To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: State Weather Service.
Journal articles on the topic 'State Weather Service'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 journal articles for your research on the topic 'State Weather Service.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Bugay, Nikolay F. "Natural triangle of best weather: Anapa (former Turkish fortress) – Temryuk (possession of the Kabardian prince Temryuk (Temroko) Idarov – Taman (ancient Tmutarakan)." Historical and social-educational ideas 12, no. 4-5 (October 29, 2020): 25–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.17748/2075-9908-2020-12-4-5-25-52.
Full textAbstract:
The state of the hydrometeorological network in any state, its effective work in solving the urgent problem of creating conditions for ensuring the country's security is also a vivid evidence of the ability and capabilities of the state itself in organizing the effective work of services necessary to support comfortable living conditions for the population. Scientists studying the history of various kinds of services in the state, in relation to the weather service, pay more attention to the past periods, connected to a large extent with the history of the emergence of a particular service, the provision of trained specialists, the provision of the economic side of the services. If we turn to the weather service, then, undoubtedly, the question of the formation of labor collectives at the meteorological station and other structures of the weather service should be put in the first place. The work of teams of specialists in modern conditions should not be disregarded. It is certainly associated with the past, with the traditions that were laid down by past generations and are carefully preserved for different weather stations. In general, they continue to develop and improve the methods of work of teams, rely on the scientific base, created technologies for observing and processing the data obtained, which met the requirements of the time in the past, and the formed base of observations of atmospheric phenomena. The article focuses primarily on the organization of the work of weather service specialists in modern conditions, which makes it possible to clarify many aspects of the process of organizing the activities of the observation system both in the regions of Russia, as well as on the scale of the state as a whole.
2
Achilleos, Nicholas, Patrick Guio, Nicolas André, and Arianna M. Sorba. "A magnetodisc model service for planetary space weather studies." Journal of Space Weather and Space Climate 9 (2019): A24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/swsc/2019022.
Full textAbstract:
Theoretical models play an important role in the Planetary Space Weather Services (PSWS) of the European Planetary Network (“Europlanet”), due to their ability to predict the physical response of magnetospheric environments to compressions or rarefactions in the upstream solar wind flow. We illustrate this aspect by presenting examples of some calculations done with the UCL Magnetodisc Model in both “Jupiter” and “Saturn” mode. Similar model outputs can now be provided via the PSWS MAGNETODISC service. For each planet’s space environment, we present example model outputs showing the effect of compressions and rarefactions on the global magnetic field, plasma pressure and azimuthal current density. As a simple illustration of the physics underlying these reference models, we quantify solar wind effects by comparing the “compressed” and “expanded” outputs to a nominal “average-state” model, reflecting more typical solar wind dynamic pressures. We also describe the implementation of the corresponding PSWS MAGNETODISC Service, through which similar outputs may be obtained by potential users.
3
Bingham, Suzy, Sophie A. Murray, Antonio Guerrero, Alexi Glover, and Peter Thorn. "Summary of the plenary sessions at European Space Weather Week 15: space weather users and service providers working together now and in the future." Journal of Space Weather and Space Climate 9 (2019): A32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/swsc/2019031.
Full textAbstract:
During European Space Weather Week 15 two plenary sessions were held to review the status of operational space weather forecasting. The first session addressed the topic of working with space weather service providers now and in the future, the user perspective. The second session provided the service perspective, addressing experiences in forecasting development and operations. Presentations in both sessions provided an overview of international efforts on these topics, and panel discussion topics arising in the first session were used as a basis for panel discussion in the second session. Discussion topics included experiences during the September 2017 space weather events, cross domain impacts, timeliness of notifications, and provision of effective user education. Users highlighted that a severe space weather event did not necessarily lead to severe impacts for each individual user across the different sectors. Service providers were generally confident that timely and reliable information could be provided during severe and extreme events, although stressed that more research and funding were required in this relatively new field of operational space weather forecasting, to ensure continuation of capabilities and further development of services, in particular improved forecasting targeting user needs. Here a summary of the sessions is provided followed by a commentary on the current state-of-the-art and potential next steps towards improvement of services.
4
Niess, Margaret L. "Forecast: Changing Mathematics Curriculum and Increasing Pressure for Higher-Level Thinking Skills." Arithmetic Teacher 41, no. 2 (October 1993): 129–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.5951/at.41.2.0129.
Full textAbstract:
There's a lot of exciting new technology that the weather service plans to incorporate in the next decade. But, to do that, positions in the weather service will have to be upgraded from technical to scientific. people with a higher level of skill in using and interpreting the new data available” (Oregon State University ews Service 1990. 3). Technology is affecting the work force. changing not only the skills that are needed but also the level of those skills. Thus, the education of those workers assuming the newly defined positions must reflect the changes.
5
Uccellini, Louis W., and John E. Ten Hoeve. "Evolving the National Weather Service to Build a Weather-Ready Nation: Connecting Observations, Forecasts, and Warnings to Decision-Makers through Impact-Based Decision Support Services." Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 100, no. 10 (October 2019): 1923–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/bams-d-18-0159.1.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractAs the cost and societal impacts of extreme weather, water, and climate events continue to rise across the United States, the National Weather Service (NWS) has adopted a strategic vision of a Weather-Ready Nation that aims to help all citizens be ready, responsive, and resilient to extreme weather, water, and climate events. To achieve this vision and to meet the NWS mission of saving lives and property and enhancing the national economy, the NWS must improve the accuracy and timeliness of forecasts and warnings, and must directly connect these forecasts and warnings to critical life- and property-saving decisions through the provision of impact-based decision support services (IDSS). While the NWS has been moving in this direction for years, the shift to delivering IDSS holistically requires an agency-wide transformation. This article discusses the elements driving the need for change at the NWS to build a Weather-Ready Nation; the foundational basis for IDSS; ongoing challenges to provide IDSS across federal, state, local, tribal, and territorial levels of government; the path toward evolving the NWS to deliver more effective IDSS; the importance of partnerships within the weather, water, and climate enterprise and with those responsible for public safety to achieve the Weather-Ready Nation vision; and initial supporting evidence and lessons learned from early efforts.
6
Astsatryan, Hrachya, Hayk Grogoryan, Eliza Gyulgyulyan, Anush Hakobyan, Aram Kocharyan, Wahi Narsisian, Vladimir Sahakyan, et al. "Weather Data Visualization and Analytical Platform." Scalable Computing: Practice and Experience 19, no. 2 (May 10, 2018): 79–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.12694/scpe.v19i2.1351.
Full textAbstract:
This article aims to present a web-based interactive visualization and analytical platform for weather data in Armenia by integrating the three existing infrastructures for observational data, numerical weather prediction, and satellite image processing. The weather data used in the platform consists of near-surface atmospheric elements including air temperature, pressure, relative humidity, wind and precipitation. The visualization and analytical platform has been implemented for 2-m surface temperature. The platform gives Armenian State Hydrometeorological and Monitoring Service analytical capabilities to analyze the in-situ observations, model and satellite image data per station and region for a given period.
7
Tahir, Muhammad Naeem, and Marcos Katz. "Heterogeneous (ITS-G5 and 5G) Vehicular Pilot Road Weather Service Platform in a Realistic Operational Environment." Sensors 21, no. 5 (March 1, 2021): 1676. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21051676.
Full textAbstract:
VANETs (Vehicular Ad hoc Networks) operating in conjunction with road-side infrastructure connecting road-side infrastructure are an emerging field of wireless communication technology in the vehicular communication’s domain. For VANETs, the IEEE 802.11p-based ITS-G5 is one of the key standards for communication globally. This research work integrates the ITS-G5 with a cellular-based 5G Test Network (5GTN). The resulting advanced heterogeneous Vehicular Network (VN) test-bed works as an effective platform for traffic safety between vehicles and road-side-infrastructure. This test-bed network provides a flexible framework to exploit vehicle-based weather data and road observation information, creating a service architecture for VANETs that supports real-time intelligent traffic services. The network studied in this paper aims to deliver improved road safety by providing real-time weather forecast, road friction information and road traffic related services. This article presents the implementation of a realistic test-bed in Northern Finland and the field measurement results of the heterogeneous VANETs considering the speed of vehicle, latency, good-put time and throughput. The field measurement results have been obtained in a state-of-the-art hybrid VANET system supporting special road weather services. Based on field measurement results, we suggest an efficient solution for a comprehensive hybrid vehicular networking infrastructure exploiting road weather information.
