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1
Elton, Robb. "The Absentee Formal Education in Prison Guard Hiring Traditions: Extrapolating Pareto Distance to Inform Personnel Optimality for Corrections Agencies." Journal of Management and Strategy 13, no. 1 (May 10, 2022): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/jms.v13n1p39.
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The educated corrections officer/guard is sufficiently schooled in the relevant social science area and possesses sufficient theoretical knowledge such that the quality of work, purpose, and goals of incarceration could be met. Thus, the desire to bring professionalism into the field of corrections has been recognized for many decades, particularly after the Attica tragedy of 1971. However, in pursuit of adequate staffing levels many factors (geography, for example) diminish the ability of prisons and correctional facilities to obtain formally educated employees. This mixed-methods research aimed to first identify prison policies through random selection of state corrections agencies in the United States (n=20) that may allow certain years of service as a substitute for a bachelor’s degree in social sciences at hire. Secondly, there was a need to define how to calculate Pareto Distance (PD) as an indicator of incongruous education standards as to prison guards, and third, substantiate recommendations for benchmark employment to at least 1-in-5 guards with a baccalaureate. Unfortunately, the results were compelling. The majority of states permit teenagers to apply to work as prison guards. The incarceration rate is closely tied to the education level throughout the state. The Pareto Distance, however, represents a prospective benchmark for optimality where insufficient numbers of educated personnel are available to effectively operate a prison.
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Andreev, Alexander Alekseevich, and Anton Petrovich Ostroushko. "Sergey Sergeyevich YUDIN - Academician of the USSR Academy of Medical Sciences (to the 130th of birthday)." Journal of Experimental and Clinical Surgery 14, no. 3 (August 20, 2021): 250–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.18499/2070-478x-2021-14-3-250-251.
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Sergey Sergeevich was born in 1891. He graduated from the medical faculty of Moscow University. He served as an ordinary doctor, head of a sanitary detachment, a doctor of an infantry regiment, a surgical infirmary, a surgical department of the Tula Zemsky hospital, the Zakharino sanatorium near Moscow, a factory hospital in Serpukhov. From 1925 to 1927, S. S. Yudin worked as a private assistant professor, since 1928-head of the surgical department of the N. V. Sklifosovsky Research Institute of Emergency Medicine. In 1930, he first performed a transfusion of fibrinolysis blood to a person. During the Great Patriotic War, he was a senior consultant inspector at the Chief surgeon of the Soviet Army, N. N. Burdenko. In 1948, he was awarded the State Prize and arrested as an "enemy of the Soviet state". During his stay in prison (1948-1952), Sergey Sergeevich, despite having suffered another heart attack, writes a book "Reflections of a surgeon", which is published after the author's death. In March 1952, S. S. Yudin was exiled in the city of Berdsk, and then in Novosibirsk, where he continues to conduct surgical interventions. In 1953, S. S. Yudin was rehabilitated by the decision of a Special meeting under the Minister of Internal Affairs of the USSR. S. S. Yudin died of a heart attack on June 12, 1954. Sergey Sergeyevich Yudin is the author of 15 monographs and 181 printed scientific papers, including the monograph "Spinal anesthesia", recognized as the best book on medicine in the USSR, the two-volume manual "Notes on military field surgery" and the book "Reflections of a surgeon".Sergey Sergeyevich Yudin-academician of the USSR Academy of Medical Sciences (1944), honorary member of the English, American, French, Czech Societies of Surgeons, Honorary Doctor of the Sorbonne (1946). He was awarded the Orders of Lenin (1943), the Red Star (1942), the Red Banner (1944, 1945) and the St. George Medal. Memorial plaques dedicated to S. S. Yudin are installed on the facades of the buildings of the N. V. Sklifosovsky Institute (1959), the historical building of the Serpukhov Central Hospital. A bust of S. S. Yudin is installed in front of the building of the Children's Clinical Hospital in Novosibirsk.
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MacDonald, Scott. "The Landscape of Futurelessness: An Interview with Brett Story." Film Quarterly 72, no. 1 (2018): 50–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/fq.2018.72.1.50.
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Canadian Brett Story's most recent film, The Prison in Twelve Landscapes (2016), explores the American prison system, as well as the traditional sense of “landscape,” in an unusual way: except for the film's final shot, a drive-by of Attica State Prison nestled in the countryside of west-central New York State, we see no prisoners and no prison buildings—and few spaces we could call landscapes. Story's panoramic film reveals the multitude of ways in which the prison system is hidden in plain sight throughout the United States. In Scott MacDonald's interview with Story, the filmmaker explains the film's unusual approach and structure—as well as the struggle involved in getting the film made. Story's modest budget is the ultimate irony of The Prison in Twelve Landscapes, given the fact that the American prison system is the world's most extensive, and no doubt most expensive, system of incarceration on the planet.
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Cloyes, Kristin G., Bob Wong, Seth Latimer, and Jose Abarca. "Time to Prison Return for Offenders With Serious Mental Illness Released From Prison." Criminal Justice and Behavior 37, no. 2 (January 4, 2010): 175–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0093854809354370.
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Serious mental illness (SMI) represents a major risk for repeated incarceration, yet recidivism studies often do not specifically focus on persons with SMI as compared to non-SMI offenders. The study reported here systematically identified Utah State prisoners released from 1998 to 2002 ( N = 9,245) who meet criteria for SMI and compared SMI and non-SMI offenders on length of time to prison return. Findings indicate that 23% of the sample met criteria for SMI ( n = 2,112). Moreover, survival analyses demonstrated a significant difference in return rates and community tenure for offenders with SMI compared to non-SMI offenders when controlling for demographics, condition of release, offense type, and condition of return (parole violation vs. new commitment). The median time for all SMI offenders to return to prison was 385 days versus 743 days for all non-SMI offenders, 358 days sooner ( p < .001). Implications of these findings are discussed.
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Cavalcante Virgulino Ribeiro Nascimento e Gama, Giliarde Benavinuto Albuquerque. "A LOOK AT THE UNCONSTITUTIONAL STATE OF AFFAIRS RECOGNIZED BY THE SUPREME COURT OF BRAZIL." RECIMA21 - Revista Científica Multidisciplinar - ISSN 2675-6218 4, no. 1 (January 15, 2023): e412624. http://dx.doi.org/10.47820/recima21.v4i1.2624.
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Approaching factors of multiple orders and touching the national Penitentiary and Prison System is to seek to understand the roots and constraints of the formal and legal structure assumed by penal establishments that, today, are recognized as an “Unconstitutional State of Things” due to decision, in 2020, in the Argument of Non-compliance with Fundamental Precept n. 347 at the Honorable Court of the Federative Republic of Brazil. First of all, here we have bibliographical research (supported by literature of political and legal classics, eg, Immanuel Kant, Norberto Bobbio), documental ( vg Constitutions of 1824 and 1988, angular and underlyingly supported) and jurisprudential (Arguição de Descumprimento of Fundamental Precept - ADPF n. 347 sustained in a jusphilosophical construct), with a qualitative and interdisciplinary focus, on the recognition of the "Unconstitutional State of Things" to fall on the Prison System in Brazil with a view to critically and reflexively understanding the prison environment and the vectors that affirm the “state of affairs”.
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LACHANCE-McCULLOUGH, MALCOLM L., JAMES M. TESORIERO, MARTIN D. SORIN, and ANDREW STERN. "HIV Infection among New York State Female Inmates: Preliminary Results of a Voluntary Counseling and Testing Program." Prison Journal 74, no. 2 (June 1994): 198–219. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0032855594074002004.
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New York State's prison population has the highest seroprevalence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) among incarcerated populations in the United States. Five percent of the State prison inmate population is female. To date there have been few studies of incarcerated females in New York State (NYS). Seroprevalence rates have ranged from 18.9% to as high as 29%. In 1991, counselors from the New York State Department of Health (NYSDOH) AIDS Institute's Criminal Justice Initiative, in collaboration with the State's Department of Correctional Services (NYSDOCS), began to offer educational services and anonymous pretest counseling, HIV antibody testing, and posttest counseling to NYS female prisoners. With preliminary program testing data (N = 216) descriptive and multivariate techniques are used to evaluate the demographic and risk-related behaviors associated with HIV infection among female inmates in this voluntary HIV testing program. Results are discussed in light of previous research findings regarding the correlates of HIV seropositivity among New York State prison inmates and compared to previous blinded epidemiological studies of female inmates in the State. Future research, addressing the limitations of this preliminary study, is proposed.
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Fliss, Mike Dolan, Jennifer Lao, BS, Forrest Behne, BS, and Lauren Brinkley-Rubinstein. "Few Prison Systems Release Individual Death Data: Death in Custody Reporting Act Completeness, Speed, and Compliance." Journal of Public Health Management & Practice 30, no. 3 (April 10, 2024): 424–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/phh.0000000000001893.
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The United States has one of the largest incarcerated populations per capita. Prisons are dangerous environments, with high in-prison and postrelease mortality. The Death in Custody Reporting Acts (DCRAs) of 2000 and 2013 require deaths of people in correctional custody or caused by law enforcement to be reported to the Bureau of Justice Assistance. These deaths must be reported within 3 months of the death and include 10 required fields (eg, age, cause of death). There is no public reporting requirement. Our Third City Mortality project tracks near-real-time data about individual deaths released publicly and prison system metadata, including data completeness and release speed, across (N = 54) US state, federal (N = 2; Bureau of Prisons, Immigration and Customs Enforcement), Washington, District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico prison systems. Twenty-one (38%) systems release no individual death data; 13 systems release incomplete data slower than 1 year; 19 release timely, but incomplete, death data; and only one system (Iowa) releases complete and timely data. Incomplete, untimely, public prison mortality data limit protective community responses and epidemiology.
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Welsh, Wayne N. "A Multisite Evaluation of Prison-Based Therapeutic Community Drug Treatment." Criminal Justice and Behavior 34, no. 11 (November 2007): 1481–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0093854807307036.
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A quasi-experimental study examined multiple postrelease outcomes up to 2 years for inmates who participated in therapeutic community (TC) drug treatment programs ( n = 217) or comparison groups ( n = 491) at five state prisons. Statistical controls included level of need for treatment, current and prior criminal history, and postrelease employment. Prison TC was effective even without mandatory community aftercare, although main effects and interactions varied somewhat across different outcome measures and sites. TC significantly reduced rearrest and reincarceration rates but not drug relapse rates. Postrelease employment predicted drug relapse and reincarceration, and employment interacted with age to predict rearrest. Two sites had higher drug relapse rates than the other three. Implications for research and policy are discussed.
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Djannaro Eliamen da Costa, Vitor, Italla Maria Pinheiro Bezerra, Carlos Eduardo Siqueira, Francisco Naildo Cardoso Leitão, Leonardo Gomes da Silva, Blanca Elena Guerrero Daboin, Khalifa Elmusharaf, and Luiz Carlos de Abreu. "Outcome Measure Epidemiological of Female Inmates in West Amazon, Brazil." Journal of Human Growth and Development 32, no. 1 (January 31, 2022): 92–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.36311/jhgd.v32.12616.
