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SOUZA, FELIPE LOBO UMBELINO DE. "ANALYSIS OF MULTIMODALITY IN FREIGHT TRANSPORT IN THE STATE OF RIO DE JANEIRO USING THE STATED PREFERENCE METHOD." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2017. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=33331@1.
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PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIROCOORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIOR
CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO
PROGRAMA DE SUPORTE À PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO DE INSTS. DE ENSINO
A escolha do modo de transporte de carga é uma questão crítica na modelagem da demanda por transporte. Este estudo utiliza a técnica de preferência declarada no sentido de analisar o transporte de carga no Estado do Rio de Janeiro, visando identificar quais são os fatores relevantes na escolha de modo de transporte (rodovia e ferrovia) por parte das empresas com atuação no Estado, na categoria de produtos de Carga Geral. O estudo utilizou o modelo Logit Multinominal com o objetivo de verificar a importância de fatores (custo, tempo, serviço, confiabilidade, disponibilidade e risco de roubo de carga) na escolha de modo por parte das empresas, e apontar quais medidas que podem ser adotadas no sentido de fomentar a multimodalidade no transporte de carga no Estado do Rio de Janeiro.
Freight mode choice is a critical part in modeling freight demand. This study uses the stated preference techniques to analyze cargo transportation in the State of Rio de Janeiro, aiming to identify the relevant factors in the mode choice (road and railroad) by companies operating in the State in the category of General Cargo products. The study used the Multinominal Logit model in order to verify the importance of factors (cost, time, service, reliability, availability and cargo theft risk) in the mode choice by the companies, and to indicate which measures may be adopted to promote multimodality in freight transport in the State of Rio de Janeiro.
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Rahemtulla, Y. G. "Environmental quality and tourism development in the Seychelles, an application of the stated preference method." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp04/mq28979.pdf.
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Widyastuti, Hera. "Valuing motorcycle casualties in developing countries using willingness-to pay method : stated-preference discrete choice modelling approach." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/1446.
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Motorcycle ownership and use in developing cities in Asia, including Surabaya and Jakarta (Indonesia), Kuala Lumpur (Malaysia) and Bangkok (Thailand) have increased dramatically over the past few decades. With this high rate of growth, there is evidence of an increase in the number of motorcycle casualties. Currently, efforts to reduce road casualties in general, and to reduce motorcyclist casualties in particular, have attracted considerable attention in developing countries, especially where motorcycle casualties have risen rapidly, for instance, in Indonesia. Necessary road safety improvements will demand substantial funding which the respective local and regional authorities of the countries generally support. To provide information to policy makers, in particular on how much saving can be gained by implementing road safety improvements, it is very important to have an accurate technique for valuing a road casualty. Various techniques are available to value road casualties however the appropriate method will depend on the objectives and balancing conflicting objectives such as whether to maximise the country’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP) or strengthen social welfare. At present, most of the developing countries, including Indonesia, use the Gross Output method to value the casualties; the objective of this method is to maximise the GDP. On the other hand, most of the developed countries prefer to use the Willingness to Pay method, which combines welfare objectives with cost-benefit analysis. The cost-benefit analysis is needed on the valuation of safety improvement program. The Willingness to Pay method was devised to determine the value of preventing casualties and to strengthen the social welfare objectives. This research uses the Willingness to Pay method for valuing motorcyclist casualty costs. In order to investigate the similarities, differences and interaction between the two, the Gross Output method also is used to estimate the motorcycle casualty costs. The case study used for this research is Surabaya city in Indonesia where the number of motorcycle casualties has increased substantially since the early 1990s. This study identifies that the Discrete Choice Modelling technique is appropriate to put a value of the Willingness to Pay. The study also delivers a basic understanding of the relationship between social attitudes and motorcycle-related casualty reductions; it considers three casualty classes: slight, serious with no disability and serious with disability. The research produced statistically significant evidence suggesting that the older population is less likely to support investments to reduce casualties. However, the reverse is true for households with higher income and more children. Finally the Willingness to Pay method was shown to be a suitable technique to be used in developing countries to measure the value of motorcycle casualties. Key words: Motorcycle Safety Valuation, Willingness-to-Pay, Stated-Preference Surveys, Discrete Choice Models
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Lunaro, Adriana. "Avaliação dos espaços urbanos segundo a percepção das pessoas idosas." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2004. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/4202.
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Previous issue date: 2004-10-20This work is the result of a research accomplished in the city of Barretos-SP, with the purpose of to identify and to evaluate the variables of physical and environmental characterization of the sidewalks and public walks, destined to the pedestrians' circulation, under the comfort aspects, safety and environmental conditions. For identification of the variables, a research was accomplished with technicians of the engineering areas, architecture, physiotherapy, medicine, nursing, physical education, transports and psychology using the Method of Delphi. For evaluation of the chosen variables for the technicians, a new research was accomplished with seniors, with age starting from 60 years, where the Technique of the Declared Preference was used. It was verified that the technicians prioritize the variables that are related the a level of acceptable service for the walk and that for the seniors the favorite atmosphere for the walks should present, in first place, comfortable conditions for the movement, without any obstacles and to offer safety mainly during the crossing of the streets. The result of this work can contribute to the definition of plans and projects to facilitate the people's accessibility with some deficiency type or with reduced mobility and to identify the places where are necessary improvements and modifications.
Este trabalho é o resultado de uma pesquisa realizada na cidade de Barretos-SP, com a finalidade de identificar e avaliar as variáveis de caracterização física e ambiental das calçadas e passeios públicos, destinados à circulação de pedestres, sob os aspectos de conforto, segurança e condições ambientais. Para identificação das variáveis, foi realizada uma pesquisa com técnicos das áreas de engenharia, arquitetura, fisioterapia, medicina, enfermagem, educação física, transportes e psicologia utilizando o Método de Delphi. Para avaliação das variáveis escolhidas pelos técnicos, uma nova pesquisa foi realizada com idosos, com idade a partir de 60 anos, onde foi utilizado a Técnica da Preferência Declarada. Constatou-se que os técnicos priorizam as variáveis que estão relacionadas a um nível de serviço aceitável para a caminhada e que para os idosos o ambiente preferido para as caminhadas deve apresentar, em primeiro lugar, condições confortáveis para a movimentação, sem quaisquer obstáculos e oferecer segurança principalmente durante a travessia das ruas. O resultado deste trabalho poderá contribuir para a definição de planos e projetos para facilitar a acessibilidade das pessoas com algum tipo de deficiência ou com mobilidade reduzida e identificar os locais onde são necessárias melhorias e modificações.
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Siler, Emily A. "Evaluation of a Bicycle Facility User Survey in the Dayton, Ohio Area." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1470257342.
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Skedgel, Chris D. "Estimating societal preferences for the allocation of healthcare resources using stated preference methods." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2013. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/6307/.
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Most governments in the world provide some publicly funded healthcare to their citizens, but given the scarcity of resources relative to potential demand, some form of rationing or priority setting is required, and some patients must be denied effective treatment. The thesis took the position that an explicit approach based on maximising the value that society derives from healthcare is the preferred way to address this rationing problem. Conventional health economic practice proposes that value should be equated with quality-adjusted life years (QALYs), leading to a policy of QALY maximisation, but, it is argued, not necessarily value maximisation. A more inclusive approach to defining value, based on societal preferences, may maximise overall well-being and be associated with greater trust and legitimacy in the priority setting process. The thesis identified patient and program characteristics that appeared to have empirical evidence of public support as well as a defensible ethical justification in determining the strength of a patient’s claim to societal healthcare resources. The relative strength of preferences for these characteristics, or the equity-efficiency trade-off, was estimated using stated preference methods. Two different methods, discrete choice experiments and constant-sum paired comparisons, were used and the response behaviours of the two elicitations were compared to identify a preferred method for eliciting societal preferences in the context of healthcare. Both methods found a statistically significant equity-efficiency trade-off in an age and sex representative sample of the Canadian public as well as a convenience sample of decision-making agents. This suggested that society would be willing to sacrifice some degree of efficiency in maximising individual life year gains in order to prioritise other characteristics consistent with the promotion of equity or distributive justice in the allocation of healthcare resources. However, differences between the results of the two elicitation methods suggested some systematic procedural variance.
