Academic literature on the topic 'State Weather Service'
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Journal articles on the topic "State Weather Service"
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Bugay, Nikolay F. "Natural triangle of best weather: Anapa (former Turkish fortress) – Temryuk (possession of the Kabardian prince Temryuk (Temroko) Idarov – Taman (ancient Tmutarakan)." Historical and social-educational ideas 12, no. 4-5 (October 29, 2020): 25–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.17748/2075-9908-2020-12-4-5-25-52.
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The state of the hydrometeorological network in any state, its effective work in solving the urgent problem of creating conditions for ensuring the country's security is also a vivid evidence of the ability and capabilities of the state itself in organizing the effective work of services necessary to support comfortable living conditions for the population. Scientists studying the history of various kinds of services in the state, in relation to the weather service, pay more attention to the past periods, connected to a large extent with the history of the emergence of a particular service, the provision of trained specialists, the provision of the economic side of the services. If we turn to the weather service, then, undoubtedly, the question of the formation of labor collectives at the meteorological station and other structures of the weather service should be put in the first place. The work of teams of specialists in modern conditions should not be disregarded. It is certainly associated with the past, with the traditions that were laid down by past generations and are carefully preserved for different weather stations. In general, they continue to develop and improve the methods of work of teams, rely on the scientific base, created technologies for observing and processing the data obtained, which met the requirements of the time in the past, and the formed base of observations of atmospheric phenomena. The article focuses primarily on the organization of the work of weather service specialists in modern conditions, which makes it possible to clarify many aspects of the process of organizing the activities of the observation system both in the regions of Russia, as well as on the scale of the state as a whole.
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Achilleos, Nicholas, Patrick Guio, Nicolas André, and Arianna M. Sorba. "A magnetodisc model service for planetary space weather studies." Journal of Space Weather and Space Climate 9 (2019): A24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/swsc/2019022.
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Theoretical models play an important role in the Planetary Space Weather Services (PSWS) of the European Planetary Network (“Europlanet”), due to their ability to predict the physical response of magnetospheric environments to compressions or rarefactions in the upstream solar wind flow. We illustrate this aspect by presenting examples of some calculations done with the UCL Magnetodisc Model in both “Jupiter” and “Saturn” mode. Similar model outputs can now be provided via the PSWS MAGNETODISC service. For each planet’s space environment, we present example model outputs showing the effect of compressions and rarefactions on the global magnetic field, plasma pressure and azimuthal current density. As a simple illustration of the physics underlying these reference models, we quantify solar wind effects by comparing the “compressed” and “expanded” outputs to a nominal “average-state” model, reflecting more typical solar wind dynamic pressures. We also describe the implementation of the corresponding PSWS MAGNETODISC Service, through which similar outputs may be obtained by potential users.
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Bingham, Suzy, Sophie A. Murray, Antonio Guerrero, Alexi Glover, and Peter Thorn. "Summary of the plenary sessions at European Space Weather Week 15: space weather users and service providers working together now and in the future." Journal of Space Weather and Space Climate 9 (2019): A32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/swsc/2019031.
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During European Space Weather Week 15 two plenary sessions were held to review the status of operational space weather forecasting. The first session addressed the topic of working with space weather service providers now and in the future, the user perspective. The second session provided the service perspective, addressing experiences in forecasting development and operations. Presentations in both sessions provided an overview of international efforts on these topics, and panel discussion topics arising in the first session were used as a basis for panel discussion in the second session. Discussion topics included experiences during the September 2017 space weather events, cross domain impacts, timeliness of notifications, and provision of effective user education. Users highlighted that a severe space weather event did not necessarily lead to severe impacts for each individual user across the different sectors. Service providers were generally confident that timely and reliable information could be provided during severe and extreme events, although stressed that more research and funding were required in this relatively new field of operational space weather forecasting, to ensure continuation of capabilities and further development of services, in particular improved forecasting targeting user needs. Here a summary of the sessions is provided followed by a commentary on the current state-of-the-art and potential next steps towards improvement of services.
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Niess, Margaret L. "Forecast: Changing Mathematics Curriculum and Increasing Pressure for Higher-Level Thinking Skills." Arithmetic Teacher 41, no. 2 (October 1993): 129–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.5951/at.41.2.0129.
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There's a lot of exciting new technology that the weather service plans to incorporate in the next decade. But, to do that, positions in the weather service will have to be upgraded from technical to scientific. people with a higher level of skill in using and interpreting the new data available” (Oregon State University ews Service 1990. 3). Technology is affecting the work force. changing not only the skills that are needed but also the level of those skills. Thus, the education of those workers assuming the newly defined positions must reflect the changes.
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Uccellini, Louis W., and John E. Ten Hoeve. "Evolving the National Weather Service to Build a Weather-Ready Nation: Connecting Observations, Forecasts, and Warnings to Decision-Makers through Impact-Based Decision Support Services." Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 100, no. 10 (October 2019): 1923–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/bams-d-18-0159.1.