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Introduction: the prison system in the Brazilian state of Acre, located in the Western region of the Amazon, is a branch of the criminal justice system that has been suffering from issues such as overcrowding and growth in internal organized crime. The prevalence of these matters directly affects the resocialization of prisoners and inhibits the successful re-engineering of their social values and beliefs. Objective: to analyze the epidemiological profile of jailed women in the State of Acre, Brazil. Methods: in a cross-sectional descriptive study, 129 participants were recruited from female penitentiaries in the state of Acre. Conducted between August and December of 2017, data was collected through a validated questionnaire, divided into modules, using both open and closed-ended items. Results: we found that most women who participated in the study were single (n = 86, 66.7%), had brown skin (n = 93, 72.1%), had children (n=102, 79.1%), resided in the state of Acre (n=117, 90.5%). The mean age of the sample was 27.69 years. Among those participants who reported having partners (n = 40, 31%), we found that half had partners who were also incarcerated (n = 20, 50%). The study results also indicate that drug trafficking (n = 86, 66.7%) was the major cause for female incarceration, followed by homicide crime (n = 16, 12.4%). Over half of the participants were in prison for the first time (n = 75, 58.1%), with a high recidivism rate observed in the total sample (n = 54, 41.9%). A majority of the participants (n = 97, 75.2%) kept in touch with members of their families and a smaller portion (n = 15, 11.6%) received conjugal visits. With regard to social activities, slightly more than half (n = 75, 58.1%) worked and the majority (n = 114, 88.4%) did not study while jailed. Conclusion: the difficulties associated with accessing inmate data and the lack of peer-reviewed studies on inmate health in Brazil suggests that the public policies recommended by the PNSSP and the National Policy for Comprehensive Health Care for Women should be reevaluated.
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Maskevich, Ekaterina, and Boris Tikhomirov. "“…As We Were Awaiting Our Future Fate in Prison”: Dostoevsky in Tobolsk on January 9—20, 1850." Неизвестный Достоевский 8, no. 3 (September 2021): 5–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.15393/j10.art.2021.5503.
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The article uses new archival materials, supplemented by a critical analysis of existing printed sources, to analyze Dostoevsky’s 12-day stay in the Tobolsk transit prison on January 9–20, 1850. The authors focus on the meeting of the Decembrists’ wives (N. D. Fonvizina, P. E. Annenkova, etc.) with the Petrashevites in the apartment of the caretaker of the Tobolsk prison castle. According to archival sources, a number of documents that state the name of the prison warden (Ivan Gavrilovich Korepanov) have been published, and his biographical information is provided according to the form list, supplemented by the testimonies of memoirists. In the light of the new data, a number of important clarifications were made to the narrative of the meeting in the apartment of I. G. Korepanov. V. N. Zakharov observed that there is no mention of the transfer of the Gospels to the Petrashevites in the detailed description of this scene, presented in the letter by N. D. Fonvizina. The authors further develop this observation, providing biographical information about the gendarme captain Alexander Smalkov (Smolkov), who performed this mission on behalf of N. D. Fonvizina, by handing Dostoevsky and his comrades copies of the New Testament, and showing how to extract the money glued inside it from the binding and how to hide it again. They cite observations that confirm the assumption that Smalkov assisted N. D. Fonvizina and M. D. Frantseva to negotiate with gendarmes Korolenko and Nasonov. The latter two accompanied Dostoevsky and Durov to Omsk, and arranged for them to meet with the Petrashevites on the winter road, 8 versts from Tobolsk, and to send a letter to I. V. ZhdanPushkin asking for help for the exiles upon their arrival in the Omsk prison.
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Decker, Scott H., and David C. Pyrooz. "The imprisonment-extremism nexus: Continuity and change in activism and radicalism intentions in a longitudinal study of prisoner reentry." PLOS ONE 15, no. 11 (November 30, 2020): e0242910. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0242910.
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There is considerable speculation that prisons are a breeding ground for radicalization. These concerns take on added significance in the era of mass incarceration in the United States, where 1.5 million people are held in state or federal prisons and around 600,000 people are released from prison annually. Prior research relies primarily on the speculation of prison officials, media representations, and/or cross-sectional designs to understand the imprisonment-extremism nexus. We develop a tripartite theoretical model to examine continuity and change in activism and radicalism intentions upon leaving prison. We test these models using data from a large probability sample of prisoners (N = 802) in Texas interviewed in the week preceding their release from prison and then reinterviewed 10 months later using a validated scale of activism and radicalism intentions. We arrive at three primary conclusions. First, levels of activism decline upon reentry to the community (d = -0.30, p < .01), while levels of radicalism largely remain unchanged (d = -0.08, p = .28). What is learned and practiced in prison appears to quickly lose its vitality on the street. Second, salient groups and organizations fell in importance after leaving prison, including country, race/ethnicity, and religion, suggesting former prisoners are occupied by other endeavors. Finally, while we identify few correlates of changes in extremist intentions, higher levels of legal cynicism in prison were associated with increases in both activism and radicalism intentions after release from prison. Efforts designed to improve legal orientations could lessen intentions to support non-violent and violent extremist actions. These results point to an imprisonment-extremism nexus that is diminished largely by the realities of prisoner reentry.
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Salerno, Laura M., and Kristen M. Zgoba. "Disciplinary Segregation and Its Effects on In-Prison Outcomes." Prison Journal 100, no. 1 (October 18, 2019): 74–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0032885519882326.
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The present study explored the effects of solitary confinement on in-prison outcomes among inmates housed in disciplinary segregation in a northeast state ( N = 398). The deterrent effects of segregation and program participation on future in-prison behaviors were examined. Differences among samples of inmates housed in disciplinary segregation before and after the enactment of policy revisions were also assessed. Findings from bivariate and multivariate analyses indicate most inmates did not have a new infraction; however, certain inmates were more likely to receive a future discipline. Furthermore, completing programming while in disciplinary segregation did not have an effect on future infractions or programming participation. The implications of the research findings are discussed.
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Farabee, David, Kevin Knight, Bryan R. Garner, and Stacy Calhoun. "The Inmate Prerelease Assessment for Reentry Planning." Criminal Justice and Behavior 34, no. 9 (September 2007): 1188–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0093854807304429.
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The Inmate Prerelease Assessment (IPASS) was developed specifically as a measure of postrelease risk for prison-based treatment graduates. By taking into account historical drug use and criminal activity of inmates as well as their performance during prison-based treatment, the IPASS provides a “priority” score indicating the relative need for more (versus less) intensive treatment services on release. The present study used data from offenders paroling from prisons in a southwest ( N = 127) and midwest ( N = 75) state to examine the psychometric properties of the IPASS subscales. With regard to construct validity, psychometric properties ranged from good to excellent. The IPASS scales also showed strong internal consistency, with coefficient alphas greater than .80 for the Texas Christian University Drug Screen, Client Evaluation of Treatment, and Counselor Evaluation of Client scales. Further research will explore alternatives on how the Client and Counselor scales are optimally incorporated into the IPASS priority score and will examine the score in relation to aftercare participation and postrelease outcomes.
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Valera, Pamela, David Carmona, Sarah Malarkey, Noah Sinangil, Madelyn Owens, and Asia Lefebre. "Exploring Online Health Reviews to Monitor COVID-19 Public Health Responses in Alabama State Department of Corrections: Case Example." JMIR Formative Research 5, no. 11 (November 10, 2021): e32591. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/32591.
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Background COVID-19, caused by SARS-CoV-2, has devastated incarcerated people throughout the United States. Objective The purpose of this study was to test the feasibility and acceptability of a COVID-19 Health Review for Correctional Facilities. Methods The COVID-19 Health Review survey for the Department of Corrections was developed in Qualtrics to assess the following: (1) COVID-19 testing, (2) providing personal protective equipment, (3) vaccination procedures, (4) quarantine procedures, (5) COVID-19 mortality rates for inmates, (6) COVID-19 mortality rates for correctional officers and prison staff, (7) COVID-19 infection rates for inmates, (8) COVID-19 infection rates for correctional officers and prison staff, and (9) uptake of COVID-19 vaccines. The estimated time to review the Alabama State Department of Corrections COVID-19 responses on their website and complete the survey items was 45 minutes to 1 hour. Results Of the 21 participants who completed the COVID-19 Health Review for Correctional Facilities survey, 48% (n=10) identified as female, 43% (n=9) identified as male, and 10% (n=2) identified as transgender. For race, 29% (n=6) self-identified as Black or African American, 24% (n=5) Asian, 24% (n=5) White, 5% (n=1) Pacific Islander or Native Hawaiian, and 19% (n=4) Other. In addition, 5 respondents self-identified as returning citizens. For COVID-19 review questions, the majority concluded that information on personal protective equipment was “poor” and “very poor,” information on COVID-19 testing was “fair” and above, information on COVID-19 death/infection rates between inmates and staff was “good” and “very good,” and information on vaccinations was “good” and “very good.” There was a significant difference observed (P=.03) between nonreturning citizens and returning citizens regarding the health grade review with respect to available information on COVID-19 infection rates. Conclusions COVID-19 health reviews may provide an opportunity for the public to review the COVID-19 responses in correctional settings.
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Valera, Pamela, David Carmona, Sarah Malarkey, Noah Sinangil, Madelyn Owens, and Asia Lefebre. "Exploring Online Health Reviews to Monitor COVID-19 Public Health Responses in Alabama State Department of Corrections: Case Example." JMIR Formative Research 5, no. 11 (November 10, 2021): e32591. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/32591.
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Background COVID-19, caused by SARS-CoV-2, has devastated incarcerated people throughout the United States. Objective The purpose of this study was to test the feasibility and acceptability of a COVID-19 Health Review for Correctional Facilities. Methods The COVID-19 Health Review survey for the Department of Corrections was developed in Qualtrics to assess the following: (1) COVID-19 testing, (2) providing personal protective equipment, (3) vaccination procedures, (4) quarantine procedures, (5) COVID-19 mortality rates for inmates, (6) COVID-19 mortality rates for correctional officers and prison staff, (7) COVID-19 infection rates for inmates, (8) COVID-19 infection rates for correctional officers and prison staff, and (9) uptake of COVID-19 vaccines. The estimated time to review the Alabama State Department of Corrections COVID-19 responses on their website and complete the survey items was 45 minutes to 1 hour. Results Of the 21 participants who completed the COVID-19 Health Review for Correctional Facilities survey, 48% (n=10) identified as female, 43% (n=9) identified as male, and 10% (n=2) identified as transgender. For race, 29% (n=6) self-identified as Black or African American, 24% (n=5) Asian, 24% (n=5) White, 5% (n=1) Pacific Islander or Native Hawaiian, and 19% (n=4) Other. In addition, 5 respondents self-identified as returning citizens. For COVID-19 review questions, the majority concluded that information on personal protective equipment was “poor” and “very poor,” information on COVID-19 testing was “fair” and above, information on COVID-19 death/infection rates between inmates and staff was “good” and “very good,” and information on vaccinations was “good” and “very good.” There was a significant difference observed (P=.03) between nonreturning citizens and returning citizens regarding the health grade review with respect to available information on COVID-19 infection rates. Conclusions COVID-19 health reviews may provide an opportunity for the public to review the COVID-19 responses in correctional settings.
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Adeoti, Abdullateef B., Samuel Olusegun Akinsola, and Oluwagbemiga Oyinlola. "Attitudinal Disposition of Correctional Officers’ Towards an Inmates with Mental illness in Agodi Prison, Oyo State, Nigeria." International Journal of Social Work 11, no. 1 (January 23, 2024): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ijsw.v11i1.21558.
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There is a frequently higher prevalence of mental health problems among the incarcerated population in Nigeria. However, their mental health is often neglected, leading to a complex interplay of issues that hinder effective rehabilitation and integration of offenders into society. This study examined the attitudinal disposition of correctional officers towards the mental health of an inmate in Agodi correctional home, Ibadan. This is a cross-sectional study design and a stratified random sampling technique were used to select 200 correctional officers. A socio-demographic questionnaire and questions focusing on the stigmatization of inmates living with mental health. The Pearson Product Moment Correlation was used to test the generated hypotheses at a 0.05 significance level. Findings revealed that there was a significant relationship between counselling service and inmate mental health (r = .621, n= 200, p < .05), there was a significant relationship between rehabilitation program and inmate mental health (r = .642, n= 200, p < .05), there was a significant relationship between welfare service and inmate mental health (r = .716, n= 200, p < .05), there was a significant relationship between correctional officers attitude and inmates mental health (r = .731, n= 200, p < .05). This study underscored the potential consequences of negative attitudes, such as stigmatization, discrimination, and inadequate provision of mental health care, which can impede the rehabilitation and successful reintegration of inmates into society. Therefore, a comprehensive understanding of the attitudinal disposition of correctional officers towards inmates with mental illness is imperative.
