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1
Wong, Hang Fah. "Dynamic and static crushing of closed-hat section members." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.338001.
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Birch, R. S. "The dynamic and static plastic collapse of structural members incorporating axial stiffening." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.234846.
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Wang, Xiaobo Elgaaly Mohamed. "Behavior of steel members with trapezoidally corrugated webs and tubular flanges under static loading /." Philadelphia : Drexel University, 2003. http://dspace.library.drexel.edu/handle/1721.1/98.
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Hornibrook, Debra Cay. "An Organizational Profile: Members' Understanding of Discrimination." PDXScholar, 1996. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/5292.
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Cultural diversity in the United States is an issue of concern and organizations must now learn to function effectively with an increasingly diverse workforce. Since the history of U.S. organizations is a history of institutional discrimination against most ethnic and racial groups of people and the privileging of a dominant group, managing workforce diversity now constitutes one of the most difficult and important issues human resource professionals address. This study is concerned with the issues of workforce diversity, most specifically with how organizational members understand and respond to discrimination, and the utilization of this understanding to discuss implications for diversity trainers. The study analyzed data from a workshop questionnaire administered to individuals who participated in a specific organization-wide diversity training program. Self-reported critical incidents were used in gathering data about organizational members' perceptions and understandings around discrimination. An analysis of short answer self-reported responses was conducted, followed by a analysis of themes by age, ethnicity and gender. Emergent themes suggest that most organizational members encountered discriminatory incidents in the context of ongoing relationships, suggesting that it would be important for members to consider their responses in light of future consequences for the relationship. Since there are power dimensions inherent in many situations and there is a dominant cultural perception that conflict is destructive to relationships, responding to discriminatory situations may be perceived as a very high risk behavior. Many participants had difficulty responding assertively at the time of the incident and reported feeling uncomfortable, angry, hurt, embarrassed or sad about the incident. Even after thinking about it, most were still limited in their ability to think of alternative responses. Since most discriminatory incidents occurred in the context of ongoing relationships, diversity trainers and organizations may need to include a discussion of the power dimensions involved in addressing discrimination as well as address the overall U.S. cultural perception that conflict can only damage relationships. Diversity trainers as well as organizations may want to help their members frame conflict as opportunity for relationship development and discriminatory incidents as opportunity for learning.
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Brincker, Benedikte. "Cultural foundations of the Common Foreign and Security Policy of the European Union : the case of Britain, Denmark and Germany." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.249596.
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Pereira, Andréia Cristina Moreira. "Da vertente política à económica na CPLP: estudo de formas de estreitamento das relações económicas dos Estados Membros." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Ciências Sociais e Políticas, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/6603.
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Tese de Mestrado em Gestão e Políticas Públicas<br>A abordagem da cooperação económica entre os Estados-membros traz à discussão a Comunidade dos Países de Língua Portuguesa CPLP, influenciada pelos laços históricos, linguísticos e culturais. O “Mercado CPLP”, com mais de 240 milhões de habitantes, presentes em quatro continentes, representa a nível mundial 3,7% da população, 4,2% do comércio mundial sendo apenas 3% inter-Comunidade. Pretende-se evidenciar as formas de promover os mecanismos de concertação: políticos, económicos e comerciais que possam ser sugeridos e aplicados como políticas de integração. A metodologia da pesquisa de natureza qualitativa, utiliza a análise documental para a colecta de dados, a técnica de análise de conteúdo para a entrevista estruturada, aplicada aos representantes da Organização e seus Membros permanentes. Denota-se o reforço no âmbito da internacionalização das economias dos países da Comunidade, primeiramente através dos distintos mercados regionais, em “clusters” como prevê a Aliança Estratégica para a Promoção do Comércio, posteriormente poderá assumir-se como bloco económico o que tem sido visto, já por várias correntes do pensamento económico como um instrumento para a melhoria do bem-estar potencial. Os pressupostos sugerem que a CPLP assuma a estratégia da coordenação, o controlo e a avaliação contínua do processo de Integração Económica em consonância com os seus princípios norteadores.<br>The approach to economic cooperation among Member States moots the Community of Portuguese Language Countries, (CPLP, in Portuguese/Language), influenced by historical, linguistic and cultural ties. The "CPLP Maket", with over 240 million inhabitants, present in 4 continents, represents 3.7% of the global population, 4.2% of world trade being only 3% inter-Community. It is intended to highlight ways to promote conciliation methods: political, economic and trade that can be suggested and applied as integration policies. The research methodology was qualitative in nature, uses document analysis for data collection, the technique of content analysis for the structured interview, applied to the representatives of the Organization and its permanent members. It is denoted that the reinforcement within the internationalization of the economies of the Member States, primarily through the various regional markets in clusters as provided by the "Aliança Estratégica para a Promoção do Comércio", later may be assumed as the economic bloc that has been seen since several currents of economic thought as a tool for improving the welfare potential. Assumptions suggest that the CPLP take the strategy of coordination, monitoring and continuous evaluation of the process of economic integration in line with its guiding principles
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Di, Marco Antonio Calogero <1981>. "I limiti all'autonomia procedurale degli Stati membri dell'UE in materia risarcitoria." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2012. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/4642/.
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This work analyses the limits that the principle of State liability for damages suffered by individuals because of breach of EU law poses to the procedural autonomy of the Member States of the EU.
The introductory part of this work is dedicated to the general character of the limitations EU law poses to the State’s competence in procedural matters.
The first part of the research, instead, focuses on the specific limits that european law poses on the rules of procedure related to the legal regime of the right to compensation and its operating conditions; in particular, this first part explores respectively the “substantive” and “procedural” limits that EU law poses to the State’s autonomy to regulate actions for damages for breaches of EU law. The substantial limits concern the conditions of eligibility of liability and the constitutive conditions of the right to compensation; the procedural limits to the action for damages refer to the concrete organization and characteristics of the judicial action.
The second part of the research is devoted to rules of procedure governing the relations between judicial remedies explicitly aimed at protecting the right to reparation and other remedies that may be relevant, both europeans and nationals. The first chapter of the second part of this work focuses on the rules governing the relations between the action for damages brought up at the national level and the remedies provided by european Treaties; finally, I explore the relations between the action for damages brought up at the national level and other remedies present in the same national juridical order.
I reconstruct all the limits to the procedural autonomy of Member States concerning the right to compensation; consequently, I verify that those limits represent part of the system of internal procedures, able to guarantee the respect of european law.
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Xu, Jian. "Rehabilitation of concrete highway bridge members using fiber-reinforced composites." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/20180.
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ANTONIOU, ARETI. "Sviluppo di una metodologia comune per valutare l'impatto delle attività criminali nell'Unione Europea." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/203.