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AbstractAs the cost and societal impacts of extreme weather, water, and climate events continue to rise across the United States, the National Weather Service (NWS) has adopted a strategic vision of a Weather-Ready Nation that aims to help all citizens be ready, responsive, and resilient to extreme weather, water, and climate events. To achieve this vision and to meet the NWS mission of saving lives and property and enhancing the national economy, the NWS must improve the accuracy and timeliness of forecasts and warnings, and must directly connect these forecasts and warnings to critical life- and property-saving decisions through the provision of impact-based decision support services (IDSS). While the NWS has been moving in this direction for years, the shift to delivering IDSS holistically requires an agency-wide transformation. This article discusses the elements driving the need for change at the NWS to build a Weather-Ready Nation; the foundational basis for IDSS; ongoing challenges to provide IDSS across federal, state, local, tribal, and territorial levels of government; the path toward evolving the NWS to deliver more effective IDSS; the importance of partnerships within the weather, water, and climate enterprise and with those responsible for public safety to achieve the Weather-Ready Nation vision; and initial supporting evidence and lessons learned from early efforts.
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Astsatryan, Hrachya, Hayk Grogoryan, Eliza Gyulgyulyan, Anush Hakobyan, Aram Kocharyan, Wahi Narsisian, Vladimir Sahakyan, et al. "Weather Data Visualization and Analytical Platform." Scalable Computing: Practice and Experience 19, no. 2 (May 10, 2018): 79–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.12694/scpe.v19i2.1351.
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This article aims to present a web-based interactive visualization and analytical platform for weather data in Armenia by integrating the three existing infrastructures for observational data, numerical weather prediction, and satellite image processing. The weather data used in the platform consists of near-surface atmospheric elements including air temperature, pressure, relative humidity, wind and precipitation. The visualization and analytical platform has been implemented for 2-m surface temperature. The platform gives Armenian State Hydrometeorological and Monitoring Service analytical capabilities to analyze the in-situ observations, model and satellite image data per station and region for a given period.
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Tahir, Muhammad Naeem, and Marcos Katz. "Heterogeneous (ITS-G5 and 5G) Vehicular Pilot Road Weather Service Platform in a Realistic Operational Environment." Sensors 21, no. 5 (March 1, 2021): 1676. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21051676.
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VANETs (Vehicular Ad hoc Networks) operating in conjunction with road-side infrastructure connecting road-side infrastructure are an emerging field of wireless communication technology in the vehicular communication’s domain. For VANETs, the IEEE 802.11p-based ITS-G5 is one of the key standards for communication globally. This research work integrates the ITS-G5 with a cellular-based 5G Test Network (5GTN). The resulting advanced heterogeneous Vehicular Network (VN) test-bed works as an effective platform for traffic safety between vehicles and road-side-infrastructure. This test-bed network provides a flexible framework to exploit vehicle-based weather data and road observation information, creating a service architecture for VANETs that supports real-time intelligent traffic services. The network studied in this paper aims to deliver improved road safety by providing real-time weather forecast, road friction information and road traffic related services. This article presents the implementation of a realistic test-bed in Northern Finland and the field measurement results of the heterogeneous VANETs considering the speed of vehicle, latency, good-put time and throughput. The field measurement results have been obtained in a state-of-the-art hybrid VANET system supporting special road weather services. Based on field measurement results, we suggest an efficient solution for a comprehensive hybrid vehicular networking infrastructure exploiting road weather information.
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Carlton, J. Stuart, James R. Angel, Songlin Fei, Matthew Huber, Tomas M. Koontz, Brian J. MacGowan, Nathan D. Mullendore, Nicholas Babin, and Linda S. Prokopy. "State Service Foresters' Attitudes Toward Using Climate and Weather Information When Advising Forest Landowners." Journal of Forestry 112, no. 1 (January 28, 2014): 9–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.5849/jof.13-054.
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Hosterman, MEM, Heather R., Jeffrey K. Lazo, PhD, Jennifer M. Sprague-Hilderbrand, JD, and Jeffery E. Adkins, MS. "Using the National Weather Service’s impact-based decision support services to prepare for extreme winter storms." Journal of Emergency Management 17, no. 6 (December 1, 2019): 455–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.5055/jem.2019.0439.
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In recent years, the National Weather Service (NWS) increased its focus on providing decision support services to the emergency management community and other core partners to help them understand its forecasts and take appropriate actions in the face of upcoming extreme events. In 2011, the Weather-Ready Nation Strategic Plan began to formalize the NWS approach to impact-based decision support services (IDSS). NWS recognizes IDSS as a primary service and is working to fully and more effectively provide it to federal, state, local, and tribal decision-makers. To do so, it is important that NWS understands how users are benefiting from existing IDSS, even as they look to improve it. This article aims to provide emergency managers (EMs) with an understanding of the efficacy of IDSS. The authors define IDSS and describe the IDSS products and services available during each stage of the emergency-management cycle: preparedness, mitigation, response, and recovery. To demonstrate the role of IDSS for the emergency management community, the authors use a case study analysis to compare two winter storms in the New York City area with similar characteristics but differing in their implementation of IDSS: the December 2010 winter storm (no formal IDSS) and the January 2016 winter storm (formal IDSS). In comparing the winter storm case studies, the authors find that formal IDSS provides EMs and other core partners with accurate, actionable, and consistent weather information and support that allows them to respond to winter storms in a way that reduces impacts to lives and livelihoods.
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Handal, K. A. "Service Organizations in Disasters." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 1, no. 3 (1985): 267–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x0006581x.