8
Carlton, J. Stuart, James R. Angel, Songlin Fei, Matthew Huber, Tomas M. Koontz, Brian J. MacGowan, Nathan D. Mullendore, Nicholas Babin, and Linda S. Prokopy. "State Service Foresters' Attitudes Toward Using Climate and Weather Information When Advising Forest Landowners." Journal of Forestry 112, no. 1 (January 28, 2014): 9–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.5849/jof.13-054.
Full text
9
Hosterman, MEM, Heather R., Jeffrey K. Lazo, PhD, Jennifer M. Sprague-Hilderbrand, JD, and Jeffery E. Adkins, MS. "Using the National Weather Service’s impact-based decision support services to prepare for extreme winter storms." Journal of Emergency Management 17, no. 6 (December 1, 2019): 455–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.5055/jem.2019.0439.
Full textAbstract:
In recent years, the National Weather Service (NWS) increased its focus on providing decision support services to the emergency management community and other core partners to help them understand its forecasts and take appropriate actions in the face of upcoming extreme events. In 2011, the Weather-Ready Nation Strategic Plan began to formalize the NWS approach to impact-based decision support services (IDSS). NWS recognizes IDSS as a primary service and is working to fully and more effectively provide it to federal, state, local, and tribal decision-makers. To do so, it is important that NWS understands how users are benefiting from existing IDSS, even as they look to improve it. This article aims to provide emergency managers (EMs) with an understanding of the efficacy of IDSS. The authors define IDSS and describe the IDSS products and services available during each stage of the emergency-management cycle: preparedness, mitigation, response, and recovery. To demonstrate the role of IDSS for the emergency management community, the authors use a case study analysis to compare two winter storms in the New York City area with similar characteristics but differing in their implementation of IDSS: the December 2010 winter storm (no formal IDSS) and the January 2016 winter storm (formal IDSS). In comparing the winter storm case studies, the authors find that formal IDSS provides EMs and other core partners with accurate, actionable, and consistent weather information and support that allows them to respond to winter storms in a way that reduces impacts to lives and livelihoods.
10
Handal, K. A. "Service Organizations in Disasters." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 1, no. 3 (1985): 267–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x0006581x.
Full textAbstract:
Our belief that there is a superagency that goes to work when a disaster occurs is unfounded. What does exist is a network of integrating expertise and resources that are escalated from different routine activities to cooperatively respond to one event. This paper concerns the governmental approach in one area, New York City.In the United States, federal and state laws exist to minimize the effects of disasters, by identifying measures to prevent or mitigate them, developing mechanisms to coordinate the use of resource and manpower during disasters, and by providing recovery and redevelopment following a disaster. These functions and services are coordinated to the maximum extent with comparable activities of local state and federal governments, and many voluntary private agencies. Organizational responsibility follows a bi-directional flow from federal to state to county-, city-, town- and village level, and in the reverse (Fig. 1). The roles and responsibilities depend on the type of disaster (Fig. 2) and hence the response and activity needed. Response activities include need for clothing, crisis counseling, debris removal and disposal, disease and pest control, equipment and supplies, evacuation, food provisions, fuel provisions, housing and shelter, identification and disposition of the dead, labor pools, law and order, medical care and treatment, power provision, protective measures, search and rescue, sewage control, transportation, the need to waiver codes, water provisions, and weather forecasting.
11
Ralph, F. Martin, Janet Intrieri, David Andra, Robert Atlas, Sid Boukabara, David Bright, Paula Davidson, et al. "The Emergence of Weather-Related Test Beds Linking Research and Forecasting Operations." Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 94, no. 8 (August 1, 2013): 1187–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/bams-d-12-00080.1.
Full textAbstract:
Test beds have emerged as a critical mechanism linking weather research with forecasting operations. The U.S. Weather Research Program (USWRP) was formed in the 1990s to help identify key gaps in research related to major weather prediction problems and the role of observations and numerical models. This planning effort ultimately revealed the need for greater capacity and new approaches to improve the connectivity between the research and forecasting enterprise. Out of this developed the seeds for what is now termed “test beds.” While many individual projects, and even more broadly the NOAA/National Weather Service (NWS) Modernization, were successful in advancing weather prediction services, it was recognized that specific forecast problems warranted a more focused and elevated level of effort. The USWRP helped develop these concepts with science teams and provided seed funding for several of the test beds described. Based on the varying NOAA mission requirements for forecasting, differences in the organizational structure and methods used to provide those services, and differences in the state of the science related to those forecast challenges, test beds have taken on differing characteristics, strategies, and priorities. Current test bed efforts described have all emerged between 2000 and 2011 and focus on hurricanes (Joint Hurricane Testbed), precipitation (Hydrometeorology Testbed), satellite data assimilation (Joint Center for Satellite Data Assimilation), severe weather (Hazardous Weather Testbed), satellite data support for severe weather prediction (Short-Term Prediction Research and Transition Center), mesoscale modeling (Developmental Testbed Center), climate forecast products (Climate Testbed), testing and evaluation of satellite capabilities [Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite-R Series (GOES-R) Proving Ground], aviation applications (Aviation Weather Testbed), and observing system experiments (OSSE Testbed).
12
Carley, Eoin P., Carla Baldovin, Pieter Benthem, Mario M. Bisi, Richard A. Fallows, Peter T. Gallagher, Michael Olberg, et al. "Radio observatories and instrumentation used in space weather science and operations." Journal of Space Weather and Space Climate 10 (2020): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/swsc/2020007.
Full textAbstract:
The low frequency array (LOFAR) is a phased array interferometer currently consisting of 13 international stations across Europe and 38 stations surrounding a central hub in the Netherlands. The instrument operates in the frequency range of ~10–240 MHz and is used for a variety of astrophysical science cases. While it is not heliophysics or space weather dedicated, a new project entitled “LOFAR for Space Weather” (LOFAR4SW) aims at designing a system upgrade to allow the entire array to observe the Sun, heliosphere, Earth’s ionosphere, and Jupiter throughout its observing window. This will allow the instrument to operate as a space weather observing platform, facilitating both space weather science and operations. Part of this design study aims to survey the existing space weather infrastructure operating at radio frequencies and show how LOFAR4SW can advance the current state-of-the-art in this field. In this paper, we survey radio instrumentation and facilities that currently operate in space weather science and/or operations, including instruments involved in solar, heliospheric, and ionospheric studies. We furthermore include an overview of the major space weather service providers in operation today and the current state-of-the-art in the radio data they use and provide routinely. The aim is to compare LOFAR4SW to the existing radio research infrastructure in space weather and show how it may advance both space weather science and operations in the radio domain in the near future.
13
Włodarczyk, Renata. "Unmanned Aerial Vehicles ‘in service’ of Internal Security of the State." Internal Security 12, no. 1 (July 22, 2020): 195–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.3197.
Full textAbstract:
The study was created thanks to the author’s preferences to learn increasingly more about new technologies that are able to increase the potential of internal security of the state. Recently, interest in recording areas (difficult to access, dangerous, monitored in adverse weather conditions, monitored due to the implementation of tasks by relevant services), the development of methods enabling the transmission of various materials at a distance, and performing other complicated activities have increased. For this purpose, unmanned aerial vehicles (so-called drones, UAVs) that are versatile in many respects are used. The author noticed the need to disseminate such innovative devices on native soil, especially for using them in multidirectional strengthening of the security sphere. Polish companies producing UAVs for many foreign customers have already marked their presence in this matter. The achievements of the designers are so impressive that it makes us appreciate the development of our technical thought, and above all, the use of drones to ensure security and public order in Poland. A series of training courses is already conducted by the Police Academy in Szczytno, which is a good solution both for teachers and, above all, for the trainees themselves. Such an initiative will undoubtedly translate into increased interest in drones, and especially the incredible usefulness of these devices for uniformed services and other entities.
14
Zhao, Donghao, Yu Lu, Xiaoguang Liu, Wenxin Qiao, Zhiwei Li, and Yicen Liu. "Design of emergency UAV network identity authentication protocol based on Beidou." MATEC Web of Conferences 336 (2021): 04004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202133604004.
Full textAbstract:
In view of the bad environment and intermittent communication of UAV network, based on the short message communication function of Beidou satellite navigation system, which can provide all-weather and no blind area communication service, a UAV network identity authentication protocol under emergency state when conventional means cannot communicate is designed.
15
Yatsenko, Hanna. "The Impact of Weather Conditions on Economic Activity in Ukraine." Visnyk of the National Bank of Ukraine, no. 249 (June 30, 2020): 25–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.26531/vnbu2020.249.03.
Full textAbstract:
This article explores the impact of weather conditions on core sectors of the Ukrainian economy and the composite index of economic activity in Ukraine. We build autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) models using statistical data provided by the Central Geophysical Observatory named after Boris Sreznevsky (CGO) and the State Statistics Service of Ukraine for the period 2004-2019. The obtained outcomes show that fluctuations in the air temperature and precipitation are significant determinants of output in different sectors (specifically agriculture, construction, manufacturing, and energy). Therefore, the inclusion of weather conditions into models may potentially improve the modeling properties and forecasting of economic activity.