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Questa tesi affronta l'argomento dell'impatto delle attività dei gruppi criminali condotte all'interno degli Stati Membri dell'Unione europea. Negli ultimi anni l'importanza di questo argomento è stata ampiamente sottolineata soprattutto a livello europeo. La ricerca è stata possibile anche grazie alla partecipazione dell'autrice al progetto di ricerca sulla criminalità organizzata finanziato dalla Commissione europea (VI Programma Quadro) e dimostra come il mondo accademico può rispondere alla necessità di una conoscenza dell'impatto del crimine organizzato che sia comparabile a livello europeo. Si tratta di un primo tentativo di definire i criteri di una metodologia comune europea finalizzata alla misurazione dell'impatto di specifiche attività criminali, ai fini della selezione degli indicatori che rispettano tali criteri; in altre parole, questo lavoro intende offrire un primo studio comprensivo di tutti gli aspetti connessi allo sviluppo di una metodologia comune europea che misuri l'impatto delle attività criminali e di conseguenza creare la base per ulteriori ricerche sull'argomento.<br>This thesis addresses the topic of the harm caused by organised criminal activities carried out across the EU Member States. It is a topic whose importance has been widely remarked upon, in recent years, especially at EU level. This thesis - that benefits from the participation of the author in a Project on OC harm funded under the VI FP of the European Commission - shows how academics can respond to the need for a comparative knowledge on OC harm at EU level. It is a first attempt to define the criteria of a common EU methodology for measuring the harm caused by selected OC activities, and to identify indicators complying with these criteria, therefore putting forward a possible methodology. In other words, this thesis intends to provide a first comprehensive study that will bring together in a systematic way all the issues related to the development of a common EU methodology assessing the impact of OC activities and, therefore, create the basis for further research on the subject.
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Weisenburger, William. "A national survey of school board members' perceptions of efforts to control the level of violence in American schools." Diss., This resource online, 1994. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-06062008-171631/.
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Leonelli, Cinzia <1975>. "La tutela del contribuente nello scambio di informazioni tra Stati Membri UE." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2014. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/6635/.
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Questo elaborato analizza nella dimensione Eurounitaria ed Internazionale il tema della cooperazione amministrativa tributaria attuata tramite lo scambio di informazioni tra Stati Membri UE. La prospettiva presa in considerazione, tema centrale della presente studio, è quella del contribuente coinvolto nello scambio informativo transnazionale, con lo scopo di stabilire se all’interno delle norme internazionali ed europee che regolano lo strumento e negli ordinamenti nazionali, a cui esse rimandano, esista una effettiva tutela del contribuente. L’attenzione viene necessariamente posta all’ambito applicativo delle norme Europee ed Internazionali che disciplinano lo scambio di informazioni, evidenziandone in primis la struttura, la “fisiologia” e successivamente l’aspetto “patologico” discendente dall’imprescindibile esigenza informativa, con riguardo alle fattispecie tributarie, degli Stati Sovrani nel nuovo contesto globale. Questa ricerca si propone di individuare i vuoti giuridici e le carenze di tutele insite nelle procedure di scambio di informazioni e contestualmente di appurare l’esistenza nell’ordinamento Tributario Europeo, grazie al contributo interpretativo della Giurisprudenza della Corte di Giustizia ed ai principi sanciti dalla Carta dei diritti Fondamentali dell’Unione Europea nonché dalla convenzione CEDU, di un insieme di “diritti europei del contribuente” invocabili nel contesto collaborativo tra Stati Membri UE attuato tramite lo scambio di informazioni.<br>This essay analyzes in a European and international dimension the topic of fiscal administrative cooperation to be achieved through the exchange of informations between EU States Members.
The perspective taken into account, which is the central theme of this study, refers to the taxpayer involved in the transnationale exchange of informations, in order to determine wether within international and European standards or national laws that regulate the instrument, there is an effective protection of the taxpayer. The attention is necessarily placed to the aim of the European and International standards governing the exchange of information, highlighting primarily the "physiology" structure and then the "pathological" aspect descending to the inevitable need of information, with regard to tax case, of the sovereign states in the new global context. This research aims to identify the loopholes in the legislation and shortcomings of safeguards the procedures for exchange of information and simultaneously to ascertain the existence in the European Tax system, thanks to the contribution of the Jurisprudence of the Court of Justice UE and the principles enshrined in the Charter of Fundamental rights of the European Union and by the Convention ECHR, a set of "European rights of the taxpayer" invoked in the collaborative context between EU Member States implemented through the exchange of informations.
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Ahmed, Ahmed Khaled. "The relationships between teaching and research as experienced by faculty members at a midwestern university." Virtual Press, 2001. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1213151.
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The purpose of this qualitative study was to describe and report the relationship between teaching and research as experienced by twelve faculty members at a medium sized, doctoral granting, state assisted university in the Midwest. Research review revealed that the relationship between research and teaching in higher education was supportive, conflicting, or neutral (Marsh & Hattie, 1996).Twelve faculty members from five different departments at Teachers College participated in this study. Evidence was gathered using semi-structured interviews. Analysis of evidence revealed several findings.Faculty members in this study described activities needed to produce publishable research, which included participating in professional meetings (conferences, workshops, and seminars), contributing to professional associations, reading publications, and writing activities. Faculty members engaged in research projects, and worked with students on their dissertations and research papers. Many of faculty members' research ideas came from their reading and their participation in learning activities needed to produce quality teaching.In this study, faculty members reported that research and teaching were intertwined activities that produced two different products. Faculty members reported that some of the activities in both teaching and research were similar and overlapping. They found ways to make progress in both activities at the same time. The activities used to produce quality teaching were influenced by the demands of producing publishable research and vice versa.For faculty members, many of their activities as scholars produced both research and teaching. While teaching was identified as the highest form of scholarship, research was considered also an important form of scholarship. Scholarship includes discovery of new knowledge, looking for connections, and building bridges between theory and practice. Teaching is scholarship applied.<br>Department of Educational Leadership
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Bisher, Jon A. (Jon Alan). "The Measurement of the Association between Aircrew Members' Flying Proficiencies and Graduate Study." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1988. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc331400/.
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This ex post facto inquiry investigated the existence of an association between advanced formal education and the largely psychomotor task of flying military aircraft. The analysis of data indicated that such an association does exist. Data were analyzed by computer comparison of two separate data bases. The first data base included selected U.S. Air Force officers' educational histories. The second set of data included aircrew standardization/evaluation qualification grade scores. Individual subjects were identified, and for each subject a record was formed that included the subject's standardization flight proficiency grade and advanced educational background. Group subsets of selected variables were then recorded in 2 X 2 contingency tables and statistical calculations using chi square tests of independence were applied.
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Helvie-Mason, Lora B. "A phenomenological examination of tenure-track female faculty members' socialization into the culture of higher education." Virtual Press, 2007. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1369917.
