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AĞGÖN, ESER, ÖZTURK AGIRBAŞ, HAMIT HAKAN ALP, IZZET UÇAN, RECEP GÜRSOY, and ANTHONY C. HACKNEY. "Effect of dynamic and static strength training on hormonal activity in elite boxers." Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity 12, no. 3 (September 30, 2020): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.29359/bjhpa.12.3.01.
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Background: The aim of this study was to determine hormonal responses to acute and chronic exposure to static and dynamic strength training programs using resistance bands in boxers. Material and methods: 19 male national boxers participated in the study. Boxers were instructed to perform strength exercises with resistance bands for 3 days a week for 8 weeks involving either dynamic (n=10) or static (n=9) resistance exercises. Blood samples were taken before exercise, immediately after the initial exercise session, and 8 weeks later following the last exercise session. Cortisol, growth hormone, adrenocorticotropic hormone adrenaline and noradrenaline levels were measured. Statistical analyses involved non-parametric analysis with an alpha level of .05. Results: Dynamic strength exercises were effective stimuli to growth hormone, adrenaline and noradrenaline, while static strength exercises provoked cortisol, growth hormone, adrenaline and noradrenaline responses both initially after exercise and after 8 weeks of chronic training. Neither dynamic nor static strength exercises were effective in prompting adrenocorticotropic changes after an exercise session or after 8 weeks of training. Conclusions: We showed that dynamic and static strength exercise protocols using resistance bands both could provoke acute and chronic hormonal responses in boxers similar to more traditional modes of such exercise. Abbreviations: ACTH ̶ Adrenocorticotropic Hormone, GH ̶ Growth Hormone, C ̶ Cortisol.
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Agirbas, Ozturk. "Effects of Different Types Strength Exercises with Thera-Band® on Oxidative Stress and DNA Damage." Journal of Education and Training Studies 7, no. 3 (January 17, 2019): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.11114/jets.v7i3.3899.
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The aim of this study is to determine the effects of both static and dynamic strength trainings on oxidative stress and DNA damage in elite boxers. 19 elite male boxers participated in the study. Boxers were instructed to perform strength exercises 3 days a week for 8 weeks. Blood samples were taken before exercises (resting), after the first exercise (acute) and after 8 weeks following the last exercise (chronic). MDA, SOD, GPx and 8-OHdG levels of blood were examined. Statistical analyses were carried out using the SPSS 22 for Windows. The data were found to not be distributed normally. Thus, Friedman, Wilcoxon and Mann-Whitney U tests were used. The results were evaluated using an alpha level of .05. In the dynamic strength exercise group, there was no significance at GPx, however MDA, SOD and 8-OHdG levels decreased in 8 weeks. In static strength exercise group, although there was no significance at SOD, GPx and 8-OHdG, MDA levels decreased both after a single session and in 8 weeks. In addition, significant difference was found between dynamic and static exercise groups at SOD, GPx and 8-OHdG levels in pre-exercise and at 8-OHdG levels after 8 weeks. Dynamic strength exercises with Thera-Band are effective on MDA, SOD and 8-OHdG chronically, static strength exercises are effective on MDA both acutely and chronically. Neither dynamic nor static strength exercises are not effective on GPx both acutely and chronically.
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Akyüz, Murat, Murat Özmaden, Yeliz Doğru, Evren Karademir, Yeşim Aydın, and Ümit Hayta. "Examination of basic motoric characteristics with different stretching exercises in football playersGenç basketbolcularda statik ve dinamik germe egzersizlerinin bazı fiziksel parametrelere etkisi." Journal of Human Sciences 14, no. 2 (April 25, 2017): 1492. http://dx.doi.org/10.14687/jhs.v14i2.4560.
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This study was conducted to examine the effects of static and dynamic stretching exercises on strength, flexibility, speed and balance in young basketball players. 10 volunteers from the 16 year old male basketball team of Pınar Karsiyaka Sports Club participated in the study. The average age of the athletes is 16 ± 0,0 (year) and the average of the height is 188 ± 0,08 (cm). The study consists of three parts. On the first day, dynamic stretching exercises were performed on the second day and static stretching exercises and performance tests were performed on the third day without performing any exercise. Applied performance tests were hand grip strength, back-leg strength, sit-in flexibility test, 20 m. Sprint test and flamingo balance test. The obtained data were analyzed with the variance analysis (ANOVA test) in the repeated measures using the SPSS 23.0 package program. As a result of the study, the flexibility of the static and dynamic stretching exercises in the data obtained, the difference in the left handed claw strength and the speed of the dynamic stretching exercises were significant (p <0.05). On the other hand, no statistically significant difference was found between static and dynamic stretching exercises and back leg strength and balance (p> 0.05). As a result, it can be said that static and dynamic stretching exercises have a positive effect on flexibility, strength and speed. ÖzetBu çalışma genç basketbolcularda statik ve dinamik germe egzersizlerinin kuvvet, esneklik, sürat ve denge üzerindeki etkisini incelemek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Çalışmaya Pınar Karşıyaka Spor Kulübünün 16 yaş erkek basketbol takımından 10 gönüllü katılmıştır. Sporcuların yaş ortalamaları 16±0,0 (yıl), boy ortalamaları 188±0,08 (cm)’dir. Çalışma üç bölümden oluşmaktadır. Birinci gün herhangi bir egzersiz uygulanmadan, ikinci gün dinamik germe egzersizleri ve üçüncü gün statik germe egzersizleri ile performans testleri uygulanmıştır. Uygulanan performans testleri sırasıyla el kavrama kuvveti, sırt-bacak kuvveti, otur-eriş esneklik testi, 20 m. sprint testi ve flamingo denge testinden oluşmaktadır. Elde edilen veriler SPSS 23.0 paket programı kullanılarak tekrarlı ölçümlerde Varyans Analizi (Anova Testi) ile analiz edilmiştir. Çalışma sonucunda elde edilen verilerde statik ve dinamik germe egzersizlerinin esnekliğe, dinamik germe egzersizlerinin sol el pençe kuvveti ve sürat üzerinde anlamlı bir farklılık meydana gelmiştir (p<0.05). Diğer yandan, statik ve dinamik germe egzersizleri ile sırt bacak kuvveti ve denge üzerinde anlamlı bir farklılık bulunamamıştır (p>0.05). Sonuç olarak, statik ve dinamik germe egzersizlerinin esneklik, kuvvet ve sürat üzerinde olumlu etkisi olduğu söylenebilir.
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Aydın, Erbil Murat, Yılmaz Uçan, and Hakan Yarar. "The acute effect of static stretching between sets on the number of repetitions performance in resistance training." Journal of Human Sciences 14, no. 4 (December 1, 2017): 3913. http://dx.doi.org/10.14687/jhs.v14i4.4865.
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Rest interval between sets in resistance exercises is an important variable that influence on the training volume. The purpose of the current study was to determine the effect of static stretching on the number of repetitions for three consecutive sets upper and lower body exercises. Nine trained men (age: 21,78 2,49 years; height: 171,5 4,62 cm; weight: 73,98 6,62 kg; body fat percentage: 11,1 3,95 %) completed three sets push down and leg extension exercises with 10 repetition maximum, %60 of 1 repetition maximum and %85 of 1 repetition maximum load. Participants took part static stretching and non-stretching conditions that was done on counterbalance. The results of this study demonstrated that the number of repetitions significantly decreased after static stretching for both exercises at all intensities. When compared the two conditions, the number of repetitions after static stretching on set 2 and set 3 was significantly lower than the set 1 for push down exercise at all intensities. However, for leg extension exercise at 10 repetition maximum intensity on set 2 was significantly lower than the set 1 and at %85 of 1 repetition maximum intensity on set 2 and set 3 significantly lower than the set 1. There is no significant difference for leg extension exercise between groups at %60 of 1 repetition maximum intensity. In conclusion, this study indicated that static stretching between consecutive sets has negative effect on the number of repetitions for push down and leg extension exercises. Therefore static stretching should be avoided during the rest period between sets when performing the push down and leg extension exercises.
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Yuniar Ramadhani, Dwi, and Putri Arivia. "The Effect of Ankle Strategy Exercises on Static Balance in The Elderly." Journal of Health Sciences 14, no. 1 (February 26, 2021): 32–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.33086/jhs.v14i1.1521.
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Decreased muscle strength is a musculoskeletal disorder in the elderly, resulting in slow movements and impaired physical mobility. Physical changes that occur in the elderly cause the risk of falling. This study analyzes the ankle strategy exercise's effect on static balance in the elderly at Regional Technical Implementation Unit (UPTD) Griya Werdha Surabaya. This study was Pre-Experimental with One Group Pre-Post Test Design. From the population, there were thirty-five respondents by simple random sampling. This study's independent variable was ankle strategy exercises with frequency three times a week within a month. The dependent variable was a static balance with the instrument Time Up Go (TUG) test. The authors analyzed the data with the Wilcoxon test. The study results showed a significant effect of the ankle strategy exercise on static balance in the elderly (p=0,000). The result showed a decrease in the number of elderly who have the high-risk of falling before the ankle strategy exercise (60% of elderly have a high risk of falling) and after the intervention (34% of elderly have a decreased risk of falling). The elderly should do the ankle strategy exercise independently or with assistant three times a week to improve their static balance and decrease their high-risk of falls.
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Fedyakin, Alexander A., Zhanna G. Kortava, Lidia K. Fedyakina, and Natalia Yu Zaplatina. "Effect of different training modes of strength exercises on a student’s body." Physical education of students 24, no. 3 (June 30, 2020): 149–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.15561/20755279.2020.0304.