16
Hill Cummings, Krista, and Jennifer A. Yule. "Tailoring service recovery messages to consumers’ affective states." European Journal of Marketing 54, no. 7 (May 18, 2020): 1675–702. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ejm-02-2019-0122.
Full textAbstract:
Purpose This study aims to propose that providers should tailor recovery responses to consumers’ emotional states to improve evaluations and behavioral intentions. Design/methodology/approach A multi-study approach comprising field and lab data was used. The field study, conducted on the Boston public transport network during a weather crisis, sought to determine how a provider should deliver their recovery response to match the consumer’s affective state. In the lab studies, the importance of tailoring a recovery message to the consumer’s state is experimentally demonstrated while controlling for factors such as consumer brand involvement. Findings This study finds that an emotion-focused recovery emphasizing empathy should be given to those in an avoidance affective state (i.e. focused on the avoidance of negative outcomes) such as worry. A problem-focused recovery, in which the focus is on the process that led to the failure and the steps that will be taken to correct it, should be provided to those in an approach state (i.e. concerned with advancement and accomplishment) such as anger. This study also finds this effect is more salient under low involvement conditions. Research limitations/implications Future research should examine how nonverbal behavior during recovery can be tailored to a consumer’s state. Practical implications Service providers are encouraged to tailor recovery messages to consumers’ affective states. Originality/value To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study is the first to examine matching recovery messages to affective states, an important contribution as service failures can elicit a wide variety of affective states that influence how consumers react to recovery messages.
17
Horel, John D., Robert Ziel, Chris Galli, Judith Pechmann, and Xia Dong. "An evaluation of fire danger and behaviour indices in the Great Lakes Region calculated from station and gridded weather information." International Journal of Wildland Fire 23, no. 2 (2014): 202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wf12186.
Full textAbstract:
A web-based set of tools has been developed to integrate weather, fire danger and fire behaviour information for the Great Lakes region of the United States. Weather parameters obtained from selected observational networks are combined with operational high-resolution gridded analyses and forecast products from the United States National Weather Service. Fuel moisture codes and fire behaviour indices in the Fire Weather Index subsystem of the Canadian Forest Fire Danger Rating System are computed from these sources for current and forecast conditions. Applications of this Great Lakes Fire and Fuels System are demonstrated for the 2012 fire season. Fuel moisture codes and fire behaviour indices computed from gridded analyses differ from those derived from observations in a manner similar to the analysis errors typical for the underlying weather parameters. Indices that are particularly sensitive to seasonally accumulating precipitation, such as the Drought Code, exhibit the largest differences. The gridded analyses and forecasts provide considerable additional information for fire weather professionals to evaluate weather and fuel state in the region. The potential utility of these gridded analyses and forecasts throughout the continental United States is highlighted.
18
Pomaga, Raluca, Marius-Victor Birsan, Ghennadii Rosca, and Tatiana Dabija. "TOWARDS AN AUTOMATIC METEOROLOGICAL FORECAST VERIFICATION SYSTEM FOR THE STATE HYDROMETEOROLOGICAL SERVICE, REPUBLIC OF MOLDOVA." Present Environment and Sustainable Development 13, no. 2 (October 15, 2019): 43–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.15551/pesd2019132003.
Full textAbstract:
This paper presents a user-friendly application developed for assessing the quality of the meteorological forecasts issued by the Moldavian State Hydrometeorological Service (SHS). The scores are calculated using a method developed at Meteo Romania (National Meteorological Administration), which has been running operationally since 1996. The meteorological elements evaluated in this verification system are cloud cover, wind speed, fog, glazed frost, hail, frost, minimum and maximum air temperature, as well as the appearance, shape, distribution and intensity of precipitation. The automatic weather forecasting verification system is based on two graphical interfaces, both of them having a specific role in simplifying the user interaction with the database where the information is stored. This work was realized within the World Bank project "Development of a standardized verification mechanism and QMS for the Moldova SHS".
19
Carlson, J. D., Robert E. Burgan, David M. Engle, and Justin R. Greenfield. "The Oklahoma Fire Danger Model: An operational tool for mesoscale fire danger rating in Oklahoma." International Journal of Wildland Fire 11, no. 4 (2002): 183. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wf02003.
Full textAbstract:
This paper describes the Oklahoma Fire Danger Model, an operational fire danger rating system for the state of Oklahoma (USA) developed through joint efforts of Oklahoma State University, the University of Oklahoma, and the Fire Sciences Laboratory of the USDA Forest Service in Missoula, Montana. The model is an adaptation of the National Fire Danger Rating System (NFDRS) to Oklahoma, but more importantly, represents the first time anywhere that NFDRS has been implemented operationally using hourly weather data from a spatially dense automated weather station network (the Oklahoma Mesonet). Weekly AVHRR satellite imagery is also utilized for live fuel moisture and fuel load calculations. The result is a near-real-time mesoscale fire danger rating system to 1-km resolution whose output is readily available on the World Wide Web (http://agweather.mesonet.ou.edu/models/fire). Examples of output from 25 February 1998 are presented.The Oklahoma Fire Danger Model, in conjunction with other fire-related operational tools, has proven useful to the wildland fire management community in Oklahoma, for both wildfire anticipation and suppression and for prescribed fire activities. Instead of once-per-day NFDRS information at two to three sites, the fire manager now has statewide fire danger information available at 1-km resolution at up to hourly intervals, enabling a quicker response to changing fire weather conditions across the entire state.
20
Han, Fei, and Su Zhang. "Evaluation of Spatial Resilience of Highway Networks in Response to Adverse Weather Conditions." ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 9, no. 8 (July 31, 2020): 480. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi9080480.
Full textAbstract:
Adverse weather poses a significant threat to the serviceability of highway infrastructure, as it causes more frequent and severe crash incidents. This study focuses on evaluating the resilience of highway networks by examining the crash-induced safety impact in response to extreme weather events. Unlike traditional service drop-based methods for resilience evaluation, this study endeavors to evaluate highway resilience in a spatial context. Three spatial metrics, including K-nearest neighbors, proximity to highways, and Kernel density hot spot, are introduced and employed to compare and analyze the spatial patterns (magnitude and distribution) of crashes in pre- and post-weather conditions. An illustrative example is also provided to showcase the applications of the proposed spatial resilience metrics for two study areas in the State of Illinois, U.S. The contribution of this study is to provide transportation practitioners with a tool to evaluate highway spatial resilience both visually and quantitatively, and ultimately improve highway safety and operation.
21
Tóth, Boglárka, and István Ihász. "Validation of subgrid scale ensemble precipitation forecasts based on the ECMWF’s ecPoint Rainfall project." Időjárás 125, no. 3 (2021): 397–418. http://dx.doi.org/10.28974/idojaras.2021.3.2.
Full textAbstract:
Nowadays, state-of-the-art numerical weather prediction models successfully predict the general weather characteristics several days ahead, but forecasting extreme precipitation is quite challenging even in the short time range. In the framework of the ecPoint Project, the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) developed a new innovative probabilistic post-processing tool which produces 4-day precipitation forecast as accurate as the raw ensemble forecast at day 1. In the framework of the scientific co-operation between ECMWF and the Hungarian Meteorological Service (OMSZ), we were invited to participate in the validation of the experimental products. Quasi operational post-processed products have been available since July 1, 2018. During our work, besides using different verification technics, a new ensemble meteogram was also developed which can support operational forecasters during extreme precipitation events. As a result of our work, products of the ecPoint Project have been included in the operational forecasting activity.
22
Wang, Chun Lei, Bai Lian Chen, Li Bing Zheng, Hua Chao Fang, and Li Han. "A New Wire Icing Automatic Monitoring System Based on Wireless Communication Platform." Applied Mechanics and Materials 527 (February 2014): 301–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.527.301.
Full textAbstract:
In view of the wire icing field monitoring in the process of the field data acquisition is difficult in the southwest mountainous area in Guizhou, the first generation of the present situation of the system operation reliability is not high, a new generation of automatic field wire icing monitoring system has been developed. The new generation of the system adopts ARM/Linux platform, Ice data can be sent via wireless transmission. With the digital acquisition mode of the System sensor, new system can monitor wire icing state stably, continuously. Data collected by GPS can be sent to the remote server of meteorological department which can provide data support for wire icing forecast. From November 2010 to March 2013, the new generation of wire icing monitoring system was carried out three times field test in Meihuashan,Weining field site test points, Kaiyang weather service stations and Wanshan SAR weather service stations in Guizhou. Results show that the system meets requirement of field site test and have further promotion value in the wire icing test requirements area.