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Our belief that there is a superagency that goes to work when a disaster occurs is unfounded. What does exist is a network of integrating expertise and resources that are escalated from different routine activities to cooperatively respond to one event. This paper concerns the governmental approach in one area, New York City.In the United States, federal and state laws exist to minimize the effects of disasters, by identifying measures to prevent or mitigate them, developing mechanisms to coordinate the use of resource and manpower during disasters, and by providing recovery and redevelopment following a disaster. These functions and services are coordinated to the maximum extent with comparable activities of local state and federal governments, and many voluntary private agencies. Organizational responsibility follows a bi-directional flow from federal to state to county-, city-, town- and village level, and in the reverse (Fig. 1). The roles and responsibilities depend on the type of disaster (Fig. 2) and hence the response and activity needed. Response activities include need for clothing, crisis counseling, debris removal and disposal, disease and pest control, equipment and supplies, evacuation, food provisions, fuel provisions, housing and shelter, identification and disposition of the dead, labor pools, law and order, medical care and treatment, power provision, protective measures, search and rescue, sewage control, transportation, the need to waiver codes, water provisions, and weather forecasting.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "State Weather Service"
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Bogenschutz, Peter A. Ruscher Paul. "Skill assessment and benefits on applying the new weather research and forecast model to national weather service forcast operations." 2004. http://etd.lib.fsu.edu/theses/available/etd-11122004-131729.
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Thesis (M.S.)--Florida State University, 2004.Advisor: Dr. Paul Ruscher, Florida State University, College of Arts and Sciences, Dept. of Meteorology. Title and description from dissertation home page (viewed Jan. 12, 2005). Includes bibliographical references.
Books on the topic "State Weather Service"
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Johnson, Victoria. Collaborative research on road weather observations and predictions by universities, state DOTs and National Weather Service Forecast Offices. McLean, Va: Turner-Fairbank Highway Research Center, 2004.
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United States. General Accounting Office. Accounting and Information Management Division. Weather service modernization questions. Washington, D.C: The Office, 1995.
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Division, United States General Accounting Office Accounting and Information Management. Weather service modernization staffing. Washington, D.C: The Office, 1995.
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United States. National Weather Service. Vision 2005: National Weather Service strategic plan for weather, water, and climate services, 2000-2005. [Silver Spring, Md.?]: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Weather Service, 1999.
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Markus, Rita M. Air Weather Service: Our heritage, 1937-1987. Scott AFB, Ill: Military Airlift Command, U.S. Air Force, 1987.
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National Research Council (U.S.). Committee on National Weather Service Modernization. Toward a new national weather service: Future of the National Weather Service Cooperative Observer Network. Washington, D.C: National Academy Press, 1998.
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National Academy Press (U.S.), National Academy of Sciences (U.S.), and United States. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, eds. Toward a new national weather service: Second report. Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 1992.
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National Research Council (U.S.). Committee on National Weather Service Modernization. Toward a new national weather service: A first report. Washington, D.C: National Academy Press, 1991.
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National Research Council (U.S.). Committee on National Weather Service Modernization. Toward a new national weather service: Second report. Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 1992.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "State Weather Service"
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Joselyn, Jo Ann. "State of the Art in Space Weather Services and Forecasting." In Space Storms and Space Weather Hazards, 419–36. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-0983-6_17.
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Alliagbor, Rasheedat, David Olufemi Awolala, and Igbekele Amos Ajibefun. "Smallholders Use of Weather Information as Smart Adaptation Strategy in the Savannah Area of Ondo State, Nigeria." In African Handbook of Climate Change Adaptation, 1601–11. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-45106-6_126.
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AbstractWeather information is needed for smart decisions because uncertainties in weather phenomena are beyond capacity of smallholders for autonomous responses. The study analyzed determinants of farmers’ use of weather information as smart adaptation strategy. Arable crop farmers were sampled in the derived savannah agro-ecology area of Ondo State, Nigeria. Heckman probit model estimates show that gender and agricultural extension services were significant positive drivers of farmers’ access to weather information. Should weather information becomes an alternative adaptation strategy, access to credit was found as the major driver of farmers’ propensity to use weather information before taking climate smart agricultural decisions. Further results reveal that increasing knowledge of onset date, large farm size, and access to agricultural extension services significantly reduced farmers’ propensity to use improved weather information for smart decisions in the dry savannah area.
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Keeney, Harold ‘Jim’, Steve Buan, and Laura Diamond. "Multi-Hazard Early Warning System of the United States National Weather Service." In Institutional Partnerships in Multi-Hazard Early Warning Systems, 115–57. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-25373-7_6.
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Haggard, H. Rider. "Chapter III: Umbopa Enters our Service." In King Solomon's Mines. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/owc/9780198722953.003.0004.
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It takes from four to five days, according to the vessel and the state of the weather, to run up from the Cape to Durban. Sometimes, if the landing is bad at East London, where they have not yet got that wonderful harbour*...
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Meyer, William B. "Since 1945: New Amenities, New Hazards." In Americans and Their Weather. Oxford University Press, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195131826.003.0011.
