Dissertations / Theses: 'Static perspective of competition'

1

Blank, Malin, and Anna Maria Persson. "The Swedish food retail market : An econometric analysis of the competition on local food retail markets." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Management and Economics, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-2521.

Full text

Abstract:

The Swedish food retail market contains of three major actors, ICA, KF and Axfood, all in all dominating 75 percent of the total market shares. The scant number of retailing actors indicates that the Swedish food retail market is a highly concentrated oligopoly, which as a fact has given rise to definite discussions and argumentations concerning the market situation. But is the food retail market imperfect and how do we reach a workable competition? Economic theory does not provide any clear answer on these questions, but is rather divided into two fundamentally different approaches to define competition: the static and the dynamic perspective on competition.

In an attempt to examine the competition on local Swedish retail markets, the purpose of this study is to carry out an econometric model estimating the situation. The model serves to explain the variation of ICA’s achievements measured in terms of turnovers obtained in the company. The explanatory variables composing the model are divided into three separate groupings: degreeof market concentration, storespecific factors and region-specific factors. Furthermore, in order to find out which one of the competitive explanations best fits the reality, the regression results are interpreted from a static and a dynamic perspective of competition. In part, we also aim to compare the results with the outline of the Swedish competition law.

We found that the level of concentration obtained in our material is high and is steadily increasing. We also found that stores do not, in any great extent, use price, service and quality as competitive methods. Thus, to gain competitive advantage, market actors must find other ways to carry out strategic market activities. The region-specific variables had either none or very little influence on ICA’s turnover. According to these findings, neither the static nor the dynamic perspective of competition is solely able to produce an accurate method for reaching a state of a workable competition. Instead, a combination of the static and the dynamic ideas may be regarded as the most advantageous way to generate suitable conditions for competition to be efficient. Therefore, in order to promote workable competition, the Swedish competition law must consist of a balance between the static and the dynamic view of competition.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

2

Adel, Fatma El-Zahraa. "L'effectivité du droit égyptien de la concurrence : essais de mise en perspective." Thesis, Paris 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA01D014.

Full text

Abstract:

Après des décennies de mise en œuvre d’une politique économique protectionniste et enfermée, l’Égypte a opté en 1991 pour l’économie du marché et l’ouverture de ses frontières aux échanges internationaux. Dès lors, il manquait une pièce importante de lutte contre les cartels et le pouvoir de marché de manière générale. En 2005, l’Égypte a finalement adopté sa première législation de concurrence. Au regard de l’importance de l’Égypte au niveau régional et mondial, sur le plan économique et politique, il est opportun de s’intéresser à l’effectivité du droit égyptien de la concurrence, dans le but d’apprécier ses avancées et ses faiblesses et de proposer des pistes de perfectionnement. Cette étude cible des aspects qu’elle juge prioritaires : les règles substantielles, procédurales et institutionnelles visant la lutte contre les ententes secrètes, les abus de position dominante et les concentrations. Les appréciations et propositions sont faites à partir d’une mise en perspective de systèmes juridiques qui ont été choisis en référence : ceux de deux pays en développement (Brésil et Afrique du sud) et ceux des pays développés (Union européenne, la France et, à titre subsidiaire, les États-Unis). Elles entendent également tirer profit des travaux d’organisations internationales
After decades of adopting a protective and closed economic policy, Egypt has finally opted in 1991 for the market economy and the opening of its borders to international trade. However, an important aspect was missing ; the fight against cartels and market power in general. In 2005, Egypt has finally adopted its first competition law. Given the importance of Egypt at the regional and global levels, from both economic and political perspectives, it is timely to pay attention to the effectiveness of Egyptian competition law in order to evaluate its level of progress and its weaknesses and to propose methods and means of enhancement. This study is targeting issues and matters that are considered to be priorities: substantive, procedural and institutional rules aiming for fighting against cartels, abuse of dominance and mergers. The assessments and proposals set out in this study have been made in perspective of legal systems that have been chosen as reference: those of two developing countries (Brazil and South Africa) and those of developed countries (European Union, France and, alternatively, the United States). They also intend to benefit from the work of international organizations

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

3

Aloi, Marta. "Macroeconomics and imperfect competition : a static and a dynamic approach." Thesis, University of York, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.298386.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

4

Bade, Alexander. "Bayesian portfolio optimization from a static and dynamic perspective /." Münster : Verl.-Haus Monsenstein und Vannerdat, 2009. http://d-nb.info/996985085/04.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

5

Zainorabidin, Adnan. "Static and dynamic characteristics of peat with macro and micro structure perspective." Thesis, University of East London, 2010. http://roar.uel.ac.uk/2631/.

Full text

Abstract:

Peat soils occur in many countries but are often described differently both from qualitative and quantitative perspective. It is primarily derived from the anaerobic decomposition of plant and animal matter. Due to this composition, the structure and fabric of this soil is very different from inorganic soils like clay, sand and gravel. Peat soils normally regarded with apprehension by geotechnical engineer due to the lack of understanding for its geotechnical properties. However the rapid pace of urban infrastructure development and diminishing land resources for such development and the abundance of peat soil deposits in the marginal areas demand an urgent need for a through geotechnical characterisation of peat soils. According to Von Post classification, peat can be classified as Fibrous; soil materials contain three fourths or more (by volume) fibres after rubbing, Hemic; intermediate in their degree of decomposition and Sapric; more decomposed amorphous materials. This research is primarily focused on the static and dynamic properties of two classes of peat; Hemic and Fibrous obtained from different location where Holme Fibrous Peat 1 (HFP1) and Holme Fibrous Peat 2 (HFP2) in Holme Fen Post (Cambridgeshire, United Kingdom); Solway Hemic Peat (SHP) in Solway Post (Carlisle, United Kingdom) and Malaysia Hemic Peat (MHP) in Western Johore (Malaysia). There is an estimated 1.6 million hectares (minimum) of peat land available in United Kingdom and meanwhile Malaysian peat was approximately 2.6 million hectares, respectively. The behaviour and composition of these peats are different from each other, accentuating the need for a useful engineering geological classification of peat soils. The understanding of the static and dynamic behaviour of peat is still embryonic in the field of geotechnics and need to be fully understood. Additionally, the effects fibre in the peat soils accentuate the dearth of knowledge and therefore a clear understanding of the overall static and dynamic properties of peat soil is very necessary. Experimental results for undrained cyclic triaxial tests using VJ Tech Cyclic Triaxial Testing Apparatus are presented. Soils are subjected to dynamic loading of various forms. Some of these forms, which are those from sources such as earthquakes, traffic loads and wave. To assess the level of the consequent ground motion of the soil, two parameters those are vital in dynamic analysis; shear modulus (G) and damping ratio (D) properties. Results show distinct differences in the parameters for the hemic and fibrous peat. The significant of peat type, microstructure, loading frequency, confining pressure and index properties are also discussed. The interpretation of soil genesis based on fabric analysis is essential to ascertain its influence on the analysis of its engineering behaviour. Aydemir et al. (2004) suggested the use of image analysis in research to identify more clearly the composition and structure of the fabric in a soil. Literature shows its usage to be focused more on inorganic soils. The imaging technique that was used in the laboratory to analyse different types of peat soils are explained. Comparing the techniques, the author found that the image analyses of a digital image were more representative as the analysis was carried out on the whole sample. However the preparation of sample for image analysis need to be done carefully as explained in this research in order to minimize the disturbance to the sample particle. The author also initiates that for classification of peat; it is important to include image analysis for fabric and not based on the laboratory tests only. Some thought provoking concepts of fabric and micro structural studies of the tested peat soils are discussed with a view to initiating a peat classification that will prove useful in ground investigation and subsequent geotechnical design. This helps geotechnical engineers to appreciate the various techniques available in image processing to investigate the particle arrangement and facilitate to classify the peat soils more appropriately. This research is contributing to provide a further useful classification as to the current classification for different classes of peat.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

6

Iglesias, Ana Elisa A. "To Forbear or not to Forbear? A Behavioral Perspective of Multimarket Competition." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2010. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/managerialsci_diss/19.

Full text

Abstract:

Multimarket competition has become a substantial part of the modern economy. As such, it has drawn the attention of academics in both economics and strategy fields. Many studies have found empirical evidence of mutual forbearance in several industries, but despite its importance, its behavioral roots have not been explored. In my dissertation I integrate the reality of boundedly-rational decision makers into the mutual forbearance hypothesis. I apply an outgrowth of the behavioral theory of the firm – the shifting focus model of risk taking – to the study of competitive behavior. I propose a behavioral model of multimarket competition that focuses on corporate strategic decisions - market entry and exit decisions, regardless of entry mode (e.g. acquisitions) or exit mode (e.g. divestitures). This approach provides a granular view of changes in the business scope of the firms in terms of product and geographic markets served. I test my hypotheses in the U.S. property liability insurance industry over a 12-year period (1998-2008). I argue that firms follow the mutual forbearance logic as long as their performance goals are satisfied. However, under conditions of adversity, firms shift attention to recovering from the performance shortfall and their actions deviate from the mutual forbearance predictions. This dissertation shows that underperforming firms with abundant slack take longer to forbear, and underperforming firms with limited slack start forbearing sooner, as predicted. By bridging behavioral and competitive perspectives to the study of market entry and exit decisions, I underscore the value of cross-fertilization in strategy research.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

7

Jalali, VarqaÌ Carlos. "The evolution of the Portuguese party system in comparative European perspective since 1974." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.248926.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

8

Alawar, Hamad Mansoor Mohd Aqil. "An investigation into the relationship between static and dynamic gait features : a biometrics perspective." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/13840.