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Background and Study Aim. Scientific-methodical literature underlined the importance of improving the effectiveness of physical education’s tools and methods during the scheduled university lessons. Scientists point out the necessity to take into account every factor determining the training effect of lessons with strength exercises. The immediate training effect can be determined by measuring the heart rate during different modes of strength exercises and during recovery. The aim of this study is to analyse the strength exercises’ immediate training effect on a student’s body in the static mode and in the isotonic mode.
Material and Methods. In the study participated 47 freshman male students of the Sochi State University (Russia). The study took place in September-December 2019. Heart rate was measured with Sport Testers POLAR RS-400 during strength exercises and during recovery. The results were analysed in the computer programme SPSS Statistics v22.0. Statistical significance of the results was defined using non-parametric Wilcoxon test. Heart rate was analysed during four types of plank positions in static and isotonic modes.
Results: The study determined the effect of different training modes of strength exercises on a student’s body. The immediate training effect of doing the bodyweight strength exercises in the isotonic mode compared to the static mode is characterised by a higher maximum heart rate at the end of doing the exercise (р<0,05); a higher average heart rate during the exercise and during rest until the next exercise (р<0,05); a higher combined heart rate (р<0,05).
Conclusion: The isotonic mode of the bodyweight strength exercises has a more prominent training effect than the static mode due to the specific nature of muscle contractions. Due to analysed heart rate values, the authors recommend taking into account the individual level of every student’s physical fitness.
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Branthwaite, Helen, Gemma Grabtree, Nachiappan Chockalingam, and Andrew Greenhalgh. "The Effect of Toe Flexion Exercises on Grip." Journal of the American Podiatric Medical Association 108, no. 5 (September 1, 2018): 355–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.7547/16-167.
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Background: Weakness of the toe flexor muscles has been attributed to the development of toe pathologies, and it responds well in the clinic to toe grip exercises. However, it is unknown whether exercising the toe flexor muscles improves the ability to grip and alter function. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of toe flexor exercises on apical plantar pressure, as a measure of grip, while seated and during gait. Methods: Twenty-three individuals with no known toe pathologies were recruited. Static peak pressure, time spent at peak pressure, and pressure-time integral while seated, as well as dynamic forefoot maximal force, contact area, and percentage contact time, were recorded before and after exercise. Toe grip exercises with a therapy ball were completed daily for 6 weeks. Results: Static peak pressure significantly increased after exercise on the apex of the second and third digits, as did the pressure-time integral. Dynamic peak force and contact area did not alter after exercise around the metatarsals and toes, yet percentage contact time significantly increased for each metatarsal after completing daily toe grip exercises. Conclusions: Exercises to improve the grip ability of the toes increased the static peak pressure on the apex of the second and third digits as well as the percentage contact time of the metatarsals during gait. The ability to increase apical peak pressure and contact time after exercises could assist in improving forefoot stability and gait efficiency and in reducing toe pathology progression.
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Tereshchenko, I. A., A. P. Otsupok, S. V. Krupenya, T. M. Liauchuk, and V. N. Boloban. "Coordination training of sportsmen, specializing in sport kinds of gymnastic." Physical education of students 19, no. 3 (June 28, 2015): 52–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.15561/20755279.2015.0307.
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Purpose: experimental substantiation of effectiveness of coordination training program, worked out for sportsmen, specializing in sport kinds of gymnastic. Material: In the research first year students (21 persons: 14 girls and 7 boys of age 17-18 years) participated. All they specialized in sport kinds of gymnastic. From them there were 15 masters of sports and 6 candidate masters of sports. Results: students’ sensor motor coordination was confidently increased by means of realization of program of exercises for perfection of static-dynamic and static-kinetic stability. Conclusions: we recommend new direction of specific exercises’ realization; exercise, developing and improving static-dynamic and static-kinetic body balance. Coordination training of sportsmen, specializing in sport gymnastic shall take one of priority places in system of physical education and sport training means.
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Musiyenko, O. V., N. P. Matsola, and L. Mykhats. "Determining the activity of body meridians during static exercise." Health, sport, rehabilitation 5, no. 1 (March 30, 2019): 66. http://dx.doi.org/10.34142/hsr.2019.05.01.07.
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<p>The purpose of the work was to determine the means of acupuncture diagnosis according to the method of J. Nakatani, the effect of performing physical exercises on the body on an example of a static exercise, which is performed similarly to the Padmasana (outside the Lotus of Hatha Yoga). Material and methods. Ten students of DDPU named after them were examined. Ivan Franko 18-20 years old, who possessed the perfect technique of performing the chosen static exercise. To determine the activity of the body's meridians, Ryodoraku's technique for V. Nakatani was used. The electric current was measured in representative biological active points of the twelve main meridians: lung (P), pericardial (MS), heart (C), lymphatic and immune systems (TR), thin (IG) and thick (GI) intestines, spleen and pancreas (R), liver (F), kidney (R), urinary (V) and biliary (VB) bladder and stomach (E) in order to determine the possibility of studying the effects of physical exercises on the body by acupuncture diagnostic methods. Measurement was used to perform the exercise, during and after the exercise in 6 minutes. Results Relevant changes in the electrical activity indices at representative points of the body's meridians during a selected static exercise were revealed. The increase in electrical activity in the body's meridians, which according to the literature, is responsible for the functions of the small and large intestines, the pancreas, the spleen, the liver, the gall bladder, the gonads, the kidneys, the adrenal glands. Also, this exercise causes a decrease in electrical activity at representative points of the respiratory system, the cardiovascular system, the urinary and gall bladder, and the stomach. Conclusion. It is shown that the use of technique method Ryodoraku for B. Nakatani measurement of meridians during static exercise is similar to posture "Padmasana" in the system Hatha_Yoga allows you to observe activation of body meridians, which, according to literature, are responsible for functions of the small and large intestines, pancreas, spleen, liver, gall bladder, gonads, kidneys, adrenal glands. It is possible to propose the use of a method for diagnosing the activity of the meridians to determine the effect of static exercises on the human body, along with other generally accepted scientific methods.</p>
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Santos, Catarina C., Daniel A. Marinho, Luís B. Faíl, Henrique P. Neiva, and Mário J. Costa. "Force Production and Coordination from Older Women in Water Fitness Exercises." Healthcare 9, no. 8 (August 16, 2021): 1054. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare9081054.
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The aim of this study was to compare bilateral propulsive forces and coordination while exercising at static and dynamic conditions in the water. A total of 27 older women (age: 65.1 ± 6.7 years old) performed the following exercises: (i) horizontal upper-limbs adduction (HA; static condition) and (ii) rocking horse (RH; dynamic condition) through an incremental protocol with music cadences from 105 up to 150 b·min−1. The duration of each trial was set at 30 second (sec). Propulsive peak force (in Newton, N) of dominant (PFD) and nondominant (PFND) upper limbs was retrieved using hand sensors coupled to a differential pressure system. Significant differences in force production were found between static and dynamic exercises at higher cadences (120, 135, and 150 b·min−1). The static condition elicited higher bilateral propulsive forces and a more symmetric pattern. The in-water static exercise with bilateral action from the upper limbs proved to be the most appropriate strategy for older women to work strength and to reduce asymmetries.
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Ciematnieks, Uģis, and Evita Tomanoviča. "EFFECT OF FOAM ROLLER AND STATIC STRETCHING ON BIOMECHANICAL PARAMETERS OF MUSCLE." SOCIETY. INTEGRATION. EDUCATION. Proceedings of the International Scientific Conference 6 (May 20, 2020): 150. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/sie2020vol6.5082.
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After training, it is needed to perform flexibility exercises for muscle stretching, but many choose to use the foam roller. With a foam roller, you can both exercise and perform a myofascial release that affects the deep tissues of extremities. Myofascial release improves blood circulation in muscle, develops elasticity, flexibility and minimizes the risk of an unwanted injury (Myers & Frederick, 2012). Many studies are being carried out to determine the effects of the various types of stretching on balance, speed and reaction (Apostolopoulos, Metisos, Flouris & Koutedakis, 2015). Training programs are designed so that after applying different workloads at the end there is cool-down through stretching exercises, but these training plans rarely recommends foam rollers as stretching means, even though they are popular every day. Aim of study: Find out the most effective method for reducing muscle tension in lower extremities. The study identifies changes in the biomechanical parameters of the hamstring muscle group after general stretching exercises and foam roller, after GRIP fitness concept class, using the Myoton PRO biomechanical parameters measurement. The study do not show any significant differences that may be in favour of one or the other method. Literature sources indicate that foam rollers exercises helps to relieve and restore the strained muscles more quickly, increases flexibility (Barrett, 2017). Our study did not confirm any of such findings. Foam roller exercises for myophascial release is as effective as static stretching exercises.
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T. Pyka, Darien, Pablo B. Costa, Jared W. Coburn, and Lee E. Brown. "Effects of Static, Stationary, and Traveling Trunk Exercises on Muscle Activation." International Journal of Kinesiology and Sports Science 5, no. 4 (October 31, 2017): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.7575/aiac.ijkss.v.5n.4p.26.
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Background: A new fitness trend incorporates stability exercises that challenges trunk muscles and introduces crawling as an exercise, but has yet to be investigated for muscle activity. Purpose: To compare the effects of static (STA), stationary (STN), and traveling (TRV) trunk exercises on muscle activation of the rectus abdominis, rectus femoris, external oblique, and erector spinae using surface electromyography (EMG). Methods: Seventeen recreationally active women (mean age ± SD = 22.4 ± 2.4 years, body mass 62.9 ± 6.9 kg, height 165.1 ± 5.8 cm) and twenty-three men (23.6 ±3.9 years, 83.2 ±17.1 kg, 177.1 ± 9.1 cm) volunteered to participate in this study. Subjects performed maximal voluntary contractions for normalization of each muscle’s EMG activity. They then performed the three exercises in random order for thirty seconds each with a two-minute rest in between. Results: For the rectus abdominis, STA was significantly lower than STN (P = 0.003) and TRV (P = 0.001). For the external oblique, STA was significantly lower than STN (P = 0.001) and TRV (P = 0.001) and STN was significantly greater than TRV (P = 0.009). For the erector spinae and rectus femoris, STA was significantly lower than STN (P = 0.001) and TRV (P = 0.001) Conclusions: There was greater muscle activation in all muscles tested in the stationary and traveling exercises versus the static. Strength and conditioning coaches and allied health professionals could potentially use stationary and traveling forms of trunk stabilization exercises as a viable strategy to increase muscle activation.
