared with a method presented by Chiasson and Vairamohan 2005 based on modified Thevein circuit during charging and discharging of the battery. The Thevenin based method gave better result compared to Coulomb counting but seems not to fulfill Micropowers requirements. A correction method based on periods of no charging or discharging, possible to be used together with Coulomb counting as well as with the Thevenin method was developed. The evaluation method indicates that when using also the correction method the Micropowers requirements are fulfilled.I detta papper, är ett laddningstillstånd (SOC) och hälsotillstånd (SOH) skattningsmetod för blybatterier presenteras. I algoritmen mätningarna av batteriets polspänning, ström och temperatur används i processen för SOC beräkning. Avhandlingen är skriven i samarbete med Micropower AB. Algoritmen har utformats för att uppfylla de särskilda kraven för elektriska fordon: ett fel under 5% av SOC, computational enkelhet och möjligheten att genomföras i ett grundläggande programmeringsspråk. Den nuvarande metoden vid Micropower, Coulomb räkning, jämförs med en metod som presenteras av Chiasson och Vairamohan 2005 baserad på modifierad Thevein kretsen under laddning och urladdning av batteriet.
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Fairweather, Andrew James. "State-of-Health (SoH) and State-of-Charge (SoC) determination in electrochemical batteries and cells using designed perturbation signals." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2015. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/9156/.
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Pola, Contreras Daniel. "An improved prognosis strategy with temperature dependent state-space model for the analysis of the state-of-health and state-for-charge in lithium-ion batteries." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2014. http://www.repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/130476.
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Magíster en Ciencias de la Ingeniería, Mención EléctricaIngeniero Civil Eléctrico
Actualmente existe una gran cantidad de equipos y dispositivos que utilizan baterías como su fuente primaria o secundaria de energía. Para estos sistemas es crítico contar con información del desempeño de sus baterías, dado que este conocimiento puede ayudar a tomar decisiones apropiadas y asegurar autonomía en el tiempo. Dos importantes variables que deben ser monitoreadas son el "Estado-de-Salud" (SOH, del inglés State-of-Health) y el "Estado-de-Carga" (SOC, del inglés State-of-Charge). Este trabajo se enfoca en generar esquemas de pronóstico para ambas variables, donde se tome en cuenta la temperatura de operación. Con este propósito, se diseñaron y realizaron un conjunto de pruebas de laboratorio con celdas de Ion-Litio donde se caracterizó el impacto de la temperatura en factores tales como la energía entregada en un ciclo, la impedancia interna, o tendencia de degradación. A partir de estos datos, y esquemas existentes en la literatura, se proponen modelos empíricos para la degradación y para la descarga de una batería mediante una representación de espacio-estados, definiendo directamente un estado como el SOH y el SOC respectivamente. Las estimaciones y predicciones a largo plazo se efectúan bajo un enfoque Bayesiano, basado en el filtro de partículas. Además, se propone la implementación de lazos de control externos para corregir condiciones iniciales erróneas de los estados, y un módulo de detección de outliers para trabajar con datos perdidos o inválidos. La validación de estos esquemas se realiza con datos generados en laboratorio, además de datos de degradación publicados por NASA Ames Prognostic Center of Excellence. El esquema propuesto para el SOH es capaz de incorporar explícitamente el efecto de la temperatura de operación (bajo el concepto de "Capacidad Usable"), y estimar y pronosticar el SOH a una temperatura de referencia. Por otro lado, el esquema para el SOC fue validado incluyendo una mejor representación de la fenomenología del proceso de descarga comparada a la existente, y se deja una propuesta de cómo incluir el efecto de la temperatura en el modelo. La implementación de estos esquemas de pronóstico permite la incorporación de la temperatura de operación, que a pesar de su gran influencia en el comportamiento de las baterías es considerada constante en muchos casos presentes en la literatura; además de incluir algunas mejoras prácticas en los algoritmos de estimación. Las propuestas de este trabajo dejan las bases para avanzar en la incorporación de otros fenómenos importantes como la profundidad de descarga, o la magnitud de la corriente de descarga.
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Quintero, Cedeño Vanessa Lisbeth. "Design of a medium-access-control protocol for wireless sensor networks considering the battery state of charge and state of health." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2019. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/170130.
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Tesis para optar al grado de Doctora en Ingeniería EléctricaLa disponibilidad de energía es una de las limitaciones que presentan las Redes de Sensores Inalámbricas (WSN, Wireless Sensor Network). Tradicionalmente, las baterías han sido utilizadas para proveer energía a los nodos de sensores y al tener una vida útil limitada afectan el tiempo de vida de la red. Soluciones como el uso de baterías de gran tamaño o el reemplazo de ellas no son viables, debido al gran número de sensores que componen la red y a que pueden ser desplegados en zonas de difícil acceso. Esta situación ha motivado que las soluciones para la conservación de la energía en las WSNs se enfoquen en el desarrollo de técnicas que actúen a nivel de las capas física y de enlace de datos, como es el caso de los protocolos de Control de Acceso al Medio (MAC, Medium Access Control). Los protocolos MAC son una de las soluciones ampliamente estudiadas y utilizadas porque permiten un equilibrio entre la conservación de energía y otros parámetros críticos de la red, como el rendimiento, latencia, reducción de colisiones y mensajes de control. También tienen la facilidad de adaptarse a las nuevas aristas de trabajo que surgen al incorporar nuevas tecnologías como lo son los Dispositivos de Recolección de Energía (EHD, Energy Harvesting Device). Otro aspecto que está siendo considerado y estudiado en el diseño de los protocolos MAC es la información que se puede extraer de la batería, ya que al estimar la capacidad disponible de la misma, el mecanismo del Duty Cycling (DuC) puede ser ajustado con el propósito de aumentar la eficiencia energética y por lo tanto, extender la vida útil de la red. Es necesario desarrollar técnicas que incorporen un mecanismo de conservación de energía que integre información de la batería a través de indicadores como el Estado de Carga (SOC, State of Charge) y Estado de Salud (SOH, State of Health) para mejorar la eficiencia energética en WSN. La idea de incorporar información de la batería se debe a que la capa MAC está a cargo de controlar los modos de operación del nodo sensor, lo que está directamente relacionado con la cantidad de corriente exigida a la batería. Conocidos los perfiles de uso de la batería es posible estimar los indicadores SOC y SOH que se han utilizado ampliamente en diversas aplicaciones para conocer la cantidad de energía disponible en la batería y la degradación que ha sufrido la misma. En este trabajo se propuso el desarrollo de un protocolo que actúa en la subcapa MAC y que considera la información de la batería para tomar decisiones con respecto al tiempo activo y de reposo del nodo de sensor, con la finalidad de promover el uso eficiente de la energía y extender la vida útil de la red. Los resultados obtenidos validan esta nueva propuesta de algoritmo y establecer pautas para guiar el diseño de protocolos MAC que se centren en minimizar el consumo de energía teniendo en cuenta los dispositivos de recolección de energía y la información de la batería.
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Lièvre, Aurélien. "Développement d'un système de gestion de batterie lithium-ion à destination de véhicules "mild hybrid" : détermination des indicateurs d'état (SoC, SoH et SoF)." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LYO10065/document.
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Les véhicules hybrides se démocratisent avec une utilisation croissante des éléments de stockage à base de lithium-ion. Dans ce contexte d'exploitation, le type d'usage est atypique et dépend fortement des stratégies de répartition des énergies au sein du véhicule. Parmi les hybridations, la catégorie "mild hybrid" conserve la motorisation thermique pour l'autonomie qu'elle apporte, et lui adjoint une machine électrique associée à un élément de stockage réversible, afin de permettre une récupération de l'énergie cinétique du véhicule. L'objet de ces travaux porte sur la mise en place d'algorithmes destinés à la détermination des états de charge (SoC), de santé (SoH) et de fonction (SoF) de chacune des cellules qui compose un pack batterie lithium-ion. Ces fonctionnalités sont implantées dans un système de gestion dénommé BMS pour Battery Management System. Dans un souci de réduction des coûts de production, nos travaux s'attachent à limiter la puissance de calcul et les moyens de mesure nécessaires à la détermination de ces états. À partir de mesures effectuées lors d'une utilisation de la batterie dans une application "mild hybrid", les méthodes développées permettent la détermination des états, ainsi que d'une partie des paramètres internes aux cellules. Cette utilisation est caractérisée par de forts courants et un maintien de l'état de charge autour de 50 %, ceci afin de maximiser la disponibilité de la batterie et d'en minimiser le vieillissement. L'utilisation d'observateurs et de méthodes en boucle ouverte, à partir d'une modélisation simplifiée de cellule, nous permet d'obtenir des résultats satisfaisants avec une puissance de calcul réduiteHybrid vehicles are developing with increasing use of energy storage elements based on lithium-ion battery. In this context, the use of battery is atypical and highly dependent on energy allocation strategies within the vehicle. Among these vehicles, the mild hybrid category retains heat engine for the autonomy that offer and adds to it an electric machine associated with a reversible storage system, to allow the kinetic energy recovery of the vehicle. The object of this work involves the development of algorithms for determining the states of charge (SoC) and health (SoH) and function (SoF) of each cell that compose a lithium-ion battery pack. These features are implemented in a Battery Management System (BMS) for industrial production. In order to reduce production costs, our work attempts to limit the computing power and the measuring sensors necessary for these states determination. From battery measurements in a "mild hybrid" use, developed methods allow the states determination, as well as some of the internal parameters of cells. This application is characterized by high currents and maintaining a SoC of around 50%, in order to maximize the availability of the battery and to minimize aging. The use of observers and estimators, using a simplified model cell, allows us to achieve satisfactory results with a reduced computing power
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Dyantyi, Noluntu. "Factors influencing fuel cell life and a method of assessment for state of health." University of the Western Cape, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/6753.
