Academic literature on the topic 'State of property'

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Journal articles on the topic "State of property"

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Speer, Ryan. "State Property or Cultural Property?" Journal of Information Ethics 22, no. 2 (September 1, 2013): 102–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.3172/jie.22.2.102.

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Buribaev, Ermek Abiltaevich, and Zhanna Amangeldinovna Khamzina. "State property management." Interactive science, no. 9 (November 21, 2016): 89–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.21661/r-114075.

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Kratochvíl, Petr, and Antonín Lešanovský. "A contractive property in finite state Markov chains." Czechoslovak Mathematical Journal 35, no. 3 (1985): 491–509. http://dx.doi.org/10.21136/cmj.1985.102037.

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Davidse, W. P., L. V. McEwan, and N. Vestergaard. "Property rights in fishing: from state property towards private property?" Marine Policy 23, no. 6 (November 1999): 537–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0308-597x(98)00039-6.

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Anderson, J. "On Privatizing State Property." Voprosy Ekonomiki, no. 12 (December 20, 2004): 54–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.32609/0042-8736-2004-12-54-69.

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The process of privatizing state-owned property assets such as agricultural or manufacturing enterprises is considered in the paper. An optimal timing model is employed to investigate the question of the best time to privatize a state-owned property asset. Beyond the optimal timing question, the author also analyses the simultaneous question of the optimal amount of new fixed investment that should accompany privatization. In both cases, comparative static analysis is employed to determine how fluctuations in net income streams before and after privatization and tax rates that apply to land and capital improvements affect the optimal timing and capital investment decisions. The results provide important insights for the design of privatization policies.
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Paxson, Dean A. "Multiple State Property Options." Journal of Real Estate Finance and Economics 30, no. 4 (June 2005): 341–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11146-005-7012-8.

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Rozovskiy, B. G. "STATE PROPERTY: WHOSE IS IT?" Economics and Law, no. 1 (April 22, 2013): 26–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/econlaw.2013.01.026.

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Aerts, D., and S. Pulmannová. "Representation of state property systems." Journal of Mathematical Physics 47, no. 7 (July 2006): 072105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2217807.

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Aerts, Diederik, and Didier Deses. "State Property Systems and Orthogonality." International Journal of Theoretical Physics 44, no. 7 (July 2005): 919–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10773-005-7069-4.

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Babie, Paul, Paul Leadbeter, and Kyriaco Nikias. "Property, Unbundled Water Entitlements, and Anticommons Tragedies: A Cautionary Tale From Australia." Michigan Journal of Environmental & Administrative Law, no. 9.1 (2020): 107. http://dx.doi.org/10.36640/mjeal.9.1.property.

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As water becomes an increasingly scarce resource, a lack of clarity in relation to its use can produce both conflict among and inefficient use by users. In order to encourage markets in water and to ensure the viability and functionality of those markets, governments in many jurisdictions have moved away from commons property as a means of water allocation, and towards systems of private property in water. In doing so, one policy and legal option is “unbundling”, which seeks carefully to define both the entitlement to water and its separation into constituent parts. Advocates claim that unbundling makes water rights easier to value, monitor, and trade. But is unbundling the most efficient means of allocating water use rights? Or might such fragmentation produce what has come to be called an “anticommons tragedy”? To answer these questions, this article contains four parts. The Introduction provides the legal background to the modern means of allocating the use of water amongst competing, or rivalrous, users. Part I considers the theoretical nature of property, and the way in which such theory might be extended to water allocation through unbundling. Part II presents unbundling as it has been implemented in the Australian state of South Australia. This allows us to assess the extent to which the stated policy rationale for unbundling—certainty and transferability of entitlements—has been achieved and the extent to which this is a desirable outcome. Our analysis can be applied to any jurisdiction, most notably the arid and semi-arid southwestern United States, considering unbundling as a legal and policy option for the allocation of water use. The Conclusion reflects upon the potential for unbundling water entitlements in arid or semi-arid environments. The South Australian experience reveals a reluctance to embrace unbundling, both on the part of the state in terms of implementing, and on the part of market actors holding existing proprietary interests in water. This reluctance ought to be viewed by other jurisdictions as a warning about the effectiveness and efficiency of unbundling. We show that unbundling efforts may not only fail to provide efficiency gains, but also, and much more worryingly, may in fact drive anticommons tragedies that entirely inhibit any beneficial use. We propose that our anecdotal and theoretical analysis of South Australia requires empirical research both in Australia and in other jurisdictions climatologically, hydrologically, and in underlying legal framework, similar to Australia. Such empirical research will test our conclusions in relation to South Australia, both in respect to the operation of the water market and as to the behavior of market actors.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "State of property"

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Gallon, Daniel. "Structure-property relationships in solid state chemistry." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.270616.

