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Academic literature on the topic 'Static exercises'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 4 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Static exercises"

1

AĞGÖN, ESER, ÖZTURK AGIRBAŞ, HAMIT HAKAN ALP, IZZET UÇAN, RECEP GÜRSOY, and ANTHONY C. HACKNEY. "Effect of dynamic and static strength training on hormonal activity in elite boxers." Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity 12, no. 3 (September 30, 2020): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.29359/bjhpa.12.3.01.

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Background: The aim of this study was to determine hormonal responses to acute and chronic exposure to static and dynamic strength training programs using resistance bands in boxers. Material and methods: 19 male national boxers participated in the study. Boxers were instructed to perform strength exercises with resistance bands for 3 days a week for 8 weeks involving either dynamic (n=10) or static (n=9) resistance exercises. Blood samples were taken before exercise, immediately after the initial exercise session, and 8 weeks later following the last exercise session. Cortisol, growth hormone, adrenocorticotropic hormone adrenaline and noradrenaline levels were measured. Statistical analyses involved non-parametric analysis with an alpha level of .05. Results: Dynamic strength exercises were effective stimuli to growth hormone, adrenaline and noradrenaline, while static strength exercises provoked cortisol, growth hormone, adrenaline and noradrenaline responses both initially after exercise and after 8 weeks of chronic training. Neither dynamic nor static strength exercises were effective in prompting adrenocorticotropic changes after an exercise session or after 8 weeks of training. Conclusions: We showed that dynamic and static strength exercise protocols using resistance bands both could provoke acute and chronic hormonal responses in boxers similar to more traditional modes of such exercise. Abbreviations: ACTH ̶ Adrenocorticotropic Hormone, GH ̶ Growth Hormone, C ̶ Cortisol.

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Agirbas, Ozturk. "Effects of Different Types Strength Exercises with Thera-Band® on Oxidative Stress and DNA Damage." Journal of Education and Training Studies 7, no. 3 (January 17, 2019): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.11114/jets.v7i3.3899.

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The aim of this study is to determine the effects of both static and dynamic strength trainings on oxidative stress and DNA damage in elite boxers. 19 elite male boxers participated in the study. Boxers were instructed to perform strength exercises 3 days a week for 8 weeks. Blood samples were taken before exercises (resting), after the first exercise (acute) and after 8 weeks following the last exercise (chronic). MDA, SOD, GPx and 8-OHdG levels of blood were examined. Statistical analyses were carried out using the SPSS 22 for Windows. The data were found to not be distributed normally. Thus, Friedman, Wilcoxon and Mann-Whitney U tests were used. The results were evaluated using an alpha level of .05. In the dynamic strength exercise group, there was no significance at GPx, however MDA, SOD and 8-OHdG levels decreased in 8 weeks. In static strength exercise group, although there was no significance at SOD, GPx and 8-OHdG, MDA levels decreased both after a single session and in 8 weeks. In addition, significant difference was found between dynamic and static exercise groups at SOD, GPx and 8-OHdG levels in pre-exercise and at 8-OHdG levels after 8 weeks. Dynamic strength exercises with Thera-Band are effective on MDA, SOD and 8-OHdG chronically, static strength exercises are effective on MDA both acutely and chronically. Neither dynamic nor static strength exercises are not effective on GPx both acutely and chronically.

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Akyüz, Murat, Murat Özmaden, Yeliz Doğru, Evren Karademir, Yeşim Aydın, and Ümit Hayta. "Examination of basic motoric characteristics with different stretching exercises in football playersGenç basketbolcularda statik ve dinamik germe egzersizlerinin bazı fiziksel parametrelere etkisi." Journal of Human Sciences 14, no. 2 (April 25, 2017): 1492. http://dx.doi.org/10.14687/jhs.v14i2.4560.

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This study was conducted to examine the effects of static and dynamic stretching exercises on strength, flexibility, speed and balance in young basketball players. 10 volunteers from the 16 year old male basketball team of Pınar Karsiyaka Sports Club participated in the study. The average age of the athletes is 16 ± 0,0 (year) and the average of the height is 188 ± 0,08 (cm). The study consists of three parts. On the first day, dynamic stretching exercises were performed on the second day and static stretching exercises and performance tests were performed on the third day without performing any exercise. Applied performance tests were hand grip strength, back-leg strength, sit-in flexibility test, 20 m. Sprint test and flamingo balance test. The obtained data were analyzed with the variance analysis (ANOVA test) in the repeated measures using the SPSS 23.0 package program. As a result of the study, the flexibility of the static and dynamic stretching exercises in the data obtained, the difference in the left handed claw strength and the speed of the dynamic stretching exercises were significant (p <0.05). On the other hand, no statistically significant difference was found between static and dynamic stretching exercises and back leg strength and balance (p> 0.05). As a result, it can be said that static and dynamic stretching exercises have a positive effect on flexibility, strength and speed. ÖzetBu çalışma genç basketbolcularda statik ve dinamik germe egzersizlerinin kuvvet, esneklik, sürat ve denge üzerindeki etkisini incelemek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Çalışmaya Pınar Karşıyaka Spor Kulübünün 16 yaş erkek basketbol takımından 10 gönüllü katılmıştır. Sporcuların yaş ortalamaları 16±0,0 (yıl), boy ortalamaları 188±0,08 (cm)’dir. Çalışma üç bölümden oluşmaktadır. Birinci gün herhangi bir egzersiz uygulanmadan, ikinci gün dinamik germe egzersizleri ve üçüncü gün statik germe egzersizleri ile performans testleri uygulanmıştır. Uygulanan performans testleri sırasıyla el kavrama kuvveti, sırt-bacak kuvveti, otur-eriş esneklik testi, 20 m. sprint testi ve flamingo denge testinden oluşmaktadır. Elde edilen veriler SPSS 23.0 paket programı kullanılarak tekrarlı ölçümlerde Varyans Analizi (Anova Testi) ile analiz edilmiştir. Çalışma sonucunda elde edilen verilerde statik ve dinamik germe egzersizlerinin esnekliğe, dinamik germe egzersizlerinin sol el pençe kuvveti ve sürat üzerinde anlamlı bir farklılık meydana gelmiştir (p<0.05). Diğer yandan, statik ve dinamik germe egzersizleri ile sırt bacak kuvveti ve denge üzerinde anlamlı bir farklılık bulunamamıştır (p>0.05). Sonuç olarak, statik ve dinamik germe egzersizlerinin esneklik, kuvvet ve sürat üzerinde olumlu etkisi olduğu söylenebilir.