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Lee, Jin Hyuck, Ki-Mo Jang, Eunseon Kim, Hye Chang Rhim, and Hyeong-Dong Kim. "Static and Dynamic Quadriceps Stretching Exercises in Patients With Patellofemoral Pain: A Randomized Controlled Trial." Sports Health: A Multidisciplinary Approach 13, no. 5 (February 20, 2021): 482–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1941738121993777.
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Background: Limited data are available on the effect of stretching exercise in patients with patellofemoral pain (PFP) who have inflexible quadriceps, which is one of the various causes of PFP syndrome. This study compares quadriceps flexibility, strength, muscle activation time, and patient-reported outcomes after static and dynamic quadriceps stretching exercises in patients with PFP who had inflexible quadriceps. Hypothesis: Quadriceps flexibility and strength, muscle activation time, and patient-reported outcomes would improve with dynamic quadriceps stretching as compared with static quadriceps stretching exercises. Study Design: Randomized controlled trial. Level of Evidence: Level 2. Methods: Of the 44 patients included in the study, 20 performed static stretching and 24 performed dynamic stretching. Quadriceps flexibility was assessed by measuring the knee flexion angle during knee flexion in the prone position (the Ely test). Muscle strength and muscle activation time were measured using an isokinetic device. The patient-reported outcomes were evaluated using the visual analogue scale for pain and anterior knee pain scale. Results: No significant differences in quadriceps flexibility and strength, muscle activation time, and patient-reported outcomes in the involved knees were found between the 2 groups ( P values > 0.05). Conclusion: Quadriceps flexibility and strength, muscle activation time, and patient-reported outcomes in patients with PFP who had inflexible quadriceps showed no significant differences between the static and dynamic quadriceps stretching exercise groups. Clinical Relevance: Both static and dynamic stretching exercises may be effective for improving pain and function in patients with PFP who have inflexible quadriceps.
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Kerroum, Mohamed Arab, and Mohammed Zerf. "Types of Classroom Chair Stretch Exercises and their Feasibility and Potential to Structure the Recommend Classroom-Based Physical Activity Break Primary Programs." Acta Facultatis Educationis Physicae Universitatis Comenianae 60, no. 2 (November 1, 2020): 229–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/afepuc-2020-0019.
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SummaryThis pilot study tests the significance of a classroom chair stretch exercises types and their feasibility and potential to structure the optional classrooms Based Physical Activity Break Primary Programs (ABC-PA).Materials and methods. To achieve this goal, we proposed two chair stretch exercises ABC-PA programs, one with sit-to-stand chair exercises and other without sit-to-stand chair exercises. Applied for 4-weeks among 90 children, five grade levels, 45 in each division during the academic years 2017-2018. Controlled by components of Fitness Gram health-related physical fitness, before and after 4-weeks of the research project to establish the superiority of the two models proposed.Results. To admit study ABC-PA protocols, and statistics performed. Our outcomes confirmed sit-to-stand as the recommended exercise to structure the optional classroom-based physical activity breaks routine intervention.Conclusions. We approved the sit-to-stand as a powerful chair exercise able to enhance cardiovascular endurance, muscle strength, muscular endurance, flexibility, maintenance of body composition and reduction of prolonged class daily time sittings. More efficacy are the sit-downs noticed in this study as prolonged static stretch able to improve static flexibility but without changes in classrooms sedentary routine.
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Slauterbeck, James R., Autumn Reilly, Pamela M. Vacek, Rebecca Choquette, Timothy W. Tourville, Bert Mandelbaum, Robert J. Johnson, and Bruce D. Beynnon. "Characterization of Prepractice Injury Prevention Exercises of High School Athletic Teams." Sports Health: A Multidisciplinary Approach 9, no. 6 (October 6, 2017): 511–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1941738117733981.
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Background: Static and dynamic exercises are performed before activity to decrease injury risk and increase performance. Although evidence supports using dynamic over static stretching and performing Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA) 11+ as a dynamic prepractice routine, we do not know the frequency at which these exercises are utilized in high school populations. Hypothesis: We hypothesize that there is a wide variety of preparticipation exercises performed by high school athletes, and that few high school teams perform FIFA 11+ as an injury prevention program in its entirety. Study Design: Observational study. Level of Evidence: Level 4. Methods: High school prepractice routines were observed for 185 teams (football, soccer, basketball, and lacrosse) over 1 season. The percentages of team warm-up routines that included components of FIFA 11+ were calculated, and the chi-square test was used to compare sex, sport, and level of competition. Results: Of a total 644 warm-up observations, 450 (69.9%) included only non–FIFA 11+ exercises, 56 (8.7%) included at least 1 FIFA 11+ exercise, and 38 (5.9%) included only jogging; 69 (10.6%) consisted only of sport-specific activities. The type of warm-up differed significantly between males and females ( P = 0.002), sports ( P < 0.001), and level of competition ( P < 0.001). Static stretching and athletes stretching on their own were observed in 14% and 15% of all observations. No team performed the FIFA 11+ injury prevention routine in its entirety. Conclusion: The type of warm-up differed by sex, sport, and level of competition. Static stretching was performed more frequently than anticipated, and an entire FIFA 11+ warm-up was never performed. Clinical Relevance: We need to identify the exercises that decrease injury and increase performance and better inform the athletic population about the risks and benefits of static and dynamic warm-up programs.
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Kutzner, Mickey, and Andrew Kutzner. "A Progression of Static Equilibrium Laboratory Exercises." Physics Teacher 51, no. 7 (October 2013): 430–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1119/1.4820861.
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Vakhitov, B. I., I. S. Raginov, I. H. Vakhitov, R. A. Bodrova, and A. V. Izosimova. "Features of electromyographic changes in patients with upper limb lesions during various exercise types performance." Bulletin of Restorative Medicine 96, no. 2 (April 24, 2020): 54–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.38025/2078-1962-2020-96-2-54-58.
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For the first time in clinical conditions a study was carried out for estimation of average amplitude (AA-EMG) and frequency of oscillations repetitions parameters during dynamic and static exercises performance. We found that in healthy individuals EMG amplitude depends on the character of physical exercises performed. The largest EMG amplitude was registered when performing static exercises. It was found that in acute stroke patients, while performing flexion and extension of fingers, low-amplitude EMG activity was registered stretched for entire movement cycle without a clear peak of extremum. When performing static exercises, the amplitude and frequency of EMG oscillations changed significantly in a positive way.
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Borms, Dorien, Annelies Maenhout, and Ann M. Cools. "Incorporation of the Kinetic Chain Into Shoulder-Elevation Exercises: Does It Affect Scapular Muscle Activity?" Journal of Athletic Training 55, no. 4 (April 1, 2020): 343–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4085/1062-6050-136-19.
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Context Scapular rehabilitation exercises should focus on selective activation of weaker muscles and minimal activation of hyperactive muscles. For rehabilitation of overhead athletes, single-plane open chain exercises below 90° of shoulder elevation are often recommended. Moreover, incorporating the kinetic chain in shoulder rehabilitation exercises is advised and has been suggested to influence scapular muscle activity levels. Objective To study the influence of kinetic chain incorporation during 5 variations of a shoulder-elevation exercise on scapular muscle activity. Design Cross-sectional study. Setting University laboratory. Patients or Other Participants Thirty-one asymptomatic participants (15 men, 16 women). Main Outcome Measure(s) The electromyographic activity of the upper (UT), middle (MT), and lower (LT) trapezius, and serratus anterior was determined during 5 variations of bilateral elevation with external rotation: (1) open-hand position (reference exercise), (2) closed-hand position, (3) dynamic bipedal squat, (4) static unipedal squat, and (5) dynamic unipedal squat on the contralateral leg. All data were normalized as a percentage of maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC). Results A closed-hand position (exercise 2) instead of an open-hand position (exercise 1) resulted in lower MT (mean difference = 3.44% MVIC) and LT (mean difference = 7.76% MVIC) activity. Incorporating the lower limb (exercises 3–5) increased UT activity when compared with exercise 1 (mean differences = 3.67, 2.68, 5.02% MVIC, respectively), which in general resulted in increased UT : MT ratios. Additionally, LT activity decreased when a dynamic unipedal squat was added (mean difference: 4.90% MVIC). For the serratus anterior, the greatest activity occurred during elevation in a static unipedal squat position (exercise 4, 22.90% MVIC). Conclusions Incorporating the kinetic chain during shoulder-elevation exercises influenced scapular muscle activity and ratios. In particular, incorporating the lower limb resulted in more UT activity, whereas the open-hand position increased MT and LT activity.
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Qin, Yuan, Weiyi Xia, Wei Huang, Jing Zhang, Yi Zhao, and Min Fang. "The Beneficial Effect of Traditional Chinese Exercises on the Management of Obesity." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2020 (October 1, 2020): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/2321679.