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Philosophiae Doctor - PhDProton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC) converts chemical energy from the electrochemical reaction of oxygen and hydrogen into electrical while emitting heat, oxygen depleted air (ODA) and water as by-products. The by-products have useful functions in aircrafts, such as heat that can be used for ice prevention, deoxygenated air for fire retardation and drinkable water for use on board. Consequently, the PEMFC is also studied to optimize recovery of the useful products. Despite the progress made, durability and reliability remain key challenges to the fuel cell technology. One of the reasons for this is the limited understanding of PEMFC behaviour in the aeronautic environment. The aim of this thesis was to define a comprehensive non-intrusive diagnostic technique that provides real time diagnostics on the PEMFC State of Health (SoH). The framework of the study involved determining factors that have direct influence on fuel cell life in aeronautic environment through a literature survey, examining the effects of the factors by subjecting the PEMFC to simulated conditions, establishing measurable parameters reflective of the factors and defining the diagnostic tool based on literature review and this thesis finding.
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Urbain, Matthieu. "Modélisation électrique et énergétique des accumulateurs Li-Ion. Estimation en ligne de la SOC et de la SOH." Thesis, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009INPL028N/document.
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Ce mémoire traite de la modélisation électrique des accumulateurs lithium-ion, de l’estimation de leur état de charge (SOC) et de leur état de santé (SOH). Le premier chapitre revient sur les généralités concernant la technologie lithium-ion : caractéristiques, performances, constitution de l’élément de stockage, choix et nature des électrodes, conséquences qui en découlent d’un point de vue énergétique. Le principe de fonctionnement et les équations générales des phénomènes électrochimiques sont aussi développés. Des exemples d’application dans différents secteurs industriels sont ensuite proposés pour plusieurs gammes de puissance et d’énergie. Le second volet aborde la modélisation électrique des accumulateurs lithium-ion. Pour une meilleure compréhension des phénomènes complexes mis en jeu au sein des batteries, des éléments de modélisation physique sont exposés. Puis nous envisageons une synthèse des différents modèles de nature électrique rencontrés dans la littérature. Sur la base de campagnes de mesures menées sur un élément lithium-ion de 6,8 Ah, nous proposons, dans un troisième chapitre, notre propre modèle électrique équivalent valable pour les phases de décharge et de relaxation. En particulier nous déclinons plusieurs solutions pour distribuer l’énergie et rendre compte des différents effets de ligne. Les outils de caractérisation et les procédures d’extractions des paramètres sont traités en détail. Dans un dernier chapitre nous étudions les possibilités d’estimer en ligne l’état de charge (SOC) et l’état de santé (SOH) d’un élément lithium-ion en cours d’exploitation. Après un bref rappel des méthodes académiques et industrielles actuelles, nous nous orientons vers l’emploi d’un filtre de Kalman. Afin d’estimer ses performances par rapport au coulombmètre, nous proposons un modèle et un algorithme que nous évaluons par simulation et testons sur élément réelThis dissertation of thesis deals with the electrical modelling of lithium-ion accumulators and the determination of both state-of-charge (SOC) and state-of-health (SOH). The first chapter is focused on generalities about lithium-ion technology: characteristics, qualities, constitution of the storage device, choice and nature of the electrodes and their consequences on energetical features. The principle and the general equations of the electrochemical phenomena are developed as well. Application examples from different industrial areas are displayed for several power and energy ranges. The second section is about the electrical modelling of lithium-ion accumulators. With a view to better understand the complex electrochemical phenomena, elements of physical modelling are proposed. Then, the synthesis of different electrical models released in the press is considered. On the basis of experimental campaigns lead on a 6.8 Ah lithium-element, we proposed, in a third chapter, our own equivalent electrical model suitable for both discharge phases and relaxation period. In particular, we depict several alternatives to distribute the energy and describe the different line effects. Both characterization tools and parameters extraction procedure are clearly detailed. In the last section, we tackle both SOC and SOH on-line determination. After a short review of academicals and industrial solutions, we rapidly head towards the use of a Kalman filter. In order to compare its features versus the coulombmeter, we propose a model and an algorithm, numerical simulations and experimental tests are performed
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Ovejas, Benedicto Victòria Júlia. "Determination of the state of health of Li-ion batteries : the irreversible entropy production approach." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/461681.
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In recent years, portable applications have experienced an exponential growth and consequently, the demand of batteries has increased accordingly. It is widely known, though, that the performance of batteries decreases with time and use. This loss of performance is easured by the State-of-Health (SoH) of the cells. However, there is no consensus in defining this parameter. Experimental, theoretical or even heuristic approaches can be found in literature and commercial systems, but usually, they only work for particular conditions and they are not linked to the degradation suffered by the cells themselves.
The aim of this study is to find a parameter directly related to this degradation. For this purpose, we investigate the irreversible entropy production in Li-ion cells because irreversible entropy is related to energy dissipation and thus, to irrversibilities due to system or energy degradation.
In order to evaluate the degradation of the cells and its correspondence to irreversible entropy generation, we studied different Li-ion chemistries (NMC, LFP and LCO). Batteries were cycled at different discharge rates (close to and far from equilibrium) and evaluated at different SoHs. Therefore, capacity fade and impedance rise (the most commonly used techniques in SoH determination) were characterized and related to irreversible entropy generation. In addition, post-mortem analysis was carried out to achieve a deeper knowledge of the causes and effects of degradation.
As a result of this study, we introduced a new parameter for system degradation characterization, the Relative-Entropy-Production (REP), defined as the irreversible entropy generation ratio at actual state and the initial state. In particular, we found irreversible entropy production evaluated at low discharge rates was higher as more degraded were the NMC cells. In the case of LFP cells, irreversible entropy production decreased during initial cycles but then increased towards the EoL. This behavior coincided with a capacity increase during initial cycles. In addition, we found a relationship between irreversible entropy generation and the phase transformations taking place during the discharge processes in all the evaluated cells because the materials undergoing phase transformations expand and contract yielding to cracks and other structural.