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Aydın, Erbil Murat, Yılmaz Uçan, and Hakan Yarar. "The acute effect of static stretching between sets on the number of repetitions performance in resistance training." Journal of Human Sciences 14, no. 4 (December 1, 2017): 3913. http://dx.doi.org/10.14687/jhs.v14i4.4865.

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Rest interval between sets in resistance exercises is an important variable that influence on the training volume. The purpose of the current study was to determine the effect of static stretching on the number of repetitions for three consecutive sets upper and lower body exercises. Nine trained men (age: 21,78 2,49 years; height: 171,5 4,62 cm; weight: 73,98 6,62 kg; body fat percentage: 11,1 3,95 %) completed three sets push down and leg extension exercises with 10 repetition maximum, %60 of 1 repetition maximum and %85 of 1 repetition maximum load. Participants took part static stretching and non-stretching conditions that was done on counterbalance. The results of this study demonstrated that the number of repetitions significantly decreased after static stretching for both exercises at all intensities. When compared the two conditions, the number of repetitions after static stretching on set 2 and set 3 was significantly lower than the set 1 for push down exercise at all intensities. However, for leg extension exercise at 10 repetition maximum intensity on set 2 was significantly lower than the set 1 and at %85 of 1 repetition maximum intensity on set 2 and set 3 significantly lower than the set 1. There is no significant difference for leg extension exercise between groups at %60 of 1 repetition maximum intensity. In conclusion, this study indicated that static stretching between consecutive sets has negative effect on the number of repetitions for push down and leg extension exercises. Therefore static stretching should be avoided during the rest period between sets when performing the push down and leg extension exercises.

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Yuniar Ramadhani, Dwi, and Putri Arivia. "The Effect of Ankle Strategy Exercises on Static Balance in The Elderly." Journal of Health Sciences 14, no. 1 (February 26, 2021): 32–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.33086/jhs.v14i1.1521.

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Decreased muscle strength is a musculoskeletal disorder in the elderly, resulting in slow movements and impaired physical mobility. Physical changes that occur in the elderly cause the risk of falling. This study analyzes the ankle strategy exercise's effect on static balance in the elderly at Regional Technical Implementation Unit (UPTD) Griya Werdha Surabaya. This study was Pre-Experimental with One Group Pre-Post Test Design. From the population, there were thirty-five respondents by simple random sampling. This study's independent variable was ankle strategy exercises with frequency three times a week within a month. The dependent variable was a static balance with the instrument Time Up Go (TUG) test. The authors analyzed the data with the Wilcoxon test. The study results showed a significant effect of the ankle strategy exercise on static balance in the elderly (p=0,000). The result showed a decrease in the number of elderly who have the high-risk of falling before the ankle strategy exercise (60% of elderly have a high risk of falling) and after the intervention (34% of elderly have a decreased risk of falling). The elderly should do the ankle strategy exercise independently or with assistant three times a week to improve their static balance and decrease their high-risk of falls.

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Fedyakin, Alexander A., Zhanna G. Kortava, Lidia K. Fedyakina, and Natalia Yu Zaplatina. "Effect of different training modes of strength exercises on a student’s body." Physical education of students 24, no. 3 (June 30, 2020): 149–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.15561/20755279.2020.0304.

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Background and Study Aim. Scientific-methodical literature underlined the importance of improving the effectiveness of physical education’s tools and methods during the scheduled university lessons. Scientists point out the necessity to take into account every factor determining the training effect of lessons with strength exercises. The immediate training effect can be determined by measuring the heart rate during different modes of strength exercises and during recovery. The aim of this study is to analyse the strength exercises’ immediate training effect on a student’s body in the static mode and in the isotonic mode. Material and Methods. In the study participated 47 freshman male students of the Sochi State University (Russia). The study took place in September-December 2019. Heart rate was measured with Sport Testers POLAR RS-400 during strength exercises and during recovery. The results were analysed in the computer programme SPSS Statistics v22.0. Statistical significance of the results was defined using non-parametric Wilcoxon test. Heart rate was analysed during four types of plank positions in static and isotonic modes. Results: The study determined the effect of different training modes of strength exercises on a student’s body. The immediate training effect of doing the bodyweight strength exercises in the isotonic mode compared to the static mode is characterised by a higher maximum heart rate at the end of doing the exercise (р<0,05); a higher average heart rate during the exercise and during rest until the next exercise (р<0,05); a higher combined heart rate (р<0,05). Conclusion: The isotonic mode of the bodyweight strength exercises has a more prominent training effect than the static mode due to the specific nature of muscle contractions. Due to analysed heart rate values, the authors recommend taking into account the individual level of every student’s physical fitness.

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Branthwaite, Helen, Gemma Grabtree, Nachiappan Chockalingam, and Andrew Greenhalgh. "The Effect of Toe Flexion Exercises on Grip." Journal of the American Podiatric Medical Association 108, no. 5 (September 1, 2018): 355–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.7547/16-167.

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Background: Weakness of the toe flexor muscles has been attributed to the development of toe pathologies, and it responds well in the clinic to toe grip exercises. However, it is unknown whether exercising the toe flexor muscles improves the ability to grip and alter function. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of toe flexor exercises on apical plantar pressure, as a measure of grip, while seated and during gait. Methods: Twenty-three individuals with no known toe pathologies were recruited. Static peak pressure, time spent at peak pressure, and pressure-time integral while seated, as well as dynamic forefoot maximal force, contact area, and percentage contact time, were recorded before and after exercise. Toe grip exercises with a therapy ball were completed daily for 6 weeks. Results: Static peak pressure significantly increased after exercise on the apex of the second and third digits, as did the pressure-time integral. Dynamic peak force and contact area did not alter after exercise around the metatarsals and toes, yet percentage contact time significantly increased for each metatarsal after completing daily toe grip exercises. Conclusions: Exercises to improve the grip ability of the toes increased the static peak pressure on the apex of the second and third digits as well as the percentage contact time of the metatarsals during gait. The ability to increase apical peak pressure and contact time after exercises could assist in improving forefoot stability and gait efficiency and in reducing toe pathology progression.

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Tereshchenko, I. A., A. P. Otsupok, S. V. Krupenya, T. M. Liauchuk, and V. N. Boloban. "Coordination training of sportsmen, specializing in sport kinds of gymnastic." Physical education of students 19, no. 3 (June 28, 2015): 52–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.15561/20755279.2015.0307.