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This paper systematically reviewed the clinical update of traditional Chinese exercises in the treatment of simple obesity in recent years and discussed their specific advantages in this aspect. This review focused on several typical traditional Chinese exercises, namely, Tai Chi, Ba Duan Jin, Yi Jin Jing, Wu Qin Xi, Shaolin Neigong, and Liu Zi Jue, which all showed clinical beneficial effect on the treatment of simple obesity with their own characteristics. To optimize the clinical therapeutic effect of these traditional Chinese exercises, we need to seek the most appropriate exercise or the combo exercise based on the characteristics of different obese population, to improve the efficiency of weight loss, reduce sports injury, and consolidate the therapeutic effect. In the future, we need to further evaluate the efficacy of sitting exercise, lying exercise, and static training in the treatment of simple obesity, subdivide the treatment population, and explore the working mechanism of these traditional Chinese exercises.
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Abbasi, Muhammad Shahrukh, Syed Abid Mehdi Kazmi, and Nabeel Baig. "EFFECTIVENESS OF SHORT ARC AND ISOMETRIC QUADRICEPS EXERCISES ON PAIN, MUSCLE ACTIVITY AND HEALTH RELATED QUALITY OF LIFE IN PATIENTS WITH ANTERIOR KNEE PAIN." Pakistan Journal of Rehabilitation 9, no. 1 (November 24, 2020): 41–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.36283/pjr.zu.9.1/006.
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ABSTRACT AIMS & OBJECTIVES The aim of this study is to evaluate and compare the effects of Short-Arc and Isometric Quadriceps exercises on Quadriceps strength and health related quality of life among Anterior Knee pain patients by using EMG biofeedback. METHODOLOGY Total 80 participants were recruited and randomly distributed in two groups; A and B. Individuals in group A performed isometric quadriceps exercise while group B participants performed short-arc exercise for 1st, 6th and 8th week along with a home exercise programme. Pre and post treatment assessment was performed using EMG Biofeedback, VAS, and KUJALA scoring questionnaire. Statistically, data was analysed using SPSS version 20. RESULTS After 8 weeks, EMG Biofeedback revealed the higher effectiveness short-arc exercises with value 88.20mv ± 6.64 comparing isometric quadriceps exercises. Moreover, Wilcoxon rank test revealed statistically significant improvement in VAS score with p-value <0.05. Furthermore, KUJALA score also advocated the effectiveness of short-arc exercises with statistically significant values (p-value < 0.05). CONCLUSION The study concluded the effectiveness of Short-arc quadriceps exercises comparing to static-quadriceps exercises in improving muscles strength, pain and health related quality of life after 8 weeks of intervention.
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Lievens, Filip, Etienne Van Keer, and Ellen Volckaert. "Gathering Behavioral Samples Through a Computerized and Standardized Assessment Center Exercise." Journal of Personnel Psychology 9, no. 2 (January 2010): 94–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1866-5888/a000010.
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Although computerization and standardization might make assessment center (AC) exercises easier to administer and score, drawbacks are that most of such exercises have a static and multiple-choice format. This study reports on the development and initial validation of a computerized and standardized AC exercise that simulates key managerial tasks. This AC exercise capitalizes not only on the benefits of computerization and standardization (efficiency and cost savings) but at the same time aims to avoid their usual drawbacks (lower response fidelity and interactivity). The composite exercise score was significantly related to several criteria of interest and had incremental validity beyond cognitive ability. The exercise was also significantly related to candidates’ people management competencies.
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Czaprowski, Dariusz, Justyna Leszczewska, Aleksandra Kolwicz, Paulina Pawłowska, Agnieszka Kędra, Aleksandras Kriščiūnas, Juozas Raistenskis, and Ireneusz Kowalski. "The Influence of Self-Stretching Based on Postisometrical Relaxation, Static Stretching Combined with Stabilizing Exercises, and Stabilizing Exercises Only on the Flexibility of One-Joint and Two-Joint Hip Flexors." Medicina 49, no. 10 (November 4, 2013): 69. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina49100069.
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Background and Objective. The limitations of muscle flexibility are a common dysfunction of the musculoskeletal system. Therefore, various therapeutic techniques are used in rehabilitation programs to increase their flexibility. The aim of this prospective, randomized, single-blind study was to evaluate the changes in the flexibility of hip flexors in children who participated in a 6-week therapeutic program consisting of one physiotherapy session per week with a physiotherapist and daily home exercises. Material and Methods. A total of 94 children aged 10–13 years were randomly assigned to 3 experimental groups: postisometrical relaxation group (PIR group), static stretching combined with stabilizing exercise group (SE/SS group), and stabilizing exercise group (SS group). To assess the flexibility of one- and two-joint hip flexors, the modified Thomas test was used. The examination was conducted by blinded observers. Results. A significant improvement in the flexibility of one-joint hip flexors was documented in all 3 groups (P<0.01). The flexibility of two-joint hip flexors increased significantly only in the SS/SE group (P<0.05). After the program, the highest range of motion of the hip extension (test for one-joint hip flexors) was recorded in the SS/SE group (20.6°±4.5°), and it was significantly greater than in the SE group (16.6°±4.0°, P<0.05). There were no significant differences in the knee flexion (test for two-joint hip flexors) among all 3 groups (P>0.05). Conclusions. The 6-week therapeutic program regardless of the technique applied (postisometrical muscle relaxation, static stretching with stabilizing exercises, and stabilizing exercises only) resulted in the increased flexibility of one-joint hip flexors. Only static stretching combined with stabilizing exercises led to a significant increase in the flexibility of two-joint hip flexors.
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Sever, Ozan. "Comparison of static and dynamic core exercises’ effects on Stork balance test in soccer players Futbolcularda statik ve dinamik core egzersizlerin Stork denge testine etkisi." Journal of Human Sciences 14, no. 2 (May 17, 2017): 1781. http://dx.doi.org/10.14687/jhs.v14i2.4440.
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This study compared the effects of dynamic and static core training programs on core stability tests and Stork balance performance in soccer players. A Static (n = 14, 18,21±1,81) and Dynamic (n = 13, 17,31±0,63) training groups performed three 30 min sessions per week for eight weeks meanwhile attended routine soccer training sessions with a control group (n = 11, 17,73±1,27). Effects of different core training regimes were compared after eight weeks with two-factor variance analysis (condition X time) for related measures. Two experiment groups improved dynamic and static core stabilization test scores, while control group did not change. Core stabilization tests showed that the improvements of experiment groups affected by the movement specifity and Static group increased static test scores (plank 23,8% - back isometric 28,9% - leg raise 15,6%) while Dynamic group increased mostly the dynamic test scores (sit-up 21,2%, push up 16,2%). For Stork balance, both experiment groups improved the test scores between %18 and %67. While the Static group increased the duration of Stork test on both feet more than the Dynamic group, this difference was statistically significant only for non-dominant foot in intergroup analysis. The static structure of the Stork test may explain the significant improvement in static core group. Results indicate that the positive effect of core training on core stability may improve balance and static core training may be more effective for static balance tests.Extended English abstract is in the end of PDF (TURKISH) file. ÖzetBu çalışmanın amacı, 8 haftalık statik ve dinamik core egzersizlerin futbolcularda core stabilizasyon ve Stork denge performansı üzerine etkisini karşılaştırmaktır. Toplam 38 sporcu (17,75±1,36) Dinamik (n=13, 17,31±0,63), Statik (n=14, 18,21±1,81) ve Kontrol (n=11, 17,73±1,27) grupları olarak üç gruba ayrıldı. Statik ve Dinamik egzersiz grupları 8 hafta, haftada 3 gün, günde yaklaşık 30 dakika statik ya da dinamik egzersizler uygularken, buna karşın kontrol grubu yalnızca futbol antrenmanları gerçekleştirdi. Verilerin analizinde ilişkili ölçümler için iki faktörlü varyans analizi kullanıldı. Tüm core stabilizasyon testlerinde deney grupları anlamlı gelişme görüldü. Kontrol grubunda değişme görülmedi. Gelişmenin hareketin spesifikliğinden etkilendiği, Statik grubun statik test skorlarını daha fazla arttırdığı (plank 23,8% - sırt izometrik 28,9%- bacak kaldırma 15,6%), Dinamik grubun ise dinamik testlerde skorları daha fazla arttırdığı (şınav 16,2% - mekik 21,2%) görüldü. Benzer şekilde, iki deney grubu Stork denge testinde her iki ayak için denge süresini % 18 ile% 67 arasında artırdı. Ama kontrol grubu değişmedi. Statik grup her iki ayak içinde dengede kalma süresini Dinamik gruba göre daha fazla arttırırken, gruplar arası analizde non-dominant ayak ölçümünde bu farklılık istatistiksel olarak anlamlılık g. Denge ölçümünün statik yapıda olması, Statik gruptaki yüksek gelişimi açıklayabilir. Sonuç olarak; dinamik ve statik core egzersizler ile artan core stabilizasyonun statik denge üzerinde olumlu etkisi olduğu tespit edildi. Ancak statik core çalışmalarının statik denge performansı için daha etkili olduğu söylenebilir.
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Rodríguez-Mansilla, Juan, Abel Mejías-Gil, Elisa María Garrido-Ardila, María Jiménez-Palomares, Jesús Montanero-Fernández, and María Victoria González-López-Arza. "Effects of Non-Pharmacological Treatment on Pain, Flexibility, Balance and Quality of Life in Women with Fibromyalgia: A Randomised Clinical Trial." Journal of Clinical Medicine 10, no. 17 (August 26, 2021): 3826. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm10173826.