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The purpose of this phenomenological study was to understand how pre-tenure female faculty members perceived their socialization experiences into the culture of higher education. This study viewed higher education as a distinct culture where members underwent socialization processes such as enculturation and acculturation throughout the pre-tenure years. Participants were eight pre-tenure female faculty members from Midwestern land grant institutions. Women were interviewed for 90-120 minutes on one occasion. Data was analyzed using the Constant Comparative Method (CCM).The women's perceptions resulted in four emergent themes: Balance, Place, Support, and Trust. Balance contained the themes of Workload, including promotion and tenure and time, and Roles, including sub-themes of personal and professional roles. Place described women's feelings of fit regarding age, sex, their student response and their personal response to their culture. Support highlighted people, groups and mentoring perceived as influential in their socialization. Lastly, the theme of Trust emerged as a key element of their cultural understanding regarding higher education. These pre-tenure female faculty members perceived socialization as filled with incongruency, uncertainty and rejection, and political astuteness. The women felt incongruence in terms of their personal values and those values rewarded professionally. The women's socialization was shaped by uncertainty in the promotion and tenure process and in where to put their time and energy. In addition, the women described the need for political astuteness in their professional communications and actions during their pre-tenure years. These perceptions werefurther examined through post-colonial feminist theory. The emphasis post-colonial feminist theory places on power and voice in the historically male-dominated system of higher education informed the analysis. This led to the argument for Boyer's (1990) reconstruction of scholarship as an opportunity for women to become co-creators of an environment which better promotes congruency between their personal values with elements evaluated for professional success.Embracing Boyer's (1990) concepts for re-conceptualizing scholarship may offer a potential solution which would allow the women to experience more integrated lives instead of disparate circles of personal and professional activity. Integrated lives would ease their adjustment in these pivotal pre-tenure years.<br>Department of Educational Studies
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Astramovich, Randall L. "Attitudes of American School Counselor Association Members toward Utilizing Paraprofessionals in School Counseling." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2000. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc2659/.
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The principal investigator (PI) for this study surveyed 207 American School Counselor Association (ASCA) members on their attitudes toward utilizing trained counseling paraprofessionals in school counseling. The PI also examined the relationship between participants attitudes and their subjective reports of the counselor-student ratios in their schools, the amount of work time they spent providing direct counseling services to students, and the extent to which their districts experienced a school counselor shortage. The participants mean reported counselor-student ratio (1:464.63) significantly exceeded ASCA recommendations of 1:250. Elementary counselors reported the highest counselor-student ratios while high school counselors reported the lowest. Furthermore the PI found a significant linear trend for counselor-student ratios to decrease as school level increased. The participants reported mean percentage of time involved in direct counseling services (61.48%) fell significantly below the ASCA recommended 70%. Elementary counselors reported the highest amount of time involved in direct counseling services while high school counselors reported the lowest. The PI also found a significant linear trend for percentages of time involved in direct services to decrease as school level increased. Over one-fourth of the participants indicated school counselor shortages existed in their districts. A majority of participants supported utilizing counseling paraprofessionals in their schools. The PI found a significant negative correlation between support for counseling paraprofessionals and percentage of time involved in direct services. Participants reporting the lowest percentage of time providing direct services to students thus expressed the strongest endorsement for utilizing counseling paraprofessionals. Participants most strongly endorsed assigning clerical duties to counseling paraprofessionals. They likewise endorsed assigning some indirect helping duties to counseling paraprofessionals. However, participants strongly opposed assigning direct counseling duties to counseling paraprofessionals. Based on the results of the study the PI developed recommendations for school counselors, school administrators, state education agencies, and institutions of higher learning regarding the training, education, and job duties of counseling paraprofessionals.
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Steele, Natalie Anne. "The relationship between collegiate band members' preferences of teacher interpersonal behavior and perceived self-efficacy." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2009. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc9826/.
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The first purpose of this study was to describe collegiate band members' preferred teacher interpersonal behaviors and perceptions of self-efficacy based on the gender, year in college, instrument, and major. The second purpose of the study was to measure the relationship between preferences of interpersonal teacher behavior and self-efficacy scores. The non-probability purposive sample (N = 1020) was composed of band members representing 12 universities from different regions of the United States. There were 4 large public, 4 small public, and 4 private universities that participated in the study. Participants completed 2 questionnaires, the Teacher Interaction Preference Questionnaire (TIPQ) and the Self-Efficacy Questionnaire (SEQ). Descriptive statistics were calculated for each of the questionnaires. Results for the TIPQ showed that all sub-groups most preferred the dominant-cooperative behaviors, followed by submissive-cooperative behaviors, and least preferred the dominant-oppositional behaviors. Results for the SEQ showed subtle variations for all subgroups. Three Pearson product-moment correlation coefficients were calculated to measure the relationship between the three teacher interaction styles (dominant-cooperative, submissive-cooperative, dominant-oppositional) and students' perceived self-efficacy. Due to the possible over-use of the data with multiple correlations, a Bonferroni adjustment was made to avoid a Type I error (.05/3 = .016). A significant positive relationship was found between self-efficacy and dominant-cooperative with 22% shared variance. A significant positive relationship was found between self-efficacy and submissive-cooperative with 7% shared variance. Finally, a significant positive relationship was found between self-efficacy and dominant-oppositional with 5% shared variance. This study's results indicate that it may be beneficial for band directors to measure students' preferences and perceptions of teacher interpersonal teacher behavior in order to find ways to interact better with the students. In addition, due to the relationship between students' preferences of teacher interpersonal behavior and perceived self-efficacy, collegiate band directors may wish to examine their own behaviors to determine how they align with the students' preferences.
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Freeman, Jesse L. "A national study of what school board members believe to be most essential to their effectiveness." Diss., Virginia Tech, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/39913.
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The major purpose of this study was to determine what school board members believe to be most essential to their effectiveness; board members' perceptions of their knowledge in the essential areas of board responsibility; and how they gain information and training to become more effective in these essential areas.
The study utilized descriptive research methodology and survey technique to gather data from a national sample of school board members. A stratified random sample of board members was selected from the list of subscribers to the American School Board Journal. The survey was designed to collect demographic and personal data about board members and to obtain information on their perceptions of the most essential facets of school board membership. In addition, the survey asked board members to rate their strengths and weaknesses in these essential areas, and how they gained information and training in their districts.
Of the 3,744 or 15.5% subscribers sampled, 968 or 25.6% responded. The study was sponsored by The American School Board Journal, published by the National School Boards Association, the national professional organization for school board members in the United States.<br>Ed. D.
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Michener, Olivia H. "A national survey of school board members views on retrenchment in public school budgets." Diss., Virginia Tech, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/38532.
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Abo, Yasuyo. "The need for social work intervention for the elderly patients and their family members." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2005. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2789.
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Contends that poor discharge planning for elderly patients in American hospitals is the result of reduced lengths of stay which do not give medical social workers adequate time to assess patients' needs. A survey methodology was used to assess social service and community resource needs of hospitalized elderly patients and their family members at Riverside Community Hospital in California. Argues that the results of the survey can be used to improve discharge planning and lead to a more client-centered practice in hospitals.
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Quaglia, Lucia. "Italy and economic and monetary union : domestic politics and European union policy-making." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.390828.
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Righello, Joseph D. "Russian influence on NATO member/non-member relationships : a case study of the US-Ukraine military to military relationship." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2002. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion-image/02Dec%5FRighello.pdf.
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Thesis (M.A. in International Security and Civil-Military Relations)--Naval Postgraduate School, December 2002.<br>Thesis advisor(s): Mikhail Tsypkin, Jeffrey Knopf. Includes bibliographical references (p. 51-52). Also available online.
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Azzariti, Ilaria <1982>. "La cooperazione amministrativa tra stati membri in materia fiscale: verso una amministrazione finanziaria "europea"." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2014. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/6600/.
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L’armonizzazione fiscale è una importante sfida che l’Unione Europea si trova ad affrontare per la completa realizzazione del mercato interno.
Le istituzioni comunitarie, tuttavia, non dispongono delle competenze legislative per intervenire direttamente negli ordinamenti tributari degli Stati membri.