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Purpose: experimental substantiation of effectiveness of coordination training program, worked out for sportsmen, specializing in sport kinds of gymnastic. Material: In the research first year students (21 persons: 14 girls and 7 boys of age 17-18 years) participated. All they specialized in sport kinds of gymnastic. From them there were 15 masters of sports and 6 candidate masters of sports. Results: students’ sensor motor coordination was confidently increased by means of realization of program of exercises for perfection of static-dynamic and static-kinetic stability. Conclusions: we recommend new direction of specific exercises’ realization; exercise, developing and improving static-dynamic and static-kinetic body balance. Coordination training of sportsmen, specializing in sport gymnastic shall take one of priority places in system of physical education and sport training means.

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Musiyenko, O. V., N. P. Matsola, and L. Mykhats. "Determining the activity of body meridians during static exercise." Health, sport, rehabilitation 5, no. 1 (March 30, 2019): 66. http://dx.doi.org/10.34142/hsr.2019.05.01.07.

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<p>The purpose of the work was to determine the means of acupuncture diagnosis according to the method of J. Nakatani, the effect of performing physical exercises on the body on an example of a static exercise, which is performed similarly to the Padmasana (outside the Lotus of Hatha Yoga). Material and methods. Ten students of DDPU named after them were examined. Ivan Franko 18-20 years old, who possessed the perfect technique of performing the chosen static exercise. To determine the activity of the body's meridians, Ryodoraku's technique for V. Nakatani was used. The electric current was measured in representative biological active points of the twelve main meridians: lung (P), pericardial (MS), heart (C), lymphatic and immune systems (TR), thin (IG) and thick (GI) intestines, spleen and pancreas (R), liver (F), kidney (R), urinary (V) and biliary (VB) bladder and stomach (E) in order to determine the possibility of studying the effects of physical exercises on the body by acupuncture diagnostic methods. Measurement was used to perform the exercise, during and after the exercise in 6 minutes. Results Relevant changes in the electrical activity indices at representative points of the body's meridians during a selected static exercise were revealed. The increase in electrical activity in the body's meridians, which according to the literature, is responsible for the functions of the small and large intestines, the pancreas, the spleen, the liver, the gall bladder, the gonads, the kidneys, the adrenal glands. Also, this exercise causes a decrease in electrical activity at representative points of the respiratory system, the cardiovascular system, the urinary and gall bladder, and the stomach. Conclusion. It is shown that the use of technique method Ryodoraku for B. Nakatani measurement of meridians during static exercise is similar to posture "Padmasana" in the system Hatha_Yoga allows you to observe activation of body meridians, which, according to literature, are responsible for functions of the small and large intestines, pancreas, spleen, liver, gall bladder, gonads, kidneys, adrenal glands. It is possible to propose the use of a method for diagnosing the activity of the meridians to determine the effect of static exercises on the human body, along with other generally accepted scientific methods.</p>

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Santos, Catarina C., Daniel A. Marinho, Luís B. Faíl, Henrique P. Neiva, and Mário J. Costa. "Force Production and Coordination from Older Women in Water Fitness Exercises." Healthcare 9, no. 8 (August 16, 2021): 1054. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare9081054.

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The aim of this study was to compare bilateral propulsive forces and coordination while exercising at static and dynamic conditions in the water. A total of 27 older women (age: 65.1 ± 6.7 years old) performed the following exercises: (i) horizontal upper-limbs adduction (HA; static condition) and (ii) rocking horse (RH; dynamic condition) through an incremental protocol with music cadences from 105 up to 150 b·min−1. The duration of each trial was set at 30 second (sec). Propulsive peak force (in Newton, N) of dominant (PFD) and nondominant (PFND) upper limbs was retrieved using hand sensors coupled to a differential pressure system. Significant differences in force production were found between static and dynamic exercises at higher cadences (120, 135, and 150 b·min−1). The static condition elicited higher bilateral propulsive forces and a more symmetric pattern. The in-water static exercise with bilateral action from the upper limbs proved to be the most appropriate strategy for older women to work strength and to reduce asymmetries.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Static exercises"

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Graham, Daniel Joseph. "The Long Term Effects of Short-Wave Diathermy and Long-Duration Static Stretch on Hamstring Flexibility." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2004. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd624.pdf.

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Parrish, Ginger S. "The Cardiovascular Responses to Static and Dynamic Muscular Contractions in Adults with Cerebral Palsy." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1988. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc331040/.

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In cerebral palsied adults, the cardiovascular responses to different types of exercise have not previously been ascertained. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the blood pressure and heart rate responses of adults with cerebral palsy to static muscular contractions and to dynamic muscular contractions. Fifteen adults with cerebral palsy and 15 able-bodied adults (average age for each group = 30 years) performed a static exercise protocol and a dynamic resistance exercise protocol using each limb (or the limbs capable of meeting the requirements of the exercise protocol). Heart rate and blood pressure were assessed before, during, and after each exercise bout with each limb. During the static exercise protocol, each subject performed static contractions at 40% of maximal voluntary contraction to fatigue. The dynamic exercise protocol for each limb consisted of three 20-second bouts of hydraulic resistance exercise each of which was followed by 20 seconds of rest. No differences were found between the two groups of subjects in heart rate and blood pressure during static exercise. In dynamic exercise, however, the trend in heart rate from bout to bout differed between the groups. In addition, the cerebral palsied group's diastolic pressure was higher than that of the able-bodied group at the end of dynamic exercise. The findings of this study indicate that although the heart rate and blood pressure responses to dynamic resistance exercise in the cerebral palsied subjects differed from the responses of the able-bodied subjects, healthy adults with cerebral palsy may safely perform both static and dynamic resistance exercise. More research using this disabled population is needed so that guidelines for prescribing exercise for adults with cerebral palsy may be developed.

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Kotova, Anžela. "Statinių ir dinaminių pratimų ryšys su 8-9 metų moksleivių sergamumu kvėpavimo sistemos ligomis." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2012. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2012~D_20120621_113045-48816.