Full text

Abstract:

Biometrics is a unique physical or behavioral characteristic of a person. This unique attribute, such as fingerprints or gait, can be used for identification or verification purposes. Gait is an emerging biometrics with great potential. Gait recognition is based on recognizing a person by the manner in which they walk. Its potential lays in that it can be captured at a distance and does not require the cooperation of the subject. This advantage makes it a very attractive tool for forensic cases and applications, where it can assist in identifying a suspect when other evidence such as DNA, fingerprints, or a face were not attainable. Gait can be used for recognition in a direct manner when the two samples are shot from similar camera resolution, position, and conditions. Yet in some cases, the only sample available is of an incomplete gait cycle, low resolution, low frame rate, a partially visible subject, or a single static image. Most of these conditions have one thing in common: static measurements. A gait signature is usually formed from a number of dynamic and static features. Static features are physical measurements of height, length, or build; while dynamic features are representations of joint rotations or trajectories. The aim of this thesis is to study the potential of predicting dynamic features from static features. In this thesis, we have created a database that utilizes a 3D laser scanner for capturing accurate shape and volumes of a person, and a motion capture system to accurately record motion data. The first analysis focused on analyzing the correlation between twenty-one 2D static features and eight dynamic features. Eleven pairs of features were regarded as significant with the criterion of a P-value less than 0.05. Other features also showed a strong correlation that indicated the potential of their predictive power. The second analysis focused on 3D static and dynamic features. Through the correlation analysis, 1196 pairs of features were found to be significantly correlated. Based on these results, a linear regression analysis was used to predict a dynamic gait signature. The predictors chosen were based on two adaptive methods that were developed in this thesis: "the top-x" method and the "mixed method". The predictions were assessed for both for their accuracy and their classification potential that would be used for gait recognition. The top results produced a 59.21% mean matching percentile. This result will act as baseline for future research in predicting a dynamic gait signature from static features. The results of this thesis bare potential for applications in biomechanics, biometrics, forensics, and 3D animation.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

9

Alawar, Hamad M. M. A. "An Investigation into the Relationship between Static and Dynamic Gait Features. A biometrics Perspective." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/13840.

Full text

Abstract:

Biometrics is a unique physical or behavioral characteristic of a person. This unique attribute, such as fingerprints or gait, can be used for identification or verification purposes. Gait is an emerging biometrics with great potential. Gait recognition is based on recognizing a person by the manner in which they walk. Its potential lays in that it can be captured at a distance and does not require the cooperation of the subject. This advantage makes it a very attractive tool for forensic cases and applications, where it can assist in identifying a suspect when other evidence such as DNA, fingerprints, or a face were not attainable. Gait can be used for recognition in a direct manner when the two samples are shot from similar camera resolution, position, and conditions. Yet in some cases, the only sample available is of an incomplete gait cycle, low resolution, low frame rate, a partially visible subject, or a single static image. Most of these conditions have one thing in common: static measurements. A gait signature is usually formed from a number of dynamic and static features. Static features are physical measurements of height, length, or build; while dynamic features are representations of joint rotations or trajectories. The aim of this thesis is to study the potential of predicting dynamic features from static features. In this thesis, we have created a database that utilizes a 3D laser scanner for capturing accurate shape and volumes of a person, and a motion capture system to accurately record motion data. The first analysis focused on analyzing the correlation between twenty-one 2D static features and eight dynamic features. Eleven pairs of features were regarded as significant with the criterion of a P-value less than 0.05. Other features also showed a strong correlation that indicated the potential of their predictive power. The second analysis focused on 3D static and dynamic features. Through the correlation analysis, 1196 pairs of features were found to be significantly correlated. Based on these results, a linear regression analysis was used to predict a dynamic gait signature. The predictors chosen were based on two adaptive methods that were developed in this thesis: "the top-x" method and the "mixed method". The predictions were assessed for both for their accuracy and their classification potential that would be used for gait recognition. The top results produced a 59.21% mean matching percentile. This result will act as baseline for future research in predicting a dynamic gait signature from static features. The results of this thesis bare potential for applications in biomechanics, biometrics, forensics, and 3D animation.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

10

Fourie, Linda Ann. "The Competition Act as seen from a business perspective : discussion and helpful tools." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/49707.

Full text

Abstract:

Thesis (MBA)--Stellenbosch University, 2001.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The recent enactment of the Competition Act 89 of 1998, has resulted in a world of speculation and discussion. The reason seems to be that the previously 'protected' monopolies who were allowed to continue with business without fear of retribution, have now been stopped in their tracks with the new legislation. South African legal application and protection has been rather one sided in previous years with specific reference to the protection of minorities. This was exasperated by the political and economical situation in South Africa in the eighties. Sanctions led to consolidation of companies and industries, because companies were not allowed to take money of the country. This had a negative result on the competitive situation and the little guys had to survive on the dregs. The new Act is based on the American anti-trust legislation as well as the competition law of the European Union. It is therefore of utmost importance to take note of this international law with specific reference to the interpretation of the Competition Act due to the fact that the Act is so recent. The Competition Act expressly provides for the use of foreign law in the interpretation of the Act. This project is not a comparative study between current competition legislation available in the world. It purports to be a more user friendly guide to business people to make the Act more useful and understandable. The project focuses on some helpful hints to assist the reader with interpretation and application. The project gives a short description of the development of competition legislation in South Africa in Chapter 2. Chapter 3 is a discussion on the main sections of the Act that deal with prohibited practices, dominant position, mergers and remedies and enforcement. A few examples are given of uncompetitive behaviour. Chapter 4 deals with the helpful hints and illustrates thresholds as determined in section 11, with the help of diagrams, it also lists a few helpful references of handy resources. The project ends off with a short conclusion.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die onlangse inwerkingtreding van die Wet op Mededinging 89 van 1998, het 'n wêreld van spekulasie en bespreking ontketen. Die rede hiervoor is dat die voorheen "beskermde monopolieë" tot op hede kon voortgaan met besigheid sonder stoornis, hierdie stuk wetgewing het hulle egter nou tot halt geroep. Suid-Afrikaanse regswerking en -beskerming was in die vorige jare van regering effens eensydig met betrekking tot beskerming van minderhede. Die verskynsel is aangehelp deur die politieke en ekonomiese situasie waarin SA homself bevind het in die tagtigerjare. Sanksies het gely tot konsolidasie van maatskappye en industrieë, aangesien firmas nie geld uit die land mag geneem het nie. Die resultaat hiervan was monopolieë en konglomerate. Hierdie verskynsel het negatief ingewerk op kompeterende ekonomiese toestande, en die "kleiner outjies" moes die krummels van die tafel af eet. Die nuwe stuk wetgewing is gebasseer op die Amerikaanse "anti-trust" wetgewing sowel as die kompetisie wetgewing van die Europese Unie. Dit is noodsaaklik om kennis te neem van hierdie Internasionale wetgewing, veral in terme van die interprestasie van die Wet op Mededinging, siende dat ons eie wetgwing baie resent is. Die Wet maak ook daarvoor voorsiening dat Internasionale reg in ag geneem moet word vir interpretasie van enige van die artikels van die Wet. Hierdie werkstuk is nie 'n vergelykende studie tussen die bestaande wetgewing wat in die wêreld beskikbaar is nie, maar poog om 'n meer gebruikers vriendelike gids te wees vir veral besigheidsmense om die Wet makliker bruikbaar en verstaanbaar te maak. Die studie fokus daarop om 'n opsommende beskrywing te gee van die Wet sowel as die formulering van bepaalde hulpmiddels om die leser van hulp te wees met interpretasie en toepassing. Die werkstuk gee 'n kort beskrywing van die ontwikkeling van Kompetisie wetgewing in Suid-Afrika in Hoofstuk 2. Hoofstuk 3 is 'n bespreking van die hoof artikels van die Wet wat handelaar beperkende praktyke, dominansie, samesmeltings en oornames, remedies en afdwinging. Daar volg ook 'n bespreking van 'n paar tipiese voorbeelde van onkompeterende praktyke. Hoofstuk 4 handel oor hulpmiddels en illustreer by wyse van diagramme, die drempels vir vasstelling van welke firma onderhewig is aan artikel 11, sowel as 'n paar verwysings van handige bronne. Die werkstuk sluit af met 'n kort gevolgtrekking.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

11

Abedi, Valugerdi Natasha. "Parallel trade of pharmaceutical drugs within the European Union : a competition law perspective." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Juridiska institutionen, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-149739.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

12

Wan, Feng. "Converting country-specific advantages into firm-specific advantages : a new perspective on developing and sustaining competitive advantage in emerging markets." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.648274.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

13

Guo, Hua. "Competition law from a global perspective : the case of multinational corporatons' self-regulating standards." Thesis, University of Macau, 2010. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b2147557.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

14

Wang, Chunlei. "Social networks, competition, and institutionalization : an integrated perspective on social influence in innovation diffusion /." May be available electronically:, 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/login?COPT=REJTPTU1MTUmSU5UPTAmVkVSPTI=&clientId=12498.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

15

Kanellopoulou, Evgenia. "Test for echo : competition law and the music industries from a business model perspective." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/31351.

Full text

Abstract:

The thesis asks whether there is a role for competition law and policy in the music industries. It is argued that there is a need for updated competition policy in order to safeguard both end consumer welfare and the competitive process in these markets, characterised by fast-paced developments and business model innovation. Indeed, the past two decades saw the music industries undergo seismic changes, as even the term 'music industries' was not in use as such before the advent of the internet era and the decline in sales of recordings in physical format. Soon it became obvious that the traditional music industry's end consumers had chosen to migrate to alternative methods of consumption, complementing and substituting between several products for music, such as the digital format, the live concert ticket, and the overall 'music experience'. End consumers chose to completely by-pass the product on offer, meaning the recording of popular music in physical format, as provided top-down by a few multinational record companies, which the thesis identifies as an oligonomy. As alternative business models emerged in the music industries, the members of the oligonomy became followers of end consumer demand, remaining stuck in their notion that the end consumer remains the passive, mass market. Addressing this era as an era of market failure helps to identify the role of the end consumer within the business model of the music industry and to understand emerging trends and patterns in the music industries. Indeed, technological and copyright developments in the late nineteenth century enabled the hardware industries to morph into the recorded music industry, operating under the same business model of copyright exploitation. It follows that the market deriving from this business model is a market prone to monopolisation, resulting in a homogeneous product, designed and delivered top-down to the mass market. The resulting product was not only foreclosed by the few members of the oligonomy, but the operating business model made it impossible for the competition authorities to justify concerns. When the technology allowed for it, the creeping market failure came to the limelight and the end consumer started by-passing the oligonomy to gain access to the foreclosed content, generating consumer demand-driven business models. This translated into business model innovation. To illustrate, the thesis investigates the trial-and-error relationship between the competition authorities of the US, the EU, the UK and the old business model, addressing the failure to appreciate the bottleneck around the creative output that was being created, and the need to safeguard consumer welfare. To compare, the thesis also examines cases in the new business model era, observing the stance of competition authorities towards consumer demand generated business models. The thesis concludes with the affirmation of the need to design welfare enhancing competition policy, which places the end consumer in the forefront. To achieve this, the thesis proposes the consultation of the relevant business model literature.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