Irreversible entropy production is found to be a promising magnitude to characterize battery aging. Even though much research has still to be carried out, the idea is to define, in the future, a threshold in irreversible entropy production that the cells can stand before considering their EoL is reached.En els darrers anys, la demanda de bateries ha augmentat considerablement gràcies a la creixent proliferació de dispositius portàtils. Tot i això, és ben sabut que el funcionament de les bateries empitjora amb el temps i l'ús. Aquesta pèrdua de rendiment es mesura amb un paràmetre anomenat State-oh-Health (SoH) encara que, avui dia, no s'ha arribat a un consens per a definir-lo. A la literatura o als mateixos sistemes comercials s'hi poden trobar aproximacions experimentals, teòriques o heurístiques, que generalment funcionen en situacions particulars i que, moltes sovint, no estan directament relacionades amb la degradació que pateixen les cel·les. L'objectiu d'aquest estudi és trobar un paràmetre que estigui directament relacionat amb la degradació patida per les cel·les. Per aquest motiu, ens hem centrat en la producció d'entropia irreversible perquè aquesta està relacionada amb la dissipació d'energia i, per tant, amb les irreversibilitats degudes a la degradació del sistema o de l'energia. Es va treballar amb vàries químiques de bateries d'ions de liti (NMC, LFP i LCO) per tal d’avaluar la degradació patida per aquestes i la correspondència amb la generació d'entropia irreversible. Aquestes cel·les van ser avaluades a taxes baixes i elevades a diferents nivells de SoH. En particular, la disminució de capacitat i l’augment d’impedància, que són les tècniques més utilitzades per a determinar el SoH, van ser determinades i posteriorment relacionades amb la generació d’entropia irreversible. A més a més, l’anàlisi post-mortem de les cel·les ens va permetre obtenir un coneixement major de les causes i els efectes de la degradació. Com a resultat d’aquest estudi, hem introduït un nou paràmetre per a la caracterització de la degradació d’un sistema. Aquest paràmetre l’hem anomenat Relative-Entropy-Production (REP) i l’hem definit com la relació entre la generació d’entropia irreversible en el moment actual i l’estat inicial. En particular, hem trobat que la producció d’entropia irreversible a taxes baixes de descàrrega és més gran com més degradades estan les cel·les de NMC. En canvi, en el cas de les cel·les de LFP, hem trobat que la generació d’entropia irreversible disminueix durant els primers cicles per després augmentar fins al final de la seva vida útil. S’ha vist que aquesta disminució coincideix amb un increment de la capacitat. A més a més, a totes les cel·les amb les que hem treballat, hem trobat una relació entre la producció d’entropia irreversible i les transformacions de fase que tenen lloc als elèctrodes durant la descàrrega. Aquesta relació ha sigut associada al fet de que els materials que pateixen una canvi de fase s’expandeixen i es contrauen el que fa que es produeixin fractures o esquerdes o altres modificacions estructurals. Totes elles produeixen degradació i, per tant, generen entropia irreversible. S’ha trobat que REP i la generació d’entropia irreversible són magnituds prometedores per a caracteritzar l’envelliment de bateries. Encara que queda molta feina per fer, la idea és, en un futur, poder definir un llindar de REP o de generació d’entropia irreversible que les cel·les siguin capaces de suportar abans no es consideri que han assolit el final de les seves vides útils.
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Nazer, Rouba Al. "Système de mesure d'impédance électrique embarqué, application aux batteries Li-ion." Thesis, Grenoble, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014GRENT007/document.
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La mesure d'impédance électrique en embarqué sur véhicule est un sujet clé pour améliorer les fonctions de diagnostic d'un pack batterie. On cherche en particulier à fournir ainsi des mesures supplémentaires à celles du courant pack et des tensions cellules, afin d'enrichir les indicateurs de vieillissement dans un premier temps, et d'état de santé et de charge dans un second temps. Une méthode classique de laboratoire pour obtenir des mesures d'impédance d'une batterie est la spectroscopie d'impédance électrochimique (ou EIS). Elle consiste à envoyer un signal sinusoïdal en courant (ou tension) de fréquence variable balayant une gamme de fréquences d'intérêt et mesurer ensuite la réponse en tension (ou courant) pour chaque fréquence. Une technique d'identification active basée sur l'utilisation des signaux large bande à motifs carrés est proposée. En particulier, des simulations ont permis de comparer les performances d'identification de différents signaux d'excitation fréquemment utilisés dans le domaine de l'identification et de vérifier les conditions correspondant à un comportement linéaire et invariant dans le temps de l'élément électrochimique. L'évaluation de la qualité d'estimation est effectuée en utilisant une grandeur spécifique : la cohérence. Cette grandeur statistique permet de déterminer un intervalle de confiance sur le module et la phase de l'impédance estimée. Elle permet de sélectionner la gamme de fréquence où la batterie respecte les hypothèses imposées par la méthode d'identification large bande. Afin de valider les résultats, une électronique de test a été conçue. Les résultats expérimentaux permettent de mettre en valeur l'intérêt de cette approche par motifs carrés. Un circuit de référence est utilisé afin d'évaluer les performances en métrologie des méthodes. L'étude expérimentale est ensuite poursuivie sur une batterie Li-ion soumise à un courant de polarisation et à différents états de charge. Des essais comparatifs avec l'EIS sont réalisés. Le cahier de charge établi à l'aide d'un simulateur de batterie Li-ion a permis d'évaluer les performances de la technique large bande proposée et de structurer son utilité pour l'estimation des états de vieillissement et de chargeEmbedded electrical impedance measurement is a key issue to enhance battery monitoring and diagnostic in a vehicle. It provides additional measures to those of the pack's current and cell's voltage to enrich the aging's indicators in a first time, and the battery states in a second time. A classical method for battery impedance measurements is the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). At each frequency, a sinusoidal signal current (or voltage) of a variable frequency sweeping a range of frequencies of interest is at the input of the battery and the output is the measured voltage response (or current). An active identification technique based on the use of wideband signals composed of square patterns is proposed. Particularly, simulations were used to compare the performance of different excitation signals commonly used for system identification in several domains and to verify the linear and time invariant behavior for the electrochemical element. The evaluation of the estimation performance is performed using a specific quantity: the spectral coherence. This statistical value is used to give a confidence interval for the module and the phase of the estimated impedance. It allows the selection of the frequency range where the battery respects the assumptions imposed by the non-parametric identification method. To experimentally validate the previous results, an electronic test bench was designed. Experimental results are used to evaluate the wideband frequency impedance identification. A reference circuit is first used to evaluate the performance of the used methodology. Experimentations are then done on a Li–ion battery. Comparative tests with EIS are realized. The specifications are established using a simulator of Li-ion battery. They are used to evaluate the performance of the proposed wide band identification method and fix its usefulness for the battery states estimation: the state of charge and the state of health
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Abdennadher, Mohamed Karim. "Étude et élaboration d’un système de surveillance et de maintenance prédictive pour les condensateurs et les batteries utilisés dans les Alimentations Sans Interruptions (ASI)." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LYO10101/document.
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Pour assurer une énergie électrique de qualité et de façon permanente, il existe des systèmes électroniques d’alimentation spécifiques. Il s’agit des Alimentations Sans Interruptions (ASI). Une ASI comme tout autre système peut tomber en panne ce qui peut entrainer une perte de redondance. Cette perte induit une maintenance corrective donc une forme d’indisponibilité ce qui représente un coût. Nous proposons dans cette thèse de travailler sur deux composants parmi les plus sensibles dans les ASI à savoir les condensateurs électrolytiques et les batteries au plomb. Dans une première phase, nous présentons, les systèmes de surveillance existants pour ces deux composants en soulignant leurs principaux inconvénients. Ceci nous permet de proposer le cahier des charges à mettre en œuvre. Pour les condensateurs électrolytiques, nous détaillons les différentes étapes de caractérisation et de vieillissement ainsi que la procédure expérimentale de vieillissement standard accéléré et les résultats associés. D’autre part, nous présentons les résultats de simulation du système de surveillance et de prédiction de pannes retenu. Nous abordons la validation expérimentale en décrivant le système développé. Nous détaillons les cartes électroniques conçues, les algorithmes mis en œuvre et leurs contraintes d’implémentation respectifs pour une réalisation temps réel. Enfin, pour les batteries au plomb étanches, nous présentons les résultats de simulation du système de surveillance retenu permettant d’obtenir le SOC et le SOH. Nous détaillons la procédure expérimentale de vieillissement en cycles de charge et décharge de la batterie nécessaire pour avoir un modèle électrique simple et précis. Nous expliquons les résultats expérimentaux de vieillissement pour finir avec des propositions d’amélioration de notre système afin d’obtenir un SOH plus précisTo ensure power quality and permanently, some electronic system supplies exist. These supplies are the Uninterrupted Power Supplies (UPS). An UPS like any other system may have some failures. This can be a cause of redundancy loss. This load loss causes a maintenance downtime which may represent a high cost. We propose in this thesis to work on two of the most sensitive components in the UPS namely electrolytic capacitors and lead acid batteries. In a first phase, we present the existing surveillance systems for these two components, highlighting their main drawbacks. This allows us to propose the specifications which have to be implemented for this system. For electrolytic capacitors, we detail different stages of characterization ; the aging accelerated standard experimental procedure and their associated results. On the other hand, we present the simulation results of monitoring and failure prediction system retained. We discuss the experimental validation, describing the developed system. We detail the electronic boards designed, implemented algorithms and their respective constraints for a real time implementation. Finally, for lead acid batteries, we present the simulation results of the monitoring system adopted to obtain the SOC and SOH. We describe the aging experimental procedure of charging and discharging cycles of the batteries needed to find a simple and accurate electric models. We explain the aging experimental results and in the end we give suggestions for improving our system to get a more accurate SOH
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Schlasza, Christian. "Analysis of aging mechanisms in Li-ion cells used for traction batteries of electric vehicles and development of appropriate diagnostic concepts for the quick evaluation of the battery condition." Thesis, Belfort-Montbéliard, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BELF0155.