23
Eli-Chukwu, N. C., and G. N. Onoh. "Experimental Study on the Impact of Weather Conditions on Wide Code Division Multiple Access Signals in Nigeria." Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research 9, no. 2 (April 10, 2019): 3998–4001. http://dx.doi.org/10.48084/etasr.2630.
Full textAbstract:
In cellular network activities, before a site is integrated it is expected that each cell of the site meets the Nigerian Communication Commission (NCC) standard of ≥98% for both service accessibility and call completion rate which in turn depicts a ≤2% in both blocked call rate (BCR) and dropped call rate (DCR). It is suggested that weather conditions have a very strong negative effect on the performance of wideband code division multiple access (WCDMA) network as it could lead to signal attenuation or change the polarization. In this paper, we study the impact of weather conditions on WCDMA network in Nigeria. To achieve this, network samples (log-files) were collected weekly during a driving test in Enugu State Nigeria for a period of five years for both rainy and dry seasons, in which blocked and dropped calls were extracted. Results show that during adverse weather conditions, BCR and DCR rise greater than 8% and 4% respectively. Although with a slight relationship between the weather conditions, the weather condition during the dry season has a better-blocked call rate of 8.76% in comparison with the rainy season with 12.89%. Calls tend to drop more during the dry season. From the outcome of the experiment, a model was developed for predicting an unknown network call statistics variables.
24
Cohen, Ariel E., Richard L. Thompson, Steven M. Cavallo, Roger Edwards, Steven J. Weiss, John A. Hart, Israel L. Jirak, et al. "Bridging Operational Meteorology and Academia through Experiential Education: The Storm Prediction Center in the University of Oklahoma Classroom." Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 99, no. 2 (February 1, 2018): 269–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/bams-d-16-0307.1.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract During the 2014–15 academic year, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) National Weather Service Storm Prediction Center (SPC) and the University of Oklahoma (OU) School of Meteorology jointly created the first SPC-led course at OU focused on connecting traditional theory taught in the academic curriculum with operational meteorology. This class, “Applications of Meteorological Theory to Severe-Thunderstorm Forecasting,” began in 2015. From 2015 through 2017, this spring–semester course has engaged 56 students in theoretical skills and related hands-on weather analysis and forecasting applications, taught by over a dozen meteorologists from the SPC, the NOAA National Severe Storms Laboratory, and the NOAA National Weather Service Forecast Offices. Following introductory material, which addresses many theoretical principles relevant to operational meteorology, numerous presentations and hands-on activities focused on instructors’ areas of expertise are provided to students. Topics include the following: storm-induced perturbation pressure gradients and their enhancement to supercells, tornadogenesis, tropical cyclone tornadoes, severe wind forecasting, surface and upper-air analyses and their interpretation, and forecast decision-making. This collaborative approach has strengthened bonds between meteorologists in operations, research, and academia, while introducing OU meteorology students to the vast array of severe thunderstorm forecast challenges, state-of-the-art operational and research tools, communication of high-impact weather information, and teamwork skills. The methods of collaborative instruction and experiential education have been found to strengthen both operational–academic relationships and students’ appreciation of the intricacies of severe thunderstorm forecasting, as detailed in this article.
25
Ashley, Walker S., Stephen Strader, Douglas C. Dziubla, and Alex Haberlie. "Driving Blind: Weather-Related Vision Hazards and Fatal Motor Vehicle Crashes." Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 96, no. 5 (May 1, 2015): 755–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/bams-d-14-00026.1.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Visibility-related weather hazards have significant impacts on motor vehicle operators because of decreased driver vision, reduced roadway speed, amplified speed variability, and elevated crash risk. This research presents a national analysis of fog-, smoke-, and dust storm–associated vehicular fatalities in the United States. Initially, a database of weather-related motor vehicle crash fatalities from 1994 to 2011 is constructed from National Highway Traffic Safety Administration data. Thereafter, spatiotemporal analyses of visibility-related (crashes where a vision hazard was reported at time of event) and vision-obscured (driver’s vision was recorded as obscured by weather, and a weather-related vision hazard was reported) fatal vehicular crashes are presented. Results reveal that the annual number of fatalities associated with weather-related, vision-obscured vehicular crashes is comparable to those of more notable and captivating hazards such as tornadoes, floods, tropical cyclones, and lightning. The majority of these vision-obscured crash fatalities occurred in fog, on state and U.S. numbered highways, during the cool season and during the morning commuting hours of 0500 to 0800 local time. Areas that experience the greatest frequencies of vision-obscured fatal crashes are located in the Central Valley of California, Appalachian Mountain and mid-Atlantic region, the Midwest, and along the Gulf Coast. From 2007 to 2011, 72% of all vision-obscured fatal crashes occurred when there was no National Weather Service weather-related visibility advisory in effect. The deadliest weather-related visibility hazard crashes during the period are exhibited, revealing a spectrum of environmental and geographical settings that can trigger these high-end events.
26
Varkey, Rittu Susan, and Prasant Kumar Panda. "Inter-sectoral Growth Linkages and Their Implications for Agriculture: Evidence from Indian States." Millennial Asia 9, no. 3 (December 2018): 262–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0976399618805628.
Full textAbstract:
This article empirically examines the existence of inter-sectoral growth linkages among the key sectors of the Indian economy at the state level. The examination evaluates the impact of the non-agricultural sectors of the states and that of the rest of the states on agricultural output of a particular state. An annual panel data set for 15 general category states have been taken for the period 1980–1981 to 2012–2013. Panel cointegration and fully modified ordinary least square methods have been used to study the existence of a long-run equilibrium relationship between sectors. The results suggest that there is a long-run equilibrium relationship among three sectors of the economy in the Indian states. The evaluation indicates that the industrial sector contributes positively in complementing the growth of agriculture, but the service sector advancement affects agricultural growth negatively. However, services having some direct reference to agriculture such as transport, storage and communication (TSC), trade, hotel and restaurant (THR) and banking and insurance (BI) have positive linkage with agriculture. The state specific econometric evaluation of the agricultural output varies relatively across different states, for example, in Kerala, the impact of rest of the industries and services leaves a positive significance; whereas, the study foresees the negative impact of industry and services in the states such as Bihar, Madhya Pradesh, Orissa and Rajasthan. In order to neutralize the negative linkages of service sector on agriculture, policies for promoting pro-agricultural services such as crop and agricultural insurance, agricultural loans, facilities for agricultural warehouse, marketing services, weather communication, transport services and provision of technical support to farm activities are important. Such initiatives can help agricultural sector grow along in the simultaneous development of sectors propelling growth of the economy at a faster rate.
27
Drüe, Clemens. "Reconstruction of Aircraft Trajectories from AMDAR Weather Reports." Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology 28, no. 7 (July 1, 2011): 921–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2011jtecha1499.1.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract It is well known that aircraft-based meteorological measurements exhibit systematic errors depending on various flight dynamic parameters. It is also widely assumed that operational Aircraft Meteorological Data Relay (AMDAR) weather reports by commercial aircraft are affected in a similar way. However, so far, it is not possible to study such systematic errors, because datasets that contain both AMDAR reports and flight dynamic variables are not available. To overcome this deficiency, a method was developed to reconstruct the flight trajectories of aircraft using just the aircraft type and operational AMDAR reports. Because AMDAR reports do not contain information on the flight plan, origin, destination, or the motion vector of the airplane, it is not possible to employ a trajectory solver as used by air traffic control. Instead, the method uses groups of trajectory templates that are fitted to AMDAR data taken during approach or departure. This algorithm allows estimation of the heading, true airspeed, aircraft mass, roll state, pitch angle, and angle of attack of the reporting aircraft for each AMDAR report. For verification, the algorithm was applied to navigation data gathered from two Airbus-manufactured aircraft, of which one is in commercial service and one is used for aviation research. From a total of 48 profiles, a very good agreement of reconstructed and measured values was found.