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Lorenset, Rossaly Beatriz Chioquetta, and Sandro Braga. "Prison Subjects: appointments and effects of meaning." Signum: Estudos da Linguagem 22, no. 1 (July 4, 2019): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.5433/2237-4876.2019v22n1p67.
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This article analyzes different ways of nominating that the Brazilian prison system establishes to mention the subject that lives in a freedom deprived prison system. Furthermore, we are mainly guided by the theoretical basis of the French Discourse Analysis, in an attempt to understand the meaning effects that arise from each lexical choice. The focus is on the Extension Project of the Law Course at the University of the West of Santa Catarina entitled “Law and Jail - Remission by Reading”, established and supported by the Criminal Execution Law (BRAZIL, 2011), Recommendation n. 44 (CNJ, 2013), Guiding Principles of the National Guidelines for Education in Criminal Establishments (BRAZIL, 2010) and the State Prison Education Plan 2016-2026: Education, Prison and Freedom, Possible Dialogues (SANTA CATARINA, 2017). Thus, these normative frameworks for Education in Prisons in Brazil and in Santa Catarina are analyzed discursively, regarding the nomination of the subjects behind bars, seeking to understand the implication of making sense in the discursive processes of the nominations on law textuality choices. Through the linguistic analysis of the corpus materiality, there are signs of how the nominations are marked by power structures, rooted, crystallized and naturalized in society, which are perpetuated for centuries.
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Prost, Stephanie Grace, Margaret M. Holland, Heath C. Hoffmann, and George E. Dickinson. "Characteristics of Hospice and Palliative Care Programs in US Prisons: An Update and 5-Year Reflection." American Journal of Hospice and Palliative Medicine® 37, no. 7 (December 6, 2019): 514–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1049909119893090.
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Individuals with terminal illness are dying behind bars and many state prison administrators have incorporated on-site hospice and palliative care services. Little is known, however, about these programs since a 2010 study of prison hospice characteristics. We provide an updated description and reflection of current hospice and palliative care programs in state prisons serving incarcerated persons with terminal illness. A cross-sectional survey was sent to representatives of all known prisons offering hospice and palliative care programs and services (N = 113). Questions were drawn from an earlier iteration regarding interdisciplinary team (IDT) membership, training length and topics, peer caregivers, visitation policies, bereavement services, perceived stakeholder support, and pain management strategies. Additional questions were added such as estimated operational costs, peer caregiver input in patient care, and the strengths and weaknesses of such programs. Frequency distributions were calculated for all study variables. Responding representatives (n = 33) indicated IDTs remain integral to care, peer caregivers continue to support dying patients, and perceived public support for these programs remains low. Reduced enthusiasm for the programs may negatively influence administrative decision-making and program resources. Further, peer caregiver roles appear to be changing with caregivers charged with fewer of the identified tasks, compared with the 2010 study.
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Edjere, Oghenekohwiroro, and Osaro Iyekowa. "Assessment of the levels of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in Orogodo River sediments Agbor, Delta State, Nigeria." Ovidius University Annals of Chemistry 28, no. 2 (August 28, 2017): 25–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/auoc-2017-0005.
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Abstract The study aimed at assessing the levels of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) concentration in Orogodo River Sediments at Agbor, Delta State, Nigeria. Sixteen sediment samples at different sample point were collected and analyzed; obtained concentrations were compared with exiting standards. Sediment samples were extracted using a mixture of hexane and acetone (1:1), sonicated in an ultrasonic bath (15 min) and placed on a shaker for two hours. Chromatographic analysis was done after solvent exchange, was carried out on the final extract using n-hexane (1000 μl) and injected (1 μl) into a gas chromatographic system coupled with an electron capture detector (ECD). Results from this study revealed that the concentration of PCBs in all the sediment samples under investigation was highest with 0.198 μg/kg in the Agric yard Agbor 2 sample point and lowest with 0.026 μg/kg in the Behind Prison - Agbor 1. The concentration of PCBs for all the sediment samples analyzed ranged in the order: Agric Yard Agbor 2 < Slaugther Agbor 2 < River Ama 1 < Mr. Biggs Agbor 1 < Behind Prison Agbor 2 < River Ama 2 < Mr. Biggs Agbor 3 < Under Bridge Agbor 1 < Mr. Biggs Agbor 2 < River Ama 4 < Agric Yard Agbor 1 < Mr. Biggs Agbor 4 < SlaugtherAgbor 1 < River Ama 3 < Under Bridge Agbor 2 < Behind Prison Agbor 1. The obtained results in this study suggest the urgent need to establish a program for monitoring organochlorine pollutants in our rivers and sediment in other to curb any elevation in concentration of pollutants over the environmental quality standards and appropriate actions taken.
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Woods, David, Gerry Leavey, Rosie Meek, and Gavin Breslin. "Developing mental health awareness and help seeking in prison: a feasibility study of the State of Mind Sport programme." International Journal of Prisoner Health 16, no. 4 (August 12, 2020): 403–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijph-10-2019-0057.
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Purpose The high prevalence of mental illness within the prison population necessitates innovative mental health awareness provision. This purpose of this feasibility study with 75 males (47 intervention; 28 control) was to evaluate State of Mind Sport (SOMS), originally developed as a community based mental health and well-being initiative, in a notoriously challenging prison setting. Design/methodology/approach A mixed 2 (group) × 2 (time) factorial design was adopted. Questionnaires tested for effects on knowledge of mental health, intentions to seek help, well-being and resilience. For each outcome measure, main and interaction effects (F) were determined by separate mixed factors analysis of variance. Two focus groups (N = 15) further explored feasibility and were subjected to general inductive analysis. Findings A significant group and time interaction effect were shown for mental health knowledge, F(1, 72) = 4.92, p = 0.03, ηp2 = 0.06, showing a greater post-programme improvement in mental health knowledge score for the intervention group. Focus group analysis revealed an increase in hope, coping efficacy and intentions to engage more openly with other prisoners regarding personal well-being as a result of the SOMS programme. However, fear of stigmatisation by other inmates and a general lack of trust in others remained as barriers to help-seeking. Originality/value The implications of this study, the first to evaluate a sport-based mental health intervention in prison, are that a short intervention with low costs can increase prisoner knowledge of mental health, intentions to engage in available well-being opportunities and increase a sense of hope, at least in the short term.
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Chintakrindi, Sriram, and Suditi Gupta. "Examining prison rule violations among incarcerated veterans with a history of brain injury, alcohol, and substance use." Kriminologija & socijalna integracija 29, no. 1 (June 30, 2021): 24–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.31299/ksi.29.1.2.
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Background: To investigate how the independent variables: veteran status, brain injury, drug use, and alcohol use predict risk for rule violations and assaulting jail or prison staff while incarcerated. This study used aggregated and disaggregated data to demonstrate relationships between exposure and outcomes. Methods: Cross-sectional survey data was collected from the Survey of Inmates in State and Federal Correctional Facilities (SISFCF), 2004 (n = 14499). Chi-square, Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel (CMH), and logistic regression were conducted to determine the relative contribution of the independent variables in predicting rule violations and assaulting jail or prison staff while incarcerated. The research study tested a number of hypotheses that are listed in the hypotheses section of the research study. Results: The findings from the logistic regression conducted in this study demonstrate a significant relationship between veteran status, alcohol use, and brain injury status and the dependent variable: found guilty or written up for jail or prison rule violations while incarcerated. Conclusion: Alcohol use and brain injury present serious risks for maintaining public health and safety of incarcerated veterans and non-veterans. Daily or almost daily consumption of alcohol was the strongest predictor of jail or prison rule violations. Therefore, researchers and practitioners should continue to develop interventions and policies for reducing alcohol consumption of individuals in contact with the criminal justice system.
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Weber, M. I. ""SIX POLITICAL PEOPLE WERE EXECUTED BY SHOOTING BY ME": DOCUMENTS ON THE EXECUTION OF PRISONERS IN TATARSK ON NOVEMBER 19, 1919." Territory Development, no. 3(17) (2019): 63–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.32324/2412-8945-2019-3-63-72.
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New sources are published about white terror in Siberia: materials of the investigation file of the head of the garrison of the city of Tatarsk, I. A. Mikheev and the chief of police of the Tatarsk district N. I. Stepanova. The published documents shed light on the circumstances of the extrajudicial execution of political prisoners by the Kolchak residents in Tatarsk prison on November 19, 1919. Based on the published documents, it was established who ordered the execution of political prisoners during the evacuation of the prison and who enforced this order, as well as the number of victims of extrajudicial execution was specified. In addition, the published documents contain valuable information about the degree of collapse and disorganization of the Kolchak army and state apparatus after the surrender of the capital of white Siberia, the city of Omsk.
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Ferreira, Ramon Emmanuel Braz, Lígia Carlos Menezes, and João Carlos Dias. "RELATION OF PREVALENCE OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITY WITH PSYCHOLOGICAL VARIABLES AND FACTORS OF METABOLIC SYNDROME IN PRISON AGENTS IN BELO HORIZONTE, MG, BRAZIL." Revista Brasileira de Atividade Física & Saúde 17, no. 1 (August 29, 2012): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.12820/rbafs.v.17n1p57-63.
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The prison population in Brazil has been growing. The prison agent (PA) is the professional who worksin the security sector, having the tasks of conducting prisoners and vigilance inside the facilities,and escorting the prisoners to outside, as well. The agents have a busy and stressing life and theydo not have time and facilities to physical exercise practice. Therefore, the objective was to relate theprevalence of physical exercise with metabolic syndrome, with trace and state anxiety, and with minorpsychological disturbs in agents in Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil. Also habits of life, physical exerciseand clinical parameters were characterized. One hundred and one agents took part in this study,as volunteers, from 3 diff erent prison units. The male average (n=76) age and standard deviation ofthe sample was 33.1±5.7 years old and 4.8±3.4 years working as PA. It was evident that the majorityuses alcoholic beverages (63%) and 97.3% classifi ed their job as very dangerous. Considering males,where the greater alterations in MS factors were found, smokers represented 26.3% and alteredglucose concentration was present in 27.6% of the sample. Smaller values were found (p
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Labrecque, Ryan M., Daniel P. Mears, and Paula Smith. "Gender and the Effect of Disciplinary Segregation on Prison Misconduct." Criminal Justice Policy Review 31, no. 8 (November 3, 2019): 1193–216. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0887403419884728.
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Scholars and policymakers have advanced different arguments for why restrictive housing may improve or worsen inmate behavior, yet few studies exist that assess the impact of this housing on such outcomes. This study draws upon prior theory and research to hypothesize that inmate adjustment will worsen after placement in disciplinary segregation among a 3-year admission cohort of inmates from a large Midwestern state department of corrections ( N = 40,979), and further that this effect will be more harmful to men. The results of our propensity score matching analyses reveal the use of disciplinary segregation is associated with a greater probability of misconduct among men and has no appreciable effect on women. These findings challenge the view that disciplinary segregation is an effective strategy for improving inmate behavior in prison. This work further highlights the need for continued research on the utility of restrictive housing.