16

Forsman, J. (Jukka). "Heterospecific attraction in breeding bird communities:implications to habitat selection and species interactions in a landscape perspective." Doctoral thesis, Oulun yliopisto, 2000. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9514256263.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract I studied the structure of European breeding forest bird communities on several spatial scales focusing on heterospecific attraction among birds (i.e., the attraction of individuals to the company of interspecifics). Namely, I examined how heterospecific attraction affects habitat selection in migrant birds and the potential role of predation risk in enhancing heterospecific attraction during breeding with particular emphasis regarding the interaction between resident and migrant birds. Geographically, low densities and low relative proportions of resident titmice (Parus and Aegithalos spp.) were associated with harsh winter conditions. The densities of northern European titmice populations are suggested to be lower than expected on the basis of summer productivity potentially causing geographical variation with respect to the interactions between resident and migrant birds. As expected, the associations between titmice and migrants appear stronger and more positive in northern Europe than elsewhere. Heterospecific attraction in habitat selection among migrant species was studied both experimentally and theoretically. An increased density of titmice resulted in a higher number and abundance of migrant species than the removal treatment, suggesting that resident birds are used as cues for locating profitable breeding sites. From a theoretical perspective and under most conditions, the use of heterospecific cues proved to be a better habitat selection strategy than selection of sites based on direct assessment of the relative quality of habitat patches. Only when interactions (both positive and negative) between migrants and residents were weak and sampling costs of both strategies were about equivalent, did individuals using direct sampling gain in fitness. Heterospecific attraction during breeding in relation to predation risk was assessed by examining the spatial distribution of birds. Both experimentally increased perceived predation risk and naturally occurring predation risk created by the presence of sparrowhawk (Accipiter nisus) i.e., relative to the vicinity of nesting hawk, resulted in more clumped distribution of birds than areas of lower risk. Around sparrowhawks nest, however, clumping was apparent for only one forest type and only among study plots including both large (≥ 20 g, preferred prey) and small birds (< 20 g). To conclude, heterospecific attraction of migrants to resident birds contributes to the structure of local avian communities in forest landscapes. Heterospecific attraction among birds is strengthened by increased predation risk causing variation in species interactions when considered in a landscape perspective.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

17

Chiang, Chi Hang. "A critical review of the Hong Kong new competition regime : a comparative perspective of objectives, institutions, and scope." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2017. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:aa7e70a1-5f28-4841-9e62-e9760b1267f9.

Full text

Abstract:

This thesis examines the effectiveness of the competition regime in Hong Kong (HK), which is one of the few remaining developed economies to yet implement a competition law. In its search for the optimal dynamics of the regime, the thesis offers a tripartite examination on its objectives, institutions and scope of application, and how these three distinct internal dimensions individually and jointly influence the effectiveness of the regime. Furthermore, a critical review is offered on two significant external factors, land hegemony and the political regime, both of which exert a strong force on the competition regime. This interdisciplinary research project encompasses legal, political, economic, and market-contextualized analysis. Given that HK has a new competition regime, and is an international financial, communication, and transportation centre, it is appropriate and apposite to evaluate it by international standards. The thesis begins with an examination of three internal dimensions. As a preliminary, it considers the extent to which HK benefits from a free economy with a sound competitive environment. It then moves on to investigate the first dimension, which is that of the objectives of the competition law in terms of its clarity, prioritization and consistency. Following this, the thesis investigates the second dimension, the institutions of the Competition Commission and the Competition Tribunal, by asking how the structure shapes the substance of enforcement. It explores the limitations and virtues of major institutional models and which model is the most appropriate for HK. In its third dimension, the thesis questions the adequacy of the scope of competition law, with a focus on the near blanket exclusion of public entities. Commentary is offered on how to achieve a level playing field between private and public sectors. Following the evaluation of the three internal dimensions, the thesis focuses on their correlations. The discussion reviews the challenges and puts forward a wide range of measures to manage them. Finally, the thesis explores the significance of two external powers, land hegemony and political regime, and suggests several long-term solutions which the author believes would lead to the steady optimization of the competition regime.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

18

Debande, Olivier. "Reliyng on market mechanisms to organize the public sector: a contractual perspective." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/212004.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

19

Constance, Scott C. (Scott Charles) 1975, and Jeffrey R. 1970 Gower. "A value chain perspective on the economic drivers of competition in the wireless telecommunications industry." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/8891.

Full text

Abstract:

Thesis (M.B.A.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management, 2001.
Includes bibliographical references.
We address aspects of uncertainty brought about by the rapid pace of change in the wireless telecommunications industry. We draw upon elements of value chain theory in developing a systematic historical perspective on these changes in wireless telecommunications. We draw upon elements of classical economic theory in understanding the dynamics driving these changes. A System Dynamics model is constructed to bridge the theoretical and empirical gap between value chain theory and classical economics. We use this model to understand the dynamics of possible future changes in the wireless telecommunications industry. Model validation results show that our economic and value chain analyses are insightful in explaining the growth, innovation paths, and competitive dynamic of wireless communications value chain participants.
by Scott C. Constance and Jeffrey R. Gower.
M.B.A.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

20

Mnguni, Peliwe Pelisa. "Mutuality, reciprocity and mature relatedness a psychodynamic perspective on sustainability /." Swinburne Research Bank, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1959.3/22485.

Full text

Abstract:

Thesis (PhD) - Australian Graduate School of Entrepreneurship, Swinburne University of Technology - 2008.
Submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, Australian Graduate School of Entrepreneurship, Swinburne University of Technology, 2008. Includes bibliographical references (p. 212-236).

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

21

Sioulas, Andreas. "The relevant market : From an air passenger perspective." Thesis, Jönköping University, JIBS, Commercial Law, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-12221.

Full text

Abstract:

This thesis intends to analyze and clarify the relevant market within air passenger transport. Further the thesis intends to investigate if there is any difference in air passenger transport in accordance to more general business. The definition of the relevant market is an essential step in order to establish a breach under European competition law. The relevant market includes the relevant product market and the relevant geographic market. The fundamental issue in the relevant product market is whether products are considered to be substitutable and can constitute the same market. The Commission has set a notice which includes methods and criterias and serves as guidelines to courts and companies to define the relevant market. The notice is however not binding for courts. The CJ have developed implementation of the criterias which it tends to refer to even if it is a different branch, however a case-by-case based definition is needed. The definition of the relevant market is based on three main criterias: demand substitutability, supply substitutability and potential competition. Even though the supply substitutability seems not be implemented in a further extension in more general branches, it seems to be of greater importance when defining the relevant market within air passenger transport. The air passenger transport has also established a test called base of origin and base of destination which includes an analysis of price, travel frequencies, comfort of the journey, transfer time to terminals and differences in the qualities and quantities in airports. However according to air passenger transport, travel sequences seems to be the criteria that courts focus most on.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

22

Taherian, Fereshte [Verfasser], Nico van der [Akademischer Betreuer] Vegt, and Markus [Akademischer Betreuer] Biesalski. "Molecular Perspective of Static Wetting: Simulation and Theory / Fereshte Taherian. Betreuer: Nico van der Vegt ; Markus Biesalski." Darmstadt : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Darmstadt, 2013. http://d-nb.info/111090245X/34.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

23

Mancero-Bucheli, Gabriela. "Competition law and policy in the Andean community and its member states : an EC law perspective." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.621790.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

24

Sangar, Kanshko. "Russia and the international struggle around Afghanistan, 2001-2012 : competition and co-operation in historical perspective." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2018. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/10052118/.

Full text

Abstract:

This PhD thesis makes numerous original contributions to the sphere of knowledge on the topic of Russian foreign policy in Central Asia and Afghanistan, and this is achieved by its research questions, framework, methodology and approach, structure and main findings. It is the first and only study that attempts to examine in sequence Russia’s relations on Afghanistan with a group of states in 2001-2012 in a historical and geopolitical context as well as Russia’s role and interests in Afghanistan from early 19th century until Taliban and post-Taliban periods. The thesis is guided by following research questions: (a) why, from Russia’s perspective, has Afghanistan historically been significant in Russia’s struggle against its adversaries, and why is this central when researching these issues; (b) what are Russia’s main interests in 21st century Afghanistan, a country bordering its “backyard” and “underbelly,” the strategically-important Central Asia; (c) what are the specifics of Russia’s relations with key players in Afghanistan, and to what extent has Russia succeeded in defending its national interests in Afghanistan and the wider region?; and, (d) how can Russia’s involvement in Afghanistan and its ties with all major regional powers explain Russian’s broader foreign policy approaches since 2001? The study’s main finding is that Russia’s relations with key players and other countries in their dealings with Afghanistan frequently go against the wider relationship with these countries. This is due to a number of significant motives that are explored in this thesis. Firstly, while Central Asian dominance played a crucial role in Russia’s self-perception as a “Great Power” throughout the history examined in this study the construct of Afghanistan as a buffer zone and as a region to pressure Russia’s Central Asian “soft underbelly” is deeply entrenched in Russia’s geopolitical culture and strategic-thinking. Thus, the history of Russia’s engagement with the West plays an integral role in Moscow’s foreign policy articulations vis-à-vis Afghanistan and major regional geo-political actors. In the 21st-century, in addition to becoming a source of a security threats, Afghanistan became critical for Moscow because it was of great significance to Russia’s “Great Power” identity, to Moscow’s approaches to the strategically-important “near abroad,” and to the country’s domestic socio-economic policies due to increasing use of illicit drugs emanating from Afghanistan. Furthermore, the landlocked country became a critical factor in Moscow’s relationship with all other geo-political players in Eurasia, predominantly the United States but also China, India, Pakistan, Iran and the five Central Asian states. In a detailed and in-depth empirical investigation of Russia’s bilateral and multilateral relationships not only with Afghanistan itself but also with the other active players in Afghanistan this study also demonstrates that Russia is a declining “Great Power” in terms of its influence in the region; this thesis also contends that Russia’s foreign policy did not follow a strategy between 2001 and 2012 – it was situational and tactically driven and Russia did not plan a neo-imperial expansion since Putin’s rise. Finally, this study concludes that Russia often trumpets (Pokazukha) its foreign policy, creating the illusion of a “Greatpowerness.” Indeed, on the regional level, Russian foreign policies were situational and Moscow's initiatives would focus on issues and problems that the Kremlin found beneficial at that particular moment. The Russian authorities, in other words, would be occupied with issues that were beneficial from a PR and political technology perspective, e.g. demonstrating to the Russian people that Moscow is a significant regional player and impressing Russia’s rivals and enemies - if there were no such component, Moscow would simply ignore the matter and consequently avoid involvement.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

25

Summers, Michael H. "Perspective taking in Dyadic Interactions: Influences of Cooperation and Competition on Third Person Representation of Movement." Cleveland State University / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=csu1307045325.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

26

Le, Roux J. D. (Johan Derik). "Grinding mill circuit control from a plant-wide control perspective." Thesis, University of Pretoria, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/61307.