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Background: The functional deficits in people with fibromyalgia can be related to the level of physical activity performed. This study investigated the effectiveness of an active exercise programme versus exercise for well-being improving pain, flexibility, static balance, perceived exertion and quality of life of women with fibromyalgia; Methods: A randomised, single-blind, controlled trial was conducted. A total of 141 of women diagnosed with fibromyalgia were enrolled and randomised to an active exercise program group (n = 47), where they performed physical active exercises, an exercise for well-being group (n = 47), which performed the Qi Gong exercises named ‘the twenty Wang Ziping figures for health and longevity’, and a control group (n = 47), which did not receive any intervention, for a period of 4 weeks. Measures were taken at baseline and after the treatment. The primary outcome measures were static balance and centre of gravity (Wii-Fit Nintendo ©), flexibility (test de Wells and Dillon), pain (Visual Analogue Scale) and quality of life (Spanish-Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire). The secondary outcome measure was the perceived exertion during activity (BORG Scale). Results: In total, 93 participants completed the study. The mean value of the age was 52.24 ± 6.19. The post intervention results showed statistically significant improvements in the exercise for well-being and the active exercise programme groups vs. the control group in relation to pain (p = 0.006 active exercise programme group, p = 0.001 exercise for well-being group), static balance (p < 0.001 active exercise programme group) and quality of life (p < 0.001 active exercise programme group, p = 0.002 exercise for well-being group). In addition, the mean scores related to perceived fatigue during the sessions were 6.30 ± 1.88 for the active exercise programme group and 5.52 ± 1.55 for the exercise for well-being group. These differences were not significant. Conclusions: The active exercise program and exercise for well-being improved flexibility, static balance, pain and quality of life of women with fibromyalgia. The participants of the active exercise programme achieved better results that those of the exercise for well-being.
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Dizdar, Meltem, Jale Fatma Irdesel, Oguzhan Sıtkı Dizdar, and Mine Topsaç. "Effects of Balance-Coordination, Strengthening, and Aerobic Exercises to Prevent Falls in Postmenopausal Patients With Osteoporosis: A 6-Month Randomized Parallel Prospective Study." Journal of Aging and Physical Activity 26, no. 1 (January 1, 2018): 41–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/japa.2016-0284.
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Osteoporosis is a systemic disease characterized by the increase of bone fragility and fracture risk. Postmenopausal female osteoporotic patients were randomized into three groups: balance and coordination, strengthening, and aerobic exercise. The exercise programs were performed for 12 weeks, 1 hr each day for 3 days of the week. Patients were followed-up for 12 weeks after the initial intervention. After the exercise program, patients continued their daily life activities and were called back to the clinic for additional testing after 12 weeks. Static and dynamic balance measurements and pain and life quality assessments were performed at enrollment, and at the 12th and 24th weeks. Significant improvements in both the Timed Up and Go test and Berg Balance Scale values at the 12th week were only observed in the balance-coordination group. There were statistically significant improvements in night and daytime pain visual analog scale scores at the 12th and 24th weeks in the strengthening exercise group. No patient experienced falling during the 24th week follow-up. The strengthening exercises were observed to be more effective in pain reduction, and balance and coordination exercises were found to be more effective in improvement of static and dynamic balance.
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Mani, Ece, Berkiye Kirmizigil, and Emine Handan Tüzün. "Effects of two different stretching techniques on proprioception and hamstring flexibility: a pilot study." Journal of Comparative Effectiveness Research 10, no. 13 (September 2021): 987–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.2217/cer-2021-0040.
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Aim: This study aimed to compare the immediate and long-term effect of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) contract–relax–antagonist–contract (CRAC) exercises versus static stretching on proprioception and flexibility in males with hamstring shortness. Patients & methods: Knee extension angle test was used to measure flexibility and isokinetic dynamometer to evaluate proprioception. Assessments were evaluated at baseline, after first exercise and eighth week. The hamstring stretching was applied 3 days a week for 8 weeks. Results: Flexibility and position sense were similar in the immediate and long term (p > 0.05). However, the motion sense increased significantly in long term within the PNF CRAC group (p = 0.02). Conclusion: Both stretching exercises are effective for improving flexibility. Moreover, PNF CRAC improved motion sense more than static stretching in the long term. Clinical trial registration number: NCT04026646 .
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Tumonytė, Gerda, Roma Aleksandravičienė, and Kristina Zaičenkovienė. "EFFECT OF PILATES METHOD ON 6–10-YEAR-OLD DANCESPORT DANCERS’ PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSES." Baltic Journal of Sport and Health Sciences 2, no. 109 (2018): 41–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.33607/bjshs.v2i109.196.
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Background. Dancesport dancers were investigated aiming at improving their physical qualities, posture, balance, flexibility and endurance. Undoubtedly, the Pilates method is one of the best ways for exercising one’s core muscles and flexibility. However, there is a lack of data in the academic literature concerning the influence of Pilates exercises on dancers’ fitness levels depending on different age groups and ranking. Based on this, the aim of our study was to evaluate the 16-week Pilates exercise effects on 6–10-year-old Dancesport dancers’ physiological responses. Methods. The static deep trunk muscle endurance was tested with pressure measuring device “Stabilizer”, flexibility was assessed using “Sit and Reach” test, static balance – “Flamingo” test and dynamic balance – “Star” excursion test. Research participants were Dancesport dancers (n = 38) who had been practising Pilates (13 girls and 7 boys) and attending a usual dance program (11 girls and 7 boys). Results. After 16 weeks, dancers who had been practicing Pilates method significantly improved static and dynamic deep trunk muscle endurance in all positions, static and dynamic balance and flexibility. The dancers that practiced a usual dance program significantly improved static deep muscle endurance only in the prone position, dynamic in the supine position, but their dynamic balance, static balance and flexibility did not change significantly. Conclusion. Better improvement in 6–10-year-old Dancesport dancers of deep trunk muscle endurance, balance and flexibility was found after 16 weeks of Pilates exercises compared to dancers who practised a usual dance program.
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Maria da Silva, Neildja, Monalisa Silva de França, Dellis Kariny Freitas Holanda de Almeida, Evelin Suyany Guedes de Lima, Vinícius Hugley Brito dos Santos, João Victor de Araújo Souza, Ana Rodriguez Larrad, Débora de Almeida Aloise, and Núbia Maria Freire Vieira Lima. "Effects of a Multicomponent Exercise Program on Groups of Community-Dwelling Older Adults with Low Schooling: A Pilot Study." Journal of Aging Research 2021 (June 3, 2021): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/8829332.
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The aim of this study was to analyze the effects of a multicomponent exercise program on the physical and hemodynamic functions of community-dwelling older adults with low schooling levels in relation to simple multicomponent group exercises. Twenty-one older people were randomly assigned to two groups: G1 (n = 11) and G2 (n = 10); sixteen of whom completed the sixteen sessions over a six-week period, three times a week. During eight sessions, G1 performed adapted dual-task multicomponent exercises (strengthening, balance, and cognition) and G2 simple multicomponent exercises (strengthening and balance), and both groups engaged in eight additional sessions of simple multicomponent exercises. The dual-task multicomponent exercises exhibited similar effects to those of their simple multicomponent counterparts. The older adults from both groups improved mobility, frailty, static postural control, balance, and hemodynamic stability. The adapted program was beneficial to the community-dwelling older people with low schooling in the group intervention.
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Feshki, Fatemeh, Abdolali Banaeifar, and Mehdi Kasbparast. "The Effects of a 6-Week Selected Balance and Cawthorne-Cooksey Exercises on Static Balance and Mobility in Female Patients With Multiple Sclerosis." Physical Treatments - Specific Physical Therapy 10, no. 3 (July 1, 2020): 169–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.32598/ptj.10.3.449.1.
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Purpose: This quasi-experimental and applied research was conducted in 2019. The statistical population of this study included female patients with Multiple Sclerosis (MS) who were members of the Iranian MS Association. Methods: The study subjects were selected among those with a moderate level of disability (between grades 2 & 5). From the statistical population, initially, 60 individuals were selected by a simple and accessible method; however, for some reason, some samples dropped out during the research. In total, 14, 15, and 19 individuals included the balance, Cawthorne-Cooksey, and control groups, respectively. They were selected based on the study inclusion and exclusion criteria. The three groups were evaluated for static balance by the stork test; then, their mobility was measured by the Timed Up and Go (TUG) test at the pretest phase. Next, the two experimental groups performed the exercises for 6 weeks and 3 sessions per week. Besides, at the end of the exercise protocol, the three groups conducted the mentioned test again at the posttest step. To compare the between-groups data at the posttest, one-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and Least Significant Difference (LSD) test were used to compare the differences between the research groups at a significance level 0.05. Results: The present research results indicated that the balance and Cawthorne-Cooksey exercises performed in the experimental groups revealed statistically significant changes in the two studied factors (both P=0.001). Moreover, the LSD test results signified that in the mobility test, there was a significant difference between the control group and balance exercises group (P=0.001) and the control group and Cawthorne-Cooksey exercises group (P=0.001). Additionally, in the static balance test, a significant difference was observed between the control group and balance exercises group (P=0.003) and the control group and Cawthorne-Cooksey exercises group (P=0.001). Finally, it was revealed that female patients with MS presented better balance and mobility after performing the exercise sessions. Conclusion: The obtained data suggested that specialists could use the explored selected balance exercises and Cawthorne-Cooksey exercises to improve balance and mobility in patients with MS.
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Mukhametov, Nail. "APPLICATION OF STATIC EXERCISES IN CLASSES ON PHYSICAL EDUCATION." Interexpo GEO-Siberia 5 (2019): 256–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.33764/2618-981x-2019-5-256-258.
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In modern society, in order to improve the quality of educational process, it is necessary to form a sustainable motivation to engage in physical education and sports. A methodically correctl lesson, the content of which includes modern approaches and innovative techniques using an individual approach, will undoubtedly contribute to the formation of students' motivation for a healthy lifestyle and physical education. The article discusses the basic static exercises that can be included both in the general structure of the lesson and used independently. Classification of static exercises is also presented.
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Seyed jafari, Ehsan, Mansour Sahebozamani, Ramin Beyranvand, Ehsan Ebrahimipour, and Mahbobeh Razavi. "The effect of 8 weeks deep-aquatic exercises on static balance and lower body strength among elderly men." International Journal of Applied Exercise Physiology 6, no. 1 (April 28, 2017): 86–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.22631/ijaep.v6i1.115.