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Marlow, Katie, Belinda Winder, and Helen Jane Elliott. "Working with transgendered sex offenders: prison staff experiences." Journal of Forensic Practice 17, no. 3 (August 10, 2015): 241–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jfp-02-2015-0013.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to gain insight into the experiences of staff working with transgendered sex offenders in a prison setting. Design/methodology/approach – The study utilised a qualitative approach, with semi-structured interviews used to explore the experiences of staff working with transgendered sexual offenders (n=6). Data were analysed using thematic analysis. Findings – Three themes were identified in the data. The first relates to how staff become educated on transgender issues and the content of this information. The second describes situations in which boundaries are overstepped by both transgender offenders and others in the prison. The third relates to the ways in which staff manage change, such as tailoring treatment to specific needs and being mindful of what adaptations may be required. Research limitations/implications – The main drawback of this research was the limited sample; female prison staff. Future research should expand this sample to encompass male staff and staff working in alternate category prisons. Practical implications – The research illustrates the utility of staff collaboration with transgendered sex offenders on transgender issues but also suggests some additional guidance is required when it comes to determining the boundaries. Staff may also benefit from more education on the possible ways in which a transgendered identity can impact on criminogenic needs. Originality/value – The present research offers insight into the current state of care and management of transgendered offenders in custody and the nature of interactions between staff and this minority group. At present, there is limited research in this area.
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Alladin, Terrence, and Don Hummer. "The Relationship Between Individual Characteristics, Quality of Confinement and Recidivism by Offenders Released From Privately and Publicly Managed Residential Community Corrections Facilities." Prison Journal 98, no. 5 (August 18, 2018): 560–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0032885518793950.
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This study examines Commonwealth of Pennsylvania state prison data on inmates released to a term of residential community corrections in either a publicly or privately managed institution ( n = 7,204). Analyses indicate significant associations of race, facility orderliness, extent of educational/vocational programming, and type of facility management (Commonwealth or a private provider) with an offender’s subsequent reincarceration. Results demonstrate that private entity cost efficiency and effectiveness claims are not supported, and the growth of the private sector in Pennsylvania residential community corrections may even be having a detrimental effect on desistence efforts.
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Takahara, Doracilde Terumi, Marcia dos Santos Lazera, Bodo Wanke, Luciana Trilles, Valeria Dutra, Daphine Ariadne Jesus de Paula, Luciano Nakazato, et al. "FIRST REPORT ON Cryptococcus neoformans IN PIGEON EXCRETA FROM PUBLIC AND RESIDENTIAL LOCATIONS IN THE METROPOLITAN AREA OF CUIABÁ, STATE OF MATO GROSSO, BRAZIL." Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo 55, no. 6 (December 2013): 371–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0036-46652013000600001.
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SUMMARY Cryptococcosis is a severe systemic mycosis caused by two species of Cryptococcus that affect humans and animals: C. neoformans and C. gattii. Cosmopolitan and emergent, the mycosis results from the interaction between a susceptible host and the environment. The occurrence of C. neoformans was evaluated in 122 samples of dried pigeon excreta collected in 49 locations in the City of Cuiabá, State of Mato Grosso, Brazil, including public squares (n = 5), churches (n = 4), educational institutions (n = 3), health units (n = 8), open areas covered with asbestos (n = 4), residences (n = 23), factory (n = 1) and a prison (n = 1). Samples collected from July to December of 2010 were seeded on Niger seed agar (NSA). Dark brown colonies were identified by urease test, carbon source assimilation tests and canavanine-glycine-bromothymol blue medium. Polymerase chain reaction primer pairs specific for C. neoformans were also used for identification. Cryptococcus neoformans associated to pigeon excreta was isolated from eight (6.6%) samples corresponding to six (12.2%) locations. Cryptococcus neoformans was isolated from urban areas, predominantly in residences, constituting a risk of acquiring the disease by immunocompromised and immunocompetent individuals.
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BEFUS, M., D. V. MUKHERJEE, C. T. A. HERZIG, F. D. LOWY, and E. LARSON. "Correspondence analysis to evaluate the transmission ofStaphylococcus aureusstrains in two New York State maximum-security prisons." Epidemiology and Infection 145, no. 10 (May 16, 2017): 2161–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268817000942.
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SUMMARYPrisons/jails are thought to amplify the transmission ofStaphylococcus aureus(SA) particularly methicillin-resistant SA infection and colonisation. Two independently pooled cross-sectional samples of detainees being admitted or discharged from two New York State maximum-security prisons were used to explore this concept. Private interviews of participants were conducted, during which the anterior nares and oropharynx were sampled and assessed for SA colonisation. Log-binomial regression and correspondence analysis (CA) were used to evaluate the prevalence of colonisation at entry as compared with discharge. Approximately 51% of admitted (N= 404) and 41% of discharged (N= 439) female detainees were colonised with SA. Among males, 59% of those admitted (N= 427) and 49% of those discharged (N= 393) were colonised. Females had a statistically significant higher prevalence (1·26:P= 0·003) whereas males showed no significant difference (1·06;P= 0·003) in SA prevalence between entry and discharge. CA demonstrated that some strains, such asspatypes t571 and t002, might have an affinity for certain mucosal sites. Contrary to our hypothesis, the prison setting did not amplify SA transmission, and CA proved to be a useful tool in describing the population structure of strains according to time and/or mucosal site.
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Golovinov, A. V., and Yu V. Golovinova. "“The Russian Community in Prison and Exile” by N. M. Yadrintsev as a Source for Studying the Penitentiary Policy of Pre-Revolutionary Russia: Experience of Historical and Political Science Actualization." Bulletin of Irkutsk State University. Series Political Science and Religion Studies 42 (2022): 34–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.26516/2073-3380.2022.42.34.
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The purpose of the publication is to emphasize the first major work of the founder of the Siberian regionalism N. M. Yadrintsev “The Russian community in prison and exile” in 1872 as a journalistic and scientific source for studying the penitentiary policy of pre-revolutionary Russia. This monumental and relevant work in the 21st century can be safely put on a par with such similar bestsellers as “Notes from the Dead House” by F. M. Dostoevsky, “Sakhalin Island” by A. P. Chekhov and “Siberia and Hard Labor” by S. V. Maksimova. The publication shows the main socio-political ideas of the leader of the movement of Siberian democratic regionalists in the field of state penitentiary policy. The authors found that, sharing the basic provisions of populist political philosophy, N. M. Yadrintsev attached a special role to the community in the re-education of the criminal element. The authors come to the conclusion that the value of the material of the book under consideration for the historical and political analysis of the penitentiary policy is determined by the range of problems presented in it. First of all, these are unique data and reflections on the organization of prison life, the situation of guards, the tasks of correcting a criminal, etc.
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Hong, Moonki, and Gary Kleck. "The Short-Term Deterrent Effect of Executions: An Analysis of Daily Homicide Counts." Crime & Delinquency 64, no. 7 (January 31, 2018): 939–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0011128717719514.
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Does capital punishment exert any deterrent effect on homicide, above and beyond the effects of noncapital punishment? We hypothesized that potential deterrent effects should be strongest within a few days of executions because that was when news coverage peaked. We examined data on newspaper and national television news coverage, and found that it was largely confined to the period within a few days of executions. We analyzed state homicide counts for individual days from 1979 through 1998 ( n = 372,555 state-days), following the methods of Grogger and controlling for size of the prison population. We found no significant homicide drops corresponding to temporal patterns of news coverage, with one exception: a small but significant drop on the days executions occurred.
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Grady, Melissa D., Daniel Edwards, and Carrie Pettus-Davis. "A Longitudinal Outcome Evaluation of a Prison-Based Sex Offender Treatment Program." Sexual Abuse 29, no. 3 (August 1, 2016): 239–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1079063215585731.
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Sex offender outcome studies continue to produce mixed results. A common critique of these studies is their lack of methodological rigor. This study attempts to address this critique by adhering to the standards established by the Collaborative Outcome Data Committee (CODC) aimed at increasing the quality and confidence in outcome studies. We examined recidivism outcomes for a sample of formerly incarcerated sex offenders who participated in a state prison-based cognitive-behavioral-skills-based treatment program. We used propensity score analysis to compare treatment participants with a matched sample of non-participants. The final sample post-matching ( n = 512) was observed for a minimum of 4 years and a maximum of 14 years. Using survival analysis, findings indicate that there were no differences in recidivism rates between treatment participants and non-participants in sexual or violent crimes. However, participants demonstrated significantly lower rates of recidivism for non-violent crimes. We discuss strengths, limitations of the study, and implications of these findings.
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Sathiyavathi, G., Paetaehalli Shivappa Swathi, Mandara Bhavana, Chandrashekhar Ritesh, and Apar Avinash Saoji. "Effect of Yoga on Psychological and Emotion Regulation among Women Prisoners: A Pilot, Randomized Controlled Trial." Journal of Applied Consciousness Studies 12, no. 1 (2024): 17–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/jacs.jacs_147_23.
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ABSTRACT Background: Given the stress of imprisonment and isolation from families, the women prisoners are subjected to increased anxiety, depression, and emotional dysregulation. Due to these negative outcomes, it is imperative to find efficient nonpharmacological interventions. Yoga improves mental health in both correctional settings and the general population. Studies conducted on the mental health of female prison inmates are scarce. Materials and Methods: A randomized controlled trial was used and instigated on 76 women prisoners with moderate-to-severe stress levels, randomly allocated into Group 1 (n = 36) and Group 2 (n = 40). Group 1 was taught with 90 min of Integrated Approach of Yoga Therapy and Group 2 was taught with 90 min of free choice physical exercise for 15 days. Assessments were taken before and after the intervention. Data were analyzed using the analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) adjusting for the baseline differences. Results: Significant difference in effect was found between the groups in the State Trait Anxiety Inventory, Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), emotion regulation questionnaire, and positive and negative affect questionnaire schedule (PANAS). Within group analysis demonstrated improved scores in all psychological constructs in the yoga group. Although some constructs also shown significant changes in the control group, the effect size was less when compared to the yoga group. Conclusion: Yoga can be administered in the prison setting daily to maintain the mental health of the women prisoners.
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Krebs, Emanuel, Jeong E. Min, Elizabeth Evans, Libo Li, Lei Liu, David Huang, Darren Urada, Thomas Kerr, Yih-Ing Hser, and Bohdan Nosyk. "Estimating State Transitions for Opioid Use Disorders." Medical Decision Making 37, no. 5 (December 27, 2016): 483–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0272989x16683928.
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Aim. The aim was to estimate transitions between periods in and out of treatment, incarceration, and legal supervision, for prescription opioid (PO) and heroin users. Methods. We captured all individuals admitted for the first time for publicly funded treatment for opioid use disorder (OUD) in California (2006 to 2010) with linked mortality and criminal justice data. We used Cox proportional hazards and competing risks models to assess the effect of primary PO use (v. heroin) on the hazard of transitioning among 5 states: (1) opioid detoxification treatment; (2) opioid agonist treatment (OAT); (3) legal supervision (probation or parole); (4) incarceration (jail or prison); and (5) out-of-treatment. Transitions were conditional on survival, and death was modeled as an absorbing state. Results. Both primary PO (n = 11,733) and heroin (n = 19,926) users spent most of their median 2.3 y of observation out of treatment. Primary PO users were significantly younger (median age 30 v. 34 y), and a higher percentage were female (43.1% v. 31.5%; P < 0.001), white (74.6% v. 63.1%; P < 0.001), and had completed high school (31.8% v. 18.9%; P < 0.001). When compared to primary heroin users, PO users had a higher hazard of transitioning from detoxification to OAT (Hazard Ratio (HR), 1.65; 95% CI, 1.54 to 1.77), and had a lower hazard of transitioning from out-of-treatment to either detoxification (0.75 [0.70, 0.81]) or OAT (0.90 [0.85, 0.96]). Conclusion. Our findings can be applied directly in state transition modeling to improve the validity of health economic evaluations. Although PO users tended to remain in treatment for longer durations than heroin users, they also tended to remain out of treatment for longer after transitioning to an out-of-treatment state. Despite the proven effectiveness of time-unlimited treatment, individuals with OUD spend most of their time out of treatment.
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Tikhonov, Igor. "“A Student of the Reactionary Archaeologist A. A. Spitsyn”: To the Biography of N. I. Repnikov in the Early 1930s." Materials in Archaeology, History and Ethnography of Tauria, XХVII (December 15, 2022): 724–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.29039/2413-189x.2022.27.724-741.
