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Books on the topic 'State of polarization'

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Published: 4 June 2021
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1

Astapenko, Valeriy. Polarization Bremsstrahlung on Atoms, Plasmas, Nanostructures and Solids. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013.

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2

Han'guk ŭi chaebŏl kwa palchŏn kukka: Kodo sŏngjang kwa tokchae, chibae kyegŭp ŭi hyŏngsŏng = Chaebol and the developmental state in Korea : high growth, dictatorship and the making of a dominant class. Kyŏnggi-do P'aju-si: Hanul Ak'ademi, 2012.

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3

Party polarization in Congress. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2008.

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4

Baumer, Donald C. Parties, polarization, and democracy in the United States. Boulder: Paradigm Publishers, 2010.

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5

1958-, Gold Howard J., ed. Parties, polarization, and democracy in the United States. Boulder: Paradigm Publishers, 2010.

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6

Baumer, Donald C. Parties, polarization, and democracy in the United States. Boulder: Paradigm Publishers, 2010.

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7

The untied states of America: Polarization, fracturing, and our future. New York: Crown, 2005.

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8

Enriquez, Juan. The untied states of America: Polarization, fracturing, and our future. New York: Crown Publishers, 2005.

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9

1965-, Weiler Jonathan Daniel, ed. Authoritarianism and polarization in American politics. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2009.

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10

Darmofal, David, and Ryan Strickler. Demography, Politics, and Partisan Polarization in the United States, 1828–2016. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-04001-7.

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11

D, Brewer Mark, and Mariani Mack D, eds. Diverging parties: Social change, realignment, and party polarization. Boulder, Colo: Westview Press, 2003.

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12

The disappearing center: Engaged citizens, polarization, and American democracy. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2010.

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13

Berberoglu, Berch. The legacy of empire: Economic decline and class polarization in the United States. New York: Praeger, 1992.

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14

Party wars: Polarization and the politics of national policy making. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 2006.

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15

Society of Photo-optical Instrumentation Engineers, ed. Polarization science and remote sensing IV: 3-4 August 2009, San Diego, California, United States. Bellingham, Wash: SPIE, 2009.

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16

June, Carbone, ed. Red families v. blue families: Legal polarization and the creation of culture. New York: Oxford University Press, 2010.

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17

Cartosio, Bruno. L' autunno degli Stati Uniti: Neoliberismo e declino sociale da Reagan a Clinton. Milano: ShaKe edizioni, 1998.

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18

Talmon, J. L. Myth of the nation and vision of revolution: Ideological polarization in the twentieth century. New Brunswick, U.S.A: Transaction Publishers, 1991.

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19

The parties versus the people: How to turn Republicans and Democrats into Americans. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2012.

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20

Holding the center: A defense of trimming. New Brunswick, N.J: Transaction Publishers, 2013.

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21

McCarty, Nolan. Polarization. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/wentk/9780190867782.001.0001.

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The 2016 election of Donald J. Trump invoked a time for reflection about the state of American politics and its deep ideological, cultural, racial, regional, and economic divisions. But one aspect that the contemporary discussions often miss is that these fissures have been opening over several decades and are deeply rooted in the structure of American politics and society. Nolan McCarty's Polarization: What Everyone Needs to Know® is an accessible introduction to polarization in America. McCarty takes readers through what scholars know and don't know about the origins, development, and implications of our rising political conflicts, delving into social, economic, and geographic determinants of polarization in the United States. While the current political climate makes it clear that extreme views are becoming more popular, McCarty also argues that, contrary to popular belief, the 2016 election was a natural outgrowth of 40 years of polarized politics, instead of a significant break with the past. He explains the factors that have created this state of affairs, including gerrymandered legislative districts, partisan primary nomination systems, and our private campaign finance system. He also considers the potential of major reforms such as instating proportional representation or single-transferable voting to remedy extreme polarization. A concise overview of a complex and crucial topic in US politics, this book is for anyone wanting to understand how to repair the cracks in our system.
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22

Rich Dorman, Sara. The Politics of Polarization (1998–2000). Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190634889.003.0005.