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Dans cette thèse, les mécanismes de vieillissement des cellules Li-ion sont analysés sur un niveau théorique,assisté par une AMDEC (Analyse des modes de défaillance, de leurs effets et de leur criticité). L'accent est mis surla famille des cellules lithium fer phosphate (LFP) utilisées comme batteries de traction dans les applicationsvéhicules électriques.L'objectif de la partie xpérimentale de cette thèse est le développement d'un concept d'un outil de diagnostic pourla détermination rapide d'état de la batterie. Une expérience de vieillissement accélérée est réalisée avec un groupede cellules LFP de haute capacité (70Ah). Les cellules sont analysées en utilisant des méthodes de mesured'impédance dans les domaines temporel et fréquentiel. La pectroscopie d'Impédance Électrochimique (SIE, ouEIS en anglais) s'est trouvée être un bon outil pour révéler des informations intéressantes sur l'état de santé (Stateof-Health, SOH) de la batterie.Des modèles de batterie sont utilisés pour l'interprétation des résultats de mesure. En comparant différents modèlesdu circuit équivalent (ECMs), un modèle est choisi. Ce modèle est utilisé pour la détermination du SOC et étendupour la détermination du SOH. Un concept pour la détermination du SOH est développé, permettant uneapproximation de la capacité de la batterie dans une période de temps de moins de 30s, si les onditions de labatterie et d'environnement, comme la température et l'état de charge de la batterie, sont connusIn this thesis, the aging mechanisms withing Li-ion cells are analyzed on a theoretical level, supported by an FMEA(Failure ode and Effects Analysis). The focus lies on the group of lithium iron phosphate (LFP) cells used fortraction batteries in electric vehicles. Scope of the experimental part of the thesis is the development of a diagnosticconcept for the quick battery state determination. A group of high capacity LFP cells (70Ah) designed for tractionpurposes in electric vehicles is aged artificially and investigated afterwards by impedance measurements in the timeand frequency domain. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) is found to reveal interesting information onthe battery's State-of-Health (SOH).For the interpretation of the measurement results, battery models are employed. Different equivalent circuit models(ECMs) are compared and an appropriate model is chosen, which is used for the SOC (State-of-Charge)determination and extended for the SOH (State-of-Health) determination. An SOH determination concept isdeveloped, which allows the approximation of the cell capacity in less than 30s, if the battery and environmentalconditions, such as the temperature and the cell's SOC, are known
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Strinnholm, Kim. "Method development for testing propulsion batteries at a workshop : Parameter identification through experiments and investigation of challenges with workshop implementation." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för teknikvetenskap (SCI), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-290034.
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The electrification within the automotive industry goes faster than ever, which drives an increased demand for more knowledge about batteries. Vehicle manufacturers should be able to tell how long the batteries will last and have a service program for electrified vehicles, just as there is for traditional, fuel-driven ones. Scania is in the process of developing new service methods for their hybrids and fully electrified vehicles where this thesis has been a part of this development by investigating the possibilities of having a workshop test to measure the capacity of the propulsion batteries. During the thesis, essential parameters for cycling the batteries and measure the capacity with high accuracy have been identified and investigated by conducting lab tests. In parallel to defining the properties of a successful capacity measurement, the implementation of such a measurement at a workshop has been studied alongside a brief discussion about scheduling strategies. Conducting a capacity measurement in a workshop environment introduce new challenges, and the critical question arises, how long can the capacity measurement take? It is identified that the state of charge window size, the temperature, and the relaxation time are essential parameters to control. From the experimental part of the thesis, it can be concluded that the start temperature should lay in the range of 15-25 °C with a relaxation time of 5-10 minutes providing a satisfying accuracy. A SOC window size of 20-80% seems to be the most optimal balance between time spent and accuracy in the measurement. Furthermore, it is identified that the workshop's equipment is heavily influencing the time it takes to conduct a test. It is concluded that it is necessary to be able to charge and discharge the batteries.Elektrifieringen av fordons industrin går snabbare än någonsin, vilket driver en högre efterfrågan på mer kunskap om batterier. Fordons tillverkare ska kunna redogöra för hur länge batterierna kan användas och ha ett service program för elektrifierade fordon, likt det som redan finns för traditionella, bränsledrivna fordon. Scania håller på att utveckla nya service metoder för sina hybrider och elektriska fordon där detta examensarbete har varit en del av denna utveckling genom att undersöka möjligheterna kring en verkstadsmetod för att mäta kapaciteten hos framdrivnings batterier. Under examensarbetet har väsentliga parametrar för cykling av batterier och mätning av kapacitet med hög noggrannhet identifierats och undersökts med laboratorietester. Parallellt med arbetet för att definiera egenskaperna hos en precis kapacitets mätning har implementationen av en sådan mätning i en verkstad studerats tillsammans med en kort diskussion om strategier för schemaläggning av dessa tester. Det introducerar nya utmaningar att utföra kapacitets mätningen i en verkstad och den viktiga frågan uppstår, hur lång tid tar en sådan kapacitets mätning? Det har identifieras att SOC fönster storleken, temperaturen och relaxeringstiden är essentiella parametrar att kontrollera. Slutsatserna är att temperaturen bör ligga i intervallet 15-25 °C med en relaxeringstid på 5-10 minuter ger en tillfredställande noggrannhet. Ett SOC fönster motsvarande 20-80% är förefaller vara den mest optimala i avvägningen mellan tidsåtgång och precision. Vidare kan den tillgängliga utrustningen på verkstaden pekas ut som en starkt påverkande faktor till tiden det tar att utföra ett sådant verkstadstest.
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Jennings, Lize. "A user needs assessment of the state of the environment (SOE) report for the City of Cape Town." Thesis, Cape Technikon, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/798.
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Thesis (MTech( Environmental Health))-- Cape Technikon, Cape Town, 2004The City of Cape Town (CCT) produced its first State of Environment report in 1999 as part of their Integrated Metropolitan Environmental Policy (IMEP) development process. The first report was developed by the City's Environmental Management Department, assisted by the Environmental Evaluation Unit at the University of Cape Town. It was developed through a synthesis of the findings of specialist baseline studies, information gathered from literature reviews, issues and indicators workshops and consultation with other specialists and authorities in order to obtain a suitable reporting approach and structure. Every year, the progress in each theme is assessed in the SoE report through the collection of information. This information is compared to the information in the previous year's SoE report and long-term trends are identified. The CCT has been producing the SoE report since 1999 and has to date produced five full reports and four accompanying summary reports. There is however limited knowledge of who the users of this report are as well as how they use the report in the future. This study attempts to provide the CCT with a better indication of the answers to these questions. The sample group was limited to those users with e-mail addresses. The data for this study were collected through a questionnaire sent to all the individuals and organisations on the IMEP database who received the SoE report in the past five years. The questionnaire asked the users how they used the report, what they liked and didn't like about the reports and how the report could be improved in order to meet their information needs and requirements. The report is used by a number of different sectors of society, especially individuals from government departments. There is however a need to reassess a number of the aspects of the report. These include the use of technical language in the summary report, the gap between the full and summary reports, the needs of the different users, the use of different products and which products are suitable for the different users, the need for a more interactive website, the need for the information in the report to be up-to-date and the assessment of the themes and indicators.
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Farfan-Ramos, Luis. "Real-time Fault Diagnosis of Automotive Electrical Power Generation and Storage System." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1303129393.
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Jeffery, Roger. "Health and the State in India." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/24023.
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Oblitas, Luis A. "The state-of-art in Health Psychology." Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2012. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/99901.
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Studies on the scientific background of Health Psychology are discussed, including the conceptual definition, as well as the bio-psycho-social model that characterizes it. The relation between health and behavior is described in order to have a better understanding of health and illness, as well as about the pathogenic and immunology issues related to behavior. The main contributions of Health Psychology to improve life quality and health are described. Moreover, medical psychology, psychosocial coping of illness, as well as intervention strategies, are discussed. Health Psychology becomes a good alternative for the understanding of health and illness mechanisms, as well as for the prevention process and illness treatment related to psychological components.Se abordan los antecedentes de la Psicología de la Salud, incluyendo su definición conceptual, así como el modelo biopsicosocial que la caracteriza. Se detalla la relación existente entre comportamiento y salud para tener una mejor comprensión de la salud y la enfermedad, así como de los patógenos e inmunógenos comportamentales. Se describen las principales contribuciones de la Psicología de la Salud para la promoción de salud y calidad de vida, psicología hospitalaria, afrontamiento psicosocial de la enfermedad y estrategias de intervención. La Psicología de la Salud constituye una excelente alternativa para comprender los mecanismos de salud y enfermedad, así como para la prevención y el manejo de la enfermedad, en lo que se refiere a sus componentes psicológicos.