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This article discusses the little-known pages of the biography of the Russian archaeologist N. I. Repnikov in the early 1930s, when he was arrested and spent two months in prison. It was the time when his colleague from the GAIMK (State Academy for the History of Material Culture) A. A. Miller wrote a sharply negative review about Repnikov’s scholarly activities, accusing him of trading antiquities. The main reason for such a sceptical attitude to Repnikov’s academic works was the competition between the school of palaeoethnologists to which A. A. Miller belonged and A. A. Spitsyn’s students. This way, dramatic ideological and political situation of the early 1930s around the Soviet archaeologists was also greatly influenced by the relationship between various groups of researchers within the scholarly community.
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Eddy, J. Mark, Charles R. Martinez, Bert O. Burraston, Danita Herrera, and Rex M. Newton. "A Randomized Controlled Trial of a Parent Management Training Program for Incarcerated Parents: Post-Release Outcomes." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 8 (April 11, 2022): 4605. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19084605.
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The majority of incarcerated adults are parents. While in prison, most parents maintain at least some contact with their families. A positive connection with family during imprisonment is hypothesized to improve long-term success after release. One way in which departments of corrections attempt to facilitate positive connections with family is through prison-based parenting programs. One such program, developed in collaboration with the Oregon Department of Corrections, is the cognitive-behavioral parent management training program Parenting Inside Out (PIO). Outcomes due to PIO were examined within the context of a randomized controlled trial. Incarcerated parents from all correctional facilities in the state of Oregon were recruited to participate, and eligible parents who consented (N = 359) were transferred to participating releasing institutions. After initial assessment, parents were randomized to condition (i.e., PIO “intervention” condition or services-as-usual “control” condition) and then followed through the remainder of their prison sentences and to one year after release. Intervention condition participants were offered PIO prior to their release. Outcomes favoring participants in the intervention condition were found in areas of importance to parents and their children and families and to public health and safety at large, including a decreased likelihood of problems related to substance use and of engaging in criminal behavior during the first six months following release as well as a decreased likelihood of being arrested by police during the first year following release. The implications of the findings are discussed, including the critical need for scientifically rigorous research on multi-component parenting programs delivered during the reentry period.
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Kassebaum, Gene, and Susan Meyers Chandler. "Polydrug Use and Self Control among Men and Women in Prisons." Journal of Drug Education 24, no. 4 (December 1994): 333–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/ylg8-c7cd-j94y-xd44.
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This article describes research conducted to examine the patterns of alcohol and drug use and self concepts of incarcerated adult offenders in relation to age, gender, and ethnicity in a western state. The purpose of this research was to estimate the extent and variety of alcohol and drug use in the prison population and design a data collection instrument. Individual interviews with every newly admitted sentenced felon ( N = 157 men and 39 women) were conducted. Inmates reported nearly universal alcohol use and marijuana use and extensive use of cocaine, crack, heroin, crystal methamphetamine (ice) and using various other schedule drugs, usually in combination with alcohol and other drugs. The problem for the interviewers was not how to elicit admissions of drug use but how to categorize the large number of combinations. Polydrug use, often in combination with alcohol, is the rule, not the exception. Starting, switching and quitting, and combining or substituting drugs is reported by the vast majority of inmates. While patterns varied, it was difficult to discern a special class of drug addicts among the inmates. Our findings suggest that large percentages of prison inmates are frequent substance abusers, perceive problems from use, but are often not interested in drug treatment in prison. Many inmates who by their own reports seem appropriate for alcohol or drug treatment do not seek treatment. This is not influenced by the extent of drug use or experience with previous treatment. Female prisoners seem to be more often and more extensively involved in addicting drugs than male prisoners. This is particularly problematic because there are very few specialized treatment or training programs for women offenders. Since drug use is very widespread, urine monitoring is increasing and continued criminalization of all drugs except alcohol enjoys wide support, correctional agencies must search to develop effective and affordable strategies for dealing with drug use.
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Masyutin, Alexander S. "Vyatka Revolutionaries in the “Government Facility”: 1905—1913." Herald of an archivist, no. 3 (2018): 793–808. http://dx.doi.org/10.28995/2073-0101-2018-3-793-808.
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The article analyses various aspects of the life in prison of political prisoners of the Vyatka gubernia. Unpublished documents from the archives of Kirov and Moscow, on which this study is based, designate the subject of the study; that is, they allow to establish forms of resistance of political prisoners to prison regime, to identify patterns of their escapes, to trace dynamics in occupancy of political prisons in the Vyatka gubernia, to establish instances of interaction between representatives of different left parties while in penal institutions. The timeframe of the study is the period of the first Russian revolution of 1905-1908, when prisons ceased to be the tenement of few and far between ardent revolutionaries from the privileged strata of society, and swarmed with much less versed ideologically masses of the discontented. Thus, in view of a participant of the revolutionary events of 1905-1908, Socialists-Revolutionary Maximalist G. A. Nestroev, the ideological grounding of the political prisoners deteriorated significantly. The author, however, believes that this ‘diversity’ of prisoners allows to conduct a more thorough analysis of their public activity in prison and to better link the activities of prisoners with the people on whose behalf the revolutionary forces acted. The author focuses on the Socialists-Revolutionaries, as their percentage among prisoners was much higher than that of the Socialists-Democrats. Known for several high-profile assassinations, the former were considered more dangerous state criminals than the Socialists-Democrat ‘propagandists,’ and thus were subject to more severe punishments. After the October revolution 1917, the Bolsheviks created an extensive mythologized literature on fellow party members who served time in tsarist prisons but mentioned only several Socialists-Revolutionaries, and these were politically harmless, or deceased (like E. S. Sazonov), or attached to the Bolshevik party (like V. N. Rukhlyadev). Findings and conclusions of the article can be used in research of the later periods in the history of Russia and the Soviet Union, particularly, for comparison of the prisoners’ struggle with the prison administration and of the forms of assistance to prisoners from the outside in tzarist Russia and later.
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Brazão, Nélio, Daniel Rijo, Maria do Céu Salvador, and José Pinto-Gouveia. "The Efficacy of the Growing Pro-social Program in Reducing Anger, Shame, and Paranoia over Time in Male Prison Inmates." Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency 55, no. 5 (June 20, 2018): 649–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022427818782733.
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Objectives: This randomized controlled trial aimed to assess the efficacy of a cognitive-behavioral group program, Growing Pro-Social (GPS), in reducing anger, shame, and paranoia over time in Portuguese male prison inmates. Methods: Participants were randomized to the GPS treatment ( n = 121) or control group ( n = 133). The State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory, the Other as Shamer Scale, and the Paranoia Scale were completed at baseline, at the middle of treatment, at posttreatment, and at 12 months’ follow-up. Intervention effects were tested with latent growth curve models (LGCM). Results: At baseline, no significant differences between groups were found. Results from LGCM showed that condition was a significant predictor of change observed in all outcome measures over time. While treatment participants showed a significant increase in anger-control over time, controls presented a significant decrease over time in this same variable. For the remaining dimensions of anger, as well as for external shame and paranoia, while the treatment group showed a significant decrease over time, the control group showed a significant increase or no change. Conclusions: These results pointed out the GPS’s ability to promote significant change in cognitive and emotional relevant variables associated with antisocial behavior.
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Navarro Martínez, Juan Pedro. "Representaciones del pecado nefando en el sistema penitencial: jerarquías, violencia y dinámica procesal en la causa contra Tio Pancho (1748)." Vínculos de Historia Revista del Departamento de Historia de la Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, no. 11 (June 22, 2022): 393–409. http://dx.doi.org/10.18239/vdh_2022.11.18.
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En 1748, la Sala de Vizcaya inició un proceso contra Francisco Guerrero, un joven marinero malagueño que portaba un arma blanca. Su proceso judicial revela que el acusado había sido preso por un corso inglés, hecho prisionero en Irlanda, y que tenía pendiente un juicio por reiterado abuso del “pecado nefando” con otros prisioneros. La causa contra Guerrero invita a reconocer la problemática competencia jurisdiccional de los presos, comparar diferencias y similitudes entre el sistema penitencial español y británico, al tiempo que se pretende comprender las dinámicas de comportamiento jerárquico-sexual del universo carcelario. Palabras Claves: Pecado nefando, Prisión, Jerarquías sexuales, Justicia ordinariaTopónimos: Portugalete y KinsalePeriodo: Siglo XVIII ABSTRACT:In 1749, the Court of Vizcaya initiated a process against Francisco Guerrero, a young sailor from Malaga who carried a knife. His judicial process reveals that the accused had been captured by an English Corsair and imprisoned in Ireland. He was also awaiting trial for repeated abuse of "nefarious sin" with other prisoners. The case against Guerrero invites us to acknowledge the problem of jurisdictional competence in relation to prisoners and compare differences and similarities between the Spanish and British penitential systems, while trying to understand the dynamics of hierarchical-sexual behaviour in the prison environment. Key Words: Nefarious Sin, Prison, Sexual Hierarchies, Ordinary JusticePlace names: Portugalete and KinsalePeriod: 18th Century REFERENCIASArmada Naval (1793), Ordenanzas Generales de la Armada Naval. Madrid, Joaquín Ibarra. Tomo II.Berco, C. (2007), Sexual Hierarchies, Public Status. Men, Sodomy, and Society in Spain’s Golden Age, Toronto, University of Toronto Press.Berní y Català, J. (1741), Práctica criminal con nota de los delitos, sus penas, presunciones y circunstancias que los agravan y disminuyen, Valencia, A costa de Simón Fauré.Bloch, M. (1990), Los reyes taumaturgos. México, Fondo de Cultura Económica.Caro, F.P. (2013), “John Howard y su influencia en la reforma penitenciaria europea de finales del siglo XVIII”, EGUZKILORE, 27, pp.149-168.Carrasco, R., Inquisición y represión sexual en Valencia, Historia de los sodomitas, Barcelona, Laertes.Chamocho Cantudo, M. A. (2012), Sodomía. El crimen y pecado contra natura o historia de una intolerancia, Dykinson, Madrid.Cuesta Fernández, J. (2017), “De Trajano a Cómodo. La legislación contra los cristianos fruto de la colaboración entre el emperador y las autoridades provinciales”, Oriente y Occidente en la Antigüedad, Actas del CIJIMA II, Murcia, Centro de Estudios del Próximo Oriente y la Antigüedad Tardía, pp.407-421.Davis, N. Z. (1991), “Las formas de la Historia Social”, Historia Social, 10, primavera-verano, pp. 177-182.Domínguez Rodríguez, C. (1993), Los alcaldes de lo crimina en la Chancillería Castellana, Valladolid, Universidad de Valladolid.Elias, N. (1988), El proceso de la civilización. Investigaciones sociogenéticas y psicogenéticas, Ciudad de México, Fondo de Cultura Económica, 1988.Emperador, C. (2013), “El Archivo de la Real Chancillería de Valladolid y la Sala de Vizcaya: fondos documentales por una sala de justicia en el Antiguo Régimen”, Clío Crimen, 10, pp. 13-34.Foucault, M. (2012), Vigilar y castigar. El nacimiento de la prisión, Madrid, Siglo XXI, Biblioteca Nueva.