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Tyrimo problema. Medikams ir sveikatos specialistams nerimą kelia blogėjanti moksleivių sveikata. Lietuva pagal nepakankamai fiziškai aktyvių moksleivių dalį užima paskutiniąsias vietas. Daugėja moksleivių laiką leidžiančių prie kompiuterio ir televizoriaus ekranų. 2008 metų tyrimo duomenimis 50,4 proc. Lietuvos berniukų ir 64,4 proc. mergaičių yra nepakankamai fiziškai aktyvūs. Privalomojo sveikatos draudimo informacinės sistemos SVEIDRA duomenimis 2009 m. Lietuvoje buvo užregistruota 780 vaikų susirgimų ar traumų iš 1000. Vaikams (0–17 m.) dažniausiai registruojamos kvėpavimo sistemos ligos (567,8 sirgusiųjų 1000 vaikų 2009 m.), t.y. apie 57 proc. visų vaikų bent kartą buvo sirgę ūminėmis viršutinių kvėpavimo takų infekcijomis ir gripu. Kitomis ligomis vaikai sirgo gerokai mažiau. Lyginant 2008 m. ir 2009 m. rodiklius, reikia pabrėžti, kad 9,3 proc. padaugėjo vaikų sergančių ūminių viršutinių kvėpavimo takų infekcijomis ir gripu (Lietuvos sveikatos statistika, 2009 m.). Mokslinėje literatūroje neteko rasti straipsnių, analizuojančių statinių ir dinaminių pratimų poveikį vaikų sergamumui kvėpavimo sistemos ligomis. Darbo tikslas. Nustatyti statinių ir dinaminių pratimų ryšį su 8–9 metų moksleivių sergamumu kvėpavimo sistemos ligomis. Hipotezė. Statiniai ir dinaminiai pratimai turėtų sumažinti vaikų sergamumą kvėpavimo sistemos ligomis. Tyrimo metodai ir organizavimas. Tyrimas buvo atliekamas Panevėžio Vysk. K. Paltaroko gimnazijoje. Tyrimas vyko vienerius mokslo metus (201... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]
Research problem. Doctors and health experts are worried about deteriorating children’s health. Lithuania, by insufficient physical activity of students, takes the last place. The number of students who spend time at computer and TV screens is increasing. According to the 2008 research data, 50,4% of Lithuanian boys and 64,4% of girls are not physically active enough. According to the data of an information management system for the public healthcare service SVEIDRA, in 2009 in Lithuania out of 1000 children 780 cases of diseases and traumas were reported. For children (from 0 to17 years old) the respiratory system diseases are most commonly reported (567,8 children out of 1000 in 2009), i.e. about 57% of all children who had at least one record of acute upper respiratory tract infection and influenza. The number of other reported children’s diseases was significantly lower. To have compared the indicators of 2008 and 2009, it should be noted that the number of children who suffered from acute upper respiratory tract infections and influenza has risen by 9.3 percent (Lithuanian Health Statistics, 2009). Research aim. To determine the relation of static and dynamic exercises with 8–9–year–old children’s incidence of respiratory diseases. Hypothesis. Static and dynamic exercises are reducing the incidence of child respiratory diseases Research methods and organization. The research has been carried out in Panevezys, K. Paltarokas Gymnasium. It took one academic year (2010 – 201... [to full text]

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Milner, N. P. "Modelling fatigue and recovery in static postural exercise." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.355419.

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Bailey, Christopher A. "Force Production Symmetry During Static, Isometric, and Dynamic Tasks." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2014. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/2388.

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The purpose of this dissertation was to examine the existence of force production and strength symmetry while concentrating on its role with performance. Specifically, in this dissertation I sought to determine if differences in symmetry exist between male and female athletes as well as between athletes of different strength levels. Various symmetry assessments were used and the amount of carryover between tests was also evaluated. Furthermore, the relationship between asymmetry magnitude and various aspects of jump performance was also assessed. The results showed that female athletes were more asymmetrical than their male counterparts for most assessments. Interestingly, weaker athletes regardless of gender were more asymmetrical than stronger athletes for all assessments. Symmetry characteristics appeared to carryover between all tests and conditions with the exception of the bilateral strength assessment. When separated by strength level, good carryover of explosive strength symmetry characteristics was noted. A trend of negative relationships was noted between jump performance and kinetic asymmetry, measured during jumps and weight distribution. Isometric mid-thigh pull force production asymmetry did not relate to jump performance as it had previously. Kinetic asymmetry was shown to influence the direction of center of mass displacement (COMd). Specifically, asymmetrical rate of force development showed the most ability to differentiate between values of COMd in the mediolateral direction. The finding that female athletes are more likely to produce force asymmetrically may indicate that they are more susceptible to the performance detriments that accompany force production asymmetry. This may also indicate that female athletes are more susceptible to injury if force asymmetry is an injury predictor. However, differences in asymmetry magnitude between the sexes may be due to differences in strength level between the sexes in the current study, as weaker athletes were shown to be more asymmetrical than their stronger counterparts. Thus, it may be inadequate strength level that is a risk factor to performance detriments and possible injury. It also appears that force production asymmetry can both alter and hinder optimal jump performance. In order to optimize performance and possibly reduce injury risk, it is recommended that weaker athletes focus on bilateral strengthening exercises.

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Kavanaugh, Ashley A., Michael W. Ramsey, William A. Sands, G. Gregory Haff, and Michael H. Stone. "Acute Whole-Body Vibration Does Not Affect Static Jump Performance." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2011. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/4118.

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Currently, whole-body vibration is being used to promote enhanced performance. Many coaches and athletes believe that it can acutely enhance explosive performance and power output. However, the scientific literature is unclear as to whether this enhancement occurs. The purpose of this study was to examine the acute effects of whole-body vibration on static jump performance, including jump height, peak force, rate of force development, and peak power. Fourteen recreationally active individuals (5 females, 9 males) participated in three separate randomized treatment sessions. Treatment 1 consisted of no vibration while treatment 2 and treatment 3 incorporated whole-body vibration. The whole-body vibration protocol consisted of three 30-s bouts of vibration performed at 30 Hz and low amplitude ( 3 mm) with a 30-s rest between bouts. Treatment 1 was identical in duration to both treatments 2 and 3, but did not contain any vibration. Five minutes after each treatment, the participants performed the static jump protocols. Two (data averaged) non-weighted static jumps and two 20 kg weighted jumps were performed. Treatments 1 vs. 2, 1 vs. 3, and 2 vs. 3 were calculated for each variable at both 0 kg and 20 kg. Jump height, peak force, rate of force development, and peak power were analysed using a one-way analysis of variance with repeated measures. The intra-class correlations comparing the two trials of each jump for each of the three treatments were ≥0.92. Compared with the no-vibration condition, jump height showed a non-significant increase as a result of whole-body vibration for both unweighted and weighted jumps; peak force, rate of force development, and peak power were not statistically different. The results indicate that whole-body vibration has no effect on jump height, peak force, rate of force development or peak power during static jumping.