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If the average citizen's surroundings defined the national climate, then the United States grew markedly warmer and drier in the postwar decades. Migration continued to carry the center of population west and began pulling it southward as well. The growth of what came to be called the Sunbelt at the "Snowbelt's" expense passed a landmark in the early 1960s when California replaced New York as the most populous state. Another landmark was established in the early 1990s when Texas moved ahead of New York. In popular discussion, it was taken for granted that finding a change of climate was one of the motives for relocating as well as one of the results. It was not until 1954, though, that an American social scientist first seriously considered the possibility. The twentieth-century flow of Americans to the West Coast, the geographer Edward L. Ullman observed in that year, had no precedent in world history. It could not be explained by the theories of settlement that had worked well in the past, for a substantial share of it represented something entirely new, "the first large-scale in-migration to be drawn by the lure of a pleasant climate." If it was the first of its kind, it was unlikely to be the last. For a set of changes in American society, Ullman suggested, had transformed the economic role of climate. The key changes included a growth in the numbers of pensioned retirees; an increase in trade and service employment, much more "footloose" than agriculture or manufacturing was; developments in technology making manufacturing itself more footloose; and a great increase in mobility brought about by the automobile and the highway. All in one way or another had weakened the bonds of place and made Americans far freer than before to choose where to live. Whatever qualities made life in any spot particularly pleasant thus attracted migration more than in the past. Ullman grouped such qualities together as "amenities." They ranged from mountains to beaches to cultural attractions, but climate appeared to be the most important, not least because it was key to the enjoyment of many of the rest. Ullman did not suppose that all Americans desired the same climate. For most people, in this as in other respects, "where one was born and lives is the best place in the world, no matter how forsaken a hole it may appear to an outsider."
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Kneeland, Timothy W. "Without Warning and Defenseless." In Playing Politics with Natural Disaster, 104–18. Cornell University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501748530.003.0008.
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This chapter describes how the public also vented anger and frustration at agents of government whose job it was to protect people before a natural disaster occurred. The public was incensed at having received no warnings from the National Weather Service (NWS) and demanded to know why their local civil defense organizations had failed in the midst of the crisis. The public expected to hold someone responsible for the death and the destruction of property. Assigning blame is an integral component of American democracy; in order for change to occur, the electorate must assign responsibility when the government fails so they can pressure officials into improving public policy. In response to the public outrage, elected officials conducted a series of hearings into what went wrong before and during the Hurricane Agnes disaster. State senator Bill Smith, who was unable to get Governor Nelson Rockefeller to agree to a special legislative session, teamed up with Senate majority leader Warren Anderson to hold special hearings into government failures during the disaster. These investigations would show just how tattered the disaster safety net had become in the days before Hurricane Agnes.
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Adams, T. E. "Flood Forecasting in the United States NOAA/National Weather Service." In Flood Forecasting, 249–310. Elsevier, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-801884-2.00010-4.
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Meyer, William B. "Modernizing America." In Americans and Their Weather. Oxford University Press, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195131826.003.0010.
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As late as 1911, a leading American geographer could confidently assert that blacks in the United States would always live chiefly in "the warm, moist air of the Gulf and South Atlantic states," "where they find the heat and moisture in which they thrive"; nature decreed that few would ever settle and fewer survive in the North because they could not withstand the cold. Events, though, were contradicting this blend of racial and climatic determinism. Black migration from the South to the colder states was already substantial. It intensified dramatically during World War I. A boom in labor demand in industry, along with a near-cessation of the immigration from Europe that had once filled it, drew black and white southerners alike in unheard-of numbers to the manufacturing cities of the North. The black exodus to Kansas in 1879 and 1880 had briefly looked as if it would become just such a mass interregional movement of population. But the pioneer Exodusters had suffered from the drastic change in climate, most of all because it affected their livelihoods in farming. Their skills, which lay in cotton growing, were useless in Kansas, and their experience did little to encourage others to follow. The great northward migration of the early twentieth century was a migration not to new farmlands but to the cities for factory and service employment. The difference in climate between southern origin and northern destination did not matter much to it. White southern farmers, fearing the loss of cheap labor, warned departing blacks that they would find the winters of the North too bitter to endure. The new exodus proceeded all the same, and it discredited in the process the long-held idea that either race or habit always imposed a latitudinal pattern on human movement. The change in climate from South to North did mean discomfort or worse for many who undertook it. They suffered especially from the unaccustomed cold that few could afford stoves and fuel to ward off—though they had suffered too from inadequate shelter and clothing in the southern winter.
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Browning, Judkin, and Timothy Silver. "An Environmental Legacy." In An Environmental History of the Civil War, 187–200. University of North Carolina Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5149/northcarolina/9781469655383.003.0008.
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This chapter discusses the long-term effects of the Civil War on the environment. The experience during the war led to improved techniques in the medical field and created a hospital system that was emulated around the world. The desire for accurate and reliable weather information led to the formation of the organization that ultimately became known as the National Weather Service. The experience with horses, hogs, and cattle during the war led to the formation of the first veterinary medicine programs in the United States. The treatment for illnesses led to hundreds of thousands of soldiers becoming hopelessly addicted to opium after the war. The livestock losses were so extreme that many southern states never recovered their livestock totals. Agricultural practices led to soil erosion, and the desire to preserve landscapes led to the creation of the National Park Service, among many other examples.