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Surendran, Nair Sujithkumar. "Three Essays on Watershed Modeling, Value of Water Quality and Optimization of Conservation Management." The Ohio State University, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1261582121.
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Diener, Alan. "Valuing health and air quality using stated preference methods." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape7/PQDD_0034/NQ66200.pdf.
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Yoo, Kwang E. "A study of Korean air passengers' choice behaviour, utilising revealed preference and stated preference methods." Thesis, Loughborough University, 1995. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/12610.
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Air travellers' choice behaviour is fundamental to air transport system planning. The Korean international air travel market is at an expansion stage. The objective of this study is to research the choice behaviour of Korean people for their international trips. The flight choice for long distance international travel, which takes more than ten hours of air journey time was studied through analysing stated preference (SP) data as well as revealed preference (RP) data, which were gathered by the survey of this research. The study identified the major factors influencing flight choice in the market and their relative importance by constructing logit models. Separate logit models have been calibrated with RP data and with SP data. The final conclusion was obtained from a comparison of the SP and RP model, and complementary interpretation of the results of RP data and SP data analysis. The major findings of the study are; (1) identification of journey time, air fare, service frequency, and nationality of airline as major factors influencing passengers' flight choice in the market. It is remarked that Korean nationality of airline is considerably preferred in the market. Most Koreans are not fluent in foreign languages, especially English or other European languages, and they are not accustomed to Western culture, and this results in their preference for Korean airlines. (2) estimation of the value of travel time, and other relative importance of variables. For RP data, not only coefficients of the model, but also intellectual interpretation of the data themselves was conducted because some coefficients of the RP model were not statistically significant.
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Jin, Jian Jun. "Stated preference methods and their applications for non-market environmental valuation in Macao." Thesis, University of Macau, 2006. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b1636326.
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Caldas, Marco A. F. "Assessing the efficiency of revealed and stated preference methods for modelling transport demand." Thesis, Cranfield University, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.309686.
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Dulin, Linda. "Leadership preferences of a Generation Y cohort: A mixed methods study." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2005. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc4735/.
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Presently there are four generational cohorts in the workplace. Born from 1977 to 1997, the youngest cohort group, referred to as Generation Y (or Gen Y) in this study, has 81 million members, of whom over 29 million are already in the workplace. The importance of leader-subordinate relationships in the workplace has been confirmed; in recognizing this, leaders must identify and adapt to the changing era-shaped needs of employees, who cannot fully participate in organizational life if their most urgent needs are not being met. Because Gen Y employees are only now entering the workforce, little is actually known about the workplace needs of this cohort group. This study attempted to determine leadership needs of a Gen Y cohort as a means to enhance workplace relationships in the 21st century organization. A sequential, mixed methods study was employed to explore leadership preferences of a Gen Y cohort. Initially, focus group interviews were used to generate leadership themes. Based on these themes, an instrument was designed, and Gen Y business students from three higher education institutions were surveyed. Confirmatory factor analysis using LISREL software was used to test the themes. The driving force behind this research design was to build a foundation of understanding through inductive research (qualitative) and to test and enrich the foundation through deductive means (quantitative).
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Rwunguko, Jean d'Amour. "Quantification of transport demand of hybrid lighter than air in Rwanda through stated preference methods." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/96931.
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Thesis (MSc)-- Stellenbosch University, 2015.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Today, development of innovative modes of transport is taking place in order to accelerate the economic growth of transport users as well as reducing the environmental pollution, through an improved transport system. These new transport modes are associated with advances in modern technologies that are able to provide solutions to different problems in the transport industry of developing countries. This research was motivated by the cost reduction and environmental benefits, accruing from the use of new technology of Hybrid Lighter Than Air (HLTA) transport mode. The intention then, was to evaluate the modes choice preference of transport users in the case where the HLTA is introduced in Rwanda. The new mode of HLTA is believed to make a contribution in solving transport challenges stemming from the fact that Rwanda is a landlocked country. The landlockedness is associated with lack of access to seaports, remoteness and isolation from major markets. This continues to impede the development of the country and the problem is exacerbated by the fact that, road transport mode dominates the transport operations in Rwanda. From an economic point of view, road transport causes high transport economic costs for both passengers and freight, and increases, to a large extent, environmental pollution. In order to achieve the transport users’ modes choice preferences, this study has developed and used an efficient survey design process of Stated Preference. Drawing from current literature, Stated Preference is an accurate tool for data collection of studies that relate to choice preferences. This technique made it possible to design questionnaires by hypothetically creating choice games using three attributes; i.e. In Vehicle Travel Time, Waiting Time and Travel Cost for available alternative modes of transport. Thereafter, the collection of data took place by interviewing the transport users of three routes that accommodate heavy traffic in the study area, Rwanda. The SPSS version 21 computer programme was used to analyse mode choice preference data and then for a matter of checking the results, STATA S/E 11.1 was used. Among the results, these computer programmes reported coefficients of attributes and these were applied in the Binomial logistic regression mathematical structure in the model building process. The model refinement and validation processes that followed, have suggested a removal of Waiting Time from the explanatory variables. This was due to poor performance that Waiting Time has demonstrated in terms of prediction and significance. Then, magnitudes of utilities of models were determined based on the two remaining variables. The choice probability value of each alternative on different routes was calculated; and thus transport demand of each mode was quantified. According to the results, transport users in Rwanda would prefer and use HLTA in case it starts operating. For both cargo and passenger transport, HLTA was chosen above other modes set into choice process, with probabilities of 79.7%, 86.1%, and 58% for HLTA-Passenger on long, medium and short routes respectively and 71%, 56% and 77% for HLTA-Cargo on long, medium and short route respectively. The passenger transport volume share of HLTA-Passenger projected in the year 2014 was found to be 6269256 passengers against a total annual passenger traffic demand of 7941752 passengers on the three routes considered. The annual freight volume of HLTA-Cargo was 10947921 tonnes against a total of 16935637 tonnes on all the routes considered. These high demand volumes of HLTA were due to high choice probabilities which in turn, were due to small values of attributes that HLTA has got compared to those of other modes. It is, therefore, proposed that more research should be conducted to study the viability of HLTA use in Rwanda. While doing so, such studies should consider issues of economic viability, environmental benefit research and other studies engaging demand data, since these data items would be published as the main results of this current work.