Full text

Abstract:

A generic plant-wide control structure is proposed for the optimal operation of a grinding mill circuit. An economic objective function is defined for the grinding mill circuit with reference to the economic objective of the larger mineral processing plant. A mineral processing plant in this study consists of a comminution and a separation circuit and excludes the extractive metallurgy at a metal refinery. The comminution circuit's operational performance primarily depends on the mill's performance. Since grindcurves define the operational performance range of a mill, the grindcurves are used to define the setpoints for the economic controlled variables for optimal steady-state operation. For a given metal price, processing cost, and transportation cost, the proposed structure can be used to define the optimal operating region of a grinding mill circuit for the best economic return of the mineral processing plant. The plant-wide control structure identifies the controlled and manipulated variables to ensure the grinding mill circuit can be maintained at the desired operating condition. The plant-wide control framework specifies regulatory and supervisory control aims which can be achieved by means of non-linear model-based control. An impediment to implementing model-based control is the computational expense to solve the non-linear optimisation function. To resolve this issue, the reference-command tracking version of model predictive static programming (MPSP) is applied to a grinding mill circuit. MPSP is an innovative optimal control technique that combines the philosophies of Model Predictive Control (MPC) and approximate dynamic programming. The performance of the proposed MPSP control technique, is compared to the performance of a standard non-linear MPC (NMPC) technique applied to the same plant for the same conditions. Results show that the MPSP control technique is more than capable of tracking the desired set-point in the presence of model-plant mismatch, disturbances and measurement noise. The performance of MPSP and NMPC compare very well, with definite advantages offered by MPSP. The computational speed of MPSP is increased through a sequence of innovations such as the conversion of the dynamic optimization problem to a low-dimensional static optimization problem, the recursive computation of sensitivity matrices, and using a closed form expression to update the control. The MPSP technique generally takes only a couple of iterations to converge, even when input constraints are applied. Therefore, MPSP can be regarded as a potential candidate for on-line applications of the NMPC philosophy to real-world industrial process plants. The MPSP and NMPC simulation studies above assume full-state feedback. However, this is not always possible for industrial grinding mill circuits. Therefore, a non-linear observer model of a grinding mill is developed which distinguishes between the volumetric hold-up of water, solids, and the grinding media in the mill. Solids refer to all ore small enough to discharge through the end-discharge grate, and grinding media refers to the rocks and steel balls. The rocks are all ore too large to discharge from the mill. The observer model uses the accumulation rate of solids and the discharge rate as parameters. It is shown that with mill discharge flow-rate, discharge density, and volumetric hold-up measurements, the model states and parameters are linearly observable. Although instrumentation at the mill discharge is not yet included in industrial circuits because of space restrictions, this study motivates the benefits to be gained from including such instrumentation. An Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) is applied in simulation to estimate the model states and parameters from data generated by a grinding mill simulation model from literature. Results indicate that if sufficiently accurate measurements are available, especially at the discharge of the mill, it is possible to reliably estimate grinding media, solids and water hold-ups within the mill. Such an observer can be used as part of an advanced process control strategy.
'n Generiese aanlegwye beheerstruktuur vir die optimale beheer van 'n maalmeulkring word voorgehou. 'n Ekonomiese doelwitfunksie is gedefinieer vir die maalmeulkringbaan met verwysing tot die ekonomiese doelwit van die groter mineraalverwerkingsaanleg. 'n Mineraalverwerkingsaanleg bestaan in hierdie studie slegs uit die vergruisings- en skeidingskringbane. Die ekstraktiewe metallurgie by die metaal raffinadery word uitgesluit. Die vergruisingskringbaan se operasionele werksverrigting is hoofsaaklik van die maalmeul se werksverrigting afhanklik. Aangesien maalkurwes die bereik van die maalmeul se werksverrigting beskryf, kan die maalkurwes gebruik word om die stelpunte van die ekonomiese beheerveranderlikes te definieer vir werking by optimale gestadigde toestand. Gegewe 'n bepaalde metaalprys, bedryfskoste, en vervoerkoste, kan die voorgestelde struktuur gebruik word om die optimale werksgebied vir die maalmeulkring te definieer vir die beste ekonomiese gewin van die algehele mineraalverwerkingsaanleg. Die aanlegwye beheerstruktuur omskryf die beheerveranderlikes en manipuleerbare veranderlikes wat benodig word om die maalmeulkring by die gewenste werksgebied te handhaaf. Die aanlegwye beheerstruktuur spesifiseer regulatoriese en toesighoudende beheer doelwitte. Hierdie doelwitte kan bereik word deur gebruik te maak van nie-lineêre model gebaseerde beheer. Die probleem is dat die bewerkingskoste om nie-lineëre optimeringsfunksies op te los 'n struikelblok is om model gebaseerde beheer op industriële aanlegte toe te pas. Ter oplossing hiervan, word die stelpunt-volg weergawe van model gebaseerde voorspellende statiese programmering (MVSP) toegepas op 'n maalmeulkringbaan. MVSP is 'n innoverende optimale beheertegniek, en bestaan uit 'n kombinasie van die filosofieë van model gebaseerder voorspellende beheer (MVB) en aanpassende dinamiese programmering. Die verrigting van die voorgestelde MVSP beheertegniek word vergelyk met die verrigting van 'n standaard nie-lineëre MVB (NMVB) tegniek deur beide beheertegnieke op dieselfde aanleg vir dieselfde toestande toe te pas. Resultate dui aan dat die MVSP beheertegniek in staat is om die gekose stelpunt te midde van model-aanleg wanaanpassing, steurnisse, en metingsgeraas te volg. Die verrigting van MVSP en NMVB vergelyk goed, maar MVSP bied duidelike voordele. Die bewerkingspoed vir MVSP word vinniger gemaak deur die dinamiese optimeringsprobleem in 'n laeorde statiese optimeringsprobleem te omskep, die sensitiwiteitsmatrikse rekursief uit te werk, en deur 'n geslote uitdrukking ter opdatering van die beheeraksie te gebruik. Die MVSP beheertegniek benodig normaalweg slegs 'n paar iterasies om tot 'n oplossing te konvergeer, selfs indien beperkings op die insette toegepas word. Om die rede word MVSP as 'n potensiële kandidaat beskou vir aanlyntoepasings van die NMVB filosofie op industriële aanlegte. Die MVSP en NMVB simulasie studies hierbo neem aan dat volle toestandterugvoer moontlik is. Hierdie is nie altyd moontlik vir industriële maalmeulkringbane nie. Om die rede is 'n nie-lineêre waarnemingsmodel van 'n maalmeul ontwikkel. Die model onderskei tussen die volumetriese hoeveelheid water, vaste stowwe, en maalmedia in die meul. Vaste stowwe verwys na alle erts wat klein genoeg is om deur die uitskeidingsif aan die ontslagpunt van die meul te vloei. Maalmedia verwys na rotse en staalballe in die meul, met rotse wat te groot is om deur die uitskeidingsif te vloei. Die waarnemingsmodel maak gebruik van die ontslaantempo en die opeenhopingstempo van vaste stowwe as parameters. Indien die meul se ontslagvloeitempo, ontslagdigtheid, en totale volumetriese aanhouding gemeet word, is alle toestande en parameters van die waarnemingsmodel lineêr waarneembaar. Alhoewel instrumentasie by die meul se ontslagpunt as gevolg van ruimte beperkings nog nie op industriële aanlegte ingesluit word nie, dui hierdie studie die voordele aan wat verkrygbaar is deur sulke instrumentasie in te sluit. 'n Verlengde Kalman Filter (VKF) word in simulasie gebruik om die model se toestande en parameters af te skat. 'n Bestaande maalmeul simulasie model vanuit die literatuur word gebruik om die nodige data vir die VKF te genereer. Resultate dui aan dat indien die metings akkuraat genoeg is, veral by die ontslagpunt van die meul, betroubare afskattings van die volumetriese hoeveelheid maalmedia, vaste stowwe, en water in die meul gemaak kan word. So 'n afskatter kan vorentoe gebruik word as deel van 'n gevorderde prosesbeheer strategie.
Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2016.
Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering
PhD
Unrestricted

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

27

Mirzaei, Ali. "An international study of bank performance : from the perspective of sustainability and externality." Thesis, Brunel University, 2012. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/12737.

Full text

Abstract:

The thesis assesses bank performance from two aspects: growth sustainability and the externality impact on the growth of non-financial industries. With regard to sustainability, the study considers two issues. One is financial performance with a focus on understanding what determines profitability and stability, particularly the role of market structure in generating profits. The second aspect is that of exploring what drives bank growth. Do banks grow through a competitive process or a noncompetitive one? In the context of externality, the thesis investigates whether bank competition and stability contribute to the growth of non-financial industries. The thesis starts by investigating the effects of market structure on profitability and stability using the sample data of 1929 banks from 40 countries including both emerging and advanced economies over 1999-2008. It attempts to examine which school of theories provide more explanatory power to profitability and stability in banks: the traditional structure-conduct-performance (SCP) or relative-market-power (RMP) hypotheses. The results show that a greater market share leads to higher bank profitability in favour of the RMP theory evidenced in advanced economies; however interestingly there is no evidence in support of these theories in emerging economies. Furthermore, the RMP effect appears more sustainable when compared with the SCP. This suggests that a more concentrated banking system may be more vulnerable to financial stability. Regarding the second aspect of banking sector performance, we look at an issue of competition by employing data from around 5850 banks across 49 economies during 2001-2010. We employ different industrial economics theories to estimate the degree of bank competition. The results show that bank competition varies across countries in terms of competition intensity and process. Some banks compete more intensity for efficiency and some compete less. Interestingly, all indicators show that emerging banking markets are less competitive than their counterparts in advanced economies. Furthermore, the thesis explores whether competition and stability in the banking sector can affect the growth and market structure of nonfinancial industries and hence economic growth. Empirical evidence from 23 industries for 48 emerging and advanced economies shows robustly that a more vigorously competitive and thus efficient banking sector allows financially dependent industries to grow faster through supporting small firms and new entrants that disconcentrate market structure. Policy implication is clear: competition, rather than market structure, is what we need for restructuring our banks that can help economic growth.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

28

Li, Yubin. "Integrated dynamic perspective on firm competencies and organizational performance : a study of China's large construction SOEs /." View the Table of Contents & Abstract, 2007. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B38724911.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

29

Fazel, Robin. "Enforcing Competition in the Pharmaceutical Sector : - A Multi-Perspective Analysis of Restrictions on Parallel Trade with Pharmaceutical Products." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Juridiska institutionen, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-379628.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

30

Warner, Sara-Louise. "A comparative perspective on competition law and regulation of premium pay-TV in the UK and Australia." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2017. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/105145/.