28
Suess, Elizabeth J., Cinzia Cervato, William A. Gallus, and Jonathon M. Hobbs. "Weather Forecasting as a Learning Tool in a Large Service Course: Does Practice Make Perfect?" Weather and Forecasting 28, no. 3 (June 1, 2013): 762–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/waf-d-12-00105.1.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Each spring roughly 200 students, mostly nonmajors, enroll in the Introduction to Meteorology course at Iowa State University and are required to make at least 25 forecasts throughout the semester. The Dynamic Weather Forecaster (DWF) forecasting platform requires students to forecast more than just simple “numeric” forecasts and includes questions on advection, cloudiness, and precipitation factors that are not included in forecast contests often used in meteorology courses. The present study examines the evolution of forecasting skill for students enrolled in the class in spring 2010 and 2011 and compares student performance with that of an “expert forecaster.” The expert forecasters were chosen from meteorology students in an advanced forecasting course who showed exemplary forecasting skill throughout the previous semester. It is shown that these introductory students improve in forecast skill over only the first 10–15 days that they forecast, a number smaller than the 25 days found in an earlier study examining meteorology majors in an upper-level course. The skill of both groups plateaus after that time. An analysis of two types of questions in the DWF reveals that students do have skill slightly better than that of a persistence forecast when predicting parameters traditionally used in forecasting contests, but fail to outperform persistence when predicting more complex atmospheric processes like temperature advection and factors influencing precipitation such as moisture content and instability. The introduction of a contest “with prizes” halfway through the semester in 2011 was found to have at best mixed impacts on forecast skill.
29
Warner, Thomas T., and Nelson L. Seaman. "A Real-Time, Mesoscale Numerical Weather-Prediction System Used for Research, Teaching, and Public Service at The Pennsylvania State University." Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 71, no. 6 (June 1990): 792–805. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0477(1990)071<0792:artmnw>2.0.co;2.
Full text
30
Juras, Peter, and Daniela Jurasova. "Outdoor Climate Change Analysis in University Campus: Case Study with Heat-Air-Moisture Simulation." Civil and Environmental Engineering 16, no. 2 (December 1, 2020): 370–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/cee-2020-0037.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractThe standard weather station network, belonging to the national weather forecast service, cannot satisfy the requirements of advanced simulation tools because of the network density, time interval of recording, collections of measured values or availability of measured data and its price. Due to the outdoor climate change, urban heat islands and advance in research it is vital to obtain precise data sets for the measured location. Since 2014, also the experimental weather station, which continuously records the wind flow, air temperature, humidity, solar radiation, rain and atmospheric air pressure, is a part of University of Zilina campus.In this paper, measured values of selected climate parameters are analyzed in terms of raw data and also in the case study of two wall types – traditional masonry brick wall and lightweight wooden-frame wall. Behavior of these walls is simulated by the impact of a non-steady state with use of WUFI Pro software. The impact on the hygrothermal regime of walls – water content, simulated under various boundary conditions, is analyzed and the differences between measured years are quantified.
31
Tan, Jianguo, Limin Yang, C. S. B. Grimmond, Jianping Shi, Wen Gu, Yuanyong Chang, Ping Hu, Juan Sun, Xiangyu Ao, and Zhihui Han. "Urban Integrated Meteorological Observations: Practice and Experience in Shanghai, China." Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 96, no. 1 (January 1, 2015): 85–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/bams-d-13-00216.1.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Observations of atmospheric conditions and processes in cities are fundamental to understanding the interactions between the urban surface and weather/climate, improving the performance of urban weather, air quality, and climate models, and providing key information for city end users (e.g., decision makers, stakeholders, public). In this paper, Shanghai’s Urban Integrated Meteorological Observation Network (SUIMON) and some examples of intended applications are introduced. Its characteristics include being multipurpose (e.g., forecast, research, service), multifunction (e.g., high-impact weather, city climate, special end users), multiscale (e.g., macro/meso, urban, neighborhood, street canyon), multivariable (e.g., thermal, dynamic, chemical, biometeorological, ecological), and multiplatform (e.g., radar, wind profiler, ground based, satellite based, in situ observation/sampling). Underlying SUIMON is a data management system to facilitate exchange of data and information. The overall aim of the network is to improve coordination strategies and instruments, to identify data gaps based on science- and user-driven requirements, and to intelligently combine observations from a variety of platforms by using a data assimilation system that is tuned to produce the best estimate of the current state of the urban atmosphere.
32
Moon, John T., Patrick E. Guinan, David J. Snider, and Anthony R. Lupo. "CoCoRaHs in Missouri: Four Years Later, the Importance of Observations." Transactions of the Missouri Academy of Science 43, no. 2009 (January 1, 2009): 8–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.30956/0544-540x-43.2009.8.
Full textAbstract:
On 1 March 2006, Missouri became the 11th state to join the Community Collaborative Rain, Hail, and Snow Network (CoCoRaHS). CoCoRaHS is a national volunteer network of individuals who have agreed to measure and report precipitation observations daily. This program was established in 1998 by the Colorado State Climate Office. On 12 March, 2006 CoCoRaHs quickly demonstrated its usefulness during the severe weather events of that day when there were several reports of large hail. Since then, Missouri CoCoRaHS network receives about 250 reports per day. This data can be used to study severe weather events such as the passage of Tropical Depression Gustav and Tropical Storm Ike through Missouri over a 10 day period bookended by 4 and 14 September 2008. Here we will compare the CoCoRaHS volunteer rainfall totals to RADAR derived estimates taken from the National Weather Service (NWS) as well as the Cooperative Site measurements. CoCoRaHS data was even incorporated by the local NWS to summarize these events. CoCoRaHS data is currently used by all six NWS offices and the four River Forecast Centers that serve the state of Missouri as well as by other state and federal agencies and several television stations. The data have been used to dispatch flash flood information to the NWS and to make flood and drought assessments for the Missouri departments of Agriculture and Natural Resources. Public works departments, insurance companies, contractors and farmers have also used the data for documentation and management decisions. The Missouri CoCoRaHS network has proven to be a very valuable tool for precipitation measurement, and here we demonstrate this by comparing the CoCoRaHS data to different types of precipitation graphics provided by the NWS.
33
Wang, Endong, and Zhigang Shen. "LIFECYCLE ENERGY CONSUMPTION PREDICTION OF RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS BY INCORPORATING LONGITUDINAL UNCERTAINTIES." Journal of Civil Engineering and Management 19, Supplement_1 (January 9, 2014): S161—S171. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/13923730.2013.802744.
Full textAbstract:
Accurate prediction of buildings’ lifecycle energy consumption is a critical part in lifecycle assessment of residential buildings. Longitudinal variations in building conditions, weather conditions and building's service life can cause significant deviation of the prediction from the real lifecycle energy consumption. The objective is to improve the accuracy of lifecycle energy consumption prediction by properly modelling the longitudinal variations in residential energy consumption model using Markov chain based stochastic approach. A stochastic Markov model considering longitudinal uncertainties in building condition, degree days, and service life is developed: 1) Building's service life is estimated through Markov deterioration curve derived from actual building condition data; 2) Neural Network is used to project periodic energy consumption distribution for each joint energy state of building condition and temperature state; 3) Lifecycle energy consumption is aggregated based on Markov process and the state probability. A case study on predicting lifecycle energy consumption of a residential building is presented using the proposed model and the result is compared to that of a traditional deterministic model and three years’ measured annual energy consumptions. It shows that the former model generates much narrower distribution than the latter model when compared to the measured data, which indicates improved result.
34
Barjenbruch, Kevin, Carol M. Werner, Randall Graham, Cody Oppermann, Glenn Blackwelder, Jeff Williams, Glen Merrill, Scott Jensen, and Justin Connolly. "Drivers’ Awareness of and Response to Two Significant Winter Storms Impacting a Metropolitan Area in the Intermountain West: Implications for Improving Traffic Flow in Inclement Weather." Weather, Climate, and Society 8, no. 4 (October 1, 2016): 475–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/wcas-d-16-0017.1.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Over the past several decades, Utah has experienced rapid population growth, resulting in increased demand on Utah’s existing interstate and arterial infrastructure. In the Salt Lake City, Utah, metropolitan area, recurring traffic congestion (i.e., peak commute times) and nonrecurring congestion (weather related) result in an estimated average annual cost of $449 million. Recent Utah Department of Transportation (UDOT) studies have confirmed that inclement weather plays a significant role in nonrecurring congestion and associated negative impacts. In an effort to measure and potentially mitigate weather-related traffic congestion, a cooperative research study between academic (University of Utah), state [Utah Department of Transportation (UDOT)], federal (National Weather Service), and private sector (Weathernet) entities was undertaken. Driver awareness surveys were conducted for two significant winter storms along the Wasatch Front urban corridor. Participants typically used media and personal sources for gathering weather and road information, with government sources (UDOT and NWS) used less frequently. Use of government and personal sources were significant predictors of behavior change. Satisfaction with all information sources was high. The most frequent commuting changes reported were route changes and shifts in travel schedule, especially leaving early to avoid the storm. Self-reported actions from interviewees were supported by measured changes in speed, flow, and travel time from the Performance Measurement System (PeMS) utilized by UDOT. The long-term goal is to use these results to provide insight into how the weather enterprise might more effectively communicate hazard information to the public in a manner that leads to improved response (change travel times, modes, etc.).