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die ontwikkeling van innoverende vervoermiddels vind deesdae plaas ten einde die ekonomiese groei van die gebruikers van vervoer te versnel, asook om maniere te soek om omgewingsbesoedeling te bekamp deur die verbetering van vervoerstelsels. Hierdie nuwe vervoermiddels word geassosieer met vooruitgang in moderne tegnologie, wat ten doel het om oplossings te voorsien vir verskeie probleme in die vervoerindustrie van ontwikkelende lande. Hierdie navorsing is gemotiveer deur kostevermindering en omgewingsvoordele, wat uit die gebruik van die nuwe tegnologie van Hibriede Ligter as Lug vervoermiddels (lugskip) voortspruit. Die bedoeling was dan om die keuse van vervoermiddelvoorkeure deur gebruikers, te evalueer ingeval die bogenoemde lugskip in Rwanda as vervoermiddel implementeer sou word. Daar word beweer dat hierdie nuwe lugskip vervoermiddel ‘n aandeel sal hê om die vervoeruitdagingsprobleme van Rwanda, wat landingeslote is, te help oplos. Hierdie landingeslotenheid word geassosieer met ‘n gebrek aan toegang tot seehawens, afstand en afsondering van groot markte. Voorts belemmer dit die ontwikkeling van die land en die probleem word vererger deur die feit dat padvervoer die vervoer bedrywighede in die land oorheers. Padvervoer veroorsaak hoë vervoer onkoste in die land se ekonomie, vir beide passasiers- en vragvervoer, en daar is ‘n aansienlike toename in omgewingsbesoedeling. Ten einde die vervoergebruikers se vervoermiddelkeuse voorkeure te bereik, het hierdie studie 'n doeltreffende opname-ontwerp proses van Verklaarde Voorkeur ontwikkel en gebruik. Uit kennis van huidige literatuur, word aanvaar dat Verklaarde Voorkeur 'n akkurate instrument is vir data-versameling vir studies wat verband hou met die keuse van voorkeure. Hierdie tegniek het dit moontlik gemaak om vraelyste te ontwerp deur die hipotetiese skepping van keuse speletjies wat drie eienskappe gebruik, naamlik In-Voertuig Reistyd, Wagtyd en Reiskoste vir beskikbare alternatiewe vervoermiddels. Daarna het dataversameling plaasgevind deurdat onderhoude met vervoergebruikers van drie swaarverkeerroetes in Rwanda gevoer is. Die SPSS weergawe 21 rekenaarprogram is gebruik om die vervoermiddel-keuse voorkeurdata te analiseer, en daarna, ten einde die uitslae te ondersoek, is die STATA S/E 11.1 program gebruik. As deel van die uitslae het hierdie rekenaarprogramme berig oor eienskappe van koëffisiënte. Hierdie uitslae is toegepas in die Binomiale logistieke regressie wiskundige struktuur in ‘n modelbou-proses. Die model validasieproses wat gevolg het, het voorgestel dat wagtyd weggelaat word as een van die verklarende veranderlikes. Dit was as gevolg van swak prestasie wat wagtyd getoon het in terme van voorspelling en betekenis. Daarna is groottes van modelle se nuttigheid bepaal op grond van die twee oorblywende veranderlikes. Laastens is die keuse waarskynlikheidswaardes van elke alternatief op verskillende roetes bereken, en sodoende is die vervoeraanvraag van elke vervoermiddel gekwantifiseer. Volgens die uitslae sou vervoergebruikers in Rwanda die lugskip as vervoermiddel verkies en gebruik, indien dit implementer sou word. Vir beide vrag- en passasiersvervoer, is die lugskip bo ander vorme gekies wat in die keuse proses beskikbaar was, met waarskynlikhede van 79.7%, 86.1%, en 58 vir lugskip-passasier op 'n lang, medium en kort roete onderskeidelik, en waarskynlikhede van 71%, 56% en 77% vir lugskip-vrag op die lang, medium en kort roetes onderskeidelik. Die projeksie van die passasier vervoer volume gedeelte van lugskip-passasier vir die jaar 2014 het bevind dat 6269256 passasiers uit 'n totale passasiersverkeer aanvraag van 7941752, geprojekteer vir 2014, op die drie oorweegde roetes voorspel was. Die vrag volume van lugskip-vrag was 10947921 ton, teenoor 'n totaal van 16935637 ton op al die oorweegde roetes. Hierdie hoë aanvraag volumes van lugskip vervoer was as gevolg van hoë keuse waarskynlikhede wat op hul beurt, as gevolg van die klein waardes van eienskappe van die lugskip in vergelyking met dié van ander vervoermiddels veroorsaak is. Die voorstel is dus dat meer navorsing gedoen moet word om die lewensvatbaarheid van die gebruik van lugskip vervoer in Rwanda te bestudeer. Terselfdertyd moet sodanige studies kwessies oorweeg wat die ekonomiese lewensvatbaar van die vervoermiddel ondersoek, voordele vir die omgewing inhou en ander studies waar aanvraagdata oorweeg word, aangesien sulke data alreeds gepubliseer sal wees as die belangrikste resultate van hierdie huidige studie.
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Birol, Ekin. "Valuing agricultural biodiversity on home gardens in Hungary : an application of stated and revealed preference methods." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2004. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1446498/.
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This thesis contributes to the economics of conservation of agricultural biodiversity on farm with a case study on traditional Hungarian home gardens, which are microagroecosystems that are repositories of Hungary's remaining agricultural biodiversity riches, as well as of Hungarian cultural heritage. The aims of this thesis are to measure the private values of home gardens and agricultural biodiversity therein that accrue to farm families who manage them, and to investigate the effects of household, market, agro-ecological, cultural and economic factors on farm families' demand for and supply of agricultural biodiversity in their home gardens. Data on farm families' revealed and stated preferences for agricultural biodiversity in home gardens are collected from 323 farm households in 22 communities across 3 regions of Hungary, with an original farm household survey and an original choice experiment. Data are analysed with theoretical and empirical models from agricultural and environmental economics literature to identify those farm families, communities and regions that attach the highest values to agricultural biodiversity and that are most likely to conserve home gardens with high levels of agricultural biodiversity. The results disclose that the most isolated communities in the country, that are economically and environmentally marginalised, are most likely to sustain and attach the highest values to traditional, agricultural biodiversity rich home garden management practices. Within these communities, farm families that are larger, have elderly decisionmakers, lower income levels and home gardens with unfavourable production conditions tend to conserve higher levels of and attach the highest values to agricultural biodiversity in home gardens. Since where private values of conservation are the highest the cost of conservation would be the least, the results of this thesis may assist the national policy makers in designing efficient and cost-effective agri-environmental policies for conservation of Hungary's agricultural biodiversity riches and cultural heritage.
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Shinghal, Nalin. "An application of stated preference methods to the study of intermodal freight transport services in India." Thesis, University of Leeds, 1999. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/11336/.
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The Indian Railways (IR) have, over the past four decades, been steadily losing market share, in both passenger and freight markets. In the case of freight, they have gone from being the dominant mode to being carriers of bulk traffic only. Most of the general goods, high value, traffic has shifted to road. In line with the pattern of economic growth, the manufactured goods sector is the fastest growing sector of the economy. This leads on one hand, to exclusion of JR from an important, and growing, sector of the economy and on the other hand to heavy strains on the already saturated road network, higher environmental dis-benefits and higher costs of petroleum imports. The Container Corporation of India (CONCOR), a subsidiary of IR, is now attempting to enter the domestic freight market, to recapture some of this freight traffic. The present work has been taken up, with the final objective of developing a methodology, for identifying sectors where viable intermodal services can be offered, in comparison to road, as well as rail, services and to determine the price and service levels required for the same. In the absence of any revealed preference (RP) data, as well as any previous work on valuation of attributes for the different sectors, we have used an Adaptive Stated Preference (SP) design for our work. The Leeds Adaptive Stated Preference (LASP) software has been modified and used for the work. Various alternatives have also been examined, with regard to the approach to be used for analysis of the survey data and we have finally decided to use individual level models aggregated using weighted averages as these appear to provide the most robust estimates. We have developed models for costing of, door to door, freight movement by road, rail and intermodal services. These models have been used in conjunction with the demand model to assess the viability of the different services for the sectors considered. Our findings indicate that, using fully allocated door to door costs, rail is a clear leader for distances over about 500 Km, on cost basis alone. However, when the service quality factors are taken into account, intermodal services become more attractive for the high value, damage prone, products while road services are more attractive for the lower value products. Rail services break even under 1500 Km only in a few of the situations considered by us and Intermodal service break even under 1500 Km for a large number of the situations (in case of use of new high speed wagons this breakeven shifts to between 500 to 1000 Km). Rail services would need to match the quality of road services, or be priced on marginal cost basis, to be competitive, as compared to road services. Intermodal services can be quite profitable, with presently attained transit times using the older (BFK) wagons, if they are offered at least thrice a week. The larger firms also appear to be more likely to go for intermodal services, than smaller firms. In case of the newer, high speed wagons, the increased capital costs are offset by the gains due to faster turn-around and there is a substantial improvement in the quality of service (time & reliability) that can be provided. This provides an opportunity for a highly profitable service to be provided with the induction of the new wagons.