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Bezuidenhout, Karen. "Compensation for excessive but otherwise lawful regulatory state action." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/96819.

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Thesis (LLD)--Stellenbosch University, 2015
ENGLISH ABSTRACT : Section 25 of the South African Constitution authorises and sets the limits for two forms of legitimate regulatory interference with property, namely deprivation and expropriation. The focus of this dissertation is on the requirement in section 25(1) that no law may authorise arbitrary deprivation of property. According to the Constitutional Court, deprivation is arbitrary when there is insufficient reason for it. The Court listed a number of factors to consider in determining whether there is a sufficient relationship between the purpose to be achieved by deprivation and the regulatory method chosen to achieve it. The outcome of the arbitrariness question depends on the level of scrutiny applied in a particular case. The level of scrutiny ranges from rationality review to proportionality review. Deprivation that results in an excessively harsh regulatory burden for one or a small group of property owners will probably be substantively arbitrary and in conflict with section 25(1). Courts generally declare unconstitutional regulatory interferences with property rights invalid. However, invalidating legitimate regulatory measures that are otherwise lawful purely because they impose a harsh and excessive burden on some property owners may not always be justified if the regulatory measure fulfils an important regulatory purpose. Invalidating excessive regulatory measures may in some instances also be meaningless and may not constitute appropriate relief in vindicating the affected rights. The purpose of this dissertation is to investigate the appropriateness of alternative solutions to invalidating otherwise lawful and legitimate but excessive regulatory deprivations of property. The goal is to identify remedies that allow courts to uphold the regulatory measure and simultaneously balance out the excessive regulatory burden it imposes on property owners. One alternative solution is to transform the excessive regulatory measure into expropriation and require the state to pay compensation to the affected owner. This approach is referred to as constructive expropriation. However, in view of the Constitutional Court’s approach to and the wording of section 25 it seems unlikely that it will adopt constructive expropriation as a solution. Another alternative solution is for the legislature to include a statutory provision for compensation in the authorising statute. Examples from German, French, Dutch and Belgian law show that this approach balances out the excessive regulatory burden and allows courts to uphold the otherwise lawful and legitimate but excessive regulatory statute without judicially transforming the deprivation into expropriation. An overview of South African law indicates that there is legislation that includes non-expropriatory compensation provisions. In cases where the regulatory statute does not contain a compensation provision, the courts might consider reading such a duty to pay compensation into the legislation or awarding constitutional damages. In conclusion, it is possible for the state to deprive owners of property in a manner that may result in an excessive regulatory burden being suffered by one or a small group of property owners if the regulatory purpose is necessary in the public interest, provided that the legislature explicitly or implicitly provides for non-expropriatory compensation in the regulatory statute.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING : Artikel 25 van die Suid Afrikaanse Grondwet magtig en stel grense daar vir twee regmatige vorme van regulerende staatsinmenging met eiendom, naamlik ontneming en onteiening. Die fokus van hierdie proefskrif is op die vereiste in artikel 25(1) dat geen wet arbitrêre ontneming van eiendom mag toelaat nie. Volgens die Grondwetlike Hof is ʼn ontneming arbitrêr as daar nie ʼn voldoende rede daarvoor is nie. Die Hof het faktore gelys wat oorweeg moet word om te bepaal of daar ʼn voldoende verhouding bestaan tussen die doel wat die staat met ontneming van eiendom nastreef en die regulerende maatreël wat vir die doel gebruik word. Die uitkoms van die toets vir arbitrêre ontneming hang af van die hersieningsstandaard wat die howe in ʼn spesifieke geval gebruik. Die standaard wissel van ʼn redelikheidstoets tot ʼn proporsionaliteitstoets. ʼn Ontneming wat ʼn oormatige swaar las op een of ʼn beperkte groep eienaars plaas sal waarskynlik arbitrêr en teenstrydig met artikel 25(1) wees. Die howe se benadering is om ongrondwetlike ontnemings van eiendom ongeldig te verklaar, maar dit is nie altyd geregverdig om toelaatbare en andersins regmatige ontnemings wat ʼn oormatige las op sommige eienaars plaas ongeldig te verklaar nie. Die ongeldigverklaring van wetgewing wat ʼn oormatige ontneming magtig mag soms ook nutteloos wees en nie ʼn gepaste remedie wees om die eienaar se regte te herstel nie. Die doel van hierdie proefskrif is om die geskiktheid van alternatiewe oplossings tot die ongeldigverklaring van andersins regmatige maar oormatige ontnemings van eiendom te ondersoek Die doel is om remedies te identifiseer wat die howe toelaat om regulerende ontnemings in stand te hou en terselfdertyd die oormatige las op enkele eienaars uit te balanseer. Een alternatiewe oplossing is om die oormatige ontneming te omskep in onteiening en die staat sodoende te verplig om aan die eienaar vergoeding te betaal. Hierdie benadering staan bekend as konstruktiewe onteiening. Gegewe die Grondwetlike Hof se benadering tot en die bewoording van artikel 25 is dit onwaarskynlik dat die howe konstruktiewe ontneming as ʼn oplossing sal aanvaar. ʼn Ander alternatiewe oplossing is vir die wetgewer om ʼn statutêre bepaling vir vergoeding in die magtigende wetgewing in te voeg. Voorbeelde uit die Duitse, Franse, Nederlandse en Belgiese reg toon aan dat hierdie benadering ʼn oormatige las kan uitbalanseer en die howe toelaat om die andersins geldige en regmatige ontneming in stand te hou sonder om dit in onteiening te omskep. ʼn Oorsig van Suid Afrikaanse reg dui aan dat daar wetgewing bestaan wat wel voorsiening maak vir sodanige vergoeding. In gevalle waar die magtigende wetgewing nie vergoeding voorsien nie kan die howe oorweeg om ʼn vergoedingsplig in die wet in te lees of om grondwetlike vergoeding toe te ken. Hierdie proefskrif kom tot die gevolgtrekking dat dit grondwetlik moontlik is vir die staat om eienaars van eiendom te ontneem op ʼn wyse wat soms daartoe kan lei dat enkele eienaars ʼn oormatige swaar las moet dra, mits die ontneming ʼn belangrike openbare doel dien en die wetgewer uitdruklik of implisiet voorsiening maak vir vergoeding.
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Mengilli, Isildak Funda. "State, Property Owners And Barter System In Conservation Field." Master's thesis, METU, 2010. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12612833/index.pdf.