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Kavanaugh, Ashley A., H. Birdsell, L. Kowalyk, T. Livingston, H. Nowell, T. Patton, Michael W. Ramsey, William A. Sands, and Michael H. Stone. "Acute Effects of Whole Body Vibration on Static Jump Performance." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2009. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/4520.

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Bailey, Chris A., Kimitake Sato, Brian Johnson, William A. Sands, Angus Burnett, and Michael H. Stone. "Kinetic and Kinematic Asymmetries during Unloaded and Loaded Static Jumps." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2013. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/4557.

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Ramsey, Michael W., Ashley A. Kavanaugh, Michael Israetel, Anna Swisher, Cara Nelson, and Michael H. Stone. "Changes in Relationship Between Static Jump Height, Strength Characteristics, and Body Composition With Training." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2011. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/4085.

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Coffman, Christopher Ross. "Age differences in kinesthetic and static-position sense of the upper limb in unconstrained 3-D tasks." Thesis, University of Iowa, 2016. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/2059.

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We compared sense of movement and position in unconstrained 3-dimensional tasks in younger and older adults to investigate whether older adults have diminished kinesthetic sense. Active and passive kinesthesia were compared in a novel dynamic-position sense task and also in a static-position sense task. Older (65-85 years) and younger (18-22) adults performed tasks in which they moved the right arm to touch the right index tip to the moving and stationary left index (target) fingertip in different conditions. In the dynamic task the participant or experimenter moved the left upper limb and, after a variable delay, the subject moved the right arm to attempt to touch the right index-tip to the moving target index-tip. Participants performed the dynamic task with vision actively moving both limbs (VDA), without vision while actively moving both limbs (NVDA), and without vision with the experimenter moving the target limb (NVDP). In the static task the participant (NVSA) or experimenter (NVSP) moved the target limb to a position and held it stationary while the participant moved the right arm to attempt to touch the right index tip to the target fingertip. Both younger and older adults performed the dynamic task remarkably accurately with errors averaging less than 1.6 cm across the 3 conditions. Mean 3-dimensional distance errors averaged slightly (0.19 cm) larger in older adults in the dynamic task (F₁,₂₅=5.88, p=0.02). Variable distance errors did not differ between age groups in the dynamic task (F₁,₂₅=0.90, p=0.35). Small errors were observed in all conditions. NVDP had the largest mean distance errors (1.81 cm) of moving conditions, followed by NVDA (1.65 cm), and VDA had the smallest errors (1.27 cm) (F₂,₅₀=49.55, pcorr< .001, all post hoc tests less than p< 0.05). There was no evidence of errors depending on target index-tip peak speed or location. Interestingly, distance errors in the static tasks averaged 3.0 cm and were clearly larger than in the dynamic tasks (F₁,₂₅=57.78, p< 0.001). Within the two static conditions, average errors were 0.5 cm larger in the NVSP condition than in the NVSA condition (F₁,₂₅=7.56, p=0.01). Average distance errors trended to being larger in older adults in static conditions (F₁,₂₅=3.53, p=0.07). Variable distance errors were similar for the two age groups in the static conditions (F₁,₂₅=.25, p=0.35), averaging 1.77 cm in NVSP and 1.38 cm in NVSA (F₁,₂₅=.7.98, p< 0.01). These results suggest that regardless of age, availability of visual information, active/passive target limb movement, or reaching to static versus moving targets that adults are generally quite accurate at localizing fingertip position. The finding that accuracy in the static and dynamic tasks when vision was not allowed was only slightly better when the subjects actively moved the target arm (i.e., NVDA, NVSA) than when the target arm was moved by the experimenter (NVDP, NVSP) indicates that internal models may contribute only very slightly to proprioceptive localization of the upper limb. However, it is clear that kinesthetic sensory information from the periphery is sufficient to allow the central nervous system to accurately calculate position of the endpoint of the limb (tip of the index) while unconstrained in 3-dimensional space.

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Books on the topic "Static exercises"

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Paskaran, N. Pas. Statics & strength of materials for technology. Toronto: Copp Clark Pitman, 1992.

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Hibbeler, R. C. Engineering mechanics: Statics. 4th ed. Basingstoke: Collier Macmillan, 1986.

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Engineering mechanics: Statics. Boston, MA: Pearson Learning Solutions, 2013.

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C, Fan S., ed. Engineering mechanics: Statics. Singapore: Prentice Hall, 1997.

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Hibbeler, R. C. Engineering mechanics: Statics. 7th ed. Oxford: Collier Macmillan, 1995.

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Hibbeler, R. C. Engineering mechanics: Statics. 5th ed. New York: Macmillan, 1989.

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Hibbeler, R. C. Engineering mechanics: Statics. 7th ed. Englewood Cliffs, N.J: Prentice Hall, 1995.

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Hibbeler, R. C. Engineering mechanics: Statics. 6th ed. New York: Macmillan Pub. Co., 1992.

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Hibbeler, R. C. Engineering mechanics: Statics. 6th ed. New York: Macmillan Pub. Co., 1992.

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Hibbeler, R. C. Engineering mechanics--statics. 4th ed. New York: Macmillan, 1986.

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Book chapters on the topic "Static exercises"

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Hasuo, Ichiro, and Kohei Suenaga. "Exercises in Nonstandard Static Analysis of Hybrid Systems." In Computer Aided Verification, 462–78. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-31424-7_34.

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Striewe, Michael, and Michael Goedicke. "A Review of Static Analysis Approaches for Programming Exercises." In Computer Assisted Assessment. Research into E-Assessment, 100–113. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-08657-6_10.

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Lynch, Gordon S., David G. Harrison, Hanjoong Jo, Charles Searles, Philippe Connes, Christopher E. Kline, C. Castagna, et al. "Static Balance." In Encyclopedia of Exercise Medicine in Health and Disease, 810. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-29807-6_3072.

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van Nes, Akkelies, and Claudia Yamu. "Analysing Linear Spatial Relationships: The Measures of Connectivity, Integration, and Choice." In Introduction to Space Syntax in Urban Studies, 35–86. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-59140-3_2.

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AbstractIn this chapter, we first explain the concept of an axial line and how the axial map is applied in space syntax. We then discuss the static measure of ‘connectivity’ with its ‘one-step’ to ‘n-step’ logic, including its meaning for axialintegration analysis. We further present the segment integration analysis. Using the streetsegment as the basis for analysis allows one to apply three types of distances and three types of radii in space syntax. We then present the most-often used space syntax measures in more depth, namely angularchoice and angular integrationwith metric radius, and introduce the mathematical formulae on how to normalise both measures. Real-life applications illustrate and underpin the usefulness of these measures and their meaning for urban analysis, such as why and how they allow us to identify urban societal processes and their added value at both a citywidescale and a neighbourhoodscale. Finally, we critically reflect on the measures, including their potentials and misfits. Exercises are provided at the end of the chapter.