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McCabe, Christopher J. "Estimating preference weights for paediatric health state classification (HUI2) and a comparison of methods." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.398652.
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Chauke, Risenga Simon Mphuzi. "Using stated preference methods to investigate the effectiveness of alternative transport policies at the University of Cape Town." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/9761.
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In this study Stated Preference (SP) methods are used to investigate alternative transport policies at the University of Cape Town. The main purpose of the study is to investigate how commuters respond to increases in the cost of parking on campus. A sample of academic staff, support/admin staff and students was used in this study. A mixed sample of 50 respondents participated in the study. These people used private cars to campus but had occasionally commuted to campus by public transport.
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Kanya, Gladys Lucy Wanjiru. "Investigating the criterion validity of contingent valuation-willingness to pay methods." Thesis, Brunel University, 2018. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/17210.
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With theoretical foundations in welfare theory, the cost benefit analysis (CBA) technique is a powerful tool for assessing benefits particularly where markets do not exist or would fail (for example due to the existence of public goods) or have become potentially politically excluded (such as the health sector). Unlike other economic evaluation techniques, costs and benefits are measured in monetary terms allowing for comparisons within and between different sectors of the economy for resource allocation decisions. Using contingent valuation (CV) techniques, people's preferences for goods are determined by finding out what they would be willing to pay (WTP) for specified benefits or improvements; or accept (WTA), as compensation for withdrawal or loss of benefit. While the use of WTP methods has grown in other sectors, the uptake in health has been limited. A long-standing criticism is that stated WTP estimates may be poor indicators of actual WTP, calling into question their validity and the use of such estimates for welfare valuation. The aim of this thesis is to investigate the criterion validity of CV-WTP studies. A four-pronged approach including critical appraisals of the available literature and evidence on criterion validity and empirical analyses was adopted. The thesis established the scarcity in criterion validity assessments, particularly in the health sector and that evidence on the criterion validity of CV-WTP is more varied than authors are presenting. The variety in the methods used to assess and report criterion validity assessments is demonstrated. Further, the impact of the analysis of hypothetical WTP on criterion validity assessments and conclusions thereof is demonstrated. The empirical analyses further demonstrate the differences in predictions and predictors of WTP analyses, discussing the effect of these on criterion validity assessments and conclusions. Finally, the thesis offers suggestions for the reporting of criterion validity assessments, in efforts to improve the method.
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Boeri, Marco. "Advances in stated preference methods : discrete and continuous mixing distributions in logit models for representing variance and taste heterogeneity." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.554305.
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This thesis is a collection of four papers; one centred on a policy application of Contingent Valuation (CV) and three essays focused on econometric advances in Discrete Choice Experiments (DCE). The former paper represents the first attempt to appraise odour externalities in an urban context employing DBCV. The survey was administered to a sample of 1000 households in Le Havre (France). Results reveal a positive WTP for eliminating odour externalities which vary across areas, respondent characteristics and perceptions. The potential of latent class analysis in DCE is explored in the latter three papers. The PhD has been mainly focused on developing new tools for accommodating heterogeneity in tastes, variances and heuristics employing latent class (LC) analysis. As a result I formalised a type of LC models that can accommodate for heteroscedasticity and/or heterogeneity (depending on assumptions and parameterisation) within class as well as different heuristics across classes. More specifically the second paper introduces class heterogeneity within a LC model, which is obtained by specifying a discrete mixture of sets of continuous distributions. The model is applied to both simulated and real data in order to demonstrate its flexibility and the advantages for policy appraisal. The third paper introduces and formalises the idea of a heteroscedastic LC model using data from two recreational site choice studies (one elicited through stated preference methods and one through revealed preference methods) to compare various model specifications. In the fourth and final paper, the well known problem of preference and variance instability due to learning and fatigue in DCE is tackled by applying a scale-adjusted latent class model to uncover both types of instability simultaneously and probabilistically across the sample. Findings highlight the advantages in terms of model fit, interpretation and policy implications, that can be achieved when both types of instability are addressed concurrently.
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Karimi, Milad. "A mixed methods investigation of methods of valuing health : are preferences over health states matters of taste, complete, and informed?" Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2015. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/12247/.
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Health state values are elicited using choice-based methods that are based on several assumptions. Three assumptions were investigated in this thesis, namely that preferences are: matters of taste, complete and articulate, and informed. Violations of these assumptions threaten the validity of choice-based methods. The aim of this thesis is to investigate the appropriateness of these three assumptions. A sequential mixed methods design with three studies was used. Qualitative interviews with a think-aloud protocol were used to investigate whether preferences are matters of taste. A mixed methods study was conducted to test completeness by investigating the effect of reflection and deliberation. A quantitative study tested whether preferences are informed. Preferences over health are not matters of taste but depend on beliefs about how ill health affects an individual on domains such as happiness, independence, and personal relationships. Preferences were not shown to be incomplete because reflection and deliberation did not change mean health state values. Although individuals are uncertain about their values, reflection and deliberation does not seem to systematically alter their preferences. Preferences may not be informed because participants’ beliefs about the consequences of ill health do not conform to the experiences of patient. The thesis contributes to knowledge of the role of beliefs in health state valuation, the effect of deliberation and reflection, and whether preferences are informed. Methodological contributions include developing a method of determining whether preferences are informed and the application of mixed methods. A key finding is that preferences over health states are not entirely informed and therefore choice-based methods of valuing health may not be entirely valid. Recommendations for further research include implementing the methods in this thesis in a larger study and testing the effect of providing information about consequences of ill health to individuals valuing health.
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Edwards, Peter E. T. "Measuring the recreational value of changes in coral reef ecosystem quality in Jamaica the application of two stated preference methods /." Access to citation, abstract and download form provided by ProQuest Information and Learning Company; downloadable PDF file, 310 p, 2009. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1818417431&sid=4&Fmt=2&clientId=8331&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Peterson, Lindsay Jo. "Family Communication Concerning End-of-Life Care Preferences." Scholar Commons, 2016. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/6566.
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Communication concerning the care one wishes to receive at the end of life (EOL) is central to ensuring that wishes are honored. Many studies have examined doctor-patient or doctor-family EOL communication. However, relatively few studies have focused on the occurrence of EOL care discussions among family members. This is an important topic, as research suggests that advance directives (ADs) are ineffective if patients have not involved surrogate decision-makers, most of whom are family members. This study examined EOL care discussions among family members. It used quantitative and qualitative data from a diverse sample of older adults from West Central Florida collected for the purpose of this examination. The quantitative and qualitative data were analyzed separately and together.
This study employed the Transtheoretical Model, which proposes that individuals are in varying behavioral “stages of change” and that bringing about a behavioral change requires understanding their particular stage and adapting interventions appropriately. Statistical analysis of the quantitative data (N=364) using multinomial logistic regression showed that participants were in distinct stages that were associated with several factors, including family involvement with health care decision-making and communications with doctors. Racial and ethnic differences were not found in controlled analysis, though Hispanics were less likely to be in more advanced EOL care discussion stages in unadjusted analyses.
Several themes were found in qualitative analysis of focus groups (n=36) drawn from the larger sample. Findings suggested that those who engaged in family EOL care discussions were more careful planners overall, more accepting of death, and able to manage complex family dynamics. They also had greater knowledge of EOL matters, largely related to knowledge of loved ones EOL wishes.