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A conservation approach developed without considering the conflicts and inequalities of political, economic and social fields can not achieve that purpose of conservation of historical and cultural values as well as engendering conflicts within relations of property relations-conservation field, social justice-conservation field and tensions between relations of property owners in areas planned to be conserved &ndash
and- state. Justified as a preference of transferring from private to public ownership of the areas those should be conserved and as a tool for solution of problems arising from restrictions on property rights of property owners, the &lsquo
barter&rsquo
system, on the one hand is becoming dysfunctional because of the contradictions between legal regulations and implementation practices, is used as a tool for production rents in reaction to the vulnerability to economic and political speculative pressures
on the other hand as being a sensitive system to inequalities in society, it deepens the disadvantageous state of property owners and produces tensions between conservation field-property owners-and-state
accordingly the justified purpose can not be realized. These findings constituting the focus of the study, verifies the necessity to reproduce the policies at &lsquo
barter&rsquo
system, justified as a conservation tool and a tool to solve the inequality problems produced while performing the conservation aim, and policies of conservation field as well.
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Hodson, P. D. "Magnetic property control in ferromagnetic amorphous alloys." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.373248.

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Pindoria, Ravji Dhanji. "Microstructure-property investigations of zinc oxide varistors." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/8459.

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Soria, Dall’Orso Carlos Antonio Martín. "Understanding land tenure and the dimension of the territory: Land, territory, private property, public property and communal property." Derecho & Sociedad, 2017. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/118996.