35
First, Jennifer M., Kelsey Ellis, Mary Lehman Held, and Florence Glass. "Identifying Risk and Resilience Factors Impacting Mental Health among Black and Latinx Adults following Nocturnal Tornadoes in the U.S. Southeast." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 16 (August 15, 2021): 8609. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18168609.
Full textAbstract:
Prior research has found that Black and Latinx communities in the U.S. face significant disparities that impact both preparedness for severe weather events and the support received after a disaster has occurred. In the current study, we examined key risk and protective factors that impacted mental health among 221 Black and Latinx adult respondents exposed to the 2–3 March 2020 nocturnal tornado outbreak in the U.S. state of Tennessee. Key factors that adversely affected mental health among participants were encountering barriers for receiving tornado warning alerts and tornado-related exposure. Key factors that served a protective mechanism against adverse mental health included having access to physical resources, supportive relationships, and adaptive coping skills. These findings may assist National Weather Service (NWS) personnel, emergency managers, and mental health providers with the development of policies and practices to address barriers and promote protective strategies for future nocturnal tornado events.
36
Krajewski, Witold F., Daniel Ceynar, Ibrahim Demir, Radoslaw Goska, Anton Kruger, Carmen Langel, Ricardo Mantilla, et al. "Real-Time Flood Forecasting and Information System for the State of Iowa." Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 98, no. 3 (March 1, 2017): 539–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/bams-d-15-00243.1.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract The Iowa Flood Center (IFC), established following the 2008 record floods, has developed a real-time flood forecasting and information dissemination system for use by all Iowans. The system complements the operational forecasting issued by the National Weather Service, is based on sound scientific principles of flood genesis and spatial organization, and includes many technological advances. At its core is a continuous rainfall–runoff model based on landscape decomposition into hillslopes and channel links. Rainfall conversion to runoff is modeled through soil moisture accounting at hillslopes. Channel routing is based on a nonlinear representation of water velocity that considers the discharge amount as well as the upstream drainage area. Mathematically, the model represents a large system of ordinary differential equations organized to follow river network topology. The IFC also developed an efficient numerical solver suitable for high-performance computing architecture. The solver allows the IFC to update forecasts every 15 min for over 1,000 Iowa communities. The input to the system comes from a radar-rainfall algorithm, developed in-house, that maps rainfall every 5 min with high spatial resolution. The algorithm uses Level II radar reflectivity and other polarimetric data from the Weather Surveillance Radar-1988 Dual-Polarimetric (WSR-88DP) radar network. A large library of flood inundation maps and real-time river stage data from over 200 IFC “stream-stage sensors” complement the IFC information system. The system communicates all this information to the general public through a comprehensive browser-based and interactive platform. Streamflow forecasts and observations from Iowa can provide support for a similar system being developed at the National Water Center through model intercomparisons, diagnostic analyses, and product evaluations.
37
Moretti, Laura, and Giuseppe Loprencipe. "Climate Change and Transport Infrastructures: State of the Art." Sustainability 10, no. 11 (November 8, 2018): 4098. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10114098.
Full textAbstract:
Transport infrastructures are lifelines: They provide transportation of people and goods, in ordinary and emergency conditions, thus they should be resilient to increasing natural disasters and hazards. This work presents several technologies adopted around the world to adapt and defend transport infrastructures against effects of climate change. Three main climate change challenges have been examined: Air temperatures variability and extremization, water bombs, and sea level rise. For each type of the examined phenomena the paper presents engineered, and architectural solutions adopted to prevent disasters and protect citizens. In all cases, the countermeasures require deeper prediction of weather and climate conditions during the service life of the infrastructure. The experience gained supports the fact that strategies adopted or designed to contrast the effects of climate change on transport infrastructures pursue three main goals: To prevent the damages, protect the structures, and monitor and communicate to users the current conditions. Indeed, the analyses show that the ongoing climate change will increase its impact on transport infrastructures, exposing people to unacceptable risks. Therefore, prevention and protection measures shall be adopted more frequently in the interest of collective safety.
38
Alves, Jose-Henrique G. M., Scott Stripling, Arun Chawla, Hendrik Tolman, and Andre van der Westhuysen. "Operational Wave Guidance at the U.S. National Weather Service during Tropical/Post–Tropical Storm Sandy, October 2012*." Monthly Weather Review 143, no. 5 (May 1, 2015): 1687–702. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/mwr-d-14-00143.1.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Waves generated during Hurricane Sandy (October 2012) contributed significantly to life and property losses along the eastern U.S. seaboard. Extreme waves generated by Sandy propagated inland riding high water levels, causing direct destruction of property and infrastructure. High waves also contributed to the observed record-breaking storm surges. Operational wave-model guidance provided by the U.S. National Weather Service, via numerical model predictions made at NOAA’s National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP), gave decision makers accurate information that helped mitigate the severity of this historical event. The present study provides a comprehensive performance assessment of operational models used by NCEP during Hurricane Sandy, and makes a brief review of reports issued by government agencies, private industry, and universities, indicating the importance of the interplay of waves and surges during the hurricane. Performance of wave models is assessed through validation made relative to western Atlantic NOAA/NDBC buoys that recorded significant wave heights exceeding 6 m (19.7 ft). Bulk validation statistics indicate a high skill of operational wave forecasts up to and beyond the 3-day range. Event-based validation reveals a remarkably high skill of NCEP’s wave ensemble system, with significant added value in its data for longer forecasts beyond the 72-h range. The study concludes with considerations about the extent of severe sea-state footprints during Sandy, the dissemination of real-time wave forecasts, and its impacts to emergency management response, as well as recent upgrades and future developments at NCEP that will improve the skill of its current wave forecasting systems, resulting in more reliable wave forecasts during life-threatening severe storm events in the future.
39
Vaidyanathan, Ambarish, Shubhayu Saha, Ana M. Vicedo-Cabrera, Antonio Gasparrini, Nabill Abdurehman, Richard Jordan, Michelle Hawkins, Jeremy Hess, and Anne Elixhauser. "Assessment of extreme heat and hospitalizations to inform early warning systems." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 116, no. 12 (March 4, 2019): 5420–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1806393116.
Full textAbstract:
Heat early warning systems and action plans use temperature thresholds to trigger warnings and risk communication. In this study, we conduct multistate analyses, exploring associations between heat and all-cause and cause-specific hospitalizations, to inform the design and development of heat–health early warning systems. We used a two-stage analysis to estimate heat–health risk relationships between heat index and hospitalizations in 1,617 counties in the United States for 2003–2012. The first stage involved a county-level time series quasi-Poisson regression, using a distributed lag nonlinear model, to estimate heat–health associations. The second stage involved a multivariate random-effects meta-analysis to pool county-specific exposure–response associations across larger geographic scales, such as by state or climate region. Using results from this two-stage analysis, we identified heat index ranges that correspond with significant heat-attributable burden. We then compared those with the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Weather Service (NWS) heat alert criteria used during the same time period. Associations between heat index and cause-specific hospitalizations vary widely by geography and health outcome. Heat-attributable burden starts to occur at moderately hot heat index values, which in some regions are below the alert ranges used by the NWS during the study time period. Locally specific health evidence can beneficially inform and calibrate heat alert criteria. A synchronization of health findings with traditional weather forecasting efforts could be critical in the development of effective heat–health early warning systems.
40
Abayomi-Alli, A., P. I. Ezomo, D. J. Etuk, I. Oghogho, and F. Izilein. "Performance Evaluation of GSM Service Providers around Igbinedion University Campuses." Advanced Materials Research 367 (October 2011): 177–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.367.177.
Full textAbstract:
A performance evaluation of GSM service providers (Globacom, MTN and Zain) was conducted in Okada, Edo State; home of Igbinedion University. The main research objective was ascertaining the Quality of Service (QoS) provision level and fulfillment of minimum industry QoS standards of GSM operators. The GSM Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) and technical parameters measured included: percentages of call set-up success rate, call set-up failure rate, post dialing delay (intra/inter-network), call drop rate, call retention rate and call completion rate; credit balance inquiry success and failure; SMS delivery failures, incorrect feedback and multiple billing; recharge cards loading success, loading error and loading incorrect feedback. The measurements were carried out at different geographical positions of the town at varying time intervals. Observations were also made on some other performance issues like network availability, voice quality, call setup phase, post dialing delay-elongation, weather influence and signaling/ feedback. The study revealed several levels of KPI achievements by the different networks with Globacom performing best, coming tops in twenty-three (23) indicators out of the thirty-seven (37) considered followed by Zain and then MTN. It also revealed that the networks achieved some NCC QoS benchmarks and failed in some other notable ones.