The quantitative-qualitative (mixed-methods) study reinforced the role of family relationships in general in whether EOL care discussions occurred. It also highlighted the role of being proactive and having EOL care knowledge. All three studies – the quantitative, qualitative, and mixed methods showed the potential for doctors and other health professionals to help families with EOL care discussions and ACP overall.
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Bakhtiari, Fatemeh. "Revealing components of the economic value for environmental goods and services from forest : an application of stated preference methods for forest valuation and conservation." Thesis, Bangor University, 2014. https://research.bangor.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/revealing-components-of-the-economic-value-for-environmental-goods-and-services-from-forest--an-application-of-stated-preference-methods-for-forest-valuation-and-conservation(362a2aff-fa8f-466d-a05e-0d1368b24c20).html.
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The overall purpose and contribution of this thesis is increasing the understanding of components of the value of environmental goods. It investigates how the public perceive environmental goods (lay people's perception) and the elements of it that they value. Providing such knowledge contributes to improving valuation methods e.g. the use of the Choice Experiment (CE) for valuing forest biodiversity conservation. Increasing knowledge oflay people's perception and mental constructs of environmental goods can help researchers to know how they can present environmental goods in CEs which align with respondents' perceptions and to further understand the appropriate way of measuring these values. To fulfill the aim of the thesis, the broadleaved forests in southem Scandinavia were chosen as a case study area where both qualitative and quantitative methods were applied to increase understanding of lay people's perception of forest environmental goods and services and to use this for improving stated preference valuation methods. The thesis includes two parts. The first is an introduction to the overall framework of the thesis, an overview of the objectives and an explanation of the main theories behind the CE method. The second part includes four papers. The first two papers mostly focus on improving methodological aspects of CEs, while the next two papers use the result of a CE to generate a better and more comprehensive information base for policy formulation and decision making procedures. The first paper provides input for the three other papers which investigate lay people's perceptions and mental constructs of concepts of nature, forest envirOlID1ental goods and services. The results contribute to the research field by illustrating that 'diversity of animals and plants', 'natural appearance and dynamics of ecosystem', and 'peace and quiet' are the most preferred attributes of forest ecosystems which were most frequently mentioned by lay people compared with other attributes of forest ecosystems. In addition, it was found that regardless of familiarity with the various ecological scientific telminologies, lay people had an intuitive understanding of ecological concepts such as biodiversity. The analyses demonstrate that respondents' perceptions and values of biodiversity could be framed in two categories: as a good in itself, and for its regulatory function. It was also revealed that attitudes to forest and its biodiversity may be rooted in respondents' mental constructs. This can be useful in targeting policies conceming conservation management. The second paper applies these insights from the qualitative investigation of nature perception to estimate WTP for forest biodiversity conservation.
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Bullock, Steven David. "Integrating Quantitative and Qualitative Research Methods to Inform Management of the Cadillac Mountain Summit, Acadia National Park." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/34144.
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Included in this thesis are two papers describing companion studies which employed complementary methodologies to study the issue of how Acadia National Park might balance resource protection efforts and maintain quality visitor experiences on the summit of Cadillac Mountain. In the first study, stated choice analysis was used to assess visitors' preferences for alternative combinations of public access, resource protection, visitor regulation, and site hardening to manage the Cadillac Mountain summit. Results suggest that visitors consider resource protection to be a priority and are willing to accept regulation of their behavior onsite, reinforced with the use of moderately to highly intensive management structures, but generally don't support limiting public access to the summit to achieve resource protection objectives. In the second study, qualitative interviews were conducted to provide an in-depth understanding of visitor experiences on the summit of Cadillac Mountain and how site management actions designed to achieve resource protection objectives might affect visitors' experiences. Respondents indicated that the summit of Cadillac Mountain is a centerpiece of Acadia National Park, and their experiences of the mountain summit are centered around the aesthetics and naturalness of Cadillac Mountain. Several factors emerged as influencing whether site management actions are deemed appropriate by visitors and perceived to affect visitors' experiences. In particular, site management structures that were perceived to blend in with the surroundings, be constructed of natural materials and protect vegetation were considered appropriate and of little consequence to visitors' experiences. Some study participants also suggested that site management structures that provide visitors with the opportunity to freely demonstrate their choice to help protect vegetation and soils can enhance visitors' experiences. In contrast, site management structures and actions perceived as being regulatory, confining, or limiting opportunities for visitors to choose to help protect vegetation resources were considered less appropriate and more likely to negatively affect visitors' experiences.Master of Science
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Santos, Vinicius Cassar Kfuri. "Uma análise empírica sobre as preferências do consumidor brasileiro de cervejas artesanais." reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/12050.
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One of the most popular products of the world is going through severe transformations and, as a consequence, the beer style we know as Pilsner (Light Lager) is no longer the only available option in the market. Given that this sector has a strong growth potential in Brazil, the main objective of this dissertation is to reveal the craft beer consumers preferences using stated preference methods through questionnaires that invite the subject to choose among options related to Color, Palate, Aroma and Alcohol. After stratifying the sample by Age and Experience, the results show that Palate, followed by Color and then Aroma are the most relevant attributes for the Experienced subject while the Non-Experienced value Color as the most relevant attribute, followed by Palate, with Aroma being an irrelevant attribute in his choices. The atribute Alcohol revealed itself insignificant in all stratifications.
Um dos produtos mais consumidos do mundo vem passando por grandes transformações, e a cerveja que conhecemos como tipo Pilsen (Light Lager) deixou de ser opção única nas prateleiras. Dado o potencial de crescimento do setor no Brasil, o objetivo deste trabalho é mapear as preferências do consumidor de cerveja artesanal, usando técnicas de preferência declarada, a partir da aplicação de questionários que convidam o entrevistado a elencar suas preferências diante das combinações dos atributos Cor, Paladar, Aroma e Álcool. A partir da estratificação da amostra em Idade e Experiência, os resultados indicam que Paladar, seguido da Cor e, por último, o Aroma são os atributos mais relevantes para o entrevistado Experiente, enquanto o Não Experiente atribui maior peso à Cor, seguida do Paladar, sendo o Aroma um atributo irrelevante em suas escolhas. O atributo Álcool revelou-se insignificante em todas as estratificações realizadas.
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Burns, Kimberly Jo. "The effect of two methods of music instruction on factors in the listening experience and musical preference of fourth- and fifth-grade students." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/187228.
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The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of two methods of music instruction on two factors in the musical listening experience, identified as music description and music identification, and musical preference of fourth- and fifth-grade students. The listening experiences consisted of one which utilized descriptive writing in the music lesson and one which utilized participatory listening activities such as maps for guided listening, worksheets, and call charts. Also examined were the interactions of gender, grade level, and degree of writing presence in the regular classroom. Seven-hundred and eleven students from thirty-six intact classes in six elementary schools of three school districts were chosen for the study. The intact classes were randomly assigned to one of the two methods of instruction for a seven week experiment. The study utilized a pretest/posttest two group experimental design to answer 10 research questions. Repeated measures MANOVAS, t-test of independent samples, and two-variable correlation tests were conducted to measure mean differences, interactions, and possible relationships in the data. Results of the study indicated significant differences between method of instruction and the variables of music description and music identification. Method of instruction did not influence musical preference. Also significantly different were students' scores for music description, music identification, and musical preference between the participating 23 classroom teachers. Method of instruction, grade level, degree of writing presence, and gender did not significantly interact collectively with music description, identification, or musical preference although some areas interacted with these variables individually. Significant interactions were found between music teacher and method with regard to students' scores on tests of music description, music identification, and musical preference. Two correlational tests resulted in values that indicated no relationship between the variables of musical preference and description and musical preference and identification. However, the non-relationship of music description and musical preference was non-significant while music identification and musical preference were significantly non-related.