Svolgendo una analisi del contesto legislativo vigente, ed esaminando le prospettive de iure condendo della materia fiscale dell’Unione, il presente lavoro cerca di comprendere le prospettive di evoluzione del sistema, sia dal punto di vista della normativa fiscale sostanziale, che procedimentale.
Mediante la disciplina elaborata a livello comunitario che regola la cooperazione amministrativa in materia fiscale, con particolare riferimento alle direttive relative allo scambio di informazioni e all’assistenza alla riscossione (dir. 2011/16/UE e dir. 2010/24/UE) si permette alle Amministrazioni degli Stati membri di avere accesso ai reciproci ordinamenti giuridici, e conoscerne i meccanismi.
L’attuazione di tali norme fa sì che ciascun ordinamento abbia l’opportunità di importare le best practices implementate dagli altri Stati. L’obiettivo sarà quello di migliorare il proprio procedimento amministrativo tributario, da un lato, e di rendere più immediati gli scambi di informazione e la cooperazione alla riscossione, dall’altro.
L’armonizzazione fiscale all’interno dell’Unione verrebbe perseguita, anziché mediante un intervento a livello europeo, attraverso un coordinamento “dal basso” degli ordinamenti fiscali, realizzato attraverso l’attività di cooperazione delle amministrazioni che opereranno su un substrato di regole condivise.
La maggiore apertura delle amministrazioni fiscali dei Paesi membri e la maggiore spontaneità degli scambi di informazioni, ha una efficacia deterrente di fenomeni di evasione e di sottrazione di imposta posti in essere al fine di avvantaggiarsi delle differenze dei sistemi impositivi dei vari paesi.
Nel lungo periodo ciò porterà verosimilmente, gli Stati membri a livellare i sistemi impositivi, dal momento che i medesimi non avranno più interesse ad utilizzare la leva fiscale per generare una concorrenza tra gli ordinamenti.<br>Fiscal harmonization is an important challenge European Union has to face for the complete fulfillment of the common internal market.
European institutions do not have competences set forth under the Treaties to approach the tax matter. The main aim of the paper is to understand the perspective for the development of the fiscal system among the EU, starting from the analysis of the Eu Directives in force affecting the tax administrative proceedings of the member States.
Through the EU Directive on the exchange of information (dir. 2011/16/EU) and the EU Directive on the assistance for the recovery of taxes (dir. 2010/24/EU), the fiscal authorities of member States have the chance to know each other's administrative systems.
In this framework, the more tax authorities will be open to exchange information, assist each other, and to cooperate on a common legal basis, the more effective will be the response against cross-border tax fraud and evasion. On the other side, the effectiveness of the exchange of information among States will prevent harmful tax competition and distortions in the tax systems.
The result will be a shift in emphasis from attempting to harmonize taxes at EU level towards improving coordination between existing national tax systems, and in particular, tax authorities.
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Gaul, Thomas H. "A national survey of school board members' views on the impact of reform and restructuring on school board power and authority." Diss., This resource online, 1993. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-06062008-171217/.
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Green, Kris R. "Recruiting and maintaining dairy cooperative members : a strategy for reducing the free rider problem /." Thesis, This resource online, 1992. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-05042010-020208/.
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Sanford, Amy Aldridge. "How commitment and detachment influence members' discourse about the National Education Association." Diss., University of Iowa, 2006. http://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/50.
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Bradley, Jennifer R. "Building inclusive boards : the perspectives of nonprofit leaders and prospective board members." Scholarly Commons, 2008. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/700.
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Although the population of the United States is becoming increasingly diverse, data on the composition of nonprofit boards nationally indicate a persistent pattern of under-representation of minority groups. This exploratory study was conducted in a large metropolitan area with a diverse population. The research investigated board diversity with a small sample of leaders of nonprofit organizations and current or prospective board members from under-represented groups. Data were collected from nonprofit leaders by an anonymous web-based survey and from board members by telephone interview.
The research found that all the nonprofit organizations in the study served client groups that were racially and ethnically diverse. The majority of survey respondents felt that having a diverse board was important, and the lack of board diversity was a source of dissatisfaction. Overall board recruitment was reported to be difficult. The most frequent sources of new board members were referrals from current board members and personal networks. Typically, the nonprofit organizations in this study did not allocate financial resources to build board diversity. Interview participants identified the value of recruitment strategies that would expand the pool of potential board members. Other recommendations included increased attention to the process of board entry for new board members. In conclusion, it appears that building more diverse boards will require sustained efforts, but that the changes necessary to successfully include people from different cultural backgrounds will also strengthen nonprofit organizations.
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Milita, Kerri. "Testing the Significance of Background in the Decline of Congressional Comity: an Analysis of Implicated Members, 1970-2005." Honors in the Major Thesis, University of Central Florida, 2006. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETH/id/980.
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This item is only available in print in the UCF Libraries. If this is your Honors Thesis, you can help us make it available online for use by researchers around the world by following the instructions on the distribution consent form at http://library.ucf.edu/Systems/DigitalInitiatives/DigitalCollections/InternetDistributionConsentAgreementForm.pdf You may also contact the project coordinator, Kerri Bottorff, at kerri.bottorff@ucf.edu for more information.<br>Bachelors<br>Sciences<br>Political Science
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Welshans, James Samuel. "Nothing can stop the U.S. Air Force exploring cultural reproduction among members of a dominant elite in an American public institution /." [Pensacola, Fla.] : University of West Florida, 2008. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/WFE0000128.
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Ziniel, Curtis Edward. "Passive signals or active bureaucracy house members' use of staff to racially represent their constituents /." Diss., UC access only, 2009. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?index=120&did=1907183701&SrchMode=1&sid=1&Fmt=7&retrieveGroup=0&VType=PQD&VInst=PROD&RQT=309&VName=PQD&TS=1270487883&clientId=48051.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, Riverside, 2009.<br>Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 106-109). Issued in print and online. Available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations.
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Corre, Pauline. "Le statut d'État membre de l’Union européenne." Thesis, Paris 2, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA020052.
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L’État membre de l’Union européenne a longtemps été occulté des études de droit communautaire, devenu droit de l’Union européenne. Seule l’adaptation interne de l’État était étudiée. Le « retour de l’État » marqué par le traité de Lisbonne invite cependant à penser la place que ce droit accorde à l’État membre. Ce dernier s’intègre en effet dans un ensemble normatif qui comprend un panel de droits et d’obligations réglant les modalités de son appartenance et de sa participation à l’Union européenne. L’étude de cet ensemble normatif, du point de vue de l’ordre juridique de l’Union, permet alors d’identifier deux sous-ensembles, l’un concernant l’appartenance de l’État à l’Union principalement maîtrisé par ce dernier, l’autre concernant sa participation institutionnelle à la production et l’exécution du droit de l’Union, par lequel l’Union instrumentalise l’État membre afin d’assurer l’effectivité de son droit et d’affirmer l’autonomie de son ordre juridique<br>Until recently, European studies did not consider the Member State of the European Union. It has mainly been studied from a national point of view. However, the Lisbon treaty suggests that the Member State is not as neglected by European Union law as one could think. The European Union legal order includes a diversity of rights and duties concerning the membership and the participation of the Member State to the European Union. The norms concerning its membership are controlled by the Member State, while the norms concerning its participation are used by the European Union in order to ensure the effectivity and the autonomy of the European legal order
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Al-Dewaish, Abdallah S. "Factors affecting economic integration between member states of the Gulf Cooperation Council." Thesis, Aberystwyth University, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.318592.