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Hurson, Ali R., and Xing Gao. "Location-Based Services." In Electronic Services, 759–66. IGI Global, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-61520-967-5.ch046.
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The past decade has seen advances in wireless network technologies and an explosive growth in the diversity of portable computing devices such as laptop computers, handheld personal computers, personal digital assistants (PDAs), and smart phones with Internet access. Wireless networking technologies and portable devices enable users to access information in an “anytime, anywhere” fashion. For example, a mobile user (MU) on the highway may query local weather, traffic information, nearby gas stations, next rest areas, or restaurants within 10 miles. Such new demands introduce a new type of services, location-based services (LBS), where certain location constraints (e.g., the user’s current location) are used in the service provision. The idea of queries with location constraints is originally introduced by Imielinski and Badrinath (1992), in which mobile users are likely to query information relating to their current positions, leading to the need for LBS. Such services are also termed as location dependent information services (LDIS) in Lee, Lee, Xu, and Zheng (2002). LBS system is the context sensitive systems in a mobile computing environment that consider the user’s location as a significant and dynamic factor affecting the information and services delivered to the users. The major LBS applications include: • Destination guides with maps, driving directions, and real time prompt • Location-based traffic and weather alerts • Wireless advertising and electronic coupons to nearby mobile devices • Movie, theatre and restaurant location and booking • Store locating applications helping users to find the desired services • Telematics-based roadside assistance (e.g., OnStar from General Motors) • Personal content and messaging (Live Chat with friends) • Mobile Yellow Pages provide local information • Information Services (News, Stocks, Sports) • E911: (Wireless carriers provide wireless callers’ numbers and locations.) Generally, LBS services can be classified into three general categories: telematics LBS, Internet LBS, and wireless LBS (Telc). Telematics LBS is the integration of wireless communications, vehicle monitoring systems, and location devices. Telematics LBS applications include automated vehicle location, fleet tracking, online navigation, and emergency assistance. For example, a trucking company can track all their fleet, proactively warn about traffic ahead, and estimate the arrival time. Commercial LBS providers are beginning to offer important management applications that help direct vehicle fleets and ensure optimal usage of key assets. Telematics LBS is a multibillion dollar service industry and is currently the largest segment of the LBS market (Telc). Internet LBS provide Internet users the services relevant to their specified locations. Because they use a user-specified location instead of the user’s current location, no positioning technology is required. For example, one can find turn-by-turn driving direction from one location to another and search for tour information about the destination. These services are targeting applications with stationary users, relatively powerful computers, and reliable network connections. As a result, Internet LBS support sophisticated services, such as local business searching and comparison, trip planning, online virtual tours, and so forth. Wireless LBS deliver location relevant content to cell phones, PDAs, and other wireless devices. Equipped with automated positioning technologies, MUs can query local weather, nearby traffic information, and local businesses close to them. For example, a user can search neighboring post office or coffer shop from the PDA. The wireless LBS market is currently in a nascent stage, but it will potentially become the largest segment of the LBS market. The deployment of third generation (3G) mobile network, which support handsets that are both mobile and location sensitive, will lead to more wireless LBS subscribers and more useful LBS applications.
Conference papers on the topic "State Weather Service"
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Simonsen, Martin Hjorth, Erik Larsson, Wengang Mao, and Jonas W. Ringsberg. "State-of-the-Art Within Ship Weather Routing." In ASME 2015 34th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2015-41939.
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Increased fuel prices and public awareness of environment impacts from shipping have attracted large efforts in maritime sector to increase its energy efficiency as a factor of competitiveness. Weather routing has become a recognized measure, which can partly help to achieve the targets as well as enhancing safety. A routing system requires a reliable optimization algorithm to consider a ship’s operational costs, expected time of arrival, and cargo safety etc. simultaneously. Hence, the service provided by a weather routing system is highly dependent on a properly selected optimization algorithm and associated input parameters. In this paper the concept of weather routing is broken down into many elements for further analysis. Focus is given to algorithms, constraints and weather forecasts used in the optimized routing plan. Two different aspects of state-of-the-art have been considered. The first is a study of software already in use and the second is a study of methods investigated in the research community. Furthermore, this paper also provides examples of development trends, for example the fatigue based routing, and the risk based routing, as well as its integration with onboard monitoring systems for more reliable weather and ship specific response information.
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Toffoli, Alessandro, Jean Michel Lefe`vre, Patrick Josse, and Jaak Monbaliu. "Investigation of Unexpected Sea-States." In ASME 2004 23rd International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2004-51181.
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It is assumed that dangerous and unexpected sea-states may occur if the sea conditions are fairly rough. It is therefore of concern to meteo centers to include sea-state related parameters in marine weather forecast when they exceed a certain threshold. To select appropriate parameters that can point at dangerous wave events, the sea-state at the time and location of shipping accidents reported as being due to bad weather by the Lloyd’s Marine Information Service (LMIS) were extracted from the ECMWF ERA-40 archive. The analysis of these wave parameters reveals the occurrence of apparently rather low sea-states (e.g. Hm0 < 4 m). To test the findings against the related oceanographic features, wave climatology was computed. The present study aims at finding a possible correlation between wave climate and shipping incidents to identify warning criteria.