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Kao, Ling-Jing. "Data augmentation for latent variables in marketing." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1155653751.
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Diafas, Iason [Verfasser], Jan [Akademischer Betreuer] Barkmann, Achim [Akademischer Betreuer] Spiller, and Micha [Akademischer Betreuer] Strack. "Estimating the Economic Value of forest ecosystem services using stated preference methods: the case of Kakamega forest, Kenya / Iason Diafas. Betreuer: Jan Barkmann. Gutachter: Achim Spiller ; Micha Strack." Göttingen : Niedersächsische Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Göttingen, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1083255533/34.
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Pons, Damien. "Mise en place d’enquêtes par préférences déclarées dans le cadre de projets d’étude relatifs au secteur des transports de personnes." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LYO20142.
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Les enquêtes préférences déclarées (EPD) reposent sur des mises en situation hypothétiques. Face à une situation de choix construite de toute pièce par l’analyste, chaque répondant doit déclarer le choix qu’il ferait s’il y était confronté en réalité. Chaque situation se présente comme la combinaison de plusieurs paramètres. Face à chacune des diverses situations qui lui sont présentées successivement, l’enquêté va devoir faire le choix de celles lui convenant le mieux. Au fil du questionnaire, ses réponses révèleront l’importance qu’il donne à chaque paramètre et contribueront à une meilleure appréhension de ses préférences et de ses choix. Ce travail s’articule autour de trois études de cas mises en œuvre dans le cadre d’études menées par des opérateurs de transport (SNCF – thème : réforme de tarification sociale), des gestionnaires d’infrastructure (RFF – thème : effets du cadencement sur l’attractivité du train) ou des organismes de recherche (LET et PREDIT – thème : impact de politiques de rationnement du carburant sur la mobilité automobile). L’objet de ces études nécessitait la mise en œuvre d’enquêtes préférences déclarées. La conception, la mise en œuvre et l’analyse des EPD ont été réalisées dans le cadre de cette thèse avec un soucis permanent de contrôle de chacun des paramètres en vue de garantir la qualité des résultats obtenus.Selon les objectifs de l’étude, des traitements économétriques divers ont été utilisés pour analyser les données récoltées.Finalement, chacune de ces mises en place a contribué à renforcer notre conviction que les EPD constituent un outil complet. Ce travail contribue finalement, à son échelle, à crédibiliser un peu plus les méthodes de préférences déclarées et invite à repositionner cet outil d’analyse comme pivot de toute réflexion complexe dont le protocole est à réinventer lors de chaque construction, plutôt que tel qu’un procédé connu, livré clé en main, dont l’application suit une logique mécaniqueStated preference surveys are based on choice sets composed by the analyst and proposed to some respondents. Each situation of the choice set is the combination of pre-determined attributes. While declaring the choice they would make if they were confronted to the same situation in reality, respondents reveal their preferences and their perceptions of the attributes.This Phd work presents the results of three stated preference surveys applied in the camp of public transportation. All surveys form a part of more general research programs handled for the sake: of the French railway operator, known as the SNCF (2006/2007) ; of the French railway network administrator, called RFF (2008) ; and of the French research, experimentation and innovation program in land transport, named PREDIT (2010). The use of stated preference methodology was required in order to deal efficiently with the issues of each of those research programs (respectively treating of social pricing ; train supply policy ; fuel rationing policies). The conception, the implementation and the analysis of the surveys have all been carried out during this Phd work in order to warranty control of each parameter and thus high quality results.In accordance with program research objectives, different econometrics treatments have been implemented.This Phd work shows how stated preference surveys may deal with different complex issues and therefore promote the use of this method. Each of these studies have finally strengthened the conviction that stated preferences constitute an efficient and complete tool
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Yang, Sheng-Wang, and 楊盛旺. "Applying the stated preference method to study the demand behavior of helicopter potential users." Thesis, 1996. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/81911935276193821277.
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碩士國立中央大學
土木工程學系
84
This study is undertaken to explore the mode-choice decision process, demand behavior and preference of helicopter potential users. In other words, this research begins from the factors that users emphasize when choosing mode and uses these factors to construct discrete mode-choice models which have the ability of policy application and behavior explanation. This research uses the stated preference method. A two-stage approach is used to collect the required data in order to follow the principles of experimental design of stated preference method. In the first stage, we choose the relevant mode-choice attributes and set up the ranges of these related attributes values.In the second stage, random normal distribution design is used to construct the mode-choice stated preference questionnaire along with data collection, model calibration, comparison and analysis. Finally, helicopter market share forecast and sensitivity analysis are provided. The empirical results show that safety and travel(flight)time are the significant factors to affect the mode-choice behavior of users in airport transfer trips and in leisure trips, safety and travel cost are the significant factors to affect users'' mode-choice behavior. In addition, the forecasted market share of helicopter is over 10% in airport transfer trips and in leisure trips, the forecasted helicopter market share in longer leisure trip is about 13% which is higher than that in shorter leisure trip. It appears that helicopter has more competitive advantages in longer leisure trip. Finally, from the results of sensitivity analysis, if the objective is to increase the helicopter market share, this study shows that it has following strategies: (1)increasing users'' satisfaction with safety of helicopter.(2)proper consideration of helicopter price.
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Chang, Hao-Chunag, and 張顥鐘. "Using The Stated Preference Method to StudyThe Effects of The Destination Attributes on The Intercity Travellers’ Mode Choice BehaviorUsing The Stated Preference Method to Study The Effects of The Destination Attributes on The Intercity Travellers' Mod." Thesis, 2002. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/q58hxv.
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碩士國立成功大學
都市計劃學系碩博士班
90
The variables commonly used in the conventional diversion curves, direct demand modes, and disaggregate logit models for predicting mode choice include travel time, travel cost as well as the socioeconomic variables of the trip makers and so on. However, these models never or seldom used the variables of the destination attributes and level-of-service attributes such as convenience, comfortability and safety, etc. Therefore, this paper first classifies the destination attributes into three broad categories ：（1）transit service attributes；（2）the attributes of transfer information ；（3） destination station and surrounding environmental attributes . Furthermore, We attempt to use HII（Hierarchical Information Integration）to solve the problem of the Sated Preference which can’t deal with too many variables and formulate a mode choice, that includes the above mentioned missing variables of destination attributes, and level-of-service attributes such as convenience, comfortability and safety, to analyze the effects of intercity mode choice behavior. The major findings include： （1）There are no significant differences between logit models calibrated from real rating data and the estimated rating from regress models. The result indicates that the four categories ,including intercity service attributes、transit service attributes、the attributes of transfer information, and destination surrounding environmental attributes, are stable for subjects when they make mode choice decision. （2）The variables that affect travellers from Tainan to Taipei are: 1.the relationship with the final destination；2.direction of the destination；3.transfer stop indications；4.the information-getting of the transfer schedule；5.the relationship with the nearby business section. （3）The variables that affect travellers from Tainan to Taichung are: 1.the quality of the drivers ；2.the relationship with the final destination ；3.direction of the destination ；4.the relationship with the nearby business section. （4）The differences in decision-making behavior between Tainan- Taipei and Tainan-Taichung travel1ers are：Tainan- Taipei travellers emphasize the attributes of transfer information, and destination surrounding environmental attributes more than Tainan-Taichung travellers. It implies that long-trip travellers hope to get transit information and reach the next place as soon as possible in order to save unnecessary travel time.
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Tzu-ChiaoHsu and 徐子喬. "Using Stated Preference Methods to Evaluate Road Users’ Perceptions of Shared Space Scenarios." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/82193373904651944060.