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Clark, Robin L. "Continuing education views and practices of members of the Financial Communications Section of the Public Relations Society of America." Virtual Press, 1992. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/845927.
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The 221 members of the Financial Communications section of the Public Relations Society of America (PRSA) were surveyed about their continuing education views and practices through a mail survey. Out of the 221 members, 118 (53.4%) completed and returned the survey. Respondents were asked their opinions about the importance of different types of continuing education programs, how long it had been since they last participated, and what topic they would most like to see covered in a continuing education forum. The members were asked whether their companies encouraged involvement in continuing education by providing financial assistance and positive recognition. Respondents were also asked their number of years in the field, education, type of company, position level, age, income, and gender.It was concluded through the results of the study that the majority of members find continuing education important to themselves and to their profession. Most of the companies do encourage participation in continuing education and members feel that their companies' encouragement does influence their decision on whether to to participate.<br>Department of Journalism
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Michel, Aaron. "Does background matter?: an examination of whether the background and party affiliation of members of Congress predict their environmental voting record." Thesis, Boston University, 2003. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/27723.
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Boston University. University Professors Program Senior theses.<br>PLEASE NOTE: Boston University Libraries did not receive an Authorization To Manage form for this thesis. It is therefore not openly accessible, though it may be available by request. If you are the author or principal advisor of this work and would like to request open access for it, please contact us at open-help@bu.edu. Thank you.<br>2031-01-02
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Di, Siervi Carolina <1980>. "Il rapporto tra diritto internazionale, sopranazionale e diritto degli stati membri: una comparazione tra unione europea e mercosur." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2010. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/2647/.
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Il nostro studio è incentrato sul confronto fra l’Unione Europea e il Mercado Común del Sur (Mercosur, particolarmente, in relazione a due aspetti: (i) aspetto giuridico-strutturale e, (ii) aspetto giurisprudenziale. L’obiettivo principale di tale confronto è quello di tracciare un parallelismo tra i due sistemi d’integrazione in modo da comprendere il livello d’integrazione e di efficienza del Mercosur in relazione ad un parametro ineludibile in materia quale è l’Unione Europea.
Con tale obiettivo, il lavoro è stato suddiviso in quattro capitoli che mettono a fuoco aspetti molto precisi dei sistemi d’integrazione regionale.
Il Capitolo I Diritto e integrazione nell’ambito del Mercosur, ha una funzione introduttiva al sistema mercosurino e funge da asse dell’intera tesi dato che illustra le origini del Mercosur, le sue istituzioni, i suoi fini ed obiettivi e, da ultimo, l’attuale assetto istituzionale del medesimo ed ipotizza i suoi possibili sviluppi futuri.
Nel Capitolo II, L’evoluzione del diritto del Mercosur alla luce del primo parere consultivo del Tribunal Permanente de Revisión, è analizzato il primo parere emesso dai Tribunali mercosurini – nell’anno 2007. Vengono delineati gli elementi che caratterizzano tali pareri mercosurini e vengono altresì messi in evidenza gli aspetti di convergenza con i rinvii pregiudiziali della Corte di giustizia e quelli che, invece, rappresentano elementi di profonda divergenza. Attraverso l’analisi del Parere 1/2007 ci proponiamo in primo luogo di mettere a fuoco specifici spunti giuridici rintracciabili nella sua motivazione che ci permetteranno di dare una reale dimensione al Diritto mercosurino. In secondo luogo, ci proponiamo di mettere in evidenza il fondamentale ruolo che possono acquisire i pareri emessi dal Tribunal Permanente de Revisión nello sviluppo dell’intero sistema giuridico ed istituzionale del Mercosur.
Nel capitolo successivo, Un caso di conflitto di giurisdizione, abbiamo voluto studiare una particolare controversia che, curiosamente, è stata affrontata e risolta da differenti organi giurisdizionali con competenze materiali e territoriali diverse. Facciamo riferimento alla causa “dei polli” esportati in Argentina, con presunto dumping, da parte di alcuni produttori brasiliani dal gennaio 1998 al gennaio 1999. Tale causa ebbe origine in Argentina dinanzi un’autorità amministrativa, fu parallelamente portata dinanzi la giustizia federale argentina, successivamente davanti ad un Tribunale mercosurino e, infine, dinanzi l’OMC. Con lo scopo di trovare una risposta al perché sia stato possibile adire più tribunali ed applicare normativa diversa ad una stessa controversia abbiamo indagato due aspetti di diritto di vitale rilevanza nell’ambito del diritto internazionale dei nostri giorni. Da una parte ci siamo focalizzati sullo studio delle normative internazionali che legiferando su materie simili e, in certi casi, pressoché identiche, e avendo origine in sistemi giuridici diversi hanno, tuttavia, la capacità di esplicare i loro effetti in più giurisdizioni e sono, pertanto, potenzialmente in grado di influenzarsi a vicenda. D’altra parte, abbiamo compiuto un’indagine sull’esistenza o meno di una normativa che funga da raccordo tra i sistemi di risoluzione delle controversie degli spazi d’integrazione economica e il sistema di risoluzione delle controversie dell’OMC.
Infine, il quarto ed ultimo capitolo, L’attività giurisdizionale negli spazi d’integrazione regionale, è dedicato alla valutazione degli sviluppi compiuti dal Mercosur in 18 anni di vita alla luce dei lodi emessi dai Tribunali mercosurini. Difatti, l’obiettivo concreto di questo capitolo è capire se i Tribunali mercosurini svolgono una funzione dinamica e costruttiva dell’assetto del Mercosur, tesa a sviluppare il sistema normativo, oppure se essi abbiano, piuttosto, una funzione passiva e una visione statica nell’applicazione del diritto. È risaputo che la funzione della Corte di giustizia è stata determinante nell’evoluzione e nell’affermazione del sistema giuridico in vigore attraverso una giurisprudenza costante. Mediante il confronto dell’attività svolta da entrambe le giurisdizioni sarà possibile avanzare ipotesi riguardo i futuri progressi dell’assetto mercosurino grazie all’apporto giurisprudenziale.
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Taha, Angela J. "From the Middle East to the United States: Stressors and Coping Strategies of Members of a Sacred Culture Living in a Secular Culture." PDXScholar, 1993. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/4756.