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Watkins, Marley W. "Practice Exercises." In A Step-By-Step Guide to Exploratory Factor Analysis with Stata, 153–60. New York: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003149286-19.

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Voetelink, Joop. "Limits on the Extraterritoriality of United States Export Control and Sanctions Legislation." In NL ARMS, 187–217. The Hague: T.M.C. Asser Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-6265-471-6_11.

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AbstractThe sovereignty of states is reflected in the notion of jurisdiction, empowering them to enact and enforce laws and regulations, and to adjudicate disputes in court. The jurisdiction of states and the exercise thereof is primarily territorial, limiting the exercise of state authority to their respective national territories except in specific situations. However, in an increasingly globalized and interconnected world, it would be hard to maintain that a state should be denied the right to exercise its sovereign powers beyond national borders when there are reasonable grounds for doing so. Consequently, the exercise of extraterritorial legislative jurisdiction has become more accepted, although it is limited to particular situations and circumstances. These have to do with the exercise of jurisdiction over nationals, vessels and aircraft registered in or pertaining to the legislating state, as well as certain activities aimed at undermining the state’s security or solvency or which constitute crimes under international law. However, in principle it is not allowed to regulate activities of foreign nationals or entities operating wholly outside the legislating state’s territory. One area where this has become increasingly prevalent is through the exercise of export controls over foreign nationals and legal persons. The United States (US) has long been engaged in the exercise of this type of extraterritorial jurisdiction and is, without doubt, the state that is most proactive in doing so. This chapter considers US extraterritorial claims with respect to its export control and sanctions legislation and explores the limits of this practice under public international law.

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Pokorski, M., A. Masuda, P. E. Paulev, Y. Sakakibara, B. Ahn, S. Takaishi, and Y. Honda. "Importance of Arterial Chemoreceptors for Cardiorespiratory Responses to Static Exercise in Man." In Chemoreceptors and Chemoreceptor Reflexes, 255–59. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-8938-5_37.

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Fletcher, Peter J., Wei Feng Shen, and David T. Kelly. "The Left Ventricular Response to Static and Dynamic Exercise in Chronic Aortic Regurgitation." In Developments in Cardiovascular Medicine, 75–106. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-1729-6_5.

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Nishimuta, M., N. Kodama, H. Takeyama, and F. Toyooka. "Magnesium Metabolism and Physical Exercise in Humans." In Magnesium: Current Status and New Developments, 109–13. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-0057-8_25.

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Romero-Laiseca, M. A., L. S. Morelato, K. A. Hernandez-Ossa, A. Frizera, and T. F. Bastos-Filho. "Design and Development of Hardware and Software to Command a Motorized Exercise Static Bike." In XXVI Brazilian Congress on Biomedical Engineering, 609–17. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-2119-1_94.

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Conference papers on the topic "Static exercises"

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Tateishi, Yoshiki, and Ushio Inoue. "GUI Static Testing for Object-Oriented Programming Exercises." In 2019 20th IEEE/ACIS International Conference on Software Engineering, Artificial Intelligence, Networking and Parallel/Distributed Computing (SNPD). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/snpd.2019.8935800.

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Kollmann, C., and M. Goedicke. "A specification language for static analysis of student exercises." In 2008 23rd IEEE/ACM International Conference on Automated Software Engineering. IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ase.2008.47.

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Cesarelli, M., F. Di Iorio, P. Bifulco, F. Clemente, A. Fratini, and M. Ruffo. "Neuromuscular response to whole body vibration treatment during static and dynamic squat exercises." In 2012 IEEE International Symposium on Medical Measurements and Applications (MeMeA). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/memea.2012.6226648.

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Mishchenko, N. Yu. "APPLYING STATDYNAMIC EXERCISES IN THE TRAINING PROCESS OF YOUNG KARATISTS, DIRECTED TO FORMATION OF A RATIONAL POSTURE." In Х Всероссийская научно-практическая конференция. Nizhnevartovsk State University, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36906/fks-2020/35.

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The expediency of using static-dynamic exercises in the process of forming a rational posture in training sessions for young ka-artists 10–12 years old has been substantiated. The article describes the experimental methodology of rational posture formation among athletes-karatekas 10–12 years old with the use of static-dynamic exercises. The positive influence of the experimental methodology on the normalization of the posture state of young sportsmen-karateka 10–12 years old, as well as a statistically significant increase in the activity of the mobility of the spinal column forward, to the side and indicators characterizing the functional state of the "muscle corset" is shown. The use of special static-dynamic complexes contributed to the effective development of static, dynamic strength endurance, speed-strength abilities.

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Caruntu, Dumitru I. "3-D Knee Biomechanics." In ASME 2008 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2008-67633.

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This is a survey on 3-D dynamic and quasi-static human knee joint modeling. Anatomical surface representation, contact modeling, ligament structure, and solution algorithm are reviewed. Understanding knee joint biomechanics is important for total knee replacement and rehabilitation exercise design, ligament reconstruction, and cartilage damage. Knee models were proposed mostly in the last two decades. They aimed normal activities and rehabilitation exercises, and sought muscle, ligament, and joint contact forces. Consisting of two joints, tibio-femoral (TF) and patello-femoral (PF), the human knee 3-D models were PF, TF [1–3], and both TF and PF [4–7]. Models were static, quasi-static, and dynamic, including the entire, partial, or none of the ligament structure. Contact models of the knee were rigid or deformable. Both natural knees and replacement models were reported. Different groups of muscles were considered.

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Zub, I. V., A. V. Bykov, and V. A. Kurys. "The Main Aspects of the Exercises Use Fulfilled in Static-Dynamic Regime in the Training Process of Rowers." In Proceedings of the First International Volga Region Conference on Economics, Humanities and Sports (FICEHS 2019). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/aebmr.k.200114.177.

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Mishra, Rajesh K., R. S. Soni, H. S. Kushwaha, and V. Venkat Raj. "Analysis of Piping Systems for Life Extension of Heavy Water Plants in India." In 10th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone10-22516.