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Grube, Ryan J. "Automotive Battery State-of-Health Monitoring Methods." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1229787557.
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Van, Der Pol Barbara. "Partner-specific abstinence state change in adolescent women." [Bloomington, Ind.] : Indiana University, 2007. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3283959.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Indiana University, School of Health, Physical Education and Recreation, 2007.Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 68-10, Section: A, page: 4218. Adviser: Mohammad R. Torabi. Title from dissertation home page (viewed May 20, 2008).
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Welch, Philip J. "State Legislators' Support for Evidence-based Obesity Reduction Measures." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1320940976.
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Rutherford, Ann Sommer. "India health impact of medical tourism facilities on state health and economy /." [Ames, Iowa : Iowa State University], 2009.
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Barth, Jasper. "The PAP-state : housing, health, and resilient authoritarianism." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2017. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:551a83bf-f0a6-4a28-b682-e36e4019bc92.
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The thesis aims to explain the continued durability of state authoritarianism in Singapore. This durability is usually attributed to citizens acquiescing to Singapore's authoritarian state on account of the prosperity it has delivered. The thesis argues that the contemporary resilience of authoritarianism and undergirding stability of state-citizen relations is better accounted for by two factors. First, the state is apparently able to address evolving policy demands brought forward by citizens. Addressing contemporary 'hot button' issues through policy change produces popular support for the regime and eliminates the basis for serious political challenges. The thesis stresses the increasing role played by the state's provision of social protection and nation-building with respect to regime legitimation. Second, citizens are often able to sidestep authoritarian state practices in everyday life. The thesis argues that this can make authoritarian state practices more bearable for Singaporeans and thus further abates the emergence of pressures for political liberalisation. The thesis analyses economic and social policy to make these arguments while focussing on the public housing and healthcare programmes as central case studies. It also draws on fieldwork data about state interventions, and how these interventions pan out 'on the ground' in Singapore. Beyond the case of Singapore, the thesis speaks to the resilience and re-emergence of state authoritarianism in other countries. The thesis also contributes to state theory and discussions about the reconfiguration of states' economic and social functions in the face of economic globalisation.
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McHenry, Kristen L. "East Tennessee State University: Spotlight Article." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2014. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/2551.
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Excerpt: The World Health Organization describes inter-professional education (IPE) as being when studentsfrom at least two professions learn about, from, and with each other to facilitate effective collaboration among health care providers and improve patient health outcomes.
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Zelt, Susan C. Ricketts Thomas C. "Moving from perception to action in the United Health Foundation's State Health Rankings." Chapel Hill, N.C. : University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2006. http://dc.lib.unc.edu/u?/etd,322.
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Thesis (DrPH)--University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2006.Title from electronic title page (viewed Oct. 10, 2007). "... in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Public Health in the Department of Health Policy and Administration in the School of Public Health." Discipline: Health Policy and Administration; Department/School: Public Health.
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Hinz, Andreas, Winfried Häuser, Heide Glaesmer, and Elmar Brähler. "The relationship between perceived own health state and health assessments of anchoring vignettes." Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2016. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-204076.
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Self-reported health depends on the internal frame of reference and on response styles. One way of studying this dependency is using anchoring vignettes. Response shift effects are assumed to induce a negative correlation between self-reported health and the health assessments attributed to the vignettes. Method: A representative sample of the German adult population (N = 2,409) was selected. Participants were asked to rate their health state and the health states of two rather complex vignettes representing patients with several health complaints on a 0-100 scale. Results: The mean score of self-assessed health was M = 76.20 (SD = 20.6). There was a very small positive correlation between the assessment of the vignettes and the self-assessed health state (r = .12). After controlling for a proxy of objective health, measured in terms of chronic conditions, the relationship remained slightly positive. Chronic conditions were only marginally associated with the assessments of the vignettes (0 conditions: M = 44.8; ≥ 2 conditions: M = 42.2). Conclusions: The lack of the postulated association between self-reported health and vignettes’ ratings means that we cannot derive tools to correct the subjective ratings for differential use of frames of reference.
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Egen, Olivia, Kate E. Beatty, and Randy Wykoff. "State of Tennessee. Understanding the impact of income." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2017. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/6860.
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Brotherton, Pierre Sean. "The pragmatic state : socialist health policy, state power, and individual bodily practices in Havana, Cuba." Thesis, McGill University, 2003. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=84483.
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This thesis examines how the recent socio-economic and political arena in Cuba informs the relationship among the idea of population health, national statistics, and the everyday lives of individuals. Post-revolutionary Cuba has used measures of the health of individuals as a metaphor for the health of the body politic, effectively linking the efficacy of socialism and its governmental apparatus to the health conditions of the population. The creation of a model of health care that was informed by the revolutionaries' vision of a new social order, which in turn would help to create an ' hombre nuevo' (new man and new woman), effectively shaped a model of citizenship that was associated with a particular notion of health, and in addition defined a system of socialist values and ideals. Thirty months of ethnographic field research in the city of Havana focused specifically on the Family Physician-and-Nurse Program---an innovative primary health care program in which family physician-and-nurse teams live and work on the city block or in the rural community they serve. Drawing on my ethnographic findings, I explore two key themes. First, I examine how state policy, enacted through the government's public health campaigns, has affected individual lives, changing the relationship among citizens, government institutions, public associations and the state. Secondly, I examine how the collapse of the Soviet bloc (post-1989) and the strengthening of the US embargo is changing the relationship between socialist health-policies and individual practices and how it has redefined how state power becomes enacted through and upon individual bodies. In particular, I examine how individual practices play an important role in the maintenance of Cuba's population-health profile, as individual citizens give priority to their own health care needs, both material (such as food, medicines and medical supplies) and spiritual (including the re-emergence of religious
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Bartlett, Alexander P. "Electrochemical Model-Based State of Charge and State of Health Estimation of Lithium-Ion Batteries." The Ohio State University, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1432640190.
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Witesman, Eva M. "Goal conflict in the State Children's Health Insurance Program." [Bloomington, Ind.] : Indiana University, 2009. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3378388.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Indiana University, School of Public and Environmental Affairs, 2009.Title from PDF t.p. (viewed on Jul 7, 2010). Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 70-10, Section: A, page: 4046. Adviser: David A. Reingold.
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Rudland, Emily, and emily rudland@netspeed com au. "Political Triage: Health and the State in Myanmar (Burma)." The Australian National University. Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies, 2004. http://thesis.anu.edu.au./public/adt-ANU20070719.123952.
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In 1988, the military government in Myanmar abandoned the socialist ideology and isolationism that had shaped the state since independence, embarking on a transition to an open economy and engagement of the international community.
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Where socialism had failed, economic development and partnerships with former insurgent groups became the new strategy to advance the militarys security agenda. The primary goal of the security agenda is to promote state consolidation based on a unitary state structure, and according to military values and interests. However, the militarys goals are antagonistic to much of the countrys population, especially its ethnic minority groups. Consequently, the military lacks moral authority, and is preoccupied with maintaining its power and seeking legitimacy. The state is oriented to regime maintenance rather than policy implementation, leaving the regime without autonomy to pursue policy goals outside of its security agenda.
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The changing nature of the state, and state-society relations during the period of transition is revealed by trends in social development. Specifically, this thesis explores these issues through a case study of the health system. One impact of the economic transition and the militarys new nation-building strategy has been the abandonment of social equity as an ideological goal of the state. Even under socialism, state capacity to promote health was weak. In the transitional state, weak state capacity is now combined with a political incapacity of the regime to make public health a priority. In the quest for performance legitimacy, the military government is pursuing a narrow conception of development that values economic growth. Putting the states scarce resources into social development does not fit into this development strategy. Government expenditure on health has declined steadily since 1988, and health bureaucrats struggle to implement government policy. Standards in the public health system are very low, and most people seek health care in the private and informal health sectors.
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Therefore, the military regimes inability to achieve state consolidation, which leaves it preoccupied with its own legitimacy crisis, is a significant factor in the inability of the Myanmar state to promote social development. The process of economic transition from a socialist economy has exacerbated this through the withdrawal of the state from financing and delivery of social services, resulting in increasing inequity of access to these services.