41
Oswald, Evan M., Richard B. Rood, Kai Zhang, Carina J. Gronlund, Marie S. O’Neill, Jalonne L. White-Newsome, Shannon J. Brines, and Daniel G. Brown. "An Investigation into the Spatial Variability of Near-Surface Air Temperatures in the Detroit, Michigan, Metropolitan Region." Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology 51, no. 7 (July 2012): 1290–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jamc-d-11-0127.1.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractOn an annual basis, heat is the chief cause of weather-related deaths in the United States. Therefore, understanding the temperature structure where people live is important for reducing the health burden imposed by hot weather. This study focused on the air temperatures in the Detroit, Michigan, metropolitan region during the summer of 2009. An observational network was established that included 1) monitors sited in the backyards of residential participants, 2) National Weather Service standard observations, and 3) a network of monitors operated by the State of Michigan. Daily high and low temperatures were analyzed for spatial pattern, magnitude of spatial variability, and relationships with weather conditions. The existence of spatial variability was confirmed specifically during weather that was considered to be dangerous to public health. The relationships between temperature observations and distance to water, distance to city center, and local percent of impervious surface were investigated. The spatial variability during the daily low was typically stronger in magnitude and the spatial pattern was more consistent than were those during the daily high. The largest correlation with land-cover and location attributes was between values of percent of impervious surface and daily low temperatures. Daily high temperatures were most correlated with distance to water. Consistent with previous studies on spatial variability in urban environments, the results suggest a need for sensitivity to the spatially variable nature of exposure to heat events in both public health and urban planning. For example, these results showed that the downtown area experienced elevated temperatures during nights and that the eastern portions of Detroit experienced decreased temperatures during afternoons.
42
Claußnitzer, A., I. Langer, P. Névir, E. Reimer, and U. Cubasch. "Process-oriented statistical-dynamical evaluation of LM precipitation forecasts." Advances in Geosciences 16 (April 9, 2008): 33–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/adgeo-16-33-2008.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract. The objective of this study is the scale dependent evaluation of precipitation forecasts of the Lokal-Modell (LM) from the German Weather Service in relation to dynamical and cloud parameters. For this purpose the newly designed Dynamic State Index (DSI) is correlated with clouds and precipitation. The DSI quantitatively describes the deviation and relative distance from a stationary and adiabatic solution of the primitive equations. A case study and statistical analysis of clouds and precipitation demonstrates the availability of the DSI as a dynamical threshold parameter. This confirms the importance of imbalances of the atmospheric flow field, which dynamically induce the generation of rainfall.
43
Savorskiy, V., S. Bartalev, A. Kashnitskiy, A. Mazurov, O. Panova, and F. Stytsenko. "GEOINFORMATION TOOLS PROVIDING ESTIMATIONS OF VEGETATION AREAL DAMAGES CAUSED BY WILD FIRE DISASTERS." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-3/W4 (March 6, 2018): 437–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-3-w4-437-2018.
Full textAbstract:
<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> The object of this work is to develop web tools, which provide remote services necessary for disaster management purposes in domain of satellite Earth observation (EO) of vegetation areal, primarily forest or agricultural areas damaged by wild fires. The main idea for application of developed web tools is to provide targeted users with estimation instrument that allows not only to predict future or to detect existed perturbations in vegetation canopy but to estimate damage extent caused by disasters as well. To estimate damage extent of future possible disaster the developed services use historical data on vegetation canopy parameter both with hydrometeorology data on current weather conditions. Specialized EO data routines produce a set of products, which are required to make reliable prediction of possible damage extent subject to current weather conditions. In addition, the tools for estimation consequences of actual disaster event in vegetation areal are developed. In this case, special service compares actual state of vegetation canopy, which is retrieved from actual EO information, with historical information, which is extracted from special database that contains information on vegetation canopy status immediately before disaster event. This comparison allows not only to estimate the extent of actual damage but also to forecast disaster effects on future consequences, i.e. to estimate finally expected damage extent. Developed tools incorporate both forecasting and nowcasting possibilities to estimate damage extents. All necessary supporting services are implemented in active satellite data information system (IS) incorporated with long-term EO data archive. This incorporation allows upgrading possibilities of information system in disaster management support, namely in fast and reliable estimation of current and eventual damages.</p>
44
Koyenikan, Margaret, and I. S. Ohiomoba. "TECHNOLOGIES USING TELEPHONE APPLICATIONS IN EDO STATE, NIGERIA." FUDMA JOURNAL OF SCIENCES 5, no. 2 (July 13, 2021): 434–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.33003/fjs-2021-0502-621.
Full textAbstract:
The global crisis in Climate Change (CC) requires Climate Smart Agriculture (CSA) Information and Technologies (CSAITs) to address it. Mobile Phone Applications (MPAs) among other ICTs could be veritable tools for enhancing job performance of field staff by facilitating their generation and dissemination of relevant information to adapt, cope with and mitigate the effects of CC. This study examined access and dissemination of CSAITs using MPAs by field staff in Edo State Agricultural Development Programme (ADP). Specifically, it described the socio-economic characteristics, access and dissemination of CSA-related information, use of MPAs for CSAITs and the constraints to usage of MPAs among field workers. Data were collected from the 120 field staff comprising 78 Field Extension Workers and 42 Enumerators of Edo State Agricultural Development Programme (ADP), Nigeria. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Pearson’s Product Moment Correlation (PPMC). Results show that 55.8% of respondents were males and 40.8% were between 41-50 years of age, 54.2% were HND/B.Sc holders and 50.8% had between 11-20years working experience. The CSAITs mostly accessed (≥50%) using MPAs include irrigation and “fadama” farming, weather forecasts and zero or minimal tillage and non-burning while CSAITs mostly disseminated include manure application, mulching, and timely harvesting. The MPAs used for CSA-related tasks include voice calls ( =2.78), Short Messaging Service (SMS) ( =2.53), calculators ( =2.46), camera ( =2.46) and emails ( =2.43). Constraints to using MPAs for CSAITs-related tasks included inadequate knowledge and skills in CSAITs ( =3.72) and in the use of many MPAs and
45
Ivus, H. P., and V. F. Мartazinova. "Brief overview of meteorological research in the late XX - early XXI century in Ukraine." Ukrainian hydrometeorological journal, no. 19 (October 29, 2017): 19–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.31481/uhmj.19.2017.02.
Full textAbstract:
In the paper the review of the meteorological research in Ukraine at the end of the 20-th century – the beginning of the 21-th century was made. Researches in the field of meteorology are performed mainly by the Ukrainian Hydrometeorological Institute of the State Service of Emergencies of Ukraine and National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Odessa State Environmental University (OSENU) and Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv (TSNUK).
The studies of UkrHMI scientific schools headed by well-known scientists in the field of meteorology were devoted to the development of new theories, methods, models in the field of the weather forecasting and dangerous situations in Ukraine, radiation balance, agrometeorology, climate researches in the Ukraine, numerical modeling of cloud physics and active effects on clouds, numerical methods in analysis and forecast of natural and technogenic processes in the atmosphere.
In OSENU, where two scientific schools are established, the scientists study the formation of severe weather and its forecast, diagnose and forecast mesoscale atmospheric circulations, identify nonlinear interaction between the main global structures, detect the features of circulation processes in high latitudes of the southern hemisphere, conduct systematic studies in the field of numerical modelling of physics and dynamics of atmospheric processes with the Enviro-HIRLAM and HARMONIE models.
Scientists of TSNUK study changes in the total column ozone amount in the atmosphere of Antarctic Region and the mid-latitudes of Northern Hemisphere. The work on analyzing the state of climatic parameters and changing the current climate of Ukraine is being carried out at the KNU.
46
KUZNYAK, Bogdan. "PROBLEMS OF DEVELOPMENT OF FARMS AND THEIR SERVICING COOPERATIVES IN UKRAINE." Economy of Ukraine 2019, no. 5 (June 11, 2019): 68–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/economyukr.2019.05.068.