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Manukalo, V., V. Boiko, and N. Holenya. "THE WMO PROJECT ON CATALOGING HAZARDOUS HYDROMETEOROLOGICAL EVENTS: LESSONS LEARNED BY UKRAINE." In XXVII Conference of the Danubian Countries on Hydrological Forecasting and Hydrological Bases of Water Management. Nika-Tsentr, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/uhmi.conference.01.19.
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The article deals with the results of research which was carried out by the Ukrainian Hydrometeorological Institute and the Ukrainian Hydrometeorological Center in the framework of the WMO Project "Cataloging Hazardous Hydrometeorological Events". The cataloging methodology was elaborated by WMO experts and is based on a standardized procedure for identification and description of natural disasters caused by hazardous hydrometeorological events, beginning from a time of creation of warning of dangerous event and up to ending of estimation of damages caused by this event. A description of dangerous hydrometeorological events as well as an assessment of losses caused by these events, were recorded in the agreed EXCEL table format with standard definitions of event types. The filled tables were sent to the European Regional Climate Center (ERCC), which operates under the German Weather Service. The terms of the Project stipulate that the ERCC ensures a full methodological and technical coordination of the Project implementation, including an integration of data received from countries, their consolidation into a regional database and an integration of many events in one regional event that corresponds to their origin. The implementation of the Project first phase was completed in December 2018. During the second Project phase (January- May 2019) an analysis of results was carried out. The experience gained from the Project implementation, was used to create " the WMO methodology for cataloging hazardous weather, climate, water and space weather events" that was presented for consideration at the 18th World Meteorological Congress in June 2019. The Congress adopted the cataloging methodology and recommended to implement this methodology on an operational basis in the hydrometeorological services. The participation of the Hydrometeorological Service of Ukraine in the Project should be considered as very useful. The Ukrainian side got the opportunity: to get acquainted with an international experience in the field of standardization of description of negative influence of extreme hydrometeorological phenomena; to compare the state of affairs in this area of activity in the Hydrometeorological Service of Ukraine and in relevant services of European countries; to bring the contribution in international efforts aimed at reducing the risks of natural disasters. The obtained results showed an importance of reviewing a number of standards and other regulations which are currently used in organizations of the Hydrometeorological Service. The researches in this area is currently being carried out by the Ukrainian Hydrometeorological Institute.
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Mak, Bart, and Bülent Düz. "Ship As a Wave Buoy: Estimating Relative Wave Direction From In-Service Ship Motion Measurements Using Machine Learning." In ASME 2019 38th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2019-96201.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract For operations at sea it is important to have a good estimate of the current local sea state. Often, sea state information comes from wave buoys or weather forecasts. Sometimes wave radars are used. These sources are not always available or reliable. Being able to reliably use ship motions to estimate sea state characteristics reduces the dependency on external and/or expensive sources. In this paper, we present a method to estimate sea state characteristics from time series of 6-DOF ship motions using machine learning. The available data consists of ship motion and wave scanning radar measurements recorded for a period of two years on a frigate type vessel. The research focused on estimating the relative wave direction, since this is most difficult to estimate using traditional methods. Time series are well suited as input, since the phase differences between motion signals hold the information relevant for this case. This type of input data requires machine learning algorithms that can capture both the relation between the input channels and the time dependence. To this end, convolutional neural networks (CNN) and recurrent neural networks (RNN) are adopted in this study for multivariate time series regression. The results show that the estimation of the relative wave direction is acceptable, assuming that the data set is large enough and covers enough sea states. Investigating the chronological properties of the data set, it turned out that this is not yet the case. The paper will include discussions on how to interpret the results and how to treat temporal data in a more general sense.
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Posluch, Samuel, and Pavol Pecho. "Analysis of implementation instrument approaches for hems heliports." In Práce a štúdie. University of Žilina, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.26552/pas.z.2021.1.36.
Full textAbstract:
In recent years, the trend of using a helicopters in the operation of the helicopter emergency medical service (HEMS) has been increasing. The reason is the wide range of uses of the helicopter, fast and safe transport of wounded people using new copters. Nevertheless, it is not possible to operate flights in poor weather conditions with a sufficient number of interventions. There is a need to develop new procedures for flying even under conditions other than VFR flight rules. The current state of helicopter technology in Slovakia allows it and therefore it is appropriate that new procedures using GNSS be created to establish a safe flight. The aim of the analysis is to evaluate the input factors available to the operator and to create a design approach based on the legislative requirements for the use of GNSS systems on the selected heliport. The resulting approach design can be used as one of the options for creating procedures. Such proposals could also be implemented on other operational bases, for the creation of a network of instrument approach or departure systems, which would create space for increasing the safety of helicopter emergency medical service in Slovakia.
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Rodgers, Colin, and Colin F. McDonald. "Small Recuperated Gas Turbine APU Concept to Abate Concern About Emissions, High Fuel Cost, and Noise." In ASME Turbo Expo 2007: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2007-27913.