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Rudland, Emily. "Political triage : health and the state in Myanmar (Burma) /." View thesis entry in Australian Digital Theses, 2003. http://thesis.anu.edu.au/public/adt-ANU20070719.123952/index.html.
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McIntyre, Lauren J. "Demography, diet and state of health in Roman York." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2014. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/5268/.
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This study combines new and pre-existing osteological evidence with archaeological evidence in order to reconstruct the demographic composition, broad dietary patterns and health status of the population of Roman York. This research examines the composition of the military and civilian sectors of the population, dietary patterns inferred from the study of dental remains, and differences in health according to social and occupational status categories within the population. Results indicate that the population had significant male bias, underrepresentation of infants and sub-adults, and approximately equal male and female life expectancy. Diets are likely to have been rich in fat and protein, and low in both cariogenic foods and foods that provide vitamins. Compared to contemporary urban sites, York had significantly elevated prevalence of antemortem trauma and porotic hyperostosis. Comparatively high rates of dislocation, peri-mortem trauma, brucellosis, osteopenia, os acromiale and osteochondroma were also observed. These findings suggest that the demographic composition of the population is heavily influenced by the presence of the military. A combination of osteological, isotopic, archaeobotanical, zooarchaeological and literary evidence indicates that dietary staples in the town appear to have been spelt based products such as bread, and beef. Other dietary components are likely to have included dairy products such as sheep's milk and cheese, olive oil, dried figs and fish. It is also likely that the populace were consuming lesser quantities of sugary products (e.g. containing honey and syrup), and fresh fruit and vegetables than populations from contemporary towns. Some of the observed pathological conditions with elevated values at Eboracum may be the result of poor comparative data, osteological rarity of a condition, or a combination of complex causal factors. Elevated prevalence of traumatic injury in some skeletal elements of the cranium and several post-cranial skeletal elements was significantly associated with an unusual group of burials from sites located on Driffield Terrace.
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Lyons, Patricia. "An Exploration of a State Mandated Health Education Program." ScholarWorks, 2016. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/2004.
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Shaken baby syndrome (SBS) is one of the most violent forms of physical child abuse. In 2007, the State of Ohio enacted a health education mandate known as Claire's law. Claire's law requires all birthing hospitals to provide SBS education to mothers prior to their discharge. This law is the result of public demand and advocacy initiatives; however, it was not clear how the mandate was developed or whether or not the mandate and subsequent educational programs have had an impact on efforts to prevent SBS. The purpose of this qualitative case study was to explore the state of Ohio's processes involved in creating legislation to mandate SBS education. Data were collected through document reviews and interviews with SBS workgroup members (n = 5). The precede-proceed program planning model provided the conceptual framework to examine the participatory process involved in the development of the mandate from its beginning. The findings of the study showed that SBS workgroup members believed mandated education would affect SBS incidence and would ensure that mothers receive SBS education in Ohio hospitals during their birth experience. The findings also demonstrated a lack of a formal program planning methodology and no public inclusion in the development of the mandate or its required health education component. The state of Ohio has an additional means to ensure widespread education on SBS through the creation of this mandate. Statutory requirements provide opportunities for health professionals to educate the public on the effects of shaking a baby, resulting in a key implication for social change. Legislation focused on health education should be multifaceted and include varying layers of intervention.
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Kerley, Ross Andrew. "Automotive Lead-Acid Battery State-of-Health Monitoring System." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/64870.
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This thesis describes the development of a system to continuously monitor the battery in a car and warn the user of an upcoming battery failure. An automotive battery endures enormous strain when it starts the engine, and when it supplies loads without the engine running. Note that the current during a cranking event often exceeds 500 Amperes. Despite the strains, a car battery still typically lasts 4-6 years before requiring replacement. There is often no warning of when a battery should be replaced and there is never a good time for a battery failure.
All currently available lead-acid battery monitoring systems use voltage and current sensing to monitor battery impedance and estimate battery health. However, such a system is costly due to the current sensor and typically requires an expert to operate the system. This thesis describes a prototype system to monitor battery state of health and provide advance warning of an upcoming battery failure using only voltage sensing. The prototype measures the voltage during a cranking event and determines if the battery is healthy or not. The voltage of an unhealthy battery will drop lower than a healthy one, and it will not recover as quickly.
The major contributions of the proposed research to the field are an algorithm to predict automotive battery state-of-health that is temperature-dependent and a prototype implementation of the algorithm on an ARM processor development board.Master of Science
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Suozzo, Christopher. "Lead-Acid Battery Aging and State of Health Diagnosis." The Ohio State University, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1212002134.
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Thoradeniya, Darshi Nayanathara. "Women's health as state strategy : Sri Lanka's twentieth century." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2014. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/63815/.
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Sri Lanka gained prominence in international policy circles as an apparent 'success story' first as a model colony in early 1950s and later as a development model for South Asia by 1970s. In naming Sri Lankan 'success story' experts pointed to the decreasing population growth rate and decreasing mortality. Renowned demographers attributed this to the improvements in the field of social indicators such as high literacy rates, increased life expectancy and rise in female age at marriage. In this 'success story' women's health serves as a linchpin to the attainment of national progress. But a focus on women's health – as statistics and indicators – has also served to silence questions about Sri Lankan women's broader experiences of their disaggregated health. In particular, while Sri Lankan 'women's health' served the Sri Lankan state's 'success story' well, what is less clear is how women's individual bodies have fared within subsequent tellings of its other twentieth century Sri Lankan stories of late colonial, national, developmental, neoliberal and militarised phases. My thesis examines this question through a critical examination of women's health history of this island nation. I trace its history from initial birth control, family planning (1953) to development population control to militarisation, financialisation of women's bodies and ends with a critical examination of recent policies that claim to emancipate women's health 'beyond' a myopic focus on their role as reproducer. Although women's health was vigilantly 'controlled' and 'planned' for the state building project and women's bodies were framed around the notion of social reproduction for the nation building project of post independent Sri Lanka, women were neither subjects nor objects of these two projects. Women's reproductive bodies were, rather, the ground for a complex and competing set of struggles on population, family planning, development, modernisation and ethno nationalism of post independent Sri Lanka. Further women's health/women's bodies analysis helps to elucidate the manner in which we can track the operation of power that serves to silence women's own corporeal subjectivity and to delimit the realms in which she can exercise her own agency.
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Throne, Paul W. "Under-reporting of surgical errors| State perceptions and responses." Thesis, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2013. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3562819.
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Objective: Under-reporting of surgical errors inhibits development of knowledge and strategies that can lead to lower error rates. Mandatory error reporting programs have proliferated among states as one means of reducing the incidence of errors. Evidence suggests that errors are under-reported. Little is known of the perceptions of states regarding the risk of under-reporting, their responses to it and the ways they use reported data to improve patient safety. A qualitative study was conducted to assess the perceptions of state managers regarding the risk of under-reporting and the role of enforcement, analysis and feedback in current and ideal error reporting programs.
Methods: 24 state medical error reporting programs were surveyed for characteristics and perceptions of surgical error reporting compliance. A key informant sample of 11 states explored perceptions of barriers and facilitators to reporting, and current and ideal strategies for enforcement and data use. Qualitative data were coded for themes and key findings. A plan for change responds to the conclusions.
Results: 52% of states had discovered surgical errors through means other than required reporting by health care institutions. 76% of states reported that it was impossible to know whether all required reports were made. Some managers did not have adequate resources to enforce reporting, analyze data or engage the health care industry to improve patient safety. State managers understood most of the same reasons given by the health care industry in the literature for failure to report, except lack of program usefulness and feedback. Most managers valued using error data analysis in collaboration with the health care industry to reduce the incidence of surgical errors, but only 37.5% of states use data this way.
Conclusion: Most state managers do not know whether their programs receive all required surgical error reports, and most do not have the resources to use data the way they would like to. Managers did not understand lack of program value and feedback as an important barrier. A plan for change provides education to states and recommendations that include standardization of reporting requirements, data sharing, and new requirements for error reporting.
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Mackay, Alison. "Assessing children's visual acuity with steady state evoked potentials." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2003. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/6573/.