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Back ground: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of deep aquatic exercises on lower body strength and balance among elderly men.
Methods: Thirty elderly men over 65 years old were randomly divided into two equal groups including experimental and control groups. Experimental group participated in a deep aquatic exercise program that consisted of 60-minute sessions three times a week for 8 weeks while control group had no plan of exercise. Muscle strength and balance was assessed before and after the program as pre and post-test by HHD (Hand-Held Dynamometer) and BBS (Biodex Balance System) respectively. Repeated measures two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed on outcome variables.(p≥0.05).
Results: deep aquatic exercises promoted significant increases in the elderly men's muscle strength and balance, as assessed using HHD (p< 0.001) and the BBS (p< 0.001).
Conclusion: The present deep-aquatic exercise training for the elderly are able to improve the muscle strength and static balance.
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Utomo, Endrat Kartiko, and Erna Rochmawati. "Effect of Intradialytic Exercise on Haemodialysis Adequacy." Jurnal Keperawatan 10, no. 1 (March 24, 2019): 38. http://dx.doi.org/10.22219/jk.v10i1.6379.
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People with kidney failure should have hemodialysis therapy to survive. The effectiveness of hemodialysis therapy can be measured by calculating the value of dialysis adequacy: Kt/V and URR values. Intradialytic exercise is an exercise that can improve of dialysis adequacy. The purpose of this review is to report the results of related research on the effect of intradialytic exercise on dialysis adequacy. Relevant articles were search in PubMed, Science Direct and Google Scholar using this keywords intradialytic exercise and dialysis adequacy. Results: 12 articles ware included in the review and found various intradialytic exercises, intradialytic training time and length of intradialytic training. Exercises that can improve the adequacy of dialysis are static bike exercises, airogym and aerobics. While exercise resistance decreases the value of dialysis adequacy. We also found that the initial adequacy varied. Discussion: mild exercise can increase dialysis adequacy, in the first two hours of dialysis and minimum exercise was conducted two month. Currently no literature that recommend type and length of intradialytic exercise. Conclusion: intradialytic exercise can increase the value of dialysis adequacy, although it has increased, the mean value of adequacy before exercise is above standard. To confirm these findings, further research is needed to conducted exercise ware the value of adequacy under standard values.
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Miller, John P., Daniel Sedory, and Ronald V. Croce. "Vastus Medialis Obliquus and Vastus Lateralis Activity in Patients with and without Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome." Journal of Sport Rehabilitation 6, no. 1 (May 1997): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jsr.6.1.1.
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The purpose of this study was to examine the efficacy of closed kinetic chain exercises in preferentially recruiting the oblique fibers of the vastus medialis obliquus (VMO). Fifteen athletically active females, 6 with patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS) and 9 without PFPS, performed two isometric and two dynamic closed kinetic chain exercises. The isometric exercises were a static lunge with 30° of knee flexion (SL@30°) and with 70° of knee flexion (SL@70°). The dynamic exercises were a step-up/step-down exercise (SUSD) and a modified wall slide (MWS). Selective recruitment of the VMO occurred during the MWS (p <.05) and the SUSD in the subjects without PFPS (p <.05). For the SL@70° (p <.01), the MWS (p <.01), and the SUSD (p <.05), subjects with PFPS had greater activity of the vastus lateralis (VL), resulting in a lower VMO: VL ratio for those exercises (p < .05). It was concluded that the closed kinetic chain exercises examined in this study do not preferentially recruit the VMO in individuals with PFPS. In addition, individuals with PFPS have a lower VMO:VL ratio during these exercises compared to individuals without PFPS.
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Modesto, Paulo Cesar, and Fernando Campos Gomes Pinto. "Home physical exercise program: analysis of the impact on the clinical evolution of patients with normal pressure hydrocephalus." Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria 77, no. 12 (December 2019): 860–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0004-282x20190183.
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ABSTRACT Objective: To present a program of home physical exercises for patients with normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH) and to evaluate adherence, acceptance and applicability; to verify possible changes in patients with NPH in the home physical exercise program, comparing patients with, and without, a ventriculoperitoneal shunt, regarding gait, quality of life, activities of daily living, static and dynamic balance and its impact on the risks of falling. Methods: This was a controlled clinical trial, with assessments in three moments (0, 10 and 18 weeks) at the home, from October 2015 to November 2017. Fifty-two patients (30 women and 22 men) participated in the study. Results: There was a statistically significant improvement with 10 weeks of home physical exercises for the groups with and without ventriculoperitoneal shunt, respectively, in the sub-items: activities of daily living p = 0.032*, p = 0.003*; static balance p < 0.001*, p < 0.001*; functional capacity p < 0.001*, p = 0.027*; and dynamic balance and gait p = 0.009*, p < 0.001*. There was no statistically significant difference for the subitems: quality of life p = 0.695, p = 1.000; and NPH grading scale p = 0.695, p = 1.000, respectively. Conclusion: The developed program of home physical exercise was easily applied and there was good acceptance by most patients with NPH included in the research. There was a statistically significant improvement with the 10 weeks of home physical exercises in the sub-items: activities of daily living, static balance and functional capacity, for both groups. In the sub-item dynamic balance and gait, there was a statistically significant improvement for both groups, but with a higher score for the group with a ventriculoperitoneal shunt. There was no statistically significant difference for the sub-items: quality of life, NPH grading scale and risk of falls, based on the Berg scale.
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Shulakova, Polina Aleksandrovna, Aleksandr Vladimirovich Voronkov, Brazhnik Ekaterina Andreevna, Kirichenko Aleksandr Yurievich, and Tyatykh Sergey Aleksandrovich. "STRETCHING TECHNIQUE FOR WOMEN 30-40 YEARS OLD." Chronos 6, no. 2(52) (February 13, 2021): 26–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.52013/2658-7556-52-2-7.
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The article presents a methodology for the development of flexibility in women 30-40 years old, which is based on a combination of stretching with breathing exercises and exercises for the development of static endurance.
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Jáuregui-Renaud, Kathrine, Laura Alejandra Villanueva Padrón, and Nora Silvia Cruz Gómez. "The effect of vestibular rehabilitation supplemented by training of the breathing rhythm or proprioception exercises, in patients with chronic peripheral vestibular disease." Journal of Vestibular Research 17, no. 1 (September 1, 2007): 63–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/ves-2007-17107.
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Objective: To assess the effect of performing vestibular rehabilitation using the Cawthorne & Cooksey exercises supplemented by training of the breathing rhythm or proprioception exercises on self-reported disability and postural control, in patients with chronic, peripheral, vestibular disease. Methods: Fifty one patients with peripheral vestibular disease and abnormal caloric test participated in the study (mean age 43 ± S.D. 9 years). They were assigned to one of 3 treatment groups: I. Cawthorne &} Cooksey exercises with training of the breathing rhythm (n = 17); II. Cawthorne & Cooksey exercises with proprioception exercises (n = 17) and III. Cawthorne & Cooksey exercises with no additional intervention (n = 17). The Dizziness Handicap Inventory and static posturography were evaluated prior to treatment and at week 8 of follow-up. Results: Prior to treatment, composite scores on the Dizziness Handicap Inventory and static posturography were similar in the 3 groups. After treatment, a decrease of the composite score of at least 18 points was observed more frequently in patients of the respiration group (94%), compared to the proprioception group (53%) and the Cawthorne & Cooksey group (70%) (p = 0.03); while the proprioception group showed a significant decrease of oscillation during all sensory conditions of static posturography (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The results suggest that regulation of the breathing pattern may have an influence on disability related to chronic vestibular disease, while proprioception exercises may improve postural control. However, further studies are needed to evaluate if training of the breathing rhythm could be an additional tool for vestibular rehabilitation.
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Duprez, D. A., L. K. Essandoh, P. M. Vanhoutte, and J. T. Shepherd. "Vascular responses in forearm and calf to contralateral static exercises." Journal of Applied Physiology 66, no. 2 (February 1, 1989): 669–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1989.66.2.669.
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Ten normal subjects performed a 90-s isometric exercise [20, 30, and 40% of maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) of the flexor muscle of the right index finger or quadriceps muscle of the right leg. Contralateral forearm and calf blood flows (strain gauge plethysmography) and arterial blood pressure (auscultation) were measured simultaneously. Each exercise caused a decrease in forearm vascular resistance and a progressive increase in calf resistance. These changes were greatest with the 40% MVC. With finger exercise at 20 and 40% MVC, the percentage decreases in forearm vascular resistance from control were 12.3 and 22.7%, respectively (P less than 0.01). Similar decreases (9.5 and 24.9%, respectively; P less than 0.01) were noted with exercise of the quadriceps muscle. By contrast, the corresponding increases in calf vascular resistance were greater (P less than 0.01) with quadriceps exercise (13.3 and 55.4%, respectively) than with finger exercise (6.0 and 36.0%). Arrest of the circulation to the exercising muscles just before the exercise ended caused an abrupt increase in forearm vascular resistance and a decrease in calf resistance. These studies provide further evidence of the heterogeneity of responses of forearm and calf resistance vessels to certain cardiovascular stimuli.
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MAIKALA, RAMMOHAN V., and YAGESH N. BHAMBHANI. "NEAR-INFRARED MONITORING OF THE LUMBAR ERECTOR SPINAE MUSCLE IN HEALTHY MEN AND WOMEN DURING STATIC AND DYNAMIC ENDURANCE WORK." Journal of Innovative Optical Health Sciences 04, no. 02 (April 2011): 173–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793545811001381.