— (2014), Obrar mal, decir la verdad. La función de la confesión en la justicia, Buenos Aires, siglo XXI editores.García Garralón, M. (2014), “Azotes sobre un cañón, carreras de baquetas y el honor perdido: autoridad y justicia en los buques de guerra a fines del siglo XVIII”, El último viaje de la fragata Mercedes. La razón frente al expolio. Un tesoro cultural recuperado, Madrid, Museo Naval, Museo Arqueológico Nacional, 2014, pp. 263-281.Gil Bautista, R. (2012), Almadén y sus Reales Minas de Azogue en el siglo XVIII, Alicante, Universidad de Alicante (tesis doctoral inédita).Ginzburg, C. (1987), “Morelli, Freud y Sherlock Holmes: Indicios y Método científico”, Hueso Húmero, 18, Lima, julio-septiembre.Gómez de Maya, J. (2013), “El codificador ante el crimen nefando”, AHDE, LXXXIII.González Martínez, R. M. (2000), “Abogados de la Real Chancillería y Catedráticos en Valladolid. Permanencias y cambios en las élites de poder (s. XVIII)”, Investigaciones históricas: Época moderna y contemporánea, 20, pp. 11-38.Gorosabel, P. (1899), Noticia de las cosas Memorables de Guipúzcoa, Tolosa, E. López.Guillamón Álvarez, F. J. y Pérez Hervás, J. (1987), “Los forzados de galeras en Cartagena durante el primer tercio del siglo XVIII”, Revista de Historia Naval, Año V, 29, pp. 63-76.Halperin, D. (2002), How to do the History of Homosexuality. Chicago: Universidad de Chicago.Heras Santos, J. L. (1988), “El sistema carcelario de los Austrias en la Corona de Castilla”, Studia Historica. Historia Moderna (Homenaje al Dr. Fernández Álvarez), VI, pp. 523-559.Hernández Sánchez, G. (2018), Ser estudiante en el periodo Barroco. Jurisdicción universitaria, movilización política y sociabilidad de la corporación universitaria salmantina, 1580-1640, Salamanca, ACCI-FEHM.Howard, J. (1777), The State of the Prisons in England and Wales: With Preliminary Observations, and an Account of Some Foreign Prisons, Londres: William Eyres, and sold by T. Cadell in the Strand, and N. Conant in Fleet Street.Hurteau, P. (1993), “Catholic moral discourse on Male Sodomy and Masturbation”, Journal of the History of Sexuality, 4, 1, pp. 1-26.Iglesias Rodríguez, J. J. (2016), “El complejo portuario gaditano en el siglo XVIII”, e-Spania, revue interdisciplinaire d`èstudes hispaniques medievales et modernes, 25, s/f.— (2002), “Cárceles gaditanas del Antiguo Régimen: El Puerto de Santa María y su entorno provincial”, Revista de Historia de El Puerto, 64, pp. 9-53.Kagan, R. L. (1990), Pleitos y pleiteantes en Castilla (1500-1700), Valladolid, Junta de Castilla y León.Lardizábal y Uribe, M. (1782), Discurso sobre las penas contraído a las leyes de España para facilitar su reforma, Madrid, Joaquín Ibarra.López, G. (1789), Las Siete partidas, del sabio rey Don Alonso el Nono; glosadas por el licenciado Gregorio López, Madrid, Oficina de Benito Cano.Mantecón Movellán, T. A. (2002), “El peso de la infrajudicialidad en el control del crimen durante la Edad Moderna”, Estudis: Revista de historia moderna, 28, pp. 43-76.— (2008a), “Los mocitos de Galindo: sexualidad "contra natura", culturas proscritas y control social en la Edad Moderna” en Bajtín y la historia de la cultura popular: cuarenta años de debate, Oviedo, Universidad de Cantabria, pp. 209-240.— (2008b), “Las culturas sodomitas en la Sevilla de Cervantes”, Homenaje a Antonio Dominguez Ortíz, Vol 2. Granada, Universidad de Granada, pp. 447-468.— (2008c), “«La ley de la calle» y la justicia en la Castilla Moderna”, Manuscrits, 26, pp. 165-189.Marcos Gutiérrez, J. (1826), Práctica criminal de España, publícala el Licenciado Don José Marcos Gutiérrez, editor del febrero reformado y anotado, para complemento de esta obra que carecía de Tratado Criminal. Obra tal vez necesaria o útil a los Jueces, Abogados, Escribanos, Notarios, Procuradores, Agentes de negocios y a toda clase de personas. Tomo III. Cuarta Edición. Madrid, A costa de la heredera del Autor Doña Josefa Gutiérrez.Martín Rodríguez, J. (1968), “Figura histórico-jurídica del Juez Mayor de Vizcaya”, Anuario de historia del derecho español, 38, pp. 641-669.Martínez, M. E. (2016), “Sexo y el archivo colonial: El Caso de “Mariano” Aguilera” en F. Gorbach y M. Rufer (coord.), (In)disciplinar la investigación: Archivo, trabajo de campo y escritura, México, Siglo XXI editores, pp. 227-250.Martínez-Radio Garrido, E. C. (2013), “Los prisioneros en el siglo XVIII y el ejemplo de la Guerra de Sucesión”, Entemu XVII – Aportaciones a cinco siglos de la Historia Militar de España, Gijón, UNED - Centro Asociado de Asturias, pp. 49-74.— (2020), “Españoles prisioneros y cautivos en la Inglaterra del siglo XVIII: una aproximación a su ubicación y condiciones”, Revista Universitaria de Historia Militar, 9, 18, pp. 43-65.Mérida Ramírez, R. (2007), “Sodomía, del Viejo al Nuevo Mundo”, Treballs de la Societat Catalana de Geografía, 64, pp. 89-102.Molina Artaloytia, F. (2012), “Los avatares (ibéricos) de la noción de sodomía entre la Ilustración y el Romanticismo”, en F. Durán López (ed.), Obscenidad, vergüenza, tabú: contornos y retornos de lo reprimido entre los siglos XVIII y XIX, Cádiz, Universidad de Cádiz, Servicio de Publicaciones, pp. 101-120.Molina, F. (2009), No digno de nombrar. Prácticas sexuales prohibidas en el Virreinato del Perú (siglos XVI-XVII), Vol. 2. Buenos Aires, Universidad de Buenos Aires (Tesis doctoral inédita), 2009.— (2010), “La herejización de la sodomía en la sociedad moderna. Consideraciones teológicas y praxis inquisitorial”, Hispania Sacra, LXII, 126, julio-diciembre, pp. 539-562.— (2017), Cuando amar era pecado: Sexualidad, poder e identidad entre los sodomitas coloniales (Virreinato del Perú, siglos XVI-XVII), La Paz/Lima, IFEA-Plural.Navarro Martínez, J. P. (2018), “Travestir el crimen: el proceso judicial de la sala de Alcaldes de Casa y Corte contra Sebastián Leirado por sodomía y otros excesos (1768-1789)”, Espacio, tiempo y forma. Serie IV, Historia moderna, 31, pp. 125-154.Novísima Recopilación de las Leyes de España mandada formar por el Señor Rey Don Carlos IV, 1805, ed. facsímil, 6 tomos, Madrid, Boletín Oficial del Estado, 1993.Oliver Olmo, P. y Urda Lozano, J. C. (coords.), (2014), La prisión y las instituciones punitivas en la investigación histórica, Cuenca, Editorial de la Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha.Petraccia, M. F. (2014), Indices e delatores nell’antica Roma. Occultiore indicio proditus; in occultas delatus insidias, Milan, LED Edizioni.Pino Abad, M. (2013), “La represión de la tenencia y uso de armas prohibidas en Castilla previa a la Codificación Penal”, Cuadernos de Historia del Derecho, 20, pp. 353-384.Ramos Vázquez, I. (2004), “La represión de los delitos atroces en el derecho castellano de la Edad Moderna”, Revista de Estudios Histórico-Jurídicos, [Sección Historia del Derecho Europeo], XXVI, pp. 255-299.Rincón Herranz, S. (2014), Delito de acusación y denuncia falsas en el Código Penal Español, Madrid, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (tesis doctoral inédita).Rodríguez Sánchez, R. (2021), “Los sodomitas ante la Inquisición”, Mirabilia Journal, 32, pp. 168-196.Roelens, J. (2018), “Gossip, defamation and sodomy in the early modern Southern Netherlands”, Renaissance Studies, 32(2), pp. 236-252.Stewart, G. (1987), Pickett's Charge. A Microhistory of the Final Attack at Gettysburg, July 3, 1863, Boston, Houghton Mifflin Harcourt.Tempère, D. (2002), “Vida y muerte en alta mar. Pajes, grumetes y marineros en la navegación española del siglo XVII”, Iberoamericana, II, 5, pp. 103-120.Tomás y Valiente, F. (1990), El derecho penal de la monarquía absoluta (siglos XVI, XVII y XVIII), Madrid, Tecnos.Torremocha Hernández, M. (2014), “El alcaide y la cárcel de la Chancillería de Valladolid a finales del siglo XVIII. Usos y abusos”, Revista de Historia Moderna, 32, pp. 127-146.Tortorici, Z. (2007), “«Heran todos putos»: Sodomitical subcultures and disordered desire in early colonial Mexico”, Ethnohistory, 54(1), pp. 35-67.Vázquez García F. y Moreno Mengíbar, A. (1997), Sexo y razón: una genealogía de la moral sexual en España (Siglos XVI-XX), Madrid, Akal.
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Kerrison, Erin Michelle Turner, and Jordan M. Hyatt. "COVID-19 Vaccine Refusal and Medical Distrust Held by Correctional Officers." Vaccines 11, no. 7 (July 13, 2023): 1237. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines11071237.
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This study explores COVID-19 vaccine acceptance among prison security staff and the extent to which they trust varied sources of information about the vaccines. Cross-sectional survey data were obtained from a state-wide sample of corrections officers (COs, hereafter; n = 1208) in February 2021. Group differences, disaggregated by demographic characteristics, were examined using F-tests and t-tests. Despite the comparatively limited risk of contracting the virus, non-security staff reported they would accept a COVID-19 vaccine at no cost (74%), compared to their more vulnerable CO counterparts (49%). We observed vaccine refusal correlations between COs’ reported gender, age, and length of time working as a CO, but none with their self-reported race. Vaccine refusal was more prevalent among womxn officers, younger officers, and those who had spent less time working as prison security staff. Our findings also suggest that the only trusted source of information about vaccines were family members and only for officers who would refuse the vaccine; the quality of trust placed in those sources, however, was not substantially positive and did not vary greatly across CO racial groups. By highlighting characteristics of the observed gaps in COVID-19 vaccine acceptance between COs and their non-security staff coworkers, as well as between corrections officers of varied demographic backgrounds, these findings can inform the development of responsive and accepted occupational health policies for communities both inside and intrinsically linked to prisons.
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Weston, Lauren, Sarah Rybczynska-Bunt, Cath Quinn, Charlotte Lennox, Mike Maguire, Mark Pearson, Alex Stirzaker, et al. "Interrogating intervention delivery and participants’ emotional states to improve engagement and implementation: A realist informed multiple case study evaluation of Engager." PLOS ONE 17, no. 7 (July 14, 2022): e0270691. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0270691.
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Background ‘Engager’ is an innovative ‘through-the-gate’ complex care intervention for male prison-leavers with common mental health problems. In parallel to the randomised-controlled trial of Engager (Trial registration number: ISRCTN11707331), a set of process evaluation analyses were undertaken. This paper reports on the depth multiple case study analysis part of the process evaluation, exploring how a sub-sample of prison-leavers engaged and responded to the intervention offer of one-to-one support during their re-integration into the community. Methods To understand intervention delivery and what response it elicited in individuals, we used a realist-informed qualitative multiple ‘case’ studies approach. We scrutinised how intervention component delivery lead to outcomes by examining underlying causal pathways or ‘mechanisms’ that promoted or hindered progress towards personal outcomes. ‘Cases’ (n = 24) were prison-leavers from the intervention arm of the trial. We collected practitioner activity logs and conducted semi-structured interviews with prison-leavers and Engager/other service practitioners. We mapped data for each case against the intervention logic model and then used Bhaskar’s (2016) ‘DREIC’ analytic process to categorise cases according to extent of intervention delivery, outcomes evidenced, and contributing factors behind engagement or disengagement and progress achieved. Results There were variations in the dose and session focus of the intervention delivery, and how different participants responded. Participants sustaining long-term engagement and sustained change reached a state of ‘crises but coping’. We found evidence that several components of the intervention were key to achieving this: trusting relationships, therapeutic work delivered well and over time; and an in-depth shared understanding of needs, concerns, and goals between the practitioner and participants. Those who disengaged were in one of the following states: ‘Crises and chaos’, ‘Resigned acceptance’, ‘Honeymoon’ or ‘Wilful withdrawal’. Conclusions We demonstrate that the ‘implementability’ of an intervention can be explained by examining the delivery of core intervention components in relation to the responses elicited in the participants. Core delivery mechanisms often had to be ‘triggered’ numerous times to produce sustained change. The improvements achieved, sustained, and valued by participants were not always reflected in the quantitative measures recorded in the RCT. The compatibility between the practitioner, participant and setting were continually at risk of being undermined by implementation failure as well as changing external circumstances and participants’ own weaknesses. Trial registration number ISRCTN11707331, Wales Research Ethics Committee, Registered 02-04-2016—Retrospectively registered https://doi.org/10.1186/ISRCTN11707331.