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The values and beliefs involved in Islam maintain that religion is embedded in everyday life. Students from countries which subscribe to the tenets of Islam may have a difficult time adjusting to the secular society of the U.S. This study is concerned with the interrelationships among events perceived as stressful, the ways of coping with stress that are reported as most often used, and the reported level of satisfaction with living in the U.S. for the Muslim Arab international students in this study. A four page survey questionnaire was used as the instrument. The questionnaire was filled out by 102 Muslim Arab international students regarding the areas of stressors, coping strategies, satisfaction with living in the U.S., and individual descriptors. None of the hypotheses were supported with statistically significant results. Of the subjects, 83% reported that they did not receive any intercultural pre-sojourn training. Presently, pre-sojourn intercultural training does not aid in reducing the stressful situations experienced by these subjects (Hypothesis 1). The frequency of emotion-focused coping does not decrease when the perceived effectiveness of presojourn intercultural training increases (Hypothesis 2). Limited knowledge and standardized research in this area may contribute to the lack of success of intercultural training. Additional time spent living in the U.S. does not reduce the communication-related stressors Muslim Arab students experience (Hypothesis 3). Although research indicates the longer people live in a foreign culture, the more they learn the rules and norms and therefore become acculturated (Samovar and Porter, 1988), the additional considerations a Muslim Arab international student may have to deal with could override the positive effects of time. The frequency of emotion-focused coping does not substantially decrease the longer amount of time a student has lived in the U.S. (Hypothesis 4). stress is a part of any student's life. For Muslim Arab international students living in the U.S., the basic value system provided by the belief in Islam appears to be related to coping with stressful situations (Hypothesis 5). However, the results were not significant. As the variety of coping strategies increases, the variety of stressors does not decrease (Hypothesis 6). Rather, as the variety of stressors increases, so too does the variety of coping strategies. It appears that students who experience more stressors respond by using more coping strategies. Satisfaction was correlated with neither coping strategies nor stressors. One would expect satisfaction to be positively related to coping strategies (Hypothesis 7), but there was no relationship. One would also expect satisfaction to be inversely related to stressors (Hypothesis 8), but there is no relationship. Satisfaction was measured by the extent to which subjects would want to remain in the U.S., and if they would recommend a loved one to study in the U.S. Based on the highly obligatory social structure that exists in many Middle Eastern countries, contemplating remaining away from one's family and friends may not have been acceptable. Difficulties associated with living in the U.S. as an international student may have also led subjects to report they would not recommend a loved one to study in the U.S. In conclusion, there are three important results that can be drawn from this study. First, with respect, at least, to the Muslim Arab international students in this study, there is no way to empirically discriminate between different categories of stressors or different categories of coping strategies. Second, denial and wishful thinking are not effective coping strategies. Third, direct problem solving is clearly the most effective way for the Muslim Arab international students in this study to cope with stressors while living in the U.S.
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Adams, Gordon. "A critical analysis of the African Union’s self-financing mechanism." University of the Western Cape, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/6820.
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Magister Philosophiae - MPhil<br>In the process of describing the background to the problem, the author will in this section firstly, explain what the African Union (AU) has implemented, secondly, explain the relevant rules and regulations that need to be adhered to as World Trade Organisation (WTO) members and lastly, explain how the self-financing mechanism might be in contravention of the rules and regulations of the WTO required to be adhered to by all WTO Members.
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Pierson, Matthieu. "Aides d'Etat et politiques de l'Union européenne : contrôle communautaire des interventions étatiques ou interventionnisme communautaire." Thesis, Bordeaux 4, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011BOR40041/document.
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L’appréhension des aides d’Etat par le droit de l’UE se singularise par sa triple dimension économique, politique et juridique. Leur volume, qui demeure important, la multiplicité de leurs formes, et surtout les lourds enjeux engageant la souveraineté nationale font des aides d’Etat une matière sensible nécessitant un cadre juridique spécifique qui doit s’adapter au fur et à mesure que les politiques de l’UE deviennent de plus en plus intégrées. La Commission européenne, qui dispose en la matière d’un pouvoir discrétionnaire, détermine au cas par cas, ou dans des lignes directrices, orientations, communications, et règlement général d’exemption catégorielle, les conditions de compatibilité des aides au Traité, et au-delà impose aux Etats comme aux entreprises des obligations de faire, ou de ne pas faire.Le droit des aides d’Etat est remarquable par son ampleur (il vise tous les secteurs d’activité économique et même au-delà), sa richesse, son renouvellement. Il n’est pas seulement un cadre réglementaire destiné à clarifier les exigences de l’UE vis-à-vis des Etats membres et des entreprises, même si quantitativement, c’est son rôle majeur. Il est aussi et surtout un moteur, un outil d’intégration privilégié, dont la teneur n’est pas étrangère aux interrogations sur la nature de l’UE. Il contribue de façon notable à la construction et au renforcement des politiques de l’UE, qui une fois développées, lui impose certains impératifs. Cet enrichissement réciproque est destiné à rester pour toujours d’actualité<br>The apprehension of State aids by EU Law singularises by its economical, political and legal dimension. Their volume, which remains important, the multiplicity of their forms, and especially the high issues engaging the national sovereignty brings to consider State aids as a sensitive subject requiring a specific legal framework which has to adapt itself as the EU Policies become more and more integrated. The European Commission, which has in this field a discretionary power, determines case by case, either in guidelines, orientations, communications, or general block exemption regulation, the conditions of State aids compatibility to the Treaty, and beyond imposes on States as on companies of obligations to do, or not to do.State Aids Law is remarkable by its scope (it aims at every sectors of economic activity and beyond), its wealth, its renewal. It is not only a regulatory framework intended to clarify the EU requirements towards Member States and companies, even if quantitatively, it is its major role. It is also and especially an engine, a privileged tool of integration, the content of which is not foreign to the questioning on the nature of the EU. It contributes in a considerable way to the construction and the intensification of EU policies, which once developed, imposes it certain imperatives. This mutual enrichment is intended to stay forever of current events
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Carbaugh, Brittany A. "From Service to Studies: Resilience and College Adjustment in Student Service Members/Veterans." Cleveland State University / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=csu1598643468010451.
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Meyer, Mary Kay. "A productivity analysis of the clinical dietitian as a health care team member in the service sector." Diss., Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/71155.
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The major purpose of this study was to analyze the productivity of the clinical dietitian in order to develop appropriate models for measurement of productivity of the clinical dietitian.
Due to the lack of research on productivity in the service sector, a modified Delphi Technique was used to identify appropriate measures of input and output for the clinical dietitian. The information gathered from the Delphi Technique was used to develop a survey designed to measure the productivity of the clinical dietitian. Two hundred eighty-three participants responded to the survey.
Five measures of productivity were developed. They were: (1) hours in direct patient care/total hours worked (2) hours in indirect patient care/ total hours worked (3) hours in nonpatient care/ total hours worked (4) hours spent in direct plus indiiect patient care/total hours worked and (5) the activity level in nonproductive activities. The independent variables used in this study were: (1) patient load of the clinical dietitian (2) years of experience of the clinical dietitian (3) the allocation of time to tasks performed by the clinical dietitian (4) consultation methods used by the clinical dietitian (5) size of the hospital (6) employment status of the clinical dietitian (7) mission of the hospital (8) percent occupancy of the hospital and <9> percent of the budget generated by Medicare patients.
Results of the analyses showed that dietitians were spending a variety of time in the thirty-three identified activities. They had a high activity level in performing diet histories, individual diet instructions, performing nutritional assessments, and reviewing and recording in medical records. Tasks involving low levels of activity were taking anthopometric measurements, reading professional literature and attending professional conferences.
To fully investigate the relationship between the measures of productivity (dependent variables) and the independent variables stepwise multiple linear regression in the SAS statistical program was used. Analyses revealed two models appropriate for measuring the productivity. These models involved nonpatient care and nonproductive activities. The development of these models overcame the difficulty discussed in the service literature of developing direct measures of productivity of employees in the service sector.<br>Ph. D.