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Understanding muscle hemodynamics using near-infrared spectroscopy is increasingly evident in the recent spinal disorders-related literature. However, none of these human studies addressed the issue of physiological limits for the lumbar muscle within the same participants during various exercise modes. The purpose of this study is to evaluate physiological limits for the lumbar muscle during dynamic and static endurance tests. On three separate days, 22 healthy men and women performed three endurance protocols (static prone trunk extension, arm cranking, and pushing–pulling) until volitional exhaustion. For each protocol, minimum and maximum oxygenation and blood volume responses from the right lumbar erector spinae were obtained using a continuous dual wavelength near-infrared spectroscopy (Micro-Runman, NIM Inc., PA, USA). Statistical analysis showed that greatest reduction in oxygenation (minimum) were obtained during dynamic exercises: pushing–pulling (2.1 times) and arm cranking (2.03 times) versus static test (P < 0.05). Physiological change (calculated as the difference between maximum during recovery and minimum at the point of volitional exhaustion) during static test was lower [(66–75% for oxygenation) and (34–46% for blood volume)] than dynamic exercises (P < 0.05). Contrary to the theory that sufficient occlusion of blood flow to the lumbar muscle is possible with static trunk extension, it was concluded that a dynamic protocol until volitional exhaustion might be a good alternative in establishing near-infrared spectroscopy-derived physiological limits to the lumbar muscle. Further research is essential to identify an optimal calibration procedure for establishing true hypoxic values for the human lumbar muscle.
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Rudenko, A. "Features of the physical rehabilitation program of preschool children with the consequences of hip joint dysplasia." Scientific Journal of National Pedagogical Dragomanov University. Series 15. Scientific and pedagogical problems of physical culture (physical culture and sports), no. 4(124) (September 4, 2020): 79–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.31392/npu-nc.series15.2020.4(124).16.
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The physical rehabilitation program was developed based on the previous clinical and instrumental screening of functional disorders of the hip joints, formed as a result of dysplasia in preschool children. This program included preventive and rehabilitation blocks. The first block was used during the year and included: morning hygienic gymnastics, exercise minutes and pauses, awakening gymnastics, self-massage, hardening procedures (water procedures, walking barefoot, air and sun baths), psycho-emotional unloading. The second block included therapeutic gymnastics (fitballs, roles Zelart Grid elastic band Thera-band, balancing platform (hemisphere) BOSU, balance discs, traverse walls Traverse, step platforms), hydrokinesiotherapy, moving games, therapeutic massage (local, general, hydromassage), physiotherapy, orthopedic facilities. The developed program provides for the implementation of a comprehensive approach to restoring the physical and functional state of the preschool ORA through the use of game, simulation, traction, relaxation, stretching, special power, breathing, corrective and various coordination exercises. There are a lot of features and benefits of the proposed program, such as many different types of physical exercises for the development of motor skills and motor training, conducting physical exercises in an imitation way, strict dosing and exercise control, purposefully load weakened muscle groups, which depend on the correction of physiological curves of the spine and other segments of the torso and limbs, to diversify each exercise and give it a playful color, stimulate the cardiorespiratory system, using static and dynamic breathing exercises in combination with swinging movements, increase the elasticity and flexibility of the joints of the spine and limbs, through traction exercises and exercises with full range of motion, to form a stereotype of the correct posture, actively using the positive psycho-emotional state of the child, to harmonize the state of the nervous system (processes of excitation and inhibition) due to the alternation of emotional game exercises, strength exercises with overcoming resistance and relaxation exercises, to motivate children to actively and systematically perform special physical exercises.
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Paeglitis, Alvis, Indulis Kukulis, Egils Eglitis, and Zinta Galeja. "Muscle Blood Supply During Prolonged Static Voluntary Contractions." LASE Journal of Sport Science 5, no. 1 (June 1, 2014): 7–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ljss-2016-0021.
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Abstract It is known that metabolic activity of muscle cells even in one separate muscle differs. If VO2 rate differs between muscle’s motor units, then blood flow through capillaries supplying muscle cells must be regulated according to their metabolic activity. The aim of this study was to evaluate muscle blood flow and compare it with active muscle cell metabolic activity during muscle prolonged static voluntary contraction with different contraction forces. In this study participated 37 healthy untrained people in age 24 – 36. Investigations were performed on the forearm muscles using hand grip exercises with 10% and 15% of maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) Volume blood flow in the forearm segment (I) and capillary filtration coefficient (CFC) were measured using venous occlusion plethysmographic device “KPOBOTOK-4”. VO2 and lactate delivery (La) were calculated from pO2 and lactate concentration arterio-venous differences and I in every controlled moment. pH and pO2 was measured using bioanaliser ABC-1”RADIOMETER”. Lactate concentration was measured using BIOSEN C-line “EKF diagnostic” device. During 10% MVC it was shown that I, VO2, La and CFC till the cessation of exercise caused by exhaustion which takes 42±1,1min stabilize on appropriate level not reaching maximal possible values. Increasing contraction force only for 5% it is to 15% MVC all examined parameters during exercise till exhaustion which takes 12±0,8 min, increases and at moment of cessation of exercise reaches their maximal values. Increasing of blood supply and VO2 during 15% MVC did not provide prolonged forearm contraction and exhaustion occurs more than 3 times quicker neither during 10% MVC.
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Shin, Ho-Jin, Jin-Hwa Jung, Sung-Hyeon Kim, Suk-Chan Hahm, and Hwi-young Cho. "A Comparison of the Transient Effect of Complex and Core Stability Exercises on Static Balance Ability and Muscle Activation during Static Standing in Healthy Male Adults." Healthcare 8, no. 4 (October 1, 2020): 375. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare8040375.
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Balance ability is a necessary exercise factor required for the activities of daily living. This study investigated the effects of short-term complex exercise (CE) and core stability exercise (CSE) on balance ability and trunk and lower-extremity muscle activation on healthy male adults. Twenty-nine healthy male adults were included. All performed CE and CSE for 1 min each; the exercise order was randomized. The primary and secondary outcomes were balance ability and muscle activation, respectively. In balance ability, CE showed a significant difference in all variables in both eye-opened and eye-closed conditions compared with the baseline (p < 0.05). In comparisons among exercises, the path length and average velocity variables showed a significant decrease in the eye-opened condition, and the path length variable showed a significant decrease in the eye-closed condition (p < 0.05). In muscle activation, CE showed a significant increase in the gluteus medius (Gmed) and decrease in the rectus femoris (RF), tibialis anterior (TA), and RF/biceps femoris (BF) ratio in the eye-opened condition compared to the baseline and a significant decrease in RF and RF/BF ratio in the eye-closed condition (p < 0.05). Both CE and CSE improved the static balance ability. Furthermore, muscle activation significantly increases in Gmed and decreases in the RF, TA, and RF/BF ratio. Therefore, we recommend including CE in an exercise program that has the purpose of improving static balance ability.
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Sá, Marcos A., Gabriel R. Neto, Pablo B. Costa, Thiago M. Gomes, Cláudio M. Bentes, Amanda F. Brown, and Jefferson S. Novaes. "Acute Effects of Different Stretching Techniques on the Number of Repetitions in A Single Lower Body Resistance Training Session." Journal of Human Kinetics 45, no. 1 (March 1, 2015): 177–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/hukin-2015-0018.
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Abstract This study aimed to investigate the acute effects of passive static and ballistic stretching on maximal repetition performance during a resistance training session (RTS). Nine male subjects underwent three experimental conditions: ballistic stretching (BS); passive static stretching (PSS); and a specific warm-up (SW). The RTS was composed of three sets of 12RM for the following exercises: leg press 45 (LP), leg extension (LE), leg curl (LC), and plantar flexors (PF). Performance of six sessions was assessed 48 hours apart. The first visit consisted of a familiarization session including stretching methods and exercises used in the RTS. On the second and third visit, a strength test and retest were performed. During the fourth to the sixth visit, the volunteers randomly performed the following protocols: BS+RTS; PSS+RTS; or SW+RTS. For the sum of the RM number of each three-set exercise, significant differences were found between PSS vs. SW for the LP (p = 0.001); LE (p = 0.005); MF (p = 0.001); and PF (p = 0.038). For the comparison between the methods of stretching PSS vs. BS, significant differences were found only for the FP (p = 0.019). When analyzing the method of stretching BS vs. SW, significant differences were found for the LP (p = 0.014) and MF (p = 0.002). For the total sum of the RM number of three sets of the four exercises that composed the RTS, significant differences were observed (p < 0.05) in the following comparisons: PPS vs. SW (p = 0.001), PPS vs. BS (p = 0.008), and BS vs. SW (p = 0.002). Accordingly, the methods of passive static and ballistic stretching should not be recommended before a RTS.
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Chwała, Wiesław, Agnieszka Koziana, Tadeusz Kasperczyk, Robert Walaszek, and Maciej Płaszewski. "Electromyographic Assessment of Functional Symmetry of Paraspinal Muscles during Static Exercises in Adolescents with Idiopathic Scoliosis." BioMed Research International 2014 (2014): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/573276.
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Background. The question of how to correct and rehabilitate scoliosis remains one of the most difficult problems of orthopaedics. Controversies continue to arise regarding various types of both symmetric and asymmetric scoliosis-specific therapeutic exercises.Objective. The aim of the present paper was to conduct an electromyographic assessment of functional symmetry of paraspinal muscles during symmetric and asymmetric exercises in adolescents with idiopathic scoliosis.Materials and Methods. The study was conducted in a group of 82 girls, mean age 12.4 ± 2.3 years with single- or double-major-idiopathic scoliosis, Cobb angle 24 ± 9.4°. The functional biopotentials during isometric work of paraspinal muscles in “at rest” position and during two symmetric and four asymmetric exercises were measured with the use of the Muscle Tester ME 6000 electromyograph.Results. In general, asymmetric exercises were characterised by larger differences in bioelectrical activity of paraspinal muscles, in comparison with symmetric exercises, both in the groups of patients with single-curve and double-curve scoliosis.Conclusion. During symmetric and asymmetric exercises, muscle tension patterns differed significantly in both groups, in comparison with the examination at rest, in most cases generating positive corrective patterns. Asymmetric exercises generated divergent muscle tension patterns on the convex and concave sides of the deformity.