Full text

Abstract:

Digitalisation and convergence continue to transform the ways in which audio-visual content is supplied and consumed. This thesis examines the implications for the legacy regulatory frameworks of the analogue era. It explores the relationship between the prevailing approach to concurrent regulation under sector-specific legislation and general competition law, and the competitive conditions for the supply of premium pay-TV in the UK and Australia. Theories of harm for the assessment of market power relating to horizontal concentration of ownership, exclusive rights and refusal to supply, are also reviewed. Whilst acknowledging an enduring role for sector-specific regulation, the thesis advocates an increasing residual role for the enforcement of general competition law. This is supported by the reinforcing effects of digitalisation and convergence upon the network industry aspect of pay-TV and the multi-sided platform characteristics of pay-TV providers. The thesis identifies the need for greater emphasis on the dynamic aspect of competition in the premium pay-TV context. This calls for a broader conceptualisation of competition which critically reflects the growth of online streaming, the global phenomenon around premium drama and the rise of multi-media firms in a global communications sector. These findings are significant and timely because failure to employ a sufficiently broad concept of effective competition may perversely deter competitive conduct and unduly impede the investment incentives that are critical to premium pay-TV. It may also produce outcomes that are ostensibly inconsistent with the normative basis for sector-specific regulation. The thesis suggests reform at the interface between sector-specific legislation and general competition law, and refinement of the principles of competition law in their application to premium pay-TV. In doing so, it proposes a model of regulation which aims to more effectively balance the shared interest of viewers, as consumers and citizens, in the future development of pay-TV and the wider communications sector.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

31

Hölzl, Werner. "Convergence of financial systems. Towards an evolutionary perspective." Inst. für Volkswirtschaftstheorie und -politik, WU Vienna University of Economics and Business, 2003. http://epub.wu.ac.at/334/1/document.pdf.

Full text

Abstract:

This paper provides an evolutionary perspective on financial systems based on complex systems theory. This perspective is used to organize the discussion about the convergence and non-convergence of financial systems. In recent years the discussion about the relative merits and the efficiency of market- and bank-based financial systems is subject to considerable academic and policy debate throughout the world. Bank- and market-based systems are found to give rise to different economic and corporate dynamics. Based on a notion of financial systems as configuration of complementary elements, it is suggested that the convergence of financial systems is best conceptualized as path dependent process of institutional change. This is illustrated with special reference to the recent developments of convergence of financial systems in Europe. The implication of the evolutionary perspective on financial systems is that neither theories using a simple evolutionary argument of survival of the fittest nor theories related to a institutional ossification perspective can provide much guidance for analyzing the transformations of financial systems. A multilevel institutional analysis which takes the interdependencies between national and firm-level institutions explicitly into account is required. (author's abstract)
Series: Working Papers Series "Growth and Employment in Europe: Sustainability and Competitiveness"

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

32

Schwedes, Oliver. "The failure of integrated transport policy in Germany: a historical perspective." Elsevier, 2010. https://publish.fid-move.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A36359.

Full text

Abstract:

In order to reach a sustainable traffic development, the European Union follows the central idea of an integrated transport policy. In contrast to the widely accepted concept, the EU recently had to admit that in fact transport development goes in the opposite direction. This contradiction has to be explained. The article describes the long lasting succession of efforts to implement a far-reaching cooperation in the transport sector as is aspired to by an integrated transport policy. In each case, though, the political idea of cooperation was superseded by the economic one of competition. Therefore, the author argues in favour of a detailed scientific analysis of the necessary political conditions for an integrated transport policy, instead of continuing an untested concept.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

33

Wong, Heung-tsun. "The development of container ports in Guangdong : a port operator's perspective /." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 1999. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B42574869.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

34

Li, Yubin, and 李玉彬. "Integrated dynamic perspective on firm competencies and organizationalperformance: a study of China's largeconstruction SOEs." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2007. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B3896823X.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

35

Olsson, Sara, and Mona Svensson. "Konkurrensen mellan skolor sett ur ett studie- och yrkesvägledarperspektiv/The competition between schools in a career guidance perspective." Thesis, Malmö högskola, Lärarutbildningen (LUT), 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-27443.

Full text

Abstract:

SAMMANFATTNINGI detta examensarbete har vi genom kvalitativa intervjuer undersökt hur studie- och yrkesvägledare på kommunala och fristående gymnasieskolor i Skåne upplever den konkurrens som finns mellan skolor och hur den eventuellt påverkar deras arbete. För att få en förståelse för studie- och yrkesvägledares yrkesroll och arbetssituation har vi bl.a. gett en beskrivning av styrdokument, etiska regler och konkurrenssituationen mellan skolor. Vid vår tolkning har vi utgått från begreppen organisationskultur, skolkultur, syokultur och psykologiskt kontrakt. De slutsatser vi kan dra av vårt resultat är att samtliga vägledare menar att det finns en konkurrens mellan gymnasieskolor. Hur omfattande den är finns det inget entydigt svar på. Deras beskrivning av konkurrensen hänger samman med flera olika faktorer som t.ex. geografiskt läge och utbildningsutbud. Några av de effekter som vägledarna lyfter fram är den ökade valfriheten, pedagogisk förnyelse, differentiering samt en annan hänsyn till elevernas önskemål. Studie- och yrkesvägledarna i vår undersökning menar att det har blivit allt viktigare att synliggöra skolans verksamhet i olika sammanhang vilket gör att det är mer arbete med marknadsföring. Stundtals förväntas det att vägledarna ska göra reklam för sin skola. Ingen av våra respondenter anser dock att de fått en rekryterarroll. Bakgrunden till förväntningarna kring deras arbete anser vi hänger samman med att det finns en osäkerhet kring studie- och yrkesvägledarens yrkesprofession.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

36

Andersson, Helene. "Dawn Raids under Challenge : A Study of the European Commission’s Dawn Raid Practices in Competition Cases from a Fundamental Rights Perspective." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Juridiska institutionen, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-135720.

Full text

Abstract:

This doctoral dissertation examines the European Commission’s dawn raid practices in competition cases from a fundamental rights perspective. In recent years the Commission has adopted a new and more aggressive enforcement policy, which reflects the widespread understanding that cartels and abuse of market power are harmful to the economy and should be punished. Given both the considerable gains to be made through anti-competitive practices and the cartel’s nature of secrecy, effective application of the competition rules requires that competition authorities are vested with far-reaching investigatory powers. At the same time, EU fundamental rights protection has been strengthened through the Lisbon Treaty, and the Commission now has to ensure effective application of the EU competition rules while navigating through an array of fundamental rights, such as the right of the defence and the right to privacy. The doctoral dissertation explores whether it is possible to strike a balance between the interests of ensuring effective dawn raids and adequate fundamental rights protection, or whether the Commission has been handed an impossible task. As the EU Charter of Fundamental Rights requires EU fundamental rights protection to meet or exceed the standard set by the ECHR, the research is based on case-law from both the EU Courts and the European Court of Human Rights. The research demonstrates that the European Court of Human Rights has adopted a flexible approach towards inspections at business premises; it does not require an ex ante review of inspection decisions and accepts rather intrusive investigatory measures, provided that and as long as the procedural safeguards surrounding such measures are considered adequate. This way, the court manages to strike a balance between efficiency concerns and the rights of undertakings. As for the EU system, the EU Courts are not providing judicial review to the extent required by the ECHR. While inspection decisions may be challenged, the possibilities to challenge measures taken on their basis, or have those measures suspended, are limited. This discrepancy between EU and ECHR law – which is of seemingly limited nature – may affect the legitimacy of the entire dawn raid procedure as the granting of far-reaching investigatory powers must be counterbalanced by effective judicial control to ensure that measures adopted by the Commission are neither disproportionate nor arbitrary. Absent an effective judicial control of measures taken on the basis of inspection decisions, the procedural safeguards surrounding dawn raids cannot be considered adequate, and it is possible that the powers of the Commission may need to be restricted accordingly. The research also demonstrates that some of the limitations in the legal professional privilege – such as the exclusion of correspondence with non-EU lawyers or legal advice that lacks connection with the subject-matter of the investigation – do not serve the interests of a proper administration of justice and may therefore be questioned.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

37

au, k. bryant@murdoch edu, and Kate Alexandra Bryant. "The mating system and reproduction in the honey possum, Tarsipes rostratus: a life-history and genetical perspective." Murdoch University, 2004. http://wwwlib.murdoch.edu.au/adt/browse/view/adt-MU20050505.140613.

Full text

Abstract:

The honey possum Tarsipes rostratus, a marsupial endemic to South-Western Australia, feeds exclusively upon nectar and pollen. It is one of the smallest marsupials, with adult females (8-12g) significantly larger than adult males (6-9g). Honey possum males have the longest sperm (356µm) recorded for any mammaland the testes represent 4.2% body weight, amongst the largest recorded formammal species. These features suggest that sperm competition is an importantpart of the mating system. This study used a combination of field based studies,DNA analysis and histological examination of the female reproductive tract toinvestigate the life history, multiple paternity and reproduction of the honey possum innatural populations in the Fitzgerald River National Park (FRNP), on the south coastof Western Australia. This study drew upon earlier work on the honey possum in the FRNP in order to describe its life-history. The honey possum is short-lived (1-2 years), and attains sexual maturity whilst still growing. All four teats are occupied after birth, but the litter is reduced to 2 or 3 young during pouch life. The young have a relatively slow rate of growth. Breeding occurs continuously throughout the year, but is affected by the flowering phenologies of its foodplants. The greatest proportion of females with pouch-young occurs in winter; there are fewest pouch-young in autumn, a time of year when there is a dearth of flowers. Honey possums are essentially solitary animals, with no structured social unit, and male and female home ranges overlap. In captivity they are largely tolerant of one another, but larger females are behaviorally dominant to smaller females and to males. The densities and structure of the honey possum populations in the FRNP were analyzed from trapping data collected over 19 years. Population densities fluctuated significantly from season to season throughout the year, with changes in the flowering food resources available. There were also year-to-year differences in the intensity of those fluctuations, and these were significantly associated with rainfall in the previous year, and probably mediated through a lag effect in the flowering of the honey possums foodplants. The greatest densities of animals occurred over winter. In years following high rainfall, mean winter densities reached 88 individuals per hectare. The lowest densities occurred in spring, and in years following low rainfall mean spring densities fell to 8 individuals per hectare. Even at these lowest densities, there is still the potential for interaction between males and females. A succession from high to low, then back to high densities was seen during the three years of the present study (2000-2002) and this shadowed a similar succession of changes in rainfall. The proportion of females with pouch-young was significantly affected by the season, and by rainfall in the previous year. Years following low rainfall had a lower proportion of females in a condition to breed. The autumn dip in breeding that occurred in all years was exacerbated following dry years. Of those females that did breed in 2001, a time of low resources, there was no difference in the size of the litter compared to 2000 and 2002, times of higher resource availability. The sex-ratio of pouch young was at parity, but there was a slight bias towards males among both juveniles (56%) and adults (58%). This was probably due to the greater movements shown by males. Sex ratios were not affected by changes in rainfall and density. Male-biased dispersal was detected using genetic data and the movement patterns of males showed that they moved greater distances than females during their normal activity. Analysis of four microsatellite loci revealed extremely high levels of variation, with 28 to 50 alleles per locus and a mean expected heterozygosity of 0.95. These are amongst the highest seen in any microsatellite study of vertebrates. There was multiple paternity in 86% litters, using a minimum number of sires per litter method, and in 95% litters, using an estimated number of sires method based upon the relatedness of litter males. This indicates that multiple mating is frequent in female honey possums and is evidence for sperm competition. The estimated number of sires in a litter was often three or four. In 41% of cases, the number of sires was less than the number of young in the litter, indicating that some males were more successful at siring offspring than others. Nevertheless, no more than two offspring in a litter were known to have been sired by the same male. Despite marked fluctuations in density from high in 2000, to low in 2001, then high again in 2002, the level of multiple paternity remained equally high in all years. Embryonic diapause and female reproduction was investigated in the honey possum. All adult females examined, both with and without pouch-young, were either close to oestrus, had ovulated or were carrying conceptuses. The honey possum has a postpartum oestrus and it was evident that this occurs approximately 2-4 days after birth. Cleavage and formation of the unilaminar blastocyst appears to occur rapidly over approximately 5 days. Embryonic diapause proceeded in a two phase manner similar to other small possum species. The unilaminar blastocyst expanded rapidly at first; and then, from about 18-20 days after birth, the diameter of the blastocyst remained constant at approximately 1.2-1.8mm. No growth or development beyond the unilaminar stage was observed during pouch-life. The first signs of reactivation occurred during lactation, after pouch exit, and expansion of the blastocyst only occurred in one post-lactational female. The development of the corpus luteum appeared different to patterns described for other marsupials, but its formation coincided with the formation of the unilaminar blastocyst. The diameter of the corpus luteum remained constant throughout diapause. The histology of the reproductive tract was generally similar to other marsupials. There were no sperm storage crypts in the female reproductive tract. The length of pouch-life in the honey possum was 55-65 days, and the interval between litters of the same size varied between 65 and 100 days. Embryonic diapause may reduce the time between production of successive litters in the honey possum, but lifetime reproductive potential is reasonably low. Females had up to four litters over the period that they were captured. Thus, each litter represents a substantial proportion (25%) of a females lifetime reproductive output. Reproductive amortization occurred, with 61% loss overall, due to overproduction of ova, loss of conceptuses and reduction of the litter during lactation. The behavioural dominance of females suggests that multiple mating is an active strategy, and this presumably allows the genetic quality of their offspring to be maximized. Males that succeed in sperm competition may be of better intrinsic quality. Overproduction of conceptuses by females presents the opportunity for them to select those fertilized by intrinsically viable males or genetically compatible males. Sexually active males are present all year round. Females were not synchronous in their sexual receptivity, and this would lead to a skewed operational sex ratio, with more reproductive males than oestrous females. Since adult males are significantly smaller than adult females and possess no ornaments or armaments, it is unlikely that males overtly fight for access to females. Rather, males appear to monitor the reproductive status of females through smell, and probably compete in their ability to locate oestrous females. The risk and intensity of sperm competition is high, sexual selection for a large investment in spermatogenesis is evident and competition after copulation is probably an important factor in the mating system. It is likely that males, as well as females mate multiply, and the mating system is promiscuous.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

38

Wong, Heung-tsun, and 王香俊. "The development of container ports in Guangdong: a port operator's perspective." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1999. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B42574869.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

39

Ochieng, Irene Achieng, and Simbarashe Takawira. "Internationalization Challenges of Sharing Economy Firms: An Emerging African Markets Perspective." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för marknadsföring (MF), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-96343.

Full text

Abstract:

There has been an increase in research on the internationalization of sharing economy firms. However most of this research has largely focused on mature markets. Very little attention has been given to the internationalization of sharing economy firms in emerging markets particularly those from Africa. The African continent is different from mature markets and the internationalization challenges of sharing economy firms are therefore dissimilar. This study seeks to fill the existing knowledge gap by exploring the internationalization challenges faced by sharing economy firms from an emerging African market perspective. We also seek to understand the internationalization process of African sharing economy firms. Finally we seek to provide solutions on how African sharing economy firms can manage the challenges they face. This research was conducted using qualitative case studies of eight companies. Two have internationalized within and beyond Africa. Four have internationalized within Africa while two are yet to internationalize. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with founders and operations managers of the different sharing economy firms. The empirical findings show that African sharecoms can internationalize in a unique internationalization sequence, which starts with gradual internationalization to a “foreign gateway market” followed by rapid internationalization to other foreign markets. The study identified funding as the greatest challenge faced by African sharing economy firms while low adoption rates and mindset were the dominant psychic distance obstacles. The study also revealed that in Africa, technology is solely not enough by itself and extra effort needs to be undertaken to ensure successful internationalization of sharing economy firms. The research concluded that regulatory challenges are industry-specific rather than targeting sharing economy firms. Further, networks were an important combining factor facilitating the internationalization process and overcoming some challenges.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

40

Bramley, Wesley Joel. "The relationship between strength, power and speed measures and playing ability in premier level competition rugby forwards." Queensland University of Technology, 2006. http://eprints.qut.edu.au/16252/.

Full text

Abstract:

Physical tasks such as scrummaging, rucking and mauling are highly specific to rugby and also place unique physiological demands on the different playing positions within the forwards. Traditionally, the recruitment and development of talented rugby union players has focused on the assessment of motor skills and game intelligence aspects of performance, with less emphasis placed on the specific physiological requirements of playing positions in rugby. The purpose of this investigation was to measure the position-specific strength, speed and power characteristics of Premier rugby forwards in order (1) to determine whether any differences existed in the physiological characteristics of the different forward playing positions (prop, lock and loose forwards) and (2) to investigate the relationship between these physiological characteristics and coaches evaluations of football playing ability. Twenty-two male Premier level competition rugby forwards, consisting of eight prop forwards, five lock forwards and nine loose-forwards participated in the study. The Grunt 3000, a rugby specific force testing device was utilised to measure the static and dynamic horizontal strength during simulated scrummaging and rucking/mauling movements. Sprint times relating to acceleration ability (0 -10m, 0-20m) and maximum running speed (20 - 40m) were measured during a 40m sprint running test. In addition, force, power and displacement characteristics of a countermovement vertical jump were calculated from trials performed on a force plate. Also, player performance skill and physical capacity scores were determined independently by experienced coaches who assessed them based on their performances during the season. One-way analysis of variance and effect size statistics evaluated differences in the measured variables between forward playing positions and linear regression analysis evaluated the relationship between the coaches' scores of player performance skill and physical capacity and game specific measures of strength speed and power. Since there were no statistical significant differences between forward groups for horizontal force and countermovement jump variables and these analyses lacked statistical power, an effect size statistic was used to establish trends for differences in force and CMJ variables between the groups. There were moderate effect size differences between groups for horizontal impact force with prop and lock forwards producing 17.7% and 12.8% more force than the loose forwards respectively. No clear differences were apparent between forward positional groups for mean dynamic horizontal force and countermovement jump displacement of the centre of gravity. A significant difference (p =0.049) was shown between forward positional groups over the 0-40m sprint distance. Also, moderate effect size differences between pairs of groups were evident in 0-10m, 0-20m, 20-40m sprint times with both loose forwards and lock forwards on average, 6% faster than the prop forwards. A backward linear regression analysis revealed that the single best predictor of coaches' physical capacity and performance skill scores was the 20 - 40m sprint performance, accounting for 28% of the variance in player's physical capacity scores and 29% of the variance in player's performance skill scores. Whole-body horizontal static strength and impact strength in prop forwards and dynamic horizontal strength (relative to body mass) and sprint acceleration ability in loose forwards represent key factors for consideration when selecting forward players to these positions in the Premier rugby competition. The vertical jumping ability of all forward positional groups needs to be confirmed in a future study utilising a line-out specific countermovement jump test (free use of arm swing and line-out lifters in the jump) on a force plate. Monitoring of performance in rugby forwards should include an acceleration sprint test (0-10m) as this is specific to the sprinting patterns of forward players during a game, and maximum sprinting speed test (20-40m) as this test has the ability to discriminate between skilled and less-skilled rugby union forwards.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

41

Bachmann, Bernhard. "Concepts of ethical leadership and their potential implementation in organisations : an operational perspective." Thesis, Edinburgh Napier University, 2015. http://researchrepository.napier.ac.uk/Output/452917.

Full text

Abstract:

This study links ethical leadership theory to the implementation of improved leadership practices and examines whether ethical leadership characteristics actually exist, particularly in highly operational environments. The study analyses how ethical leadership can be embedded by process, by applied leadership (role modelling), and by changing culture and climate. The conclusion reveals that all three approaches are needed for an implementation and depend on middle managers, otherwise no organisational transformation is possible. The research design of this qualitative study analyses data from 100 in-depth interviews using inductive categorisation, aiming to retrieve deep, rich and unprompted data from a highly developed and advanced production facility. The ethical leadership characteristics, and evidence specific influences on leadership behaviour, revealing 14 perceived leadership issues resulting in a leadership climate which negatively influences motivation, performance, and corporate culture. These issues were found to be responsible for deteriorating work climate, motivation, morale, and team spirit. Particularly favouritism, inequalities, shouting, blaming, internal competition and unclear strategies ruin motivation, employee health, and co-operation. Concerning the implementation of a better suited leadership culture, a research framework model is developed, integrating transformational change and leadership. Findings document that the influence of middle managers acting as role models seems to be greater than research suggests. Key findings also show that individual leadership development without changing the corporate realities is not sufficient to implement ethical strategies. Neglecting to actively control the leadership climate can have devastating effects even for very successful operations. Considering the pressure of goal attainment in highly operational areas, an absence of unethical behaviour can already be seen as a success for leaders. Finally, a change process sequence for shaping leadership climate was identified. These research results are highly relevant for organisations and leaders wishing to be engaged in improving their leadership quality.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

42

Sukvibul, Nusara. "Les ententes dans les économies en transition : réflexions d'une perspective thaïlandaise." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM1066.