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The chapter identifies this period as a key, albeit brief, moment when civil society was able to shape political discourse and practice in Zimbabwe. It first sets out the economic conditions in the late 1990s. It then delineates the changing alignments and increasing polarization between state and society. It traces the origins of the National Constitutional Assembly (NCA), and the unease with which it was met by some NGOs and churches. The ways in which the NCA frames the constitutional debate fundamentally challenges the post-independence record of the Mugabe government, its development agenda and its liberation credentials. The focus of the chapter then turns to the regime’s reaction: both institutionally, in the form of the Constitutional Commission and rhetorically, as it first intensified the nationalist rhetoric of previous decades and then labeled those who chose to work with the NCA as illegitimate interlocutors, disloyal to the state and the legacy of liberation. It concludes with the 2000 constitutional referendum.
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23

Religion, Politics, and Polarization: How Religiopolitical Conflict Is Changing Congress and American Democracy. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Incorporated, 2013.

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24

State Crisis in Fragile Democracies: Polarization and Political Regimes in South America. Cambridge University Press, 2017.

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25

Handlin, Samuel. State Crisis in Fragile Democracies: Polarization and Political Regimes in South America. Cambridge University Press, 2019.

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26

Religion, Politics, and Polarization: How Religiopolitical Conflict Is Changing Congress and American Democracy. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, 2013.

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27

Paddock, Joel W. Local and State Political Parties. Edited by Donald P. Haider-Markel. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199579679.013.007.

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This chapter analyzes the current state of political science literature on state and local parties. Three broad themes are examined (1) the adaptation of state and local parties to the more candidate-centered politics of the telecommunications age and the subsequent importance of campaign finance; (2) ideological polarization in the party system; and (3) regionalism in American politics. The author highlights directions for future research.
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28

I'M Right and You're an Idiot: The Toxic State of Public Discourse and How to Clean It Up. New Society Publishers, Limited, 2019.

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29

author, Litwin Grania, ed. I'm right and you're an idiot: The toxic state of public discourse and how to clean it up. New Society Publishers, 2016.

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30

Trencsényi, Balázs, Michal Kopeček, Luka Lisjak Gabrijelčič, Maria Falina, Mónika Baár, and Maciej Janowski. A New State for “New Men”. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198737155.003.0006.

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Growing disappointment with party politics in the 1920s gave rise to discourses extolling the state as the principal actor of societal change. A common denominator of the various versions of etatism and technocratism in the region was a strong “anti-political” ideological reflex. In the 1930s, this was coupled with a discourse of a preventive strike, defending dictatorial policies as measures to hinder radical left- and right-wing movements from taking power. In turn, East Central European fascism emerged in the post-First World War atmosphere of insecurity and polarization. This was reinforced by the collapse of parliamentary democracy in the 1930s and the reconfiguration of the geopolitical framework of the region due to the rise of fascist Italy and Nazi Germany. The ensuing fascist projects offered a particularly violent ideological mixture, preventing any empathy toward ethnic and social groups targeted for persecution.
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31

Zürn, Michael. The Politicization of Authority beyond the Nation State. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198819974.003.0007.

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This chapter argues that the notion of international cooperation as a purely executive, legal, or technocratic matter misses some decisive features of world politics today. International institutions are seen not only by political, but also by societal actors as political institutions exercising public authority requiring legitimacy. Two broad claims are tested. According to the first, the politicization of international institutions can be ascribed to the patterns of authority in the global governance system. The more political authority international institutions exercise, the more attention they attract, the more actors participate in debates and the more polarization in opinions takes place. The second broad claim is that politicization is a double-edged sword. On the one hand, it leads to a broadening of legitimation efforts including participatory and fairness-based narratives. On the other hand, politicization may also lead to a significant legitimacy gap that can undermine the authorities as a whole.
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32

Hood, Christopher, and Rozana Himaz. Rolling Back the State? Fiscal Squeeze, Thatcher-Style. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198779612.003.0008.