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Heavy water production in India has achieved many milestones in the past. Two of the successfully running heavy water plants are on the verge of completion of their design life in the near future. One of these two plants, situated at Kota, is a hydrogen sulfide based plant and the other one at Tuticorin is an ammonia-based plant. Various exercises have been planned with an aim to assess the fatigue usage for the various components of these plants in order to extend their life. Considering the process parameters and the past history of the plant performance, critical piping systems and equipment are identified. Analyses have been carried out for these critical piping systems for mainly two kinds of loading, viz. sustained loads and the expansion loads. Static analysis has been carried out to find the induced stress levels due to sustained as well as thermal expansion loading as per the design code ANSI B31.3. Due consideration has been given to the design corrosion allowance while evaluating the stresses due to sustained loads. At the locations where the induced stresses (SL) due to the sustained loads are exceeding the allowable limits (Sh), exercises have been carried out considering the reduced corrosion allowance value. This strategy is adopted in view of the fact that the thickness measurements carried out at site at various critical locations show a very low rate of corrosion. It has been possible to qualify the system with reduced corrosion allowance values however, it is recommended to keep that location under periodic monitoring. The strategy adopted for carrying out analysis for thermal expansion loading is to qualify the system as per the code allowable value (Sa). If the stresses are more than the allowable value, credit of liberal allowable value as suggested in the code i.e., with the addition of the term (Sh-SL) to the term 0.25 Sh, has been taken. However, if at any location, it is found that thermal stress is high, fatigue analysis has been carried out. This is done using the provisions of ASME Code Section VIII, Div. 2 by evaluating the cumulative fatigue usage factor. Results of these exercises reveal that the piping systems of both of these plants are in a very healthy state. Based on these exercises, it has been concluded that the life of the plants can be safely extended further with enhanced in-service inspection provisions.

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Thompson, Lara A., Joao Augusto Renno Brusamolin, Jelani Guise, Mehdi Badache, Sandy Collado Estrada, Lonika Behera, Marzieh Savadkoohi, Tyra Coombs, Pablo Sanchez Guerrero, and Devdas Shetty. "Exploring Training Methodologies Towards the Improvement of Elderly Balance." In ASME 2018 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2018-86815.

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The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of utilizing sensory (i.e., vision and touch), as well as static and dynamic base of support training on the balance of senior participants aged 60–80 years old. For each participant, there were several weeks of training, two sessions per week and assessments every two weeks. Training included walking and standing exercises on a hard surface, compliant and stiffer foam walking and standing balance training, and navigating obstacles. Within each session, to modify vision, all training included eyes-open and closed. Further, there were increases in training difficulty as the sessions progressed. It was observed that training over several weeks resulted in increases in stability, as observed by the decreases in Balance Error Scoring System (BESS) assessment results. However, increases in balance confidence, as observed by the Activities-Specific Balance Confidence (ABC) scale were less certain in this healthy elderly (or senior) population. It is an interesting and positive finding that, in doing relatively simple, but targeted exercises and training, senior individuals can have moderate improvements in their balance and, perhaps ultimately, reduce their fall-risk.

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Oury, Laurence, Zeynab Umidova, Miche`le Auglaire, and Antonio Cipollaro. "Validation of Severe Accident Management Guidance in Belgium." In 17th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone17-75472.

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The Belgian Safety Authorities requested to address the severe accident issue within the periodic safety review of the Nuclear Power Plants (NPPs). The key elements of the approach applied in Belgium include the implementation and the validation of the Severe Accident Management Guidance (SAMG). The present paper focuses on the validation of the SAMG that has taken place during the last four years. The validation process aims at verifying the ability of the Technical Support Center (TSC) to manage severe accidents thanks to the implemented Severe Accident Management Guidance. The validation was practically realized by table-top drills based on Westinghouse Owner’s Group SAMG scenario templates. Eight scenarios were exercised: 7 at full power and 1 at shutdown state. One of the scenarios consists in a fast evolving scenario. This paper details the methodology used for the validation process as well as the feedback of the validation exercises realized in the NPPs. In a first phase the objectives of the exercises were defined in agreement with the Safety Authorities; successively, the exercises were realized in the TSC in presence of the Safety Authorities with the active participation of the members of the crisis team that would be present in the TSC. For each exercise, a scenarist presented the chronology of events until the opening of the SAMG. Then, during the severe accident phase, the scenarist regularly provided the evolution of the parameters and was playing also the role of the control room, if needed. That organization is described and analyzed. Moreover, the paper reports on the general feedback from the exercises and the major findings of the validation. Possible adaptations and improvements of the guidelines have been identified, such as for example additional or alternative entry criteria to the guidelines, priorities definition due to the existence of the safety injection-containment spray connection, evaluation of the application of the WOG SAMG to shutdown states and supplementary information for alternative electrical supply in case of station black-out.

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Fregly, Christopher D., Brandon T. Kim, Zhao Li, John K. De Witt, and Benjamin J. Fregly. "Estimated Muscle Loads During Squat Exercise in Microgravity Conditions." In ASME 2012 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2012-80785.

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Loss of muscle mass in microgravity is one of the primary factors limiting long-term space flight [1]. NASA researchers have developed a number of exercise devices to address this problem. The most recent is the Advanced Resistive Exercise Device (ARED) [2], which is currently used by astronauts on the International Space Station (ISS) to emulate typical free-weight exercises in microgravity. ARED exercise on the ISS is intended to reproduce Earth-level muscle loads, but the actual muscle loads produced remain unknown as they cannot currently be measured directly.

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Reports on the topic "Static exercises"

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Narcise, Samuel. Republic of the Philippines - United States of America Visiting Forces Agreement: Balikatan Exercises. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, April 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada414512.

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Miller, Ronald L. Nation Assistance: Does an Exercise in Guatemala by Reserve Components Support United States National Security Strategy? Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, April 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada345884.

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Cedergren, Elin, Diana Huynh, Michael Kull, John Moodie, Hjördís Rut Sigurjónsdóttir, and Mari Wøien Meijer. Public service delivery in the Nordic Region: An exercise in collaborative governance. Nordregio, February 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.6027/r2021:4.1403-2503.

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Nordic welfare states are world renowned for providing high quality public services. Nordic municipal and regional authorities, in particular, play a central role in the delivery of key public services in areas, such as, health, education, and social care. However, in recent years, public authorities have faced several challenges which have reduced capacity and resources, including long periods of austerity following the 2008 financial crash, rapid demographic changes caused by an ageing population, and the COVID-19 health crisis. In response to these challenges many public authorities have looked to inter-regional, inter-municipal and cross-border collaborations to improve the quality and effectiveness of public service delivery (OECD 2017; ESPON 2019). Indeed, collaborative public service delivery is becoming increasingly prominent in the Nordic Region due to a highly decentralized systems of governance (Nordregio 20015; Eythorsson 2018).