Full text

Abstract:

La politique et le droit de la concurrence ont pour objet de contrôler le comportement des opérateurs dans le marché. Du fait des effets pervers des ententes illégales à l’économie et à la société, la majorité des autorités de la concurrence autour du monde surveillent sérieusement ce genre de comportement. Néanmoins la Thaïlande est à la traîne. Cette recherche cherche la réponse à la question « pourquoi la politique et le droit de la concurrence ne sont pas efficaces en particulier dans les économies en transition ? ». La politique et le droit de la concurrence aux niveaux local (Thaïlande), régional (ASEAN) et international (OMC, OCDE, CNUCED et RIC) ont été traités, car ils reflètent les finalités du gouvernement à l’égard du marché économique. A fortiori, la démocratie , la corruption, la culture des affaires, l’influence abusive de l’administration des entreprises et des hommes politiques, le système judiciaire et législatif, la capacité des autorités concernées, le soutien financier, l’engagement du gouvernement, la responsabilité civique, l’arrangement institutionnel, le respect du droit de la concurrence des entreprises, la coopération des autorités aux niveaux local, régional et international sont autant de facteurs majeurs influençant le régime de la concurrence. En conclusion, il faut d’abord avoir la politique de la concurrence et ensuite le droit de la concurrence, la compétence d’autorité de la concurrence, l’efficacité d’implémentation des lois et les mécanismes exécutoires et non exécutoires
The competition policy and law are introduced to control the companies’ behaviors that restraint competition. The majority of the authorities from all around the world monitor this kind of behavior very closely and carefully because of the perverse effects of illegal agreements (Cartel) that hinder the economy and society. Given that Thailand is lagging behind. This research seeks for the answer to the question "why competition policy and law are not effective particularly in transition economy?". The competition policy and law at the local level (Thailand), regional level (ASEAN) and international level (WTO, OECD, UNCTAD and ICN) were analysed to reflect the aims of the government in the economic market. A fortiori, the political system (Democracy), the business culture and the bribery, the compliance of competition law by enterprises, the misuse of power by administrative agency and politicians, the judicial and legislative system, the capacity of the authorities, the financial support, the commitment of the government, civil responsibility, the institutional arrangement, the cooperation of the authorities at the local, regional and international level are all the major factors influencing the effective competition regime. In conclusion, first of all, the competition policy and law were required before the competition authority is established, followed by the effectiveness of implementation of laws and the binding and non-binding mechanisms

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

43

Hoffmann, Sven, and Christian Beste. "A perspective on neural and cognitive mechanisms of error commission." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2015. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-173661.

Full text

Abstract:

Behavioral adaptation and cognitive control are crucial for goal-reaching behaviors. Every creature is ubiquitously faced with choices between behavioral alternatives. Common sense suggests that errors are an important source of information in the regulation of such processes. Several theories exist regarding cognitive control and the processing of undesired outcomes. However, most of these models focus on the consequences of an error, and less attention has been paid to the mechanisms that underlie the commissioning of an error. In this article, we present an integrative review of neuro-cognitive models that detail the determinants of the occurrence of response errors. The factors that may determine the likelihood of committing errors are likely related to the stability of task-representations in prefrontal networks, attentional selection mechanisms and mechanisms of action selection in basal ganglia circuits. An important conclusion is that the likelihood of committing an error is not stable over time but rather changes depending on the interplay of different functional neuro-anatomical and neuro-biological systems. We describe factors that might determine the time-course of cognitive control and the need to adapt behavior following response errors. Finally, we outline the mechanisms that may proof useful for predicting the outcomes of cognitive control and the emergence of response errors in future research.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

44

Zoghbi, Ana Carolina Pereira. "Three essays on education from the perspective of the economics of public setor." reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/8210.

Full text

Abstract:

Submitted by Cristiane Oliveira (cristiane.oliveira@fgv.br) on 2011-05-26T13:47:57Z No. of bitstreams: 1 72070100769.pdf: 1516401 bytes, checksum: cdec66534b52e48dc6c4ebe76b189ac0 (MD5)
Approved for entry into archive by Gisele Isaura Hannickel(gisele.hannickel@fgv.br) on 2011-05-26T15:32:11Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 72070100769.pdf: 1516401 bytes, checksum: cdec66534b52e48dc6c4ebe76b189ac0 (MD5)
Approved for entry into archive by Gisele Isaura Hannickel(gisele.hannickel@fgv.br) on 2011-05-26T15:34:26Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 72070100769.pdf: 1516401 bytes, checksum: cdec66534b52e48dc6c4ebe76b189ac0 (MD5)
Made available in DSpace on 2011-05-26T17:17:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 72070100769.pdf: 1516401 bytes, checksum: cdec66534b52e48dc6c4ebe76b189ac0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-02-15
This work consists of three essays organized into chapters that seek to answer questions at first sight unrelated, but with one common denominator, which is the scarcity of public resources devoted to education, overall, especially in lower education. . The first chapter deals with the scarcity of resources devoted to education in a context of population aging. Two hypotheses were tested for Brazilian municipalities on the relationship between the aging of the population and educational expenditure. The first, already proven in the literature, is that there is an intergenerational conflict for resources and the increase of the share of elderly in the population reduces the educational expenditure. The second, proposed here for the first time, is that there should be reduction of competition for resources if there is a relationship of co-residence between young and old. The results indicated that an increase in the share of elderly reduces the educational expenditure per youth. But the results also illustrate that an increase in the share of elderly co-residing with youth (family arrangement more common in Latin American countries) raises the educational expenditure, which reflects a reduction of competition for resources between generations. The second chapter assesses the allocative efficiency of investments in Higher Education. Using the difference between first-year and last-year students’ scores from Enade aggregated by HEI as a product in the Stochastic Production Function, is possible to contribute with a new element in the literature aimed at estimating the production function of education. The results show that characteristics of institutions are the variables that best explain the performance of students, and that public institutions are more inefficient than the private ones. Finally, the third chapter presents evidence that the allocation of public resources in early childhood education is important for a better future school performance. In this chapter was calculated the effects of early childhood education on literacy scores of children attending the 2nd grade of elementary school. The results using OLS and propensity score matching show that students who started school at the ages to 5, 4, and 3 years had literacy scores between 12.22 and 19.54 points higher than the scores of those who began school at the ages 6 years or late. The results also suggest that the returns in terms of literacy scores diminish in relation to the number of years of early childhood education.
Este trabalho é composto por três ensaios organizados em capítulos que buscam responder questões a uma primeira vista independentes, mas com um denominador comum, que é a escassez de recursos públicos destinados à educação. O primeiro ensaio trata da escassez de recursos voltados à educação em um contexto de envelhecimento populacional. Foram testadas duas hipóteses sobre a relação entre o envelhecimento populacional e os gastos em educação. A primeira, já presente comprovada na literatura, é a de que há uma disputa intergeracional por recursos e o aumento na proporção de idosos reduz os gastos em educação. A segunda, proposta aqui pela primeira vez, é a de que deve haver redução dessa disputa por recursos se houver uma relação de co-residência entre jovens e idosos. Os resultados indicaram que um aumento no percentual de idosos, de fato, reduz os gastos por jovem em educação. Mas também foram encontradas evidências de que conforme aumenta a proporção de jovens e idosos co-residindo (arranjo familiar mais comum em países lationo-americanos), aumentam os gastos em educação, o que reflete uma atenuação da disputa intergeracional por recursos. O segundo capítulo avalia a eficiência alocativa dos investimentos realizados no Ensino Superior. Utilizando a diferença entre os escores de alunos ingressantes e concluintes do Enade agregados por IES como produto na Função de Produção Estocástica, foi possível contribuir com um elemento novo na literatura voltada à estimação de Função de Produção de Educação. Os resultados mostraram que as características das instituições são as variáveis que melhor explicam o desempenho. Adicionalmente, as instituições públicas são mais ineficientes que as privadas. Por fim, o terceiro capítulo apresenta evidências de que a alocação de recursos públicos na Educação Infantil é importante para um melhor desempenho escolar futuro. Nesse capítulo foram calculados os efeitos da educação infantil sobre os escores de alfabetização das crianças do 2º ano do Ensino Fundamental. Os resultados encontrados com o uso de OLS e de Propensity Score Matching mostram que alunos que ingressaram com 5, 4, e 3 ou menos anos de idade, obtiveram escores de alfabetização entre 12,22 e 19,54 pontos a mais do que os que ingressaram na escola com 6 anos ou mais. Os resultados também sugerem que os retornos são decrescentes em relação ao tempo de Educação Infantil.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

45

Alwuhaibi, Sami Abdallah. "A cultural perspective on the impact of family and society on the competitive advantage of organizations and nations." Diss., Mississippi State : Mississippi State University, 2009. http://library.msstate.edu/etd/show.asp?etd=etd-04032009-145755.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

46

Leroy, Aurelien. "Analyse des effets de la concurrence bancaire sur la stabilité et l'efficience : une perspective européenne." Thesis, Orléans, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ORLE0503/document.