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This chapter describes two fiscal squeezes under the Conservative majority-party governments led by Margaret Thatcher in the 1980s. The first comprised a hard post-election squeeze on revenue in the middle of a major recession and mass unemployment, beginning with an abrupt hike in VAT rates in 1979 and severe tax rises in the 1981 budget. The second comprised a strategy of holding down spending increases that led to public expenditure falling relative to GDP (but not in constant price terms) over an extended period as recession was followed by economic recovery from 1983. These periods of squeeze took place in an era of deep polarization between the two main parties and bitter industrial unrest and were fuelled to a considerable extent by sharply increasing North Sea oil revenue and widespread asset sales in the form of privatization of state-owned enterprises that counted as negative expenditure.
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33

American Secession: The Looming American Breakup, and How We Can Prevent It. Encounter Books, 2020.

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34

Nagaosa, N. Multiferroics. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198787075.003.0010.

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This chapter delves into the physics of multiferroics, the recent developments of which are discussed here from the viewpoint of the spin current and “emergent electromagnetism” for constrained systems. It presents the three sources of U(1) gauge fields, namely, the Berry phase associated with the noncollinear spin structure, the spin-orbit interaction (SOI), and the usual electromagnetic field. The chapter reviews multiferroic phenomena in noncollinear magnets from this viewpoint and discusses theories of multiferroic behavior of cycloidal helimagnets in terms of the spin current or vector spin chirality. Relativistic SOI leads to a coupling between the spin current and the electric polarization, and hence the ferroelectric and dielectric responses are a new and important probe for the spin states and their dynamical properties. Microscopic theories of the ground state polarization for various electronic configurations, collective modes including the electromagnon, and some predictions including photoinduced chirality switching are discussed with comparison to experimental results.
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35

Buchwald, Jed Z. Optics in the Nineteenth Century. Edited by Jed Z. Buchwald and Robert Fox. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199696253.013.16.

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This article focuses on developments in optics in the nineteenth century, beginning with concepts and theories on light. It provides a background on eighteenth-century optics, citing the ideas of scientists such as Christiaan Huygens and Charles Coulomb, before discussing experiments on ray optics, polarization, interference, diffraction, and wave particles. It also considers the work of Jean Baptiste Biot, François Arago, Etienne Louis Malus, Augustin Jean Fresnel, and Thomas Young; the controversy between Biot and Arago over the theory of chromatic polarization; the emergence of a new mathematical optics; and experiments on the physical structure of wave optics, the diffraction integral, and unpolarized light. The article concludes with an assessment of the state of optics after 1840.
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36

Takanashi, K., and Y. Sakuraba. Spin polarization in magnets. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198787075.003.0005.

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This chapter explains how the exchange splitting between up- and down-spin bands in ferromagnets unexceptionally generates spin-polarized electronic states at the Fermi energy. The quantity of spin polarization P in ferromagnets is one of the important parameters for application in spintronics, since a ferromagnet having a higher P is able to generate larger various spin-dependent effects such as the magnetoresistance effect, spin transfer torque, spin accumulation, and so on. However, the spin polarizations of general 3d transition metals or alloys generally limit the size of spin-dependent effects. Thus,“‘half-metals” attract much interest as an ideal source of spin current and spin-dependent scattering because they possess perfectly spin-polarized conduction electrons due to the energy band gap in either the up- or down-spin channel at the Fermi level.
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37

Hetherington, Marc J., and Thomas J. Rudolph. Political Trust and Polarization. Edited by Eric M. Uslaner. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190274801.013.15.

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Trust in government in the United States has become increasingly polarized along partisan lines. Republicans and Democrats are now quite reluctant to trust government when the other party is in power. This chapter explores the sources and consequences of polarized political trust. Analysis of panel data suggests that polarized trust is the result of negative affect toward opposing partisans and a motivated reasoning process in which partisans place greater weight on the evaluative criteria that favor their preferred political party. The chapter further shows that polarized trust has important consequences for individuals’ policy preferences. We explain how the polarization of political trust has contributed to ongoing political dysfunction in Washington. In particular, the results suggest that the polarization of trust encourages party leaders to do what is best for their political party even if it is not best for the larger public interest.
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38

Baumer, Donald C., and Howard J. Gold. Parties, Polarization and Democracy in the United States. Routledge, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315633022.

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39

Parties Polarization And Democracy In The United States. Paradigm Publishers, 2010.