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Antonakakis, Nikolaos, Harald Badinger, and Wolf Heinrich Reuter. "From Rome to Lisbon and Beyond: Member States' Power, Efficiency, and Proportionality in the EU Council of Ministers." WU Vienna University of Economics and Business, 2014. http://epub.wu.ac.at/4164/1/wp175.pdf.
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This paper provides a comprehensive assessment of the evolution of EU member states' power, the EU's capability to act (efficiency), and the proportionality of the voting system in the Council of Ministers from the treaties of Rome in 1958 till the Treaty of Lisbon in 2009 and beyond, using a wide range of alternative power indices. Moreover, it considers explicitly the relevance of additional legal provisions (such as the 'Luxembourg Compromise',
the 'Demographic Clause', and the 'Ioannina Compromise') and the implications of novel, more recently introduced voting rules such as reverse qualified majority voting. (authors' abstract)<br>Series: Department of Economics Working Paper Series
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Romero, Daniel Hugo. "Attachment, Coping, and Psychiatric Symptoms among Military Veterans and Active Duty Personnel: A Path Analysis Study." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2017. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1062906/.
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The purpose of this study was to examine the role of attachment processes and coping strategies in the development of psychiatric symptoms among military veterans and active duty personnel. Data were obtained from 268 male and female military veterans and active duty personnel. A path analysis was conducted to estimate the relationships between attachment processes, coping strategies, and psychiatric symptoms. Findings demonstrated that greater levels of attachment anxiety were related to increased levels of avoidant coping and psychiatric symptoms, while higher levels of attachment avoidance were related to avoidant coping and PTSD symptoms, as well as decreased levels of problem-focused coping. Alcohol use was associated with psychiatric symptoms. Avoidant coping, but not problem-focused coping, was associated with psychiatric symptoms and partially mediated the relationship between anxious attachment and psychiatric symptoms. Avoidant coping also fully or partially mediated the relationships of avoidant attachment to depression and PTSD symptoms. The findings of this study increase our knowledge of mechanisms that contribute to psychiatric symptoms among military populations, which in turn can guide treatment planning and interventions.
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Valle, Dalila Somoza. "The role of acculturation in leader-member exchange." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2002. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2214.
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In light of the increase of Hispanic Immigrants (i.e 1st, 2nd, 3rd generation) in the U.S. workforce and the impact that the quality of the leader-member exchange has on the organization's success, this study investigated the quality of the relationship that emerges between hispanic subordinates and Anglo-American leaders (i.e who are most representative of the U.S. dominant culture).
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Papaconstantinou, Helen. "Are member states bound by the principle of undistorted competition and to what extent?" Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/213519.
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Júnior, Salvador Cândido Brandão. "Federalismo e ICMS: estados-membros em \"guerra fiscal\"." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/2/2133/tde-13112014-161700/.
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Diante do quadro federativo e da repartição de receitas tributárias delineadas na Constituição Federal, instalou-se no Brasil um clima de conflitos entre os Estados da Federação, utilizando-se dos tributos como instrumento. O Imposto sobre Operações Relativas à Circulação de Mercadorias e Prestação de Serviços de Transporte Interestadual e Intermunicipal e de Comunicação, conhecido como ICMS, foi atribuído pela Constituição Federal como de competência estadual. Com o argumento de exercício de sua autonomia, os Estados passaram a utilizar este imposto em busca de um aquecimento da economia local ao conceder incentivos fiscais de forma indiscriminada e sem a devida deliberação com os demais Estados, como exige a Constituição, com o objetivo de atrair investimentos privados com vistas ao desenvolvimento. Trata-se de um tributo plurifásico e não cumulativo, com repartição da arrecadação entre os Estados em operações ou prestações interestaduais. Com isso, quaisquer medidas unilateralmente adotadas por um Estado, não terão efeitos locais, mas nacionais. Por esta razão, a Constituição imprimiu diversas limitações e princípios para o exercício desta competência. Algumas limitações, em situações específicas, foram outorgadas para regulação por Lei Complementar e Resoluções do Senado Federal, como medida de uniformização do imposto. Sendo o ICMS um imposto que impacta as relações interestaduais, já que possui alta mobilidade da base tributável, o problema que se busca investigar é se a autonomia tão defendida pelos Estados representa liberdade de ação, ou se autonomia possui um conteúdo e limitações que devem ser observadas para seu exercício. Ainda, buscase a partir da leitura do texto constitucional, se e como os Estados e Distrito Federal estão habilitados a agir para intervir na economia, induzindo os agentes econômicos a tomarem decisões desejadas pelo ente estatal e se o incentivo fiscal é um instrumento para o desenvolvimento. Se positiva a resposta, dentro de quais parâmetros. A conclusão a que se chega é que autonomia dos entes federados não é sinônimo de liberdade. Autonomia significa, juridicamente, reger-se e governar-se por leis próprias nos termos da Constituição Federal. Sofre, portanto, limitações e é preenchida em seu conteúdo pelos princípios constitucionais e as demarcações de competências. Dentro deste quadro é que a autonomia será exercida sem peias ou necessidade de aval de outro ente político. Nestes termos, especificamente para a concessão de incentivos fiscais de ICMS, a Constituição exige deliberação prévia entre Estados e Distrito Federal, na forma em que estabelecer a Lei Complementar. Portanto, o primeiro limite da autonomia dos Estados para a concessão de incentivos fiscais está condicionada a esta deliberação. Ainda, caso o objetivo do incentivo fiscal seja induzir os agentes econômicos a realizarem investimentos em seus territórios, como instrumento na busca pelo desenvolvimento, além da deliberação dos Estados, é preciso observar as regras da Ordem Econômica e as demarcações de competência regulamentar para que o incentivo fiscal possa ser concedido. Apenas dentro destas molduras que a autonomia será exercida.<br>Considering the federalism and the distribution of sub national tax revenues outlined in the Federal Constitution, a climate of conflict between the states of the federation, using taxes as an instrument, been causing disturbances in Brazil. The Tax on Circulation of Goods and Services of Interstate and Inter municipal Transportation and Communications, known as ICMS, was assigned by the Federal Constitution as a states tax. Arguing exercise of their autonomy, states began to use this tax in search of a warming of the local economy by giving tax incentives indiscriminately and without due deliberation with the other states, as required by the Constitution, with the goal of attract private investment with a view in growth and development. It is a value-added tax levied throughout the production chain with the breakdown of revenues among states in interstate operations. Therefore, any measure adopted unilaterally by a State, will have a national effect. With this concern, the Constitution prescribes several limitations and principles to exercising this taxation. Some limitations, were granted to regulation by Complementary Law and Resolutions of the Senate, as a issue of uniformity of tax. Being the ICMS a tax that impacts interstate relations, as it has high mobility of the tax base, the problem that seeks to investigate is whether the \"autonomy\" as advocated by States represents freedom of action, or if autonomy has a content and limitations that should be observed for their exercise. Still, analyzing the Constitution, intended note whether and how States are allowed to act to interfere in the economy, inducing economic agents to make decisions desired by the government and if the ICMS incentive is an instrument for development. If the answer is positive, in which parameters. The conclusion reached is that the autonomy of the sub national governments is not synonymous of freedom. Autonomy means, legally, is govern itself by its own laws under the principles and rules of Federal Constitution. Suffering, therefore, limitations and its content is filled by the constitutional principles and competences. Within this framework is that autonomy is exercised unfettered or need for approval of another political entity. Accordingly, specifically to grant ICMS tax incentives, the Constitution requires prior resolution between States, as a condition to establish the tax benefit. Therefore, this is a limitation of the States autonomy to grant tax benefits. Still, if the purpose of the tax incentive is to induce economic agents to make investments in their territories, as an instrument in the pursuit of development, besides the deliberation of states, they must observe the rules of the Economic Order and the demarcations of regulatory rules in order to the tax incentives to be provided. Only within these frames that autonomy will be exercised.