Full textAbstract:
During the last decade microturbines in the 30 to 250 kW power range have been in service, but they have not been produced in significant enough quantities to impact the DG market due to a combination of factors including their high cost, modest efficiency, utility institutional concerns, and low interest in CHP use in the USA, although the latter could change as a result of fuel cost escalation. Very small gas turbines (ie. less than 10 kW) have been investigated periodically over the years, mainly for potential military use, but to date have not found a niche. This could well change with over 20 states now having instigated idling regulations that limit or prohibit heavy duty truck diesel engine idling. With emphasis on reducing emissions and noise levels this essentially implies that in the future a small APU will be required to provide the truck’s stationary electrical needs and cabin climate control. While there will be several power source types vying for this potentially large market, a small gas turbine APU is viewed as having attractive features which include low emissions, low acoustic signature, vibration-free operation, compact and light weight package, obviates the need for oil lubrication and liquid coolant systems, ease of cold weather starting, immediate response, and the use of fuel from the truck tank. In this paper a small recuperated gas turbine APU concept rated at 5kW is discussed including component design considerations, layout features, engine performance, and target cost. The conservative design of the APU is based on the use of existing materials and state-of-the-art gas turbine technology, and is amenable to high volume automated manufacturing processes. A competitive cost is projected if the proposed APU of modular construction was fabricated in large quantities like the production of vehicular turbochargers in Europe.
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Kvamstad, Beate. "Communication in the High North: Supporting Safe Maritime Operations." In ASME 2013 32nd International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2013-11036.
Full textAbstract:
The special Arctic conditions with the presence of ice and harsh weather require complex offshore maritime operations compared to more central parts of the world. In order to maintain the safety level of the operations one need to share information amongst numerous actors across large distances. This is especially important in critical situations, when correct decisions need to be made very fast. Having a shared situational awareness becomes crucial. This again requires reliable and robust communication infrastructure such that undisrupted information is received by the end user in time. This represents a major challenge in the Arctic, since communication infrastructure above 75°N is relatively poor. Ships operating in open seas use maritime communication systems based on geostationary (GEO) satellites which orbit the earth above the equatorial line, such as for example Inmarsat and VSAT. However, they have little or no coverage at all in the Arctic and the low elevation angles makes them vulnerable to external influences. The theoretical coverage limit for GEO systems is 81.3°N, but field tests performed in the Norwegian MarSafe North1 project showed that instability and signal dropouts can be experienced already at 70° N during certain conditions. The only satellite system that provides full coverage in the Arctic area is Iridium, and it offers digital capacity through the Iridium OpenPort services. However, users have reported unstable performance, and the field tests showed that Iridium has unstable digital throughput in Arctic areas. The paper will present results from field tests performed in the MarSafe North project. The projects MarCom2, MarSafe North and ArctiCOM3 have investigated the state-of-the-art of Arctic communications; they have investigated future needs for satellite communications and proposed potential solutions. This paper will present the main results from these projects, as well as describing the main activities and tentative results achieved in the on-going project MARENOR, which analyses the factors that influence the quality of service of navigation and communication systems in the Arctic.
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Gallagher, Terry A., and Christian R. Desjardins. "Floating-Roof Tanks: Design and Operation in the Petroleum Industry." In 2000 3rd International Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2000-117.
Full textAbstract:
The floating-roof tank has been the most widely used method of storage of volatile petroleum products since the first demonstration b Chicago Bridge & Iron Company (CB&I) in 1923. There have been many changes and design improvements to that first pan-style-floating roof. A floating roof is a complex structure. It must be designed to remain buoyant even when exposed to combined loads from varying process, weather and product conditions. There is a continued demand for improved floating-roof tanks to store a wide range of petroleum and petrochemical products in compliance with state and federal environmental regulations. Floating roofs are used in open top tanks (EFRT), inside tanks with fixed roofs (IFRT), or in tanks that are totally closed where no product evaporative losses are permitted for release to the atmosphere. This very special type of installation is referred to as a zero emission storage tank (ZEST). Products that might have been stored in basic fixed roof tanks must now utilize a floating roof to limit evaporative emissions to the atmosphere. High vapor pressure condensate service and blended heavy crude oils also present new design challenges to the floating roof tank industry. This paper will review the most prominent styles of floating roofs from 1923 to the present. Design and operating limits for current da floating-roof structures are presented. New trends in environmental regulations and the potential impact on the design and operation of floating-roof tanks will be presented. Current maintenance practices and the effect on Life Cycle Cost Management of the storage syste are also reviewed.
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Bluestein, Maurice. "Applied Heat Transfer in the Development of the New Wind Chill Temperature Chart." In ASME 2004 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2004-59103.
Full textAbstract:
In November, 2001, the national weather services of the United States and Canada, recognizing inaccuracies in the original, adopted a revised Wind Chill Temperature (WCT) chart. This revision was developed by the authors under a mandate from a joint action group for temperature indicies (JAG/TI) formed by the U.S. Office of the Federal Coordinator for Meteorology. This new chart provides, for a given air temperature and recorded wind speed, that air temperature, the WCT, which would result in the same rate of heat loss from exposed human skin in still air. Values of the WCT are given for a range of air temperatures from −45°F to 40°F and a range of wind speeds from 5 mph to 60 mph. For Canada, the ranges are from −50°C to 10°C and 10 km/hr to 80 km/hr. The new chart was developed using principles of heat transfer, including conduction, forced convection and radiation. Skin tissue resistance was obtained from human studies. This paper describes the application of these principles and will show how these same principles have been used to demonstrate the errors in the original chart developed over 60 years ago by our military in Antarctica and adopted by the U.S. Weather Service in 1973. As was the case for the original chart, a clear night sky has been assumed, thus ignoring any direct solar radiation that would otherwise tend to elevate the WCT. The new chart is unlikely to be the final version long term and this paper will also discuss possible future modifications.