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Klimp, Jack W. The Role of Joint and Combined Exercises in Commander-In-Chief, United States Central Command's (USCINCCENT's) Peacetime Strategy and Preparation for War. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, May 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada253156.

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Moss, J. C. Train Like You Fight . . . The Need for an Institutionalized Exercise Program for United States Interagency Reconstruction and Stabilization Capabilities. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, April 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada539941.

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Warner, Benjamin, and Rachel Schattman. Farming the floodplain: overcoming tradeoffs to achieve good river governance in New England. USDA Northeast Climate Hub, May 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2017.6949553.ch.

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The goal of this case is for students to learn through the development of a sustainable river governance plan for Massachusetts focused on balancing needs and perspectives on local agriculture, flood resilience, and healthy ecosystems in the context of climate change. This will be challenging. Ideally, a river governance plan developed by the students would support local agriculture, increase flood resilience, and promote environmental stewardship. A role-playing exercise is included in this case that involves representatives of several stakeholders groups (personas assumed by a subset of students); these include a farmer, a fisher/recreationalist, a state river manager, an environmentalist, and a resident. The students will learn about the goals of a stakeholder to discuss with the others, negotiate with them, find ways to resolve conflicts and finally to create a governance plan.

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Frantseva, Anastasiya. The video lectures course "Elements of Mathematical Logic" for students enrolled in the Pedagogical education direction, profile Primary education. Frantseva Anastasiya Sergeevna, April 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12731/frantseva.0411.14042021.

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The video lectures course is intended for full-time and part-time students enrolled in "Pedagogical education" direction, profile "Primary education" or "Primary education - Additional education". The course consists of four lectures on the section "Elements of Mathematical Logic" of the discipline "Theoretical Foundations of the Elementary Course in Mathematics" on the profile "Primary Education". The main lecture materials source is a textbook on mathematics for students of higher pedagogical educational institutions Stoilova L.P. (M.: Academy, 2014.464 p.). The content of the considered mathematics section is adapted to the professional needs of future primary school teachers. It is accompanied by examples of practice exercises from elementary school mathematics textbooks. The course assumes students productive learning activities, which they should carry out during the viewing. The logic’s studying contributes to the formation of the specified profile students of such professional skills as "the ability to carry out pedagogical activities for the implementation of primary general education programs", "the ability to develop methodological support for programs of primary general education." In addition, this section contributes to the formation of such universal and general professional skills as "the ability to perform searching, critical analysis and synthesis of information, to apply a systematic approach to solving the assigned tasks", "the ability to participate in the development of basic and additional educational programs, to design their individual components". The video lectures course was recorded at Irkutsk State University.

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Pessino, Carola, and Teresa Ter-Minassian. Addressing the Fiscal Costs of Population Aging in Latin America and the Caribbean, with Lessons from Advanced Countries. Inter-American Development Bank, April 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003242.

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This paper presents projections for 18 Latin America and Caribbean countries of pensions and health expenditures over the next 50 years, compares them to advanced countries, and calculates estimates of the fiscal gap due to aging. The exercise is crucial since life expectancy is increasing and fertility rates are declining in virtually all advanced countries and many developing countries, but more so in Latin America and the Caribbean. While the populations of many of the regions countries are still relatively young, they are aging more rapidly than those in more developed countries. The fiscal implications of these demographic trends are severe. The paper proposes policy and institutional reforms that could begin to be implemented immediately and that could help moderate these trends in light of relevant international experience to date. It suggests that LAC countries need to include an intertemporal numerical fiscal limit or rule to the continuous increase in aging spending while covering the needs of the more vulnerable. They should consider also complementing public pensions with voluntary contribution mechanisms supported by tax incentives, such as those used in Australia, New Zealand (Kiwi Saver), and the United States (401k). In addition, LAC countries face an urgent challenge in curbing the growth of health care costs, while improving the quality of care. Efforts should focus on improving both the allocative and the technical efficiency of public health spending.

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Colomb, Claire, and Tatiana Moreira de Souza. Regulating Short-Term Rentals: Platform-based property rentals in European cities: the policy debates. Property Research Trust, May 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.52915/kkkd3578.

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Short-term rentals mediated by digital platforms have positive and negative impacts that are unevenly distributed among socio-economic groups and places. Detrimental impacts on the housing market and quality of life of long-term residents have been particular contentious in some cities. • In the 12 cities studied in the report (Amsterdam, Barcelona, Berlin, Brussels, Lisbon, London, Madrid, Milan, Paris, Prague, Rome and Vienna), city governments have responded differently to the growth of short-term rentals. • The emerging local regulations of short-term rentals take multiple forms and exhibit various degrees of stringency, ranging from rare cases of laissez-faire to a few cases of partial prohibition or strict quantitative control. Most city governments have sought to find a middle-ground approach that differentiates between the professional rental of whole units and the occasional rental of one’s home/ primary residence. • The regulation of short-term rentals is contentious and highly politicised. Six broad categories of interest groups and non-state actors actively participate in the debates with contrasting positions: advocates of the ‘sharing’ or ‘collaborative’ economy; corporate platforms; professional organisatons of short-term rental operators; new associations of hosts or ‘home-sharers’; the hotel and hospitality industry; and residents’ associations/citizens’ movements. • All city governments face difficulties in implementing and enforcing the regulations, due to a lack of sufficient resources and to the absence of accurate and comprehensive data on individual hosts. That data is held by corporate platforms, which have generally not accepted to release it (with a few exceptions) nor to monitor the content of their listings against local rules. • The relationships between platforms and city governments have oscillated between collaboration and conflict. Effective implementation is impossible without the cooperation of platforms. • In the context of the European Union, the debate has taken a supranational dimension, as two pieces of EU law frame the possibility — and acceptable forms — of regulation of online platforms and of short-term rentals in EU member states: the 2000 E-Commerce Directive and the 2006 Services Directive. • For regulation to be effective, the EU legal framework should be revised to ensure platform account- ability and data disclosure. This would allow city (and other ti ers of) governments to effectively enforce the regulations that they deem appropriate. • Besides, national and regional governments, who often control the legislative framework that defines particular types of short-term rentals, need to give local governments the necessary tools to be able to exercise their ‘right to regulate’ in the name of public interest objectives.

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Fire fighter collapses and dies during exercise training at his fire station - Missouri. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, July 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.26616/nioshfffacef200040.

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