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Caldwell, Jessica. "Relocating segregation : the Pea Island Life-Saving Station /." Huntington, WV : [Marshall University Libraries], 2006. http://www.marshall.edu/etd/descript.asp?ref=654.
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Theses (M.A.)--Marshall University, 2006.<br>Includes abstract. Originally issued in electronic format. UMI number: 1434476. Includes bibliographical references (p. 100-108). Also available via the World Wide Web.
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Pitoňáková, Lívia. "Think-tanks-and Their Role in the New EU Member States:Czech and Slovak Experience." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2007. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-14353.
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V práci jsou analyzovány kořeny, vývoj, současné postavení, hrozby a výzvy think-tanků v České a Slovenské republice. Srovnání s jejich tradicí ve Spojených státech zkoumá přenositelnost amerického "modelu" think-tanků do střední a východní Evropy. Tento přenos je značně omezený a krátkodobě nerealizovatelný vzhledem k rozdílným legislativním podmínkám a nerozvinuté filantropii. Zvláštní pozornost je věnována motivům k vytváření regionálních i mezinárodních sítí think-tanků. Práce vychází jednak z dosavadní literatury na toto téma, jednak z dotazníkového šetření.
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Steingass, Sebastian Dionysius. "Federating EU development cooperation? : Europe's contributions to international development effectiveness." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2018. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/283603.
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The European Union (EU) has long strived to act collectively in the face of international challenges such as poverty, hunger and state fragility beyond its borders. While the EU member states and institutions seek coherent responses to these challenges, they also have partly competing agendas. Yet there has been increasing agreement on collective action. To understand this agreement, this thesis asks how policy professionals contribute to the advocacy of policy norms for collective action between the EU institutions and the member states. The research analyses policy processes in EU development cooperation since the early 2000s. In development cooperation the EU's effectiveness has been particularly contested because of the combination of competing ideas about the EU's role and about how to achieve effective and sustainable development. The research finds that, while formal decisions about collective action remain in the hands of member states, transnational networks of policy professionals in the EU institutions, member state bureaucracies and civil society contribute to shaping the terms of debate regarding the EU's role in effective development cooperation. These network interactions, which form around institutional decision-making centres, transcend the organisational boundaries of member state bureaucracies, EU institutions and civil society organisations. These findings fill a gap in our understanding of how EU norms governing collective external action are advocated as existing research has tended to focus on how institutional structure facilitate state coordination. By concentrating on the cases of Germany and the United Kingdom and their engagement with the EU institutions, the research revises existing, dominant views on norm advocacy in EU external action: It links the previously little related concepts of norm advocacy and discursive networks to analyse the agency and scope of policy professionals in the advocacy of EU policy norms; and it provides new empirical insights into the role of these policy professionals for collective action between the EU institutions and the member states in development cooperation.
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Roženský, Vojtěch. "Determinanty sociálních výdajů v zemích EU." Doctoral thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-165061.
Full textAbstract:
The aim of the thesis is to identify the determiants of social expenditure levels in EU member states and estimate the sensitivities. The analysis is based on the fixed effects model with robust standard errors. Seven out of the 24 variables, that have been tested, are statistically significant. Social expenditure levels are positively dependent on population ageing, unemployment rate and economic level, and negatively on economic growth. The openness of economy and public debt ratio are also robust. The presence of a christian party in government is also statistically significant, however, the coefficient is not theoretically consistent. The sensitivity of social expenditure level to the share of population aged 65 years and over on the total population, is about 0,30. It means, that on average, the rise in the share of the old by 1 percentage point, is followed by the rise of social expenditure level by 0,3% of the GDP. In case of unemployment rate, economic growth and the openness of economy, the sensitivity estimates are 0,3, -0,1 and -0,03. The sensitivities to the other three robust variables cannot be quantified due to a strong dependence on the exact model specification or a bias, caused by extreme values. The expenditure on pensions are relatively more dependent on population ageing, whereas other social expenditure are more sensitive to current position in economic cycle. The determinants in the old and the new EU member states are similar, with only one exception, as the expenditure levels in the new member states are less dependent on demographic structure. The model explains international differences and the changes during the period between 1990 and 2010.
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Pitoňáková, Lívia. "Think-tanks and Their Role in the New EU Member States: Czech and Slovak Experience." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2007. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-1094.
Full textAbstract:
V práci jsou analyzovány kořeny, vývoj, současné postavení, hrozby a výzvy think-tanků v České a Slovenské republice. Srovnání s jejich tradicí ve Spojených státech zkoumá přenositelnost amerického "modelu" think-tanků do střední a východní Evropy. Tento přenos je značně omezený a krátkodobě nerealizovatelný vzhledem k rozdílným legislativním podmínkám a nerozvinuté filantropii. Zvláštní pozornost je věnována motivům k vytváření regionálních i mezinárodních sítí think-tanků. Práce vychází jednak z dosavadní literatury na toto téma, jednak z dotazníkového šetření.
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James, Linda Bethel. "A study of policies and procedures used to evaluate members of the superintendent's cabinet in selected school districts in the United States, 1988-89." Diss., Virginia Tech, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/39915.
Full textAbstract:
The accountability movement in education has lead to performance based evaluations for teachers, principals, and district superintendents (Hanson, 1985). Although central office administrators serve a critical leadership role in the school system (Wimpleberg, 1987), little research has focused on this group of administrators. To be effective, an evaluation system must be supported by the total environment of the organization; without use of evaluation at the highest level of the school system, acceptance of its use at lower levels will be impeded (Bolton, 1980).
The purpose of this study was to examine board policies and administrative procedures used to evaluate the "superintendent's cabinet"--central office administrators who report directly to and are evaluated by the superintendent. Specifically, the study addressed 1) board policies and administrative procedures currently used, 2) differences among districts, and 3) procedures considered desirable in evaluation of the cabinet.
The population consisted of the 139 school districts that were members of either Mid-Urban Superintendents Association or National Federation of Urban-Suburban School Districts. Policies and procedures were examined via responses to a census questionnaire and through analysis of documents. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, cross tabulations, and chi-square tests.
Formal evaluation of central office administrators was mandated by the state or specified in board policy in more than two-thirds of the districts. The average superintendent's cabinet consisted of 7 members. Evaluation occurred annually, was used for multiple purposes, and was obtained through various methods. Few differences occurred among districts related to size of the district. Currently used procedures were rated as most desirable by the superintendents.<br>Ed. D.