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Bian, Zheyong, and Xiang Liu. "A Literature Review on Rail Transport of Hazmat Release Risk Analysis." In 2020 Joint Rail Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/jrc2020-8098.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Rail plays an important role in hazmat transportation, transporting over two million carloads of hazardous materials (hazmat) in the United States annually. Compared with a truck trailer carrying a single hazmat car, a train has much more severe consequence of hazmat release due to carrying multiple connected hazmat cars (e.g., 50 to 120 flammable liquid cars). It is of high priority for the government and railroad companies to enhance the railroad hazmat transportation safety since the train accidents can cause severe railroad hazmat release incidents. Based on the data provided by Federal Railroad Administration (FRA) of the U.S. Department of Transportation (U.S.DOT), there are over 300 accident causes, including infrastructure failure defects, rolling stock failures, human errors, weather conditions, etc. It is significant to understand the relationship between hazmat transportation risk and accident cause to provide guidance for developing, evaluating, and prioritizing accident prevention strategies, thereby mitigating hazmat transportation risk. Therefore, this paper reviews the literature on rail transport of hazmat release risk analysis in order to capture the event chain leading to hazmat release, possible risk factors, and the state of the art on existing risk analysis methodologies. We reviewed the related references based on a five-step process: (1) train accident occurrence, (2) number of cars derailed, (3) number of hazardous material cars derailed, (4) number of hazmat cars releasing, and (5) release consequences. First, many severe hazmat release incidents are caused by train accidents, particularly train derailments. Prior research found that over 70% of freight train mainline derailments were caused by either infrastructure defects or rolling stock failures. Possible strategies for reducing the probability of train accidents include the prevention of track defects, equipment condition monitoring to reduce in-service failures, and the use of more advanced train control technologies to reduce human error. Second, number of cars derailed is an important factor causing hazmat releasing. Based on the reviewed literature, the total number of cars derailed depends on accident cause, speed, train length, and point of derailment. Third, the literature implied that the total number of hazmat cars derailed is related to train length, number of hazmat cars and non-hazmat cars in a train, and their placement. Fourth, the number of hazmat cars releasing contents is influenced by hazardous materials car safety design, accident speed, etc. Finally, the consequences of a release can be measured by different metrics, such as property damage, environmental impact, traffic delay, or the affected population. Geographical information systems (GIS) can be used for consequence analysis integrated with other databases such as census and rail network data.
Reports on the topic "State Weather Service"
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Janowiak, Maria, Daniel Dostie, Michael Wilson, Michael Kucera, Howard Skinner, Jerry Hatfield, David Hollinger, and Christopher Swanston. Adaptation Resources for Agriculture: Responding to Climate Variability and Change in the Midwest and Northeast. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2018.6960275.ch.
Full textAbstract:
Changes in climate and extreme weather are already increasing challenges for agriculture nationally and
globally, and many of these impacts will continue into the future. This technical bulletin contains information and resources designed to help agricultural producers, service providers, and educators in the Midwest and Northeast regions of the United States integrate climate change considerations and action-oriented decisions into existing farm and conservation plans. An Adaptation Workbook provides producers a flexible, structured process to identify and assess climate change impacts, challenges, opportunities, and farm-level adaptation tactics and continuously evaluate adaptation actions for improving responses to extreme and uncertain conditions. A synthesis of Adaptation Strategies and Approaches serves as a “menu” of potential responses organized to provide a clear rationale for making decisions by connecting planned actions to broad adaptation concepts. Responses address both short- and long-range timeframes and extend from incremental adjustments of existing practices to major alterations that transform the entire farm operation. Example adaptation tactics—prescriptive actions for agricultural production systems common in the region—for each approach guide producers, service
providers, and educators to develop appropriate responses for their farms and location. Four Adaptation
Examples demonstrate how these adaptation process resources are used.
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Osidoma, Japhet, and Ashiru Mohammed Kinkwa. Creatively Improving Agricultural Practices and Productivity: Pro Resilience Action (PROACT) project, Nigeria. Oxfam, February 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21201/2021.7260.
Full textAbstract:
Since April 2016, The European Union and the Oxfam Pro-Resilience Action Project in Kebbi and Adamawa States, Nigeria, have supported poor smallholder rural farmers to improve their agricultural productivity. The project has a specific focus on increasing crop yields per hectare for better land usage, as well as ensuring farmers possess the skills they need to maintain good agricultural practices, such as inputs utilization and climate mitigation strategies, as well as an information-sharing system on weather and market prices. The project uses a Farmer Field School model that continues to serve as a viable platform for rural farmers to access hands-on skills and basic modern farming knowledge and techniques. The case studies presented here demonstrate a significant increase in farmers’ productivity, income and resilience. This approach should be emulated by governments and private sector players to achieve impact at scale in Nigeria’s agricultural sector, which is the country’s top non-oil revenue stream.