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Hastings, Rachel N. "“Black Human” and “Remember”." Departures in Critical Qualitative Research 7, no. 4 (2018): 163–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/dcqr.2018.7.4.163.
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The MenStroll Cycles is a dramatic poemplay examining the sociopolitical state of Black men in America. Written, produced, and curated by Rachel N. Hastings, The MenStroll Cycles uses literary, performance, and digital art to interrogate antiBlack social conditions and to educate audiences about the historical and cultural cycles leading to criminalization. As a fast-paced, rhythmic journey through Black intelligencia, Hastings's performance is inspired by the deaths of Trayvon Martin and Michael Brown, and movements like Black Lives Matter, which highlight a pattern of racial crises emerging around issues of police and community relations, institutional and systemic exclusion, and the disproportionate number of Black men in prison. Rarely are Black men and women represented as allies against a common foe. Hastings counters the notion that Black people cannot advocate and critique one another, while offering a critical Blackademik narrative about the use of performance as an artistic act of political resistance.
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Soares, Carla Poennia Gadelha, Marta Suiane Barbosa Machado Gomes, and Cynthia Corvello. "Da prisão à universidade: um relato autobiográfico (From prison to university: an autobiographic report)." Revista Eletrônica de Educação 15 (March 24, 2021): e4662028. http://dx.doi.org/10.14244/198271994662.
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e4662028The work now carried out comprises autobiographical research that brings as subject the first woman in custody in the state of Ceará to enter a Public University through the National High School Exam for Persons Deprived of Liberty, Cynthia Corvello. The main objective of the study is to present aspects of his life, especially in the period of serving his sentence (from 1998 to the present day), which relate to the experience of undergoing the exam, obtaining approval, and entering the Federal University of Ceará in 2012. Therefore, the elements referring to his experience as a graduate student and now a Master’s student in History are of interest to the proposed investigation. Methodologically, we invested in qualitative research along the lines of an autobiographical study. Cynthia Corvello was asked to narrate her life trajectory in writing, highlighting the emotions and feelings that marked her childhood, the moment of imprisonment, submission to the national exam, and admission to the University, sometimes as a graduate student, sometimes as a master student. The results emphasize the contribution of the National High School Examination for Persons Deprived of Liberty policy, which allows people in situations of deprivation of liberty to apply for a place in Higher Education and consequently modify their life histories.ResumoO trabalho ora realizado compreende uma pesquisa autobiográfica que traz como sujeito a primeira mulher em situação de privação de liberdade custodiada no estado do Ceará a ingressar em uma Universidade Pública por meio do Exame Nacional do Ensino Médio para Pessoas Privadas de Liberdade, Cynthia Corvello. O objetivo central do estudo é apresentar os aspectos de sua vida, especialmente no período de cumprimento da pena (de 1998 aos dias atuais), que se relacionam à experiência de se submeter ao referido exame, obter aprovação e ingressar na Universidade Federal do Ceará no ano de 2012. Portanto, os elementos referentes à sua experiência como estudante de graduação e agora mestranda em História interessam à investigação proposta. Metodologicamente se investiu em uma pesquisa qualitativa nos moldes de um estudo autobiográfico. Foi solicitado que Cynthia Corvello narrasse sua trajetória de vida por escrito, ressaltando as emoções e sentimentos que marcaram a sua infância, o momento da prisão, a submissão ao exame nacional e o ingresso na Universidade, ora como graduanda, ora como mestranda. Os resultados enfatizam a contribuição da política do Exame Nacional do Ensino Médio para Pessoas Privadas de Liberdade, que possibilita que pessoas em situação de privação de liberdade possam concorrer a uma vaga no Ensino Superior e consequentemente modificarem suas histórias de vida.Palavras-chave: Biografia, Prisão, Enem PPL.Keywords: Autobiography, Deprivation of freedom, Enem PPL.ReferencesABRAHÃO, Maria Helena Menna Barreto. Memória, narrativas e pesquisa autobiográfica. Revista História da Educação, Pelotas, n. 14, p. 79-95, 2003. Disponível em: https://seer.ufrgs.br/asphe/article/view/30223/pdf. Acesso em: 30 jul. 2020.ADORNO, Sérgio. A prisão sob a ótica de seus protagonistas: itinerário de uma pesquisa. Tempo Social: Revista de Sociologia da USP, São Paulo, v. 3, n. 1-2, p. 7-40, 1991. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/ts.v3i1/2.84813. Disponível em: https://www.scielo.br/pdf/ts/v3n1-2/0103-2070-ts-03-02-0007.pdf. Acesso em: 30 jul. 2020.ANDRÉ, Marli. Texto, contexto e significado: algumas questões na análise de dados qualitativos. Cadernos de Pesquisa, São Paulo, n. 45, p. 66-71, 1983. Disponível em: http://publicacoes.fcc.org.br/ojs/index.php/cp/article/view/1491/1485. Acesso em: 30 jul. 2020.BARRETO, Lima. Cemitério dos Vivos. São Paulo: Planeta, 2004.BOFF, Leonardo. A águia e a galinha. Rio de Janeiro: Sextante, 2009.BRASIL. Levantamento Nacional de Informações Penitenciárias: Infopen. Brasília, DF: Ministério da Justiça e Segurança Pública, 2019.BRASIL. Portaria nº 807, de 18 de junho de 2010. Institui o Exame Nacional do Ensino Médio - ENEM como procedimento de avaliação cujo objetivo é aferir se o participante do Exame, ao final do ensino médio, demonstra domínio dos princípios científicos e tecnológicos que presidem a produção moderna e conhecimento das formas contemporâneas de linguagem. Diário Oficial [da] República Federativa do Brasil, Poder Executivo, Brasília, DF, 21 jun. 2010.CEARÁ. Plano Estadual de Educação nas Prisões do Estado do Ceará. Fortaleza: Seduc, 2020.CHARLOT, Bernard. A pesquisa educacional entre conhecimentos, políticas e práticas: especificidades e desafios de uma área de saber. Revista Brasileira de Educação, Rio de Janeiro, v. 11, n. 31, p. 7-18, 2006. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/S1413-24782006000100002. Disponível em: https://www.scielo.br/pdf/rbedu/v11n31/a02v11n31.pdf. Acesso em: 30 jul. 2020.DENZIN, Norman. Interpretando a vida de pessoas comuns: Sartre, Heidegger e Faulkner. Dados, Rio de Janeiro, v. 27, n. 1, 1984.DOSTOIÉVSKI, Fiódor. Recordações da casa dos mortos. São Paulo: Nova Alexandria, 2006.ERIKSON, Erik Homburger. Crescimento e crises. In: MILLON, T. (Org.). Teorias da psicopatologia e personalidade. Rio de Janeiro: Interamericana, 1979. p. 91-104.FOUCAULT, Michel. A vida dos homens infames. In: MOTTA, Manoel Barros da (Org.). Estratégia, poder-saber. 2. ed. Rio de Janeiro: Forense Universitária, 2006. p. 203-222.FOUCAULT, Michel. Microfísica do poder. 15. ed. Rio de Janeiro: Graal, 2000.GOFFMAN, Erving. Manicômios, prisões e conventos. São Paulo: Perspectiva, 2013.HART, Carl. Nelson Mandela. São Paulo: Macmillan Education, 2009.IBGE – Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística. Síntese de Indicadores Sociais. Rio de Janeiro: IBGE, 2019.IMBERNÓN, Francisco. Formação continuada de professores. Porto Alegre: Artmed, 2010.INEP – Instituto Nacional de Estudos e Pesquisas Educacionais Anísio Teixeira. Enem PPL: participantes, 2020. Brasília, DF: MEC, 2020.LISPECTOR, Clarice. A descoberta do mundo. Rio de Janeiro: Rocco, 1999.MAEYER, Marc De. A educação na prisão não é uma mera atividade. Educação Realidade, Porto Alegre, v. 38, n. 1, p. 33-49, 2013. Disponível em: https://www.scielo.br/pdf/edreal/v38n1/04.pdf. Acesso em: 30 jul. 2020.MENDES, Igor. A pequena prisão. São Paulo: N-1, 2017.NASCIMENTO, Valdriano Ferreira do. O currículo produzido nas veredas da prática na formação do pedagogo na UECE. 2019. 218 f. Tese (Doutorado em Educação) – Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação, Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Fortaleza, 2019.NOGUEIRA, Oracy. Preconceito racial de marca e preconceito racial de origem: sugestão de um quadro de referência para a interpretação do material sobre relações raciais no Brasil. Tempo Social: Revista de Sociologia da USP, São Paulo, v. 19, n. 1, p. 287-308, 2006. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/S0103-20702007000100015. Disponível em: https://www.scielo.br/pdf/ts/v19n1/a15v19n1.pdf. Acesso em: 30 jul. 2020.ONOFRE, Elenice Maria Cammarosano. Educação escolar na prisão: o olhar de alunos e professores. Jundiaí: Paco, 2014.SILVEIRA, Fernando Lang da; BARBOSA, Marcia Cristina Bernardes; SILVA, Roberto da. Exame Nacional do Ensino Médio (ENEM): uma análise crítica. Revista Brasileira de Ensino de Física, São Paulo, v. 37, n. 1, p. 1101-1104, 2015. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1806-11173710001. Disponível em: https://www.scielo.br/pdf/rbef/v37n1/1806-1117-rbef-s1806-11173710001.pdf. Acesso em: 30 jul. 2020.SOARES, Carla Poennia Gadelha. Diário de aula: registros do repensar docente a respeito da avaliação de ensino-aprendizagem no contexto de privação de liberdade. 2019. 282 f. Tese (Doutorado em Educação) – Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, 2019.STAKE, Robert. Pesquisa qualitativa: estudando como as coisas funcionam. Porto Alegre: Penso, 2011.
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Jama-Alol, Khadra Abdi, Eva Malacova, Anna Ferrante, Janine Alan, Louise Stewart, and David Preen. "Influence of offence type and prior imprisonment on risk of death following release from prison: a whole-population linked data study." International Journal of Prisoner Health 11, no. 2 (June 15, 2015): 108–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijph-10-2013-0046.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the influence of offence type, prior imprisonment and various socio-demographic characteristics on mortality at 28 and 365 days following prison release. Design/methodology/approach – Using whole-population linked, routinely collected administrative state-based imprisonment and mortality data, the authors conducted a retrospective study of 12,677 offenders released from Western Australian prisons in the period 1994-2003. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to examine the association between mortality at 28 and 365 days post-release and offence type, prior imprisonment, and a range of socio-demographic characteristics (age, gender, social disadvantage and Indigenous status). Findings – Overall, 135 (1.1 per cent) died during the 365 days follow-up period, of these, 17.8 per cent (n=24) died within the first 28 days (four weeks) of their index release. Ex-prisoners who had committed drug-related offences had significantly higher risk of 28-day post-release mortality (HR=28.4; 95 per cent CI: 1.3-615.3, p=0.033), than those who had committed violent (non-sexual) offences. A significant association was also found between the number of previous incarcerations and post-release mortality at 28 days post-release, with three prior prison terms carrying the highest mortality risk (HR=73.8; 95 per cent CI: 1.8-3,092.5, p=0.024). No association between mortality and either offence type or prior imprisonment was seen at 365 days post-release. Originality/value – Post-release mortality at 28 days was significantly associated with offence type (with drug-related offences carrying the greatest risk) and with prior imprisonment, but associations did not persist to 365 days after release. Targeting of short-term transitional programmes to reduce preventable deaths after return to the community could be tailored to these high-risk ex-prisoners.