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Chen, Che-Hsiu, Trevor C. Chen, Mei-Hwa Jan, and Jiu-Jenq Lin. "Acute Effects of Static Active or Dynamic Active Stretching on Eccentric-Exercise-Induced Hamstring Muscle Damage." International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance 10, no. 3 (April 2015): 346–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2014-0206.
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Objectives:To examine whether an acute bout of active or dynamic hamstring-stretching exercises would reduce the amount of muscle damage observed after a strenuous eccentric task and to determine whether the stretching protocols elicit similar responses.Design:A randomized controlled clinical trial.Methods:Thirty-six young male students performed 5 min of jogging as a warm-up and were allocated to 1 of 3 groups: 3 min of static active stretching (SAS), 3 min of dynamic active stretching (DAS), or control (CON). All subjects performed eccentric exercise immediately after stretching. Heart rate, core temperature, maximal voluntary isometric contraction, passive hip flexion, passive hamstring stiffness (PHS), plasma creatine kinase activity, and myoglobin were recorded at prestretching, at poststretching, and every day after the eccentric exercises for 5 d.Results:After stretching, the change in hip flexion was significantly higher in the SAS (5°) and DAS (10.8°) groups than in the CON (–4.1°) group. The change in PHS was significantly higher in the DAS (5.6%) group than in the CON (–5.7%) and SAS (–6.7%) groups. Furthermore, changes in muscle-damage markers were smaller in the SAS group than in the DAS and CON groups.Conclusions:Prior active stretching could be useful for attenuating the symptoms of muscle damage after eccentric exercise. SAS is recommended over DAS as a stretching protocol in terms of strength, hamstring range of motion, and damage markers.
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Akbari, Asghar, Fateme Ghiasi, Mohsen Mir, and Mohammad Hosseinifar. "The Effects of Balance Training on Static and Dynamic Postural Stability Indices After Acute ACL Reconstruction." Global Journal of Health Science 8, no. 4 (July 31, 2015): 68. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/gjhs.v8n4p68.
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<p><strong>BACKGROUND: </strong>Proprioception and postural stability play an important role in knee movements. However, there are controversies about the overall recovery time of proprioception following knee surgery and onset of balance and neuromuscular training after ACL reconstruction. Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate the effect of balance training in early stage of knee rehabilitation after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of balance exercises on postural stability indices in subjects with anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction.</p> <p><strong>METHODS: </strong>The study was a controlled randomized trial study. Twenty four patients who had ACL reconstructed (balance training group) and twenty four healthy adults without any knee injury (control group) were recruited in the study. The balance exercises group performed balance exercises for 2 weeks. Before and after the interventions, overall, anteroposterior, and mediolateral stability indices were measured with a Biodex Balance System in bilateral and unilateral stance positions with the eyes open and closed. T-tests were used for statistical analysis (p<0.05).</p> <p><strong>RESULTS:</strong> Results showed that amount of static stability indices did not change after training and there were not significant differences in static stability indices before and after balance training (p>0.05). Although amount of dynamic stability indices decreased, there were not significant differences in dynamic stability indices before and after balance training (p>0.05). Amount of dynamic stability indices were decreased in balance training group, however, there were not significant differences between groups (p>0.05).</p> <p><strong>CONCLUSION:</strong> These results support that balance exercise could partially improved dynamic stability indices in early stage of ACL reconstruction rehabilitation. The results of this study suggest that balance exercises should be part of the rehabilitation program following ACL reconstruction.</p>
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Musiyenko, O. V., L. V. Mykhats, and S. N. Budynkevych. "Determination of the functional state of the body using non-traditional research methods when performing the static exercise: "Prone press ups, static top position" (Cobra)." Health, sport, rehabilitation 6, no. 1 (June 6, 2020): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.34142/hsr.2020.06.01.05.
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<p><strong>The aim</strong> of the work was to determine the electrical activity of the skin when performing a static exercise "Prone press ups, static top position (Cobra) ".</p><p><strong>Material and methods</strong>. Investigation of the effect of the selected static exercise was performed using the method of determining the electrical conductivity of representative points of the human body. Ten female students of 18-20 years who perfectly mastered the technique of performing the exercise were surveyed. The measurements were performed during, after and after 6 minutes.</p><p><strong>Results.</strong> Significant changes in indicators of electrical activity in representative points of the human body were revealed. Selected static exercise has a significant impact on the functional state of the person: according to Chinese folk medicine, stimulates the body points corresponding to the acupuncture meridians according to the classification of Chinese medicine cardiovascular, lymphatic and immune systems, colon and submucosa, mucosa spleen, small intestine.</p><p><strong>Conclusions</strong>. During the study of the effect of static exercise, it was found that the increase of electrical activity of the human body points, which, according to the literature, are responsible for the functions of the respiratory, cardiovascular, lymphatic and immune systems, the large intestine. This exercise also causes a decrease in electrical activity at representative points of the liver, stomach, and inhibits the activity of the small intestine, spleen, and pancreas. It is possible to propose the use of methods for determining the activity of human body points for the study of the influence of static exercises on the human body, along with other generally accepted scientific methods.</p>
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Zakas, Athanasios, George Doganis, Christos Galazoulas, and Efstratios Vamvakoudis. "Effect of Acute Static Stretching Duration on Isokinetic Peak Torque in Pubescent Soccer Players." Pediatric Exercise Science 18, no. 2 (May 2006): 252–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/pes.18.2.252.
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Although athletes routinely perform warm-up and stretching exercises, it has been suggested that prolonged stretching immediately before an activity might negatively affect the force production. Sixteen male pubescent soccer players participated in the study to examine whether a routine duration of acute static stretching is responsible for losses in isokinetic peak torque production. All participants performed two static stretching protocols in nonconsecutive training sessions. The first stretching protocol was performed three times for 15 s (volume 45) and the second 20 times for 15 s (volume 300). Range of motion (ROM) was determined during knee flexion with the use of a goniometer. The peak torque of the dominant leg extensors was measured on a Cybex NORM dynamometer at various angular velocities. The statistical analysis showed that peak torque did not change following the static stretching for 45 s in all angular velocities, while it decreased (p < .001) in all angular velocities following the static stretching for 5 min. The findings suggest that strength decreases after static stretching exercises may be the result of the performed stretching duration.
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Spencer, Simon, Alex Wolf, and Alison Rushton. "Spinal-Exercise Prescription in Sport: Classifying Physical Training and Rehabilitation by Intention and Outcome." Journal of Athletic Training 51, no. 8 (August 1, 2016): 613–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4085/1062-6050-51.10.03.
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Context:Identification of strategies to prevent spinal injury, optimize rehabilitation, and enhance performance is a priority for practitioners. Different exercises produce different effects on neuromuscular performance. Clarity of the purpose of a prescribed exercise is central to a successful outcome. Spinal exercises need to be classified according to the objective of the exercise and planned physical outcome.Objective:To define the modifiable spinal abilities that underpin optimal function during skilled athletic performance, clarify the effect of spinal pain and pathologic conditions, and classify spinal exercises according to the objective of the exercise and intended physical outcomes to inform training and rehabilitation.Design:Qualitative study.Data Collection and Analysis:We conducted a qualitative consensus method of 4 iterative phases. An exploratory panel carried out an extended review of the English-language literature using CINAHL, EMBASE, MEDLINE, and PubMed to identify key themes and subthemes to inform the definitions of exercise categories, physical abilities, and physical outcomes. An expert project group reviewed panel findings. A draft classification was discussed with physiotherapists (n = 49) and international experts. Lead physiotherapy and strength and conditioning teams (n = 17) reviewed a revised classification. Consensus was defined as unanimous agreement.Results:After the literature review and subsequent analysis, we defined spinal abilities in 4 categories: mobility, motor control, work capacity, and strength. Exercises were subclassified by functionality as nonfunctional or functional and by spinal displacement as either static (neutral spinal posture with no segmental displacement) or dynamic (dynamic segmental movement). The proposed terminology and classification support commonality of language for practitioners.Conclusions:The spinal-exercise classification will support clinical reasoning through a framework of spinal-exercise objectives that clearly define the nature of the exercise prescription required to deliver intended physical outcomes.
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Ladin, Z., and K. M. Neff. "Testing of a Biomechanical Model of the Lumbar Muscle Force Distribution Using Quasi-Static Loading Exercises." Journal of Biomechanical Engineering 114, no. 4 (November 1, 1992): 442–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2894093.
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The study of lumbar muscle force distribution in response to externally applied loads is based on the introduction of biomechanical models of the lumbar region. The evaluation of such models requires the execution of loading exercises while monitoring the EMG activity of certain lumbar muscles. This work uses muscle activity maps as the major design tool of such exercises, provided that the subject is constrained to an upright erect posture. The maps describe the predicted muscle force for a given combination of externally applied bending moments. A series of shoulder adduction exercises were designed and the EMG signals of eight lumbar muscles were measured while subjects performed the exercises. The results show good agreement between the model predictions and the EMG measurements, especially when the load and the muscle were contralateral to one another.
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S. Subbiah, S. Subbiah, and Dr A. Palanisamy Dr. A. Palanisamy. "The Effect of Static and Dynamic Exercises on the Strength of the Muscles of the Lower Extremities." International Journal of Scientific Research 2, no. 4 (June 1, 2012): 321–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.15373/22778179/apr2013/116.
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