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The majority of children attending ophthalmology clinics require a visual acuity assessment. The optimal technique depends on age as well as the ability to cooperate with testing. Most acuity assessments are performed subjectively by an orthoptist. Objective acuity assessment by Visual Evoked Potential (VEP) provides a complementary assessment in those subjects who cannot complete subjective tests. The aim of this study was to develop and evaluate a rapid, objective visual acuity assessment. The technique was named the step_ VEP and is based on the real-time analysis of steady-state VEPs (ssVEP). It presents high contrast checkerboard stimuli of sizes 0.4 to 3.0 LogMAR with a successive approximation algorithm. Speed of response detection, specificity and sensitivity were optimised by investigation of recording montage and analysis techniques in a group of normal children and adults (N=102). The success, duration and outcome of step_ VEP acuity assessment was compared to transient VEP (t-VEP) acuity assessment and subjective acuity assessment in a group of paediatric patients (N=218). I-D Laplacian analysis of three occipital electrodes was significantly faster than conventional recording and analysis (Oz-Fz) at detecting ssVEP responses near visual acuity threshold (3' checks) from three years upwards, and at detecting responses to 6' and 9' checks in the 7-9 year age group. A lateral electrode site at 15% of the half-head circumference was fastest most often in adults. Step_ VEPs were 16% more successful than t-VEPs and 9% more successful than subjective tests in providing a complete acuity assessment. Subjective acuity scores were systematically higher than VEP acuity scores in subjects who successfully completed both assessments. A closer agreement with subjective acuity scores was found for step_ VEPs than t-VEPs. The disparity between step_ VEP acuity score and subjective acuity score was shown to reduce with age.
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Sharif, Fatima. "Public Health Officials' Perspectives on the Determinants of Health: Implications of Health Frames on Policy Implementation in State Health Departments." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/73500.
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Recent public health scholarship finds that health outcomes are explained by the social and individual determinants of health rather than the individual-level determinants alone. The individualistic perspective has dominated the 20th century institutionalization of public health in the United States where the public health system has tended to focus largely, if not exclusively, on individual factors. This persistent orientation lies in contrast to another set of perspectives that have also persisted, focused on social causes, which are currently dominant in contemporary public health academic literature and in major, international health organizations. Whether the orientation within the United States is due to a prevailing paradigm among public health officials or is the result of new ideas about health causation being dampened under organizational weight is unknown. Despite public health being central to decreasing morbidity and mortality in the 20th century, significant gaps remain in researchers' understanding of what influences practice in the American public health system.
My dissertation research investigates the broad outlines of the determinants of health as understood by state public health administrators. I study how the understanding of the determinants of health affects the practice of public health through analyzing how the ideas of state public health administrators interact with the organizational dynamics of the public health organizations they lead. This mixed-methods dissertation uses survey research and in-depth interviews and quantitative and qualitative analysis.
I find that state public health officials' professionalization, length of tenure, level of education, and gender affect the perspective of health causation to which they adhere. I also find that the state public health officials with a social health frame more commonly report they are situated in organizations that are learning environments. Both organizational and ideational factors influence public health practice. The interview data expand this finding to paint a complex picture of organizational and ideational factors influencing one another as well as resulting practices. This research reveals that state public health officials often have strong health frames that are only able to shape the edges of their practice due to the political and organizational dynamics interacting with state public health departments.Ph. D.
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MacKeigan, Linda Dawn. "Context effects in health state utility assessment: Etiology, framing, and delay of health outcomes." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/185266.
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This research examined the effects of two aspects of health state context, etiology and delay in onset, on preferences for health states. Research questions about the effect of etiology were derived from regret theory and prospect theory, theories of behavioral decision making: (1) Does etiology (iatrogenic versus natural) affect utility for a health state? (2) Does framing iatrogenic morbidity as a transaction cost reduce its disutility? Research questions about delayed health outcomes were based on the theory of intertemporal choice: (1) Does time preference for health differ for health gains and losses? (2) Does the time preference difference between gains and losses apply to both short and long-term changes in health? Each contextual factor was investigated in a separate mixed factorial experimental design. Subjects were randomly assigned to rate three hypothetical health states described in one of three frames: unexplained loss of health, iatrogenic loss of health, or iatrogenic cost of overall health gain, and to evaluate either health gain or loss profiles in which the duration and delay of onset of the health change were manipulated. One hundred and eight volunteers were obtained from a university staff population, and outpatient and volunteer populations of a Veterans Affairs hospital. Data for both studies were collected in one hour interviews. Utilities for health states and health profiles were assessed with the standard gamble and the category rating scale respectively. Inferential tests of hypotheses were based on mixed factorial analyses of variance. In the framing study hypotheses were tested with planned comparison t tests; in the time preference study they were tested with F tests of double and triple interactions. Conclusions were that greater disutility is assigned to iatrogenic morbidity than to natural morbidity, that time preference for health gains differs from time preference for losses, and that devaluation of a delayed health loss is dependent on its duration. The theory of intertemporal choice was supported in the health domain. Conclusions cannot be extended beyond preferences elicited with hypothetical health scenarios. Lack of support for a framing effect for iatrogenic health states was attributed to inadequate statistical power.
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Marks, Jennifer. "Living in Sin, In Sickness and In Health? An Investigation of Cohabitation, Marriage, and Health." NCSU, 2009. http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/theses/available/etd-03202009-175559/.
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The physical and psychological health benefits of marriage have been well-documented in the family and medical sociology literature. Given the recent increases in the prevalence of cohabitation, this research asks whether marriage still confers the same health benefits, and whether cohabitation might do the same. Using two waves of a nationally representative sample, the effects of union type on eleven health outcomes were examined, both cross-sectionally and longitudinally; processual factors such as social support, health behaviors, and socioeconomic status were also examined. Union type was not a consistent predictor of health outcomes: spouses appear somewhat better off than singles, but major differences between cohabitation and marriage were not found. Further, the health benefits of marriage are primarily afforded to men, and the benefits of both union types are more pronounced for younger persons. Social support was a consistent and positive predictor of physical and psychological health, although men may receive greater benefits than women. Health behavior measures were not effective predictors of health outcomes, but this may be due to measurement issues. Socioeconomic status measures were also consistent predictors of physical and psychological health, although an individualâs employment was more often significant than total household income. Additional analyses were conducted to test the âselection hypothesisâ â that healthier people are more likely to enter unions. Results are supportive of selective effects for marriage, but not nearly as much so for cohabitation, implying that perhaps different mate selection processes are at work for the two union types. Theoretical, research, and policy implications are discussed.
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Schmidt, Alexander Patrick [Verfasser]. "A Novel Electrochemical Battery Model For State Of Charge And State Of Health Estimation / Alexander Patrick Schmidt." Aachen : Shaker, 2010. http://d-nb.info/1084536315/34.
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Carew, Bonnie L. "Health care benefits for state workers what drives the differences? /." Diss., Mississippi State : Mississippi State University, 2009. http://library.msstate.edu/etd/show.asp?etd=etd-03132009-110424.
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Al-Nabit, Nasser. "Improving health service operational performance in the State of Qatar." Thesis, De Montfort University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2086/9546.
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Improving patient safety and quality of care are among the most important challenges facing hospital executives, not the least because of recent changes in hospital reimbursement. The usual tactic is to reduce medical treatment conditions, ensure proper drug dosage, and develop and enforce standards of care. While these efforts are important, the research here has considered one of the less obvious but critical operational issues as variation in patient flow. Patient flow and the reduction of waiting times is a subject of great discussion across all healthcare providers, underpins many waiting time improvement techniques. In healthcare, flow is the movement of patients, information or equipment between departments, staff groups or organisations as part of their care pathway. Ideally they would move from one ward in their care to the next without delay. Patient flow through an Emergency Department (ED) is complex with several changes in the pathway being produced by many decisions made at various points. However, variation in patient flow occurs throughout a hospital and contributes to different problems e.g. increasing in demand, a need for interactive care pathway or delivery of care solutions to measure different types of variability on patient flow and capacity management, extended waiting times, overcrowding and boarding in the emergency department (ED) bumped and late surgeries, lack of available routine and beds, overburdened nurses, and exasperated physicians. Not only does this threaten patient safety and quality of care, but it also causes enormous stress in the institution, making it increasingly difficult for hospitals to recruit and retain physicians and nurses. Healthcare delivery improvement techniques such as Lean allow providers to improve systems by reducing waste and highlighting the non-value added activities in the process. There are many possible process improvement solutions that can only be validated by implementation and understanding the whole process. Therefore, healthcare providers are turning to innovative technologies such as patient flow simulation in order to identify non-added activities, bottlenecks and to test Lean and more radical solutions before actually implementing them. The research will aim at proving that by adding simulations a radical thinking to improve the efficiency of flow of patients by reducing waiting time and get the best utilisation. Patient flow simulation allows you to immediately see the benefits of process changes with real time data and graphical visualisations. A novel approach is introduced within this research through the integration of simulation modelling techniques along with Taguchi analysis to investigate 'what if' patient variation scenarios. Such scenarios reflect the different combinations of the variability that can affect waiting time in one flow of patients and/or more than one patient at once. In addition, the research has adopted the concept of lean thinking to develop an automated Decision Operations Heuristic Analysis-Quick Response (DOHA-QR). The model acts in an iterative manner which investigate the different levels of variability by identify constraints that may affect the waiting and different performance outputs. Optimisation routines have been developed to get the best of senior medical resource scheduling to achieve best utilisation, reducing waiting time and react to the different levels of variability. Therefore, the developed method: (i) Concentrated on using customers and resources information to improve the quality of services while improving the productivity of the resources used in ED. (ii) Its principles can be extended and applied to different healthcare departments and other types of service granting organizations. (iii) Integrate with the simulation model that will have a real time picture of flow of patients' system load, condition, and behaviour i.e. different level of variability. It will act as a quick response tool that can provide a rationale to decision makers of small-business clinics to structure the right blend of medical resources, thereby maximizing profitability and patient satisfaction. (iv) Simulate different patient acute flow conditions i.e. emergency, urgent, non-urgent flow lines where senior medical resources can be best utilized, and (v) Additionally it will look at moving senior medical resources where and when needed between different patient acute flow lines.