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The author analyzes the land tenure and size of the territory and the different perspectives of understanding the property, starting with the western angle of private property, with the individualistic nuance, through public ownership with its nuance of State resources, and finally by the idea of communal property with the collectivist hue, whose ownership lies not with the individual, or the state, but on a group previously identified as culturally consolidated.
El autor realiza un análisis sobre la tenencia de la tierra y la dimensión del territorio, así como de las diferentes perspectivas de entender la propiedad, empezando por el ángulo occidental de la propiedad privada, con el matiz individualista, pasando por la propiedad pública con su matiz de recurso estatal, y, finalmente, por la idea de propiedad comunal con el matiz colectivista, cuya titularidad no recae sobre el individuo, o sobre el Estado, sino sobre un colectivo previamente identificado como culturalmente consolidado.
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Carrasquel, Romero Isha C. "Structure-property quantification and modeling related to crashworthiness." Master's thesis, Mississippi State : Mississippi State University, 2008. http://library.msstate.edu/etd/show.asp?etd=etd-07102008-140429.

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Tucker, Matthew Taylor. "Structure-property stress state dependent relationships under varying strain rates." Diss., Mississippi State : Mississippi State University, 2009. http://library.msstate.edu/etd/show.asp?etd=etd-04022009-091044.

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Tucker, Matthew T. "STRUCTURE-PROPERTY STRESS STATE DEPENDENT RELATIONSHIPS UNDER VARYING STRAIN RATES." MSSTATE, 2009. http://sun.library.msstate.edu/ETD-db/theses/available/etd-04022009-091044/.

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In this work, understanding the microstructural effects on stress state and strain rate dependent plasticity, damage, and failure of aluminum and magnesium alloys were examined. Several experimental techniques were employed to implement the test data into a physics-based internal state variable plasticity-damage model. Effects arising from various strain rates, stress states, and material orientations were quantified and discussed within the framework of linking microstructural features to mechanical properties. The method developed for determining structure-property relations was validated by accurately capturing the effects for a variety of materials and loading conditions. The end result is a methodology capable of predicting the onset of damage and failure for a material loaded under complex dynamic conditions.
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Ragauskienė, Erika. "Economic analysis of state property and the transformation of its management." Doctoral thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2011. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2011~D_20111213_150405-28458.

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Object of the research – state-owned property. Purpose of the research – to assess the condition of state property’s potential, to substantiate its valuation instruments and to suggest necessary changes to the active part of the state property management model. In the study a systemic analysis of state property concepts, classification, accounting and management was conducted and provisions for the transformation of the management strategy for property disposed of by state enterprises (important state commercial property) have been suggested.
Mokslinio darbo objektas – valstybei nuosavybės teise priklausantis turtas. Darbo tikslas – įvertinti valstybės turto potencialo būklę, pagrįsti jo vertinimo instrumentus ir numatyti būtinus valstybės turto aktyviosios dalies valdymo modelio pokyčius. Moksliniame darbe atlikta sisteminė valstybės turto sampratos, klasifikavimo, apskaitos ir valdymo analizė ir numatytos valstybės įmonių disponuojamo turto (svarbaus valstybės komercinio turto) valdymo strategijos transformacijos prielaidos.
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Books on the topic "State of property"

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Property of the state. Scottsdale, AZ: Poisoned Pen Press, 2016.

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Kumar, Dharma. Colonialism, property, and the state. Delhi: Oxford University Press, 1998.

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Huffman, James L. Private Property and State Power. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137376725.

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Howell, Elizabeth. Property profits outside your home state. San Ramon, Calif. (2110 Omega Rd., Ste. A, San Ramon 94583): Impact Pub. Co., 1985.

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Acemoglu, Daron. State-dependent intellectual property rights policy. Cambridge, MA: Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Economics, 2006.

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Acemoglu, Daron. State-dependent intellectual property rights policy. Cambridge, Mass: National Bureau of Economic Research, 2006.

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Crabtree, David E. State and local taxation: Property tax. St. Paul, Minn: West Group, 1999.

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Adams, Sylvia. State programs compensating local governments for state-owned property, 1989. Albany, N.Y: State Board of Equalization and Assessment, State of New York, 1989.

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Norris, Michelle. Property, Family and the Irish Welfare State. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-44567-0.

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California. Bureau of State Audits. State-owned intellectual property: Opportunities exist for the state to improve administration of its copyrights, trademarks, patents, and trade secrets. Sacramento, Calif. (555 Capitol Mall, Sacramento 95814): The Bureau, 2000.