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碩士國立成功大學
都市計劃學系
104
The concept of shared space has been gradually becoming a widely accepted urban design principle in Europe. It is an approach intended to reconcile the traffic in public realms and to improve the comfort of pedestrians by reducing the dominance of motor vehicles. With this concept, it would be not uncommon to see different types of road users mixed in traffic, including vulnerable users such as pedestrians and two wheelers. Understanding the perception of users in shared spaces is the key to their successful design. Although this is a new idea promoted in Western societies, it is easy to see such space sharing phenomena in South East Asian cities. The aim of this study is to investigate the perception of users in shared spaces containing pedestrians, cyclists, motorcyclists and motorists. Data were collected by a questionnaire using a photo survey technique in Taiwan, where people have been used to space sharing environments for decades. The factors affecting the road use experience, such as land use, density, road form, pedestrian facilities, pavement, vegetation, lighting level and traffic management tools, were embedded in the photo survey for the purpose of testing the most preferred shared space road user scenarios. Also, personal characteristics and mode choice information were asked in the questionnaire. The multinomial logit (MNL) modelling technique and the nested logit (NL) modelling technique were used to describe the respondents’ preferences to the scenarios and to quantify the effects of the design-specific factors related to shared spaces. The results showed that regardless of the kind of road user perceptions, road users are sensitive to vehicular traffic density factors. For pedestrians, high pedestrian density, presence of vendors, arcades, narrow road, brick paving, parking in middle of the road, traffic management tools and vegetation along the road were found to make pedestrians comfortable with walking through such areas. For drivers, high pedestrian density and vehicular traffic density, presence of vendors, narrow road width, brick paving, parking in middle of the road, vegetation along the road and presence of traffic management tools were found to enhance driver alertness. However, a lack of demarcations and traffic management tools were found to enhance pedestrian comfort and driver alertness. The results also revealed an interesting finding suggesting that the presence of safe zones (i.e. pedestrian facilities such as arcades) will reduce driver alertness and that high vehicular traffic density will increase driver alertness. These insights are useful with regard to shared space design principles as well as to the implementation of shared space schemes in Western societies.
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Wen-Jyh, Su, and 蘇文治. "A Study on Related Issues of Stated Preference Methods used in Travel Mode Choice." Thesis, 1993. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/67569795643674205638.
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Diafas, Iason. "Estimating the Economic Value of forest ecosystem services using stated preference methods: the case of Kakamega forest, Kenya." Doctoral thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-1735-0000-0028-86CA-5.
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Sperry, Benjamin. "Development of Improved Traveler Survey Methods for High-Speed Intercity Passenger Rail Planning." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2012-05-10889.
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High-speed passenger rail is seen by many in the U.S. transportation policy and planning communities as an ideal solution for fast, safe, and resource-efficient mobility in high-demand intercity corridors. To expand the body of knowledge for high-speed intercity passenger rail in the U.S., the overall goal of this dissertation was to better understand the demand for high-speed intercity passenger rail services in small- or medium-sized intermediate communities and improve planners' ability to estimate such demand through traveler surveys; specifically, the use of different experimental designs for stated preference questions and the use of images to describe hypothetical travel alternatives in traveler surveys. In pursuit of this goal, an Internet-based survey was distributed to residents of Waco and Temple, two communities located along the federally-designated South Central High-Speed Rail Corridor in Central Texas.
A total of 1,160 surveys were obtained from residents of the two communities. Mixed logit travel mode choice models developed from the survey data revealed valuable findings that can inform demand estimates and the design of traveler surveys for high-speed intercity passenger rail planning activities. Based on the analysis presented in this dissertation, ridership estimates for new high-speed intercity passenger rail lines that are planned to serve intermediate communities should not assume that residents of these communities have similar characteristics and values. The d-efficient stated preference experimental design was found to provide a mode choice model with a better fit and greater significance on key policy variables than the adaptive design and therefore is recommended for use in future surveys. Finally, it is recommended that surveys should consider the use of images of proposed train services to aid respondent decision-making for stated preference questions, but only if the images used in the survey depict equipment that could be realistically deployed in the corridor.
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Cerda, Claudia. "Valuing Biological diversity in Navarino island, Cape Horn Archipelago, Chile - a choice experiment approach." Doctoral thesis, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-1735-0000-0006-AEBD-D.
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Myatt, Emily Laura. "Effect of Learning Preference on Performance in an Online Learning Environment among Nutrition Professionals." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1805/5516.
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Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI)Background: Online courses in healthcare programs like Dietetics have increased in availability and popularity. Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the connections between online learning environments and Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) dimensions among Nutrition Professionals. This research will add to the knowledge base of educators responsible for the design and development of online nutrition courses and will enhance Nutrition Professionals’ academic and professional outcomes. Design: Semi-experimental study design. Subjects/Setting: Thirty-one Nutrition Professionals with mean age of 29 years old. All elements of the study were done online. Statistical Analysis: MBTI dimension summaries were done for descriptive statistics. Fisher’s Exact Test was used to compare frequency of MBTI dimensions in the learning modules (LM) and to analyze learning modality preference based on MBTI dimensions. Two-Sample T-Tests compared test scores for LM groups and test scores for extraverts and introverts. Paired T-Test assessed improvement in test scores related to LM preference. Chi-Square Test compared preferences for the second learning module for both LM groups. Results: The majority of participants’ MBTIs were ESFJ at 35% or ISFJ at 19%. There were more extraverts (71%) compared to introverts (29%). Both LM groups had similar MBTI dimensions. Extraverts and introverts had similar improvements in scores and LM preferences. LM groups performed similarly and in general participants preferred the second learning module they were assigned. Preference for the second LM could be because participants enjoyed the first LM and wanted to learn more information. Both LM groups significantly improved their scores (P=<.0001) in their first and second learning modules regardless of learning module design. Participants were highly motivated to learn as evidenced by their enrollment in this study and completion of 10 hours of learning modules. Motivation to learn may have been the strongest reason performance significantly improved. Conclusion: LM groups significantly improved their LM scores and learned similar amounts. MBTI dimensions extravert and introvert and preferred learning modality had limited impact on performance for this sample of Nutrition Professionals. These results indicate that motivation may be the key to increasing performance in online nutrition courses.