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Högberg, Björn. "Ageing, health inequalities and welfare state regimes – a multilevel analysis." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Sociologiska institutionen, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-100401.
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The paper studies class inequalities in health over the ageing process in a comparative perspective. It investigates if health inequalities among the elderly vary between European welfare state regimes, and if this variation is age-dependent. Previous comparative research on health inequalities have largely failed to take age and ageing into account, and have not investigated whether cross-country variation in health inequalities might differ for different age categories. Since the elderly belong to the demographic category most dependent on welfare policies, an ageing perspective is warranted. The study combines fives data rounds (2002 to 2010) from the European Social Survey. Multilevel techniques are used, and the analysis is stratified by age, comparing the 50-64 year olds with those aged 65-80 years. Health is measured by self-assessed general health and disability status. Two results stand out. First, class differences in health are strongly reduced or vanish completely for the 65-80 year olds in the Social democratic welfare states, while they remain stable or are in some cases even intensified in almost all other welfare states. Second, the cross-country variation in health inequalities is much larger for the oldest (aged 65-80 years) than is the case for the 50-64 year olds. It is concluded that welfare policies seem to influence the magnitude of health inequalities, and that the importance of welfare state context is greater for the elderly, who are more fragile and more reliant on welfare policies such as public pensions and elderly care.
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Eleffendi, Mohd Amir. "In-service estimation of state of health of power modules." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2016. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/32913/.
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The in-service reliability of power electronics modules during their normal operation in their work environment is a major concern for application developers. Failure mechanisms act on power modules limiting their lifetime and leading to unpredictable interruptions of power converter operation. That reduces the availability of power converters and can have large financial and safety implications in applications such as in wind turbines and railway traction. Therefore, many attempts are made to use Physics-of-Failure models to estimate the lifetime of power modules while in service utilizing the rainflow counting algorithm. However, large uncertainty in the lifetime estimate given by Physics-of-Failure methods limits the usefulness of that estimate and cannot help improving the availability of power converters. Condition Monitoring on the other hand provides information about the current health state of power modules based on online measurements of failure indicators that can be obtained from the power modules. This information can be used to inform the prognostics stage to provide an estimate of lifetime based on PoF models and online measurements in a Fusion-based approach such that uncertainty in the resulting lifetime estimate can be reduced. In this thesis, the main emphasis is to use online measurement data of failure indicators that can be obtained during the normal operation of power modules to infer the health status of the power module. Failure indicators such as the on-state voltage and junction temperature are estimated or measured online from the power converter. They are indicative of the two dominant failure mechanisms of power modules which are wire-bond lift-off and solder fatigue. Therefore, different simultaneous failure mechanisms can be discriminated. However, in order to infer the health information from the online measurement and discriminate between failure mechanisms, the measurement noise and the effects of operating conditions should be removed from the measurement. The approach proposed in this thesis is based on combining online measurements with pre-determined models of the power module in its original state. Comparing the online measurements with the models reveals the deviation of the power module from its original state. To achieve this, Kalman filter is used to estimate junction temperature based on a noisy estimate from a thermo-sensitive electrical parameter. In addition, measurement circuits are developed to realize the online measurements during normal operation of power modules. The health information inferred from the online measurement of failure indicators can be used in the future to estimate the remaining useful lifetime of the power modules and to inform the Physics-of-Failure models in a fusion framework in order to reduce the uncertainty in the lifetime estimates.
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Cain, Theresa. "Bayesian inference for health state utilities using pairwise comparison data." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2012. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/14591/.
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The National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) is responsible for making recommendations about which treatments are available on the NHS. An important part of the decision making process is to estimate the cost effectiveness of a treatment, measured in cost per QALY gained. If a treatment costs more than £30000 per QALY the NHS does not consider it to be cost effective. QALYs are calculated using life years and QALY weights. which represent the quality of life of a condition. An example of a QALY weight is a utility. which is a measure of preference for a health condition. A utility is measured on a scale between 0 and 1, where 0 is the utility of death and 1 is the utility of perfect health. This thesis uses discrete choice modelling to estimate utilities for health states defined using the Asthma quality of life questionnaire. A Bayesian approach is used to estimate the utilities in order to quantify utility. A probit and legit model are considered for the likelihood where the parameters represent the decrease in utility associated with increasing levels of the attributes of the asthma quality of life questionnaire. An MCMC is run using three prior distributions on the parameters: Gamma(l.lO). Gamma(5.15) and Uniform(O. 1). The model is also extended to include a multiplicative random effect. Bayes factors are used as a model comparison in the standard model, Results from both the standard model and random effects model are also compared with maximum likelihood estimates.
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Sidhu, Manpreet Kaur. "Health investment : how can the state influence the consumer to obtain the maximum health investment?" Thesis, University of Southampton, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.433824.
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Abel, Karin M. "Welfare State Context and Individual Health: The Role of Decommodification in Shaping Self-Perceived Health." DigitalCommons@USU, 2015. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/4311.
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My research brings together two areas of sociological inquiry. The first area involves the study of the welfare state and the second the determinants of health status. Drawing on Esping-Andersen's work concerning a particular aspect of the welfare state, decommodification, two questions are of interest. First, are individuals in countries with more decommodifying welfare states less likely to report poor self-perceived health than individuals in countries with less decommodifying welfare states? Second, does decommodification affect the health of various population groups in different ways? Gender and income groups are of interest here. Theoretically, I argue that the welfare state impacts the stratification order, that social inequality is tied to social cohesion, and that social cohesion is linked to health. I draw on sources of both country- and individual- level data, including the comparative welfare Entitlements dataset, the World Values Survey, and the European Values Study, to test hypotheses concerning the link between decommodification and self-perceived health. In general, I hypothesize that higher levels of decommodification will contribute to a decreased likelihood that individuals report poor self-perceived health. Given the miltilevel structure of my research questions and hypotheses, I use multilevel binary logistic regression to assess relationships of interest. My findings indicate that, for all groups, decommodification does not have a statistically significant relationship with self-perceived health. In other words, higher levels of welfare support do not decrease the likelihood that individuals report poor health. To elaborate, for all groups, those who are trusting, as compared to those who are not, are less likely to report poor health. Overall, the data do not support my hypotheses, revealing potential flaws in my theory linking the welfare state and health status. My research, then, has both theoretical and empirical implications.
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Britigan, Denise H. "Health Information Sources and Health Literacy Levels of Latinos in a Midwestern Tri-State Area." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1258660537.
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Johnson, Taylon M. "Autism Policy: State and National Legislation Analysis." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2012. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/278.
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This research thesis is a policy assessment of the factors that contribute to the current status in treating autism. The policy assessment begins with a description of the key components that that influence policy outcomes in regard to autism.
After developing a policy model that outlines various components of issues and approaches to the policy has on Autism, the paper examines several issues with regard to Autism policy, including the lack of insurance coverage, state legislation, waiting lists, evidence vs. non evidence treatments, and the high price for treatments. The paper also examines current approaches to Autism, and potential solutions. Solution analysis on current policy alternatives is provided and, this suggests that increasing knowledge and awareness of the affects of autism on society needs further attention along with proper funding for early treatment.