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Book chapters on the topic "State of property"

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St. Germain, Jim. "State Property." In The Palgrave International Handbook of Youth Imprisonment, 185–204. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-68759-5_9.

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Hill Green, Thomas. "7 / The Right of the State In Regard to Property." In Property, edited by C. B. MacPherson, 101–18. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/9781442627918-008.

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Huffman, James L. "What Is Property?" In Private Property and State Power, 33–60. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137376725_3.

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Alston, Lee J., and Bernardo Mueller. "Property Rights and the State." In Handbook of New Institutional Economics, 573–90. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-69305-5_23.

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Stevens, Marco. "Pure State Extensions in Linear Algebra." In The Kadison-Singer Property, 3–10. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-47702-2_2.

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Stevens, Marco. "State Spaces and the Kadison-Singer Property." In The Kadison-Singer Property, 11–21. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-47702-2_3.

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Huffman, James L. "Introduction." In Private Property and State Power, 1–4. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137376725_1.

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Huffman, James L. "Property and Government: An Unavoidable Tension." In Private Property and State Power, 5–31. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137376725_2.

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Huffman, James L. "Philosophical Justifications." In Private Property and State Power, 61–90. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137376725_4.

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Huffman, James L. "Economic Explanations." In Private Property and State Power, 91–126. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137376725_5.

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Conference papers on the topic "State of property"

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Takagi, S., N. Matsuo, K. Yamana, A. Heya, T. Takada, and S. Yokoyama. "Electrical Property of DNA FET -Charge Retention Property-." In 2011 International Conference on Solid State Devices and Materials. The Japan Society of Applied Physics, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.7567/ssdm.2011.p-4-4.

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Ramachandran, T., N. E. Rajeevan, P. P. Pradyumnan, Alka B. Garg, R. Mittal, and R. Mukhopadhyay. "Thermoelectric Property of Cobalt Oxide Films." In SOLID STATE PHYSICS, PROCEEDINGS OF THE 55TH DAE SOLID STATE PHYSICS SYMPOSIUM 2010. AIP, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3606207.

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Mondal, Rajkumar, Barnali Bhattacharya, Jyotirmoy Deb, and Utpal Sarkar. "Electron transport property of tetrathiafulvalene molecule." In DAE SOLID STATE PHYSICS SYMPOSIUM 2015. Author(s), 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4948042.

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Shah, N. A., D. D. Pandya, C. M. Thaker, Sanjay Kansara, P. S. Solanki, C. L. Prajapat, M. R. Singh, S. Rayaprol, and D. G. Kuberkar. "Structure-property correlations in La1-xNaxMnO3 manganites." In SOLID STATE PHYSICS: Proceedings of the 56th DAE Solid State Physics Symposium 2011. AIP, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4710409.

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Kliuchnikov, V. S. "State as a subject of property responsibility." In ТЕНДЕНЦИИ РАЗВИТИЯ НАУКИ И ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ. НИЦ «Л-Журнал», 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.18411/lj-09-2018-44.

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Dwyer, Matthew B., George S. Avrunin, and James C. Corbett. "Property specification patterns for finite-state verification." In the second workshop. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/298595.298598.

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Biktashaev, Ainur Alfritovich. "Evaluation of efficiency of state property management." In IV International Scientific and Practical Conference, chair Tatyana Vladimirovna Maleeva. TSNS Interaktiv Plus, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.21661/r-118470.

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Rabih, Diana El, Nihal Pekergin, Gaël Gorgo, and Jean-Marc Vincent. "Steady-state property verification: a comparison study." In Fourth International Workshop on Verification and Evaluation of Computer and Communication Systems (VECoS 2010). BCS Learning & Development, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.14236/ewic/vecos2010.12.

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Ogawa, Takayo, Yoshiharu Urata, Satoshi Wada, Koichi Onodera, Hiroshi Machida, Hideaki Sagae, Mikio Higuchi, and Kohei Kodaira. "879nm-LD-pumped Nd:GdVO4 laser and its thermal property." In Advanced Solid-State Photonics. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/assp.2004.293.