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Liu, Yiran E., Everton Ferreira Lemos, Crhistinne Cavalheiro Maymone Gonçalves, Roberto Dias de Oliveira, Andrea da Silva Santos, Agne Oliveira do Prado Morais, Mariana Garcia Croda, et al. "All-cause and cause-specific mortality during and following incarceration in Brazil: A retrospective cohort study." PLOS Medicine 18, no. 9 (September 17, 2021): e1003789. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1003789.
Full textAbstract:
Background Mortality during and after incarceration is poorly understood in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). The need to address this knowledge gap is especially urgent in South America, which has the fastest growing prison population in the world. In Brazil, insufficient data have precluded our understanding of all-cause and cause-specific mortality during and after incarceration. Methods and findings We linked incarceration and mortality databases for the Brazilian state of Mato Grosso do Sul to obtain a retrospective cohort of 114,751 individuals with recent incarceration. Between January 1, 2009 and December 31, 2018, we identified 3,127 deaths of individuals with recent incarceration (705 in detention and 2,422 following release). We analyzed age-standardized, all-cause, and cause-specific mortality rates among individuals detained in different facility types and following release, compared to non-incarcerated residents. We additionally modeled mortality rates over time during and after incarceration for all causes of death, violence, or suicide. Deaths in custody were 2.2 times the number reported by the national prison administration (n = 317). Incarcerated men and boys experienced elevated mortality, compared with the non-incarcerated population, due to increased risk of death from violence, suicide, and communicable diseases, with the highest standardized incidence rate ratio (IRR) in semi-open prisons (2.4; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.0 to 2.8), police stations (3.1; 95% CI: 2.5 to 3.9), and youth detention (8.1; 95% CI: 5.9 to 10.8). Incarcerated women experienced increased mortality from suicide (IRR = 6.0, 95% CI: 1.2 to 17.7) and communicable diseases (IRR = 2.5, 95% CI: 1.1 to 5.0). Following release from prison, mortality was markedly elevated for men (IRR = 3.0; 95% CI: 2.8 to 3.1) and women (IRR = 2.4; 95% CI: 2.1 to 2.9). The risk of violent death and suicide was highest immediately post-release and declined over time; however, all-cause mortality remained elevated 8 years post-release. The limitations of this study include inability to establish causality, uncertain reliability of data during incarceration, and underestimation of mortality rates due to imperfect database linkage. Conclusions Incarcerated individuals in Brazil experienced increased mortality from violence, suicide, and communicable diseases. Mortality was heightened following release for all leading causes of death, with particularly high risk of early violent death and elevated all-cause mortality up to 8 years post-release. These disparities may have been underrecognized in Brazil due to underreporting and insufficient data.
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Golovinov, A. V., and Yu V. Golovinova. "“Plunging into the Ontology of Prison Dungeons”: Social and Political Ideas of N. M. Yadrintsev about Places of Detention and Exiled Settlers on the Pages of the Prerevolutionary Publications “Delo” and “Nedelya”." Bulletin of Irkutsk State University. Series Political Science and Religion Studies 45 (2023): 18–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.26516/2073-3380.2023.45.18.
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The publication is devoted to the reconstruction of social and political ideas of N. M. Yadrintsev in the field of problems of penitentiary policy. The authors emphasize the current political journalism of the ideologist of the Siberian regionalism, presented in the pre-revolutionary publications Delo and Nedelya. The purpose of the study is to show that it was on the pages of these central publications that the Siberian intellectual for the first time in his ideological and political heritage multilaterally reflected on exile as a punishment and widely discussed the “prison issue”. The article establishes that the founder of Siberian democratic regionalism consistently and systematically outlined a set of problematic issues and pain points of the state penitentiary policy of pre-revolutionary Russia already at an early stage of his ideological and political work. It is also shown that, within the framework of cooperation with democratic St. Petersburg publications, N. M. Yadrintsev shared with the reader his own observations and thoughts about the correctional and colonization significance of exile. Trying to substantiate the thesis of the inexpediency of exile to Siberia, the educator on the pages of the "Case" gave a detailed analysis of the historical sketch of Russian exile. Also, the ideologist of regionalism emphasized that solitary confinement, especially long-term one, only coarsens the criminal.
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Mian, Maha, Matt Vogel, Brianna Altman, Luna Ueno, and Mitch Earleywine. "Policing Pot: State-Level Cannabis Arrests Increase Perceived Risks and Costs but Not Use." Cannabis 5, no. 2 (July 11, 2022): 40–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.26828/cannabis/2022.02.004.
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Legal sanctions are purported to play a role in cannabis use and related consequences. General models of deterrence suggest that increases in arrests should decrease consumption by heightening perceptions of the negative consequences of use as well as the likelihood and severity of penalties. The present study examined if arrests resulting from cannabis possession relate to cannabis consumption, perceptions of use, and likelihood and severity of related penalties. Combining data from the National Survey on Drug Use and Health with the FBI Uniform Crime Report (2002-2013) allowed for the estimation of a series of fixed-effects models that compare rates of arrests and perceived risks of aggregate rates of self-reported use at the state-level over time. Forty-nine states reported data (N = 592 state-years). Cannabis-related arrest rates (ratio of possession arrests for state/state population times 1,000) ranged from 0.04 - 5.63. Increases in cannabis-related arrests were associated with heightened perceptions of risk from use (b = .80 [-.16, 1.8], p < .05); but this association was non-significant in the model omitting states that legalized recreational cannabis in 2012. Arrests related to greater perceptions of the severity of potential penalties, including community service (b = .54 [.24, .85], p < .05), probation (b = .85 [.44, 1.3], p < .001), and prison sentences (b = .25 [.02, .5], p < .05). Arrest rates were not associated with cannabis use (b = -.25 [-.52, .05], p > .05) or the proportion of new initiates (b = -.02 [-.08, .05], p > .05). We conclude that increased arrests are associated with perceptions of negative consequences and penalty but appear unrelated to actual use. This study highlights the need to re-examine the utility of punitive approaches to reduce the public health burden posed by substance use.
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Golovinov, Alexandr, and Julia Головинова. "Criticism of Texts of Legislative Acts of the Russian Empire in the Political and Legal Work of N. M. Yadrintsev." Legal Linguistics, no. 28(39) (July 1, 2023): 27–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.14258/leglin(2023)2804.
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The publication concerns the problem of analysis of some legislative acts of imperial Russia in the political and legal ideology of the regionalists. An attempt has been made to show the diversity of references in the language of the regional doctrine to legislation and legal terms. It is shown that representatives of the Siberian regionalism movement were very selective in their analysis of the texts of legal acts of the Russian Empire, which was due to their interests for specific problems.
The authors found that while theoretically analyzing various government decrees on the proportionality of punishment and reduction of exile, such as Decrees of 1811 and 1821, as well as the Charter of 1822 on exiles, the Siberian thinker assessed the system of punishments as unsatisfactory. The attitude to this type of criminal punishment among legal scholars of the second half of the XIX century was ambiguous.
It is emphasized that the application of progressive views of legal scholars is very often observed in the political and legal ideology of regionalism. For example, N. M. Yadrintsev referred to the provisions of the International Prison Congress of Stockholm.
The authors comes to the conclusion that the textual analysis of the legislation by the regionalists in regard to the penitentiary policy of the state, including the problem of exile and maintenance of convicts, together with references to the doctrine of law, made it possible to comprehensively approach the solution of certain political and legal problems.
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Alnahhas, Iyad, Appaji Rayi, Yasmeen Rauf, Shirley Ong, Pierre Giglio, and Vinay Puduvalli. "NCOG-42. INITIAL PRESENTATION AND OUTPATIENT VISIT COMPLIANCE OF INMATES WITH BRAIN TUMORS." Neuro-Oncology 22, Supplement_2 (November 2020): ii138. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/neuonc/noaa215.580.
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Abstract INTRODUCTION While advocacy for inmates with cancer has recently gained momentum, little is known about management of brain tumors in inmates. Delays in acknowledging or recognizing nonspecific initial symptoms can lead to delayed diagnosis and treatment. Inmates with cancer are reported to either be ignored or receive substandard care due in part to cost or logistics (American Civil Liberties Union; ASCO Post 2018). METHODS In this retrospective study, we identified inmates with gliomas seen in the Ohio State University Neuro-oncology Center between 1/1/2010-4/20/2019. RESULTS Twelve patients were identified. Median age at presentation was 39.5 years (range 28-62). Eleven patients were Caucasian and one was African American. Diagnoses included glioblastoma (GBM) (n=6), anaplastic astrocytoma (n=1), anaplastic oligodendroglioma (n=1), low-grade astrocytoma (n=3) and anaplastic pleomorphic xanthroastrocytoma (n=1). Patients were more likely to present early after seizures or focal neurologic deficits (9/12) than after headaches alone. Patients with GBM started RT 12-71 days after surgery (median 34.5). One patient’s post-RT MRI was delayed by a month and another with GBM had treatment held after 4 cycles of adjuvant temozolomide (TMZ) due to “incarceration issues”. For one patient who received adjuvant TMZ, the facility failed to communicate with the primary team throughout treatment. Two patients suffered significant nausea while on chemotherapy due to inability to obtain ondansetron in prison, or due to wrong timing. 7/12 (58%) patients were lost to follow-up for periods of 3-15 months during treatment. Three patients refused adjuvant treatment. CONCLUSIONS Although this is a small series, our results highlight the inequities and challenges faced by inmates with gliomas who are more likely to forego treatments or whose incarceration prevents them from keeping appropriate treatment and follow-up schedules. Additional studies are needed to define and address these deficiencies in the care of inmates with brain tumors and other cancers.
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Kaiksow, Farah. "HOSPITALIZATIONS OF OLDER INCARCERATED ADULTS: HOW ARE THEY DIFFERENT?" Innovation in Aging 7, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2023): 488. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igad104.1605.
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Abstract By 2030, over one-third of the US prison population will be ≥55 years old. In addition to their biological age, incarcerated patients are at increased risk of geriatric conditions due to accelerated aging. As these individuals age, so will their need for community hospitalizations, which already account for 20% ($1.5 billion annually) of state correctional health spending. To date, there has been very limited data on these hospitalizations. This descriptive study provides the largest amount of information yet, comparing 10 years of data on male incarcerated patients (N=4,401 admissions) to a cohort of nonincarcerated males (N=22,150) from a tertiary care center. Incarcerated patients were more likely to be ≤55 than non-incarcerated (53.9% vs. 20.7%) and have shorter lengths of stay (4.7 vs. 5.8 days). The most common diagnosis for both groups was cardiac-related (ICD-10 Chapter 9), while mental health diagnoses (ICD-10 Chapter 5) were the second most common for incarcerated patients but not in the top five for non-incarcerated. Incarcerated patients had higher Charlson Comorbidity Index scores, with incarcerated patients having higher scores beginning at age 50 than non-incarcerated ≥80. Surprisingly, the one-year mortality rate for incarcerated patients was almost half that for non-incarcerated (56/1,000 vs. 101/1,000); one possible explanation for this disparity is that the community health system data on incarcerated patients may be incomplete. This study supports the theory of accelerated aging among incarcerated individuals and highlights the need for improved data on which to base policy changes to improve the care of this vulnerable population.