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40

Vigdor, Steven E. The Dark Side. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198814825.003.0006.

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Chapter 6 deals with the remaining mysteries in cosmology—dark matter, dark energy, and inflationary expansion—and the experiments aimed at solving them. It reviews the evidence for dark matter, and experiments to detect the microscopic particles proposed as its constituents: weakly interacting massive particles and invisible axions. Contrasts are drawn between the failure to understand the scale of dark energy theoretically and the ambitious new survey telescopes, such as the Large Synoptic Survey Telescope (or LSST), that aim to constrain its equation of state. The theoretical concepts and possible experimental signatures of cosmic inflation are described. Searches for possible imprints from primordial inflation-induced gravitational waves on the polarization of the cosmic microwave background (CMB polarization) are discussed in the context of the pioneering first detection by the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory (or LIGO) of gravitational waves from distant black-hole mergers. Philosophical questions regarding the falsifiability of inflation are raised.
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41

Pestieau, Pierre, and Mathieu Lefebvre. Poverty and Inequality. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198817055.003.0002.

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This chapter is about the state of inequality and poverty in Europe. We observe differences in poverty rates and income inequality across European countries. At the one extreme, there are the Benelux and Nordic countries with little poverty and small inequalities. At the other extreme, there is a mixed group consisting of Southern, Eastern, and Anglo- Saxon countries. Changes in poverty and inequality over time have been rather small. A number of reliable signals, such as aging and restrictive public finance point to an increase of poverty and inequality in the near future. Finally, we show that beyond the traditional social polarization based on income and wealth, there is a deeper and multicausal divide that represents the most serious challenge to our welfare states.
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42

Healey, Richard. Entanglement. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198714057.003.0003.

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Often a pair of quantum systems may be represented mathematically (by a vector) in a way each system alone cannot: the mathematical representation of the pair is said to be non-separable: Schrödinger called this feature of quantum theory entanglement. It would reflect a physical relation between a pair of systems only if a system’s mathematical representation were to describe its physical condition. Einstein and colleagues used an entangled state to argue that its quantum state does not completely describe the physical condition of a system to which it is assigned. A single physical system may be assigned a non-separable quantum state, as may a large number of systems, including electrons, photons, and ions. The GHZ state is an example of an entangled polarization state that may be assigned to three photons.
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43

Polarization and the Politics of Personal Responsibility. Oxford University Press, Incorporated, 2015.

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44

Solutions to political polarization in America. 2015.

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45

The Disappearing Center Engaged Citizens Polarization And American Democracy. Yale University Press, 2011.

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46

1948-, Galster George C., and Hill Edward W, eds. The Metropolis in black & white: Place, power, and polarization. New Brunswick, N.J: Center for Urban Policy Research, 1992.

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47

Darmofal, David, and Ryan Strickler. Demography, Politics, and Partisan Polarization in the United States, 1828–2016. Springer, 2019.

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48

The death of deliberation: Partisanship and polarization in the United States Senate. 2013.

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49

Haggard, Stephan, and Myung-Koo Kang. The Politics of Growth in South Korea. Edited by Carol Lancaster and Nicolas van de Walle. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199845156.013.22.

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This article examines the political origins of South Korea’s rapid economic development in the 1960s and 1970s, with emphasis on the enduring effects of the developmental state era. It begins by considering developments since 1980, including the influence of democratization, the causes and consequences of the financial crisis of 1997–1998, and the market-oriented reforms pursued by the government in the wake of the crisis. It then discusses the legacy of the developmental state era in the coverage of the welfare state, along with the liberalization of the Korean economy beginning in the 1980s. The article documents South Korea’s transition into a market economy, marked by reforms in the financial sector and corporate governance, as well as reforms in foreign direct investment and even labor markets. Finally, it appraises a number of challenges that the Korean political economy must deal with, including growing economic and social polarization, inequality, and the social policy agenda.
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50

Brewer, Mark D., Mack D. Mariani, Jeffrey M. Stonechash, and Jeffrey M. Stonecash. Diverging Parties: Realignment, Social Change, and Political Polarization. Westview Press, 2002.

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