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Ogawa, Takayo, Yoshiharu Urata, Satoshi Wada, Koichi Onodera, Hiroshi Machida, Hideaki Sagae, Mikio Higuchi, and Kohei Kodaira. "879nm-LD-pumped Nd:GdVO4 laser and its thermal property." In Advanced Solid-State Photonics. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/assp.2004.mb2.

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Reports on the topic "State of property"

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Acemoglu, Daron, and Ufuk Akcigit. State-Dependent Intellectual Property Rights Policy. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, December 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w12775.

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Besley, Timothy, and Torsten Persson. The Origins of State Capacity: Property Rights, Taxation, and Politics. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, April 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w13028.

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Knudson, Marcus D., and Michael Paul Desjarlais. Equation of state and transport property measurements of warm dense matter. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1001017.

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Cory, K., J. Coughlin, and C. Coggeshall. Solar Photovoltaic Financing: Deployment on Public Property by State and Local Governments. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/928900.

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Nechyba, Thomas. Local Property and State Income Taxes: The Role of Interjurisdictional Competition and Collusion. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, January 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w5419.

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Petroni, Kathy, and Douglas Shackelford. Managing Annual Accounting Reports to Avoid State Taxes: An Analysis of Property-Casualty Insurers. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, June 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w6590.

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Kilgore, Michael A., Paul B. Ellefson, Travis J. Funk, and Gregory E. Frey. State property tax incentives for promoting ecosystem goods and services from private forest land in the United States: a review and analysis. Asheville, NC: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Southern Research Station, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/srs-gtr-228.

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Kilgore, Michael A., Paul B. Ellefson, Travis J. Funk, and Gregory E. Frey. State property tax incentives for promoting ecosystem goods and services from private forest land in the United States: a review and analysis. Asheville, NC: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Southern Research Station, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/srs-gtr-228.

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Cooke, April, and John Slotwinski. Properties of Metal Powders for Additive Manufacturing: A Review of the State of the Art of Metal Powder Property Testing. National Institute of Standards and Technology, August 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/nist.ir.7873.

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Colomb, Claire, and Tatiana Moreira de Souza. Regulating Short-Term Rentals: Platform-based property rentals in European cities: the policy debates. Property Research Trust, May 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.52915/kkkd3578.

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Abstract:
Short-term rentals mediated by digital platforms have positive and negative impacts that are unevenly distributed among socio-economic groups and places. Detrimental impacts on the housing market and quality of life of long-term residents have been particular contentious in some cities. • In the 12 cities studied in the report (Amsterdam, Barcelona, Berlin, Brussels, Lisbon, London, Madrid, Milan, Paris, Prague, Rome and Vienna), city governments have responded differently to the growth of short-term rentals. • The emerging local regulations of short-term rentals take multiple forms and exhibit various degrees of stringency, ranging from rare cases of laissez-faire to a few cases of partial prohibition or strict quantitative control. Most city governments have sought to find a middle-ground approach that differentiates between the professional rental of whole units and the occasional rental of one’s home/ primary residence. • The regulation of short-term rentals is contentious and highly politicised. Six broad categories of interest groups and non-state actors actively participate in the debates with contrasting positions: advocates of the ‘sharing’ or ‘collaborative’ economy; corporate platforms; professional organisatons of short-term rental operators; new associations of hosts or ‘home-sharers’; the hotel and hospitality industry; and residents’ associations/citizens’ movements. • All city governments face difficulties in implementing and enforcing the regulations, due to a lack of sufficient resources and to the absence of accurate and comprehensive data on individual hosts. That data is held by corporate platforms, which have generally not accepted to release it (with a few exceptions) nor to monitor the content of their listings against local rules. • The relationships between platforms and city governments have oscillated between collaboration and conflict. Effective implementation is impossible without the cooperation of platforms. • In the context of the European Union, the debate has taken a supranational dimension, as two pieces of EU law frame the possibility — and acceptable forms — of regulation of online platforms and of short-term rentals in EU member states: the 2000 E-Commerce Directive and the 2006 Services Directive. • For regulation to be effective, the EU legal framework should be revised to ensure platform account- ability and data disclosure. This would allow city (and other ti ers of) governments to effectively enforce the regulations that they deem appropriate. • Besides, national and regional governments, who often control the legislative framework that defines particular types of short-term rentals, need to give local governments the necessary tools to be able to exercise their ‘right to regulate’ in the name of public interest objectives.
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