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Moyana, Hlengani Jackson. "A hybrid framework for assessing the cost of road traffic crashes in South Africa." Thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/25934.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract in English, Tsonga and ZuluMitlumbo ya mifambafambo ya le magondzweni i xin’wana xa miringeto (risks) yo biha ku tlula hinkwayo ya swifambo swa le gondzweni emisaveni hinkwayo, leswi yimelaka xiphiqo lexikulu xa swohanyaswin’we-ikhonomi ngopfu-ngopfu eka matiko lama ya ha hluvukaka tanihi Afrika-Dzonga. Ku va ku nyikiwa masungulo yo tiya ya xiikhonomi eka swiboho swa mbekiso ku tirhana na ntlhontlho lowu, i swa nkoka swinene ku hlela ndhurho wa mitlumbo leyi. Mipimanyeto leyi yi tirha tanihi nxopaxopo wa swinghenisiwa swa mbuyelo wa ndhurheriwo ku endlela ku kuma mphakelo wa switirhisiwa wo tirha kahle eka ku nghenelela eka ku tirhana na mitlhontlho leyi vangiwaka hi mitlumbano ya le magondzweni. Tiko ra Afrika-Dzonga a ri nga ri ku pfuxeteni ka mahungu ya mipimanyeto ya midurho ya mitlumbano ya le magondzweni nkarhi na nkarhi, naswona leyi a yi endliwa a yi tirhisa maendlelo lamo soriwa ngopfu yo languta nkoka wa vanhu (human capital). Hikwalaho, mipimanyeto leyi nga kona a yi nga ta va leyi tshembekaka eka ku kunguhata na ku pimaniseka na mipimanyeto ya matiko man’wana. Hi le ka ku landzelela vundzhaku lebyi laha dyondzo leyi yi nga tumbuluka na ku kombisa matirhiselo ya rimba ra ntirho wo katsa (hybrid) ku kambela ndhurho wa mitlumbo ya swifambo swa le magondzweni eAfrika-Dzonga. Rimba leri ri tirhisa endlelo ro kongomisa eka nkoka wa vanhu na ku pfumela ku hakela (willingness-to-pay), eka dyondzo yi ri yin’we. Mipimanyeto ya midurho ya nkoka wa vanhu ya laveka ku va yi pfuna eka ku kunguhata leswaku yi tlakusa swinenenene swihumesiwa swa rixaka, loko hala tlhelo mipimanyeto yo pfumela ku hakela yona yi ri yona yi fanelaka swinene eka ku pfuneta minghenelelo yo tlakusa nhlayiseko wa vanhu hi ku hunguta ku vaviseka na ku fa. Endlelo ro pfumela ku hakela ri tirhisa maendlelo ya swo ka swi nga ri swa makete (contingent valuation) na ya maendlelo yo langa (preference). Khwexinere yo valanga leyi a yi ri na maendlelo yo ka ya nga ri ya swa makete na swilangiwa leswi a swi boxiwile, yi tirhisiwile hi magoza mambirhi ku sampula vaanguri va 273 eka ntirho wa swo tleketla. Eka mhaka ya endlelo ro kongomisa eka nkoka wa vanhu, mipimanyeto ya ndhurho eka xiviko xa 2016 xa Cost of Crashes in South Africa yi hundzuluxiwile hi ku katsa inifulexini, ku tirhisiwa mpimo wa 2017 wa 5.3% ku kuma mipimanyeto ya ndhurho ya 2017. Dyondzo leyi yi paluxile leswaku endlelo ro kongomisa eka nkoka wa vanhu ri kayiveta ku vona ndhurho wa mitlumbo ya le magondzweni. Dyondzo leyi yi hoxa xandla eka ntsengo wa vutivi hi ku tirhisa endlelo ro languta nkoka wa vanhu na endlelo ro pfumela ku hakela eka dyondzo yi ri yin’we ku kombisa ntirhiseko wa endlelo leri ra nkatso (hybrid)/nhlanganiso eka xiyimo xa Afrika-Dzonga. Ndzavisiso wa nkarhi lowu taka wu fanele ku engeta dyondzo leyi hi sampulu leyi humaka eka swifundzakulu hinkwaswo swa nkaye swa Afrika-Dzonga, leswaku mipimanyeto ya ndhurho yi yimela vanhu va tiko hinkwaro.
Road traffic crashes are one of the worst risks of road mobility worldwide, representing a huge socio-economic problem particularly in developing countries such as South Africa. In order to provide a sound economic basis for investment decisions to address this challenge, it is critical to assess the cost of these crashes. These estimates serve cost-benefit analysis inputs to facilitate a more efficient resources allocation for interventions to address the challenge posed by road crashes. South Africa has not been updating crash cost estimates on a regular basis, and those that were conducted used the much criticised human capital approach. Therefore, the available estimates could not be relied upon for planning purposes and comparison with the estimates of other countries. It is against this background that this study developed and illustrated the application of a hybrid framework for assessing the cost of road traffic crashes in South Africa. The framework uses the human capital approach and the willingness-to-pay approach in one study. Human capital approach cost estimates are needed to inform planning to maximize the national output, while the willingness-to-pay estimates are more suitable when the main concern is to inform interventions to increase social welfare by reducing injuries and fatalities. The willingness-to-pay approach uses the contingent valuation and the stated preference methods. A survey questionnaire with contingent valuation and stated preference questions was administered in two phases to a sample of 273 respondents within the transport industry. For the human capital approach, the cost estimates in the 2016 Cost of Crashes in South Africa report were adjusted for inflation using the 2017 rate of 5.3% to obtain 2017 cost estimates. This study revealed that the human capital approach underestimates the cost of road crashes. The study contributes to the body of knowledge by using the human capital approach and the willingness-to-pay approach in one study to illustrate the applicability of this hybrid/ combination within the South African context. Future research needs to replicate this study on a sample drawn from all nine provinces of South Africa, so that the cost estimates are representative of the country’s population.
Ukuphazamiseka komgwaqo kungenye yezingozi ezimbi kakhulu zokuhamba komgwaqo emhlabeni jikelele, ezimele inkinga enkulu yenhlalo nezomnotho ikakhulukazi emazweni asathuthuka njengeNingizimu Afrika. Ukuze unikeze isisekelo sezomnotho esizwakalayo ezinqumeni zokutshala izimali ukubhekana nale nselele, kubalulekile ukuhlola izindleko zalezi zingozi. Lezi zilinganiso zisebenza njengeziphakamiso zokuhlaziywa kwezindleko zokuhlomula ukuze kube lula ukunikezwa kwezinsiza ezenzelwe ukuxazulula inselele ebangelwa ukuphazamiseka komgwaqo. INingizimu Afrika ayizange ibuyekeze ukulinganisa izindleko zezingozi njalo, futhi lezo ezenziwa zisebenzise indlela enkulu yokugxeka ukusebenzisa abantu. Ngakho-ke, izilinganiso ezitholakalayo azikwazanga ukuthenjelwa kuzona ngezinjongo zokuhlela nokuqhathaniswa nezilinganiso zamanye amazwe. Lokhu kuphikisana nalesi sigaba ukuthi lolu cwaningo lusungulwe futhi luboniswe ukusetshenziswa kohlaka oluxubile lokuhlola izindleko zokuphazamiseka komgwaqo eNingizimu Afrika. Uhlaka lusebenzisa indlela yokusebenzisa abantu kanye nendlela yokuzimisela-ukukhokha ocwaningweni olulodwa. Ukulinganiselwa kwezindleko zokusebenzisa abantu kuyadingeka ukuze kwaziswe ukuhlela ukwandisa umkhiqizo kazwelonke, kanti ukulinganiselwa kokuzimisela-ukukhokhela kukulungele kakhulu ukwazisa ukungenelela ukwandisa inhlalakahle yomphakathi ngokunciphisa ukulimala nokubulawa kwabantu. Indlela yokuzimisela-ukukhokha isebenzisa ukuhlaziywa kwesilinganiso kanye nezindlela okukhethwa ngazo. Imibuzo yokuhlola ngokuhlaziywa kwesilinganiso kanye nemibuzo ekhethwe ngayo yenziwa ngezigaba ezimbili embonakalisweni yabaphendulile abangama-273 embonini yezokuthutha. Ngokwendlela yokusebenzisa abantu, izindleko ezilinganiselwa ku-2016 Izindleko Zokushayisana eNingizimu Afrika kubikwa ukuthi zalungiselwa ukwenyuka kwamandla emali, kusetshenziswa isilinganiso sango-2017 esingu-5.3% ukuthola izindleko zango-2017. Lolu cwaningo luveze ukuthi indlela yokusebenzisa abantu ithatha kancane izindleko zokuphazamiseka komgwaqo. Ucwaningo lunomthelela emzimbeni wolwazi ngokusebenzisa indlela yokusebenzisa abantu kanye nendlela yokuzimisela-ukukhokha ocwaningweni olulodwa ukukhombisa ukufaneleka kwalesi sivumelwano / inhlanganisela ngaphakathi komongo waseNingizimu Afrika. Ucwaningo lwesikhathi esizayo ludinga ukuphindaphinda lolu cwaningo embonakalisweni othathwe kuzo zonke izifundazwe eziyisishiyagalolunye zaseNingizimu Afrika, ukuze ukulinganiswa kwezindleko kummele abantu bezwe
Business Management
D. Phil. (Management Studies)