Full textAbstract:
It is determined that the most common form of organization of production is the family farming. First, it is based on the unity of ownership and labor, which generates an interest in the efficiency of management. Secondly, this is an area where people deal with nature, living organisms that require special care, attention and rapid response to changing weather conditions. The owner and his family cope with all these unstable situations most successfully. It is revealed that modern farmers are managers who have professional equipment and agronomic, zoo-technical, and economic education, since without appropriate knowledge it is impossible to win in a tough competition. The state supports farmers financially, legally, provides and guarantees the right of ownership. It is substantiated that an important role in the development of farming is played by service cooperatives that are created by farmers in order to jointly sell products in the domestic and foreign markets in large lots at bargain prices, as well as to purchase means of production and create processing enterprises. This allows farmers to focus on production, to study and implement the achievements of science and technology, which increases the efficiency of production. The author shows that, in Ukraine, farms began to emerge after gaining independence and the country’s transition to market economy. However, this process is contradictory. The development of farming is hampered by the lack of price parity for agricultural and industrial products, state material and legal support, the lack of appropriate personnel as well as by corruption and raiding. It is proved that the creation of service cooperatives is important for the development of farming. It is analyzed that their development is hampered by the lack of: the state support, knowledge about cooperation and the benefits it provides to peasants, an understanding of the essence of cooperation by the highest bodies of agricultural structures. The author reveals that (i) the world experience of the development of farming and service cooperatives should be taken into account and (ii) it should be stated in the Constitution of Ukraine that the basis of the agrarian structure are farms, which in the long run should become the main producer of agricultural products, and service cooperatives as their constituent part.
47
Toms, Benjamin A., Jeffrey B. Basara, and Yang Hong. "Usage of Existing Meteorological Data Networks for Parameterized Road Ice Formation Modeling." Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology 56, no. 7 (July 2017): 1959–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jamc-d-16-0199.1.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractA road ice prediction model was developed on the basis of existing data networks with an objective of providing a computationally efficient method of road ice forecasting. Icing risk was separated into three distinct road ice formation mechanisms: hoarfrost, freezing fog, and frozen precipitation. Hoarfrost parameterizations were mostly gathered as presented in previous literature, with modifications incorporated to account for diffusional ice crystal growth-rate complexity. Freezing-fog parameterizations were based on previous fog typological analyses under the assumption that fog formation mechanisms are similar in above- and subfreezing temperatures. Frozen-precipitation parameterizations were primarily unique to the developed model but were also partially based on previous research. Diagnostic analyses use a synthesis of Automated Surface Observing System (ASOS), Automated Weather Observing System (AWOS), and Oklahoma Mesonet data. Prognostic analyses utilize the National Digital Forecast Database (NDFD), a 2.5-km gridded database of forecast meteorological variables output from National Weather Service Weather Forecast Offices. A frequency analysis was performed using the diagnostic parameterizations to determine general road icing risk across the state of Oklahoma. The frequency analyses aligned well with expected temporal maxima and confirmed the viability of the developed parameterizations. Further, a fog typological analysis showed the implemented freezing-fog-formation parameterizations to capture 89% of fog events. These results suggest that the developed model, identified as the Road-Ice Model (RIM), may be implemented as a robust option for analyzing the potential for road ice development based on the background meteorological environment.
48
Johnson, Victoria, Richard Jeffries, Greg Byrd, Wendy Schreiber-Abshire, Elizabeth Page, Bruce Muller, and Tim Alberta. "Celebrating COMET’s 25 Years of Providing Innovative Education and Training." Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 96, no. 12 (December 1, 2015): 2183–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/bams-d-14-00276.1.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract The Cooperative Program for Operational Meteorology, Education, and Training (COMET)’s mission when it began in 1990 was to deliver professional development opportunities to U.S. government forecasters during the National Weather Service (NWS) modernization program. Since then, COMET has emerged as a worldwide leader in geoscience education. Its original objectives were to provide forecasters with classroom and distance learning training based on state-of-the-art science; support development and testing of new forecast methods; promote collaboration between the forecasting, research, and academic communities; and to advance forecasting and nowcasting by encouraging research. Over the years, COMET’s mission has expanded to disseminating and enhancing scientific knowledge in the environmental sciences, particularly meteorology, but also including diverse areas such as oceanography, hydrology, space weather, and emergency management. This paper reviews COMET’s evolution from a primary focus on educating U.S. forecasters on the application of new technologies (such as Doppler radar) to mesoscale meteorology problems into a program with a much broader scope. Those changes include offering learning opportunities that now cover a wider variety of topics and support the educational needs of diverse audiences worldwide. The history of COMET is a story of adaptation to technological changes, funding cycles, partner requirements, and service opportunities as well as taking on a more global mission. We will look at how COMET’s activities in geoscience education have changed, how its adaptability has contributed to the longevity of the program that was only supposed to exist until the NWS modernization was complete, and expectations and plans for the future.
49
Duan, Yihong, Jiandong Gong, Jun Du, Martin Charron, Jing Chen, Guo Deng, Geoff DiMego, et al. "An Overview of the Beijing 2008 Olympics Research and Development Project (B08RDP)." Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 93, no. 3 (March 1, 2012): 381–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/bams-d-11-00115.1.
Full textAbstract:
The Beijing 2008 Olympics Research and Development Project (B08RDP), initiated in 2004 under the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) World Weather Research Programme (WWRP), undertook the research and development of mesoscale ensemble prediction systems (MEPSs) and their application to weather forecast support during the Beijing Olympic Games. Six MEPSs from six countries, representing the state-of-the-art regional EPSs with near-real-time capabilities and emphasizing on the 6–36-h forecast lead times, participated in the project. The background, objectives, and implementation of B08RDP, as well as the six MEPSs, are reviewed. The accomplishments are summarized, which include 1) providing value-added service to the Olympic Games, 2) advancing MEPS-related research, 3) accelerating the transition from research to operations, and 4) training forecasters in utilizing forecast uncertainty products. The B08RDP has fulfilled its research (MEPS development) and demonstration (value-added service) purposes. The research conducted covers the areas of verification, examining the value of MEPS relative to other numerical weather prediction (NWP) systems, combining multimodel or multicenter ensembles, bias correction, ensemble perturbations [initial condition (IC), lateral boundary condition (LBC), land surface IC, and model physics], downscaling, forecast applications, data assimilation, and storm-scale ensemble modeling. Seven scientific issues important to MEPS have been identified. It is recognized that the daily use of forecast uncertainty information by forecasters remains a challenge. Development of forecaster-friendly products and training activities should be a long-term effort and needs to be continuously enhanced. The B08RDP dataset is also a valuable asset to the research community. The experience gained in international collaboration, organization, and implementation of a multination regional EPS for a common goal and to address common scientific issues can be shared by the ongoing projects The Observing System Research and Predictability Experiment (THORPEX) Interactive Grand Global Ensemble—Limited Area Models (TIGGE-LAM) and North American Ensemble Forecast System—Limited Area Models (NAEFS-LAM).
50
Olexandr A. Shchyptsov, Dmitry L. Kreta, Oleksiy G. Lebid, and Natalia A. Sheviakina. "Use of remote sensing results in the tasks of navigational and hydrographic situation monitoring." Environmental safety and natural resources 36, no. 4 (December 22, 2020): 66–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.32347/2411-4049.2020.4.66-76.
Full textAbstract:
The paper presents the possibilities of using modern online sources of satellite information in the tasks of monitoring the ecological and navigational-hydrographic situation and building on their basis methods and information technologies to reflect the state of marine waters and operational forecasting of changes in this state. For the tasks of monitoring the ecological and navigational-hydrographic situation, one of the most convenient and informative is the marine environment monitoring service COPERNICUS (CMEMS). This service collects and presents data on observations of spatio-temporal variability of sea water temperature and salinity values, streams parameters, etc. by using specialized artificial satellites Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2, which intended for use in the mission of a dual satellite with high viewing frequency and high resolution. CMEMS provides, on a regular and systematic basis, information on the physical condition, variability and dynamics of the oceanic and marine ecosystems. The principle of measurement uses natural microwave emissions on the sea surface, which vary depending on the degree of roughness of the sea surface. You can get the parameters of wind direction, atmospheric water vapor, rain speed, sea ice (age, concentration and limit), the length of the snow cover and the water content in the snow. High-resolution ice mapping services provide ice classification and floating ice data to navies and shipping companies to ensure safe year-round shipping. The ability of the Sentinel-1 to conduct observations in any weather and during the day or night makes it ideal for accurately determining the location and movement of the vessel at sea. Oil detection applications are used to gather evidence of illegal discharges, analyze the spread of oil spills and search for oil reserves by detecting natural infiltration. Sentinel-1 marine products, in combination with global sea wave models, help determine the direction, wavelength and height of waves on the open sea, as well as help predict the weather, the movement of ships and the use of wave energy. In addition, Sentinel-1 can provide data on the interaction of ocean waves and streams, which allows you to visualize large-scale ocean streams, cold/warm water massifs, coastal streams and internal waves. Software and hardware complexes and information-analytical systems created with the use of these methods and technologies can significantly increase the efficiency and effectiveness of solving problems of environmental monitoring, navigation and hydrographic support of navigation, search and rescue operations in marine waters.