Full text

Abstract:

L’expérience de la « Grande Récession » a conduit économistes et praticiens à porter une attention particulière àla stabilité financière,mais aussi, dans la perspective de sortie de crise, aux moyens de financer l’émergence d’unnouveau modèle de croissance plus durable.Dans ce contexte, notre thèse se propose d’apprécier l’influence de laconcurrence bancaire sur la stabilité et sur l’efficience, afin d’éclairer le débat sur le degré de concurrence optimalen Europe. À cet effet, on étudie, tout d’abord, les effets de la concurrence bancaire sur l’instabilité financière, ense saisissant du concept de risque systémique. Cela nous conduit à mener à bien deux études distinctes : l’uneportant sur la répartition du risque systémique entre entités financières, l’autre sur la procyclicité financière.Dansles deux cas, nous concluons à l’existence d’un lien positif entre concurrence et stabilité. Nous nous intéressonsensuite à la question de la stabilité en termes d’efficacité de la politique de stabilisationmonétaire. Dans ce cadre,on met en évidence que la concurrence bancaire améliore l’efficacité de deux canaux de transmission : le canal destaux d’intérêt et le canal du crédit bancaire. L’insuffisance de l’intégration bancaire européenne, dont témoignel’hétérogénéité de la concurrence, s’avère ainsi un facteur explicatif de la fragmentation observée de la zone euro.Finalement, nous considérons la possibilité que la croissance économique puisse être fonction de la concurrencebancaire. À cet effet, on montre d’abord que cette dernière aurait théoriquement deux effets contradictoires sur lacroissance économique, avant finalement, de faire valoir empiriquement que la concurrence bancaire exerce, enEurope, des effets négatifs sur la croissance économique, en particulier en freinant la croissance de la productivitéglobale des facteurs. Nos travaux accréditent donc l’idée que stimuler la concurrence conduit à un arbitrage entrestabilité et efficience
The experience of the “Great Recession” has led economists and policymakers to pay particular attention tofinancial stability. It also lead them to think how to get out of this recession, and particularly on the meansof financing the emergence of a new, more sustainable growth model. In this context, this thesis studies theinfluence of bank competition on stability and efficiency in order to shed light on the debate about the optimallevel of bank competition in Europe. For this purpose, we first study the effects of bank competition on financialinstability by focusing on the concept of systemic risk. This leads us to undertake two distinct studies: onefocusing on the distribution of systemic risk between financial institutions; the other on financial procyclicality.In both cases, we conclude that a positive link between competition and stability does exist.We then focus on thequestion of stability in terms of the effectiveness of the monetary stabilisation policy. In this respect, we show thatbank competition improves the efficiency of two channels of monetary transmission: the interest rate and thebank lending channels. Therefore, the lack of European banking integration, highlighted by the heterogeneity ofbank competition, is one factor that explains the fragmentation that can be observed in the Eurozone. Finally, weconsider the possibility that economic growth may be a function of bank competition. To do this, we first showhow competition could impact economic growth in theory, and find two opposing effects. We then demonstrateempirically that bank competition has negative effects on economic growth, in particular by decreasing totalfactor productivity growth. Our work hence supports the idea that stimulating competition leads to a trade-offbetween stability and efficiency

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

47

Liesegang, Caterina [Verfasser], Marco [Akademischer Betreuer] Runkel, Marco [Gutachter] Runkel, and Thomas [Gutachter] Eichner. "Reforming multinational corporate income taxation in the European Union : the transition from separate accounting to formula apportionment from a tax competition perspective / Caterina Liesegang ; Gutachter: Marco Runkel, Thomas Eichner ; Betreuer: Marco Runkel." Berlin : Technische Universität Berlin, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1156272939/34.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

48

Ioannidou, Aimilia. "L'intérêt général en économie de marché : perspective de droit de l'Union européenne." Thesis, Paris 2, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA020035.

Full text

Abstract:

Le droit de l’Union européenne induit de très importantes transformations du concept d’intérêt général dont notamment les deux suivantes Premièrement, dans le cadre du système juridique de l’Union l’intérêt général se décline désormais à deux niveaux, à savoir celui de l’Union et celui de ses Etats membres. Deuxièmement, le caractère principalement économique de l’Union européenne et de son droit, bien que quelque peu atténué, fait de la conception de l’intérêt général retenue au sein de l’ordre juridique européen une approche ancrée dans une perspective économique d’orientation libérale. Cela entraîne des conséquences significatives quant à l’agencement de la puissance publique et du marché dans les processus de définition ainsi que de mise en oeuvre de l’intérêt général, tant au niveau des Etats membres qu’au niveau de l’Union. Il en va d’ailleurs ainsi pour ce qui est des fonctions de l’intérêt général. L’objet de la présente thèse consiste en l’étude de ces transformations
The legal concept of general interest is significantly transformed under EU law. The most important transformations consist in the double-level (national and European) development of the concept and in the fact that the primarily economic character of EU law as well as its liberal orientation influence at a great extent the relation between public authority and the market as far as both the definition and the realization of the general interest, as well as its functions, are concerned. The object of the present thesis consists in a study of the aforementioned transformations

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

49

Lerviken, Anna, and Anna Olofsson. "Employer branding; process och arbetsmetoder : En kvalitativ flerfallsstudie." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för ekonomi, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-21764.

Full text

Abstract:

Bakgrund och Syfte: Tidigare forskning inom employer branding menar att det finns ett behov för ytterligare forskning vad gäller hur företag i praktiken tillämpar employer branding och vilka processer och arbetsmetoder som används. Syftet med vår studie är att utifrån ett styrningsperspektiv skapa förståelse för hur kunskapsintensiva företag genom tillämpning av employer branding hanterar konkurrensen om kompetenta medarbetare, med avseende på employer branding som process och dess arbetsmetoder. Metod: Denna studie är en kvalitativ flerfallsstudie som utgår från en abduktiv ansats. För att skapa förståelse har vi antagit ett hermeneutiskt synsätt. Det empiriska materialet har samlats in genom semi-strukturerade intervjuer, som sedan sammanställts utifrån de teman som vår teoretiska referenram är uppbyggd kring. I analysen har vi ställt empiri mot teori, samtidigt som vi jämfört företagen mot varandra. Resultat och Slutsats: Studien har påvisat tillämpning av arbetsmetoder i praktiken inom employer branding arbetet som tidigare forskning inte nämnt. Genom att vi kartlagt och identifierat nya arbetsmetoder menar vi att vi skapat ökad förståelse för tillämpning av employer branding som process och dess arbetsmetoder. Därav menar vi att syftet i studien besvarats. Förslag till fortsatt forskning: Då vi funnit att det finns en viss problematik med att mäta effekten av employer branding menar vi som förslag att det vore intressant att undersöka hur företag i praktiken upplever och hanterar mätningar inom employer branding över tid. Vi föreslår även att vidare forskning bör undersöka hur företag säkerställer att medarbetare lever upp till företagets EVP, i de fall då EVP innefattar värdeord som förutsätter medarbetarnas efterlevnad. Studiens bidrag: Vår studie bidrar med att minska det gap som finns i forskningen genom att vi i praktiken identifierat processer och arbetsmetoder som teorin tidigare inte nämnt. Vidare bidrar vi även med att tydliggöra och konkretisera tillämpningen av employer branding för företag i praktiken.
Aim: Previous research within employer branding suggests there is a need for further research regarding how companies use employer branding in practice and what processes and working methods they use. The purpose with our study is to, from a management-perspective, create an understanding for how knowledge-intensive companies through use of employer branding handle the competition of talented co-workers, regarding employer branding as a process and its working methods. Method: This is a qualitative multiple case study with an abductive approach. To create a deeper understanding we have applied a hermeneutic approach. The empirical data has been gathered through semi-constructed interviews, and then been analyzed from the themes in our theoretical framework. When analyzing, we have compared the empirical findings against the theory, and also compared the companies to each other. Conclusions: The study has demonstrated that the practitioners of employer branding are using working methods which previous research within the field have not mentioned earlier. We suggest, that through mapping the working methods, and through the fact that we have identified new working methods, we have created a deeper understanding of the use of employer branding as a process, and for the working methods used in practice. By doing so, we claim that we have responded to the purpose of our study. Suggested future research: We have discovered a problem regarding measuring the effect of employer branding. Therefore, we suggest that it would be interesting to study how companies handle and experience the measurings over time within employer branding. We also suggest further research regarding how companies ensure that co-workers conform to their employers´ EVP, in the case where the EVP implicates words that presume co-workers conforming to it. Contribution of the thesis: Our study contributes to the research by decreasing the gap we found in the research, by identifying processes and working methods within practice that previous research within the field have not mentioned earlier. We also contribute to practice by clarifying and concretizing the use of employer branding.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

50

Mattsson, Katarina. "Brukarens röst vid offentlig upphandling." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Handikappvetenskap, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-144031.

Full text

Abstract:

Studiens syfte är att fånga brukarperspektivet och dess upplevda konsekvenser av en ofrivillig förändring i befintliga boendemiljön, på grund av en offentlig konkurrensupphandling. Studien är genomförd med kvalitativ metod och insamlandet av empirin gjorde jag genom semistrukturerade intervjuer. Intervjupersonerna tillika brukarna i studien har en lindrig intellektuell funktionsnedsättning. Den tidigare forskningen och teoretiska utgångspunkt för studien är brukarperspektiv, förändring, social identitet och Antonovskys (2009) teorier om känsla av sammanhang, KASAM. Intervjupersonerna i studien beskriver processen som en lång och kaotisk tid med hög psykisk press, vilket går att jämföra med en traumatisk kris. De upplever sig inte vara delaktiga i förändringen utan beskriver sig stå utanför handlingens centrum. De beskriver att de inte fått tillräckligt med anpassad information om vad den kommande förändringen innebär och saknar förmåga att tolka den abstrakta ofrivilliga förändringen. Intervjupersonerna uppfattar att besluten är tagna utan deras delaktighet och att de står utan påverkansmöjligheter. Samtliga beskriver att de fått fysiska besvär av olika slag på grund av upphandlingsprocessen. De uttrycker en låg grad av begriplighet, hanterbarhet och meningsfullhet i händelserna. Intervjupersonerna menar att beslutet att byta utförare känns oförklarligt och beskriver den kommande verksamhetsövergången som meningslös och de önskar att den inte ska bli verklighet. Intervjupersonerna upplevde att personalen utgjorde en viktig del av deras i övrigt glesa sociala nätverk. Intervjupersonerna beskriver att personalen varit obeslutsamma kring om de ska arbeta kvar eller inte. Intervjupersonerna förstår inte varför personal väljer att sluta och tolkar besluten som att det beror på dem själva och upplever sig bli bortvalda av personalen. Studien visar på behov av att utveckla arbetsmetoder som fångar brukarnas frågeställningar och funderingar för att bättre kunna förbereda dem på en kommande förändring av den här digniteten. Studien visar att intervjupersonerna hamnar i en komplex och mycket utsatt marginaliserande situation vid en verksamhetsövergång efter en offentlig konkurrensupphandling.
The aim of the study is to capture the perceived consequences of an involuntary change after a public competitive procurement of an existing group-home with special services, from a care taker/service user’s perspective. The study was conducted with qualitative method, and the collection of empirical evidence was through interviews. Respondents and users in the study have a mild intellectual disabilities. The previous research and the theoretical starting point that the study had been in is; service user perspective, change models, social identity and Antonovsky's (2009) theories of SOC, sense of coherence. The service users in the study describes a chaotic time with mental pressure during the change process, which can be comparable with traumatic crisis. They experienced fear and felt that the change was difficult to understand. The users describe a lack of knowledge of the upcoming changes. They felt they were unable to interpret and organize the communicative information that they had received. They identified that decisions were taken over their heads and had the feeling that they were without influence during the whole process. All respondents described different physical symptoms as consequents of the procurement. The service users express a low degree of comprehensibility, manageability and meaningfulness in the whole process and experience fear and the decisions seems inexplicable and nonsensical. They describe the future business transition as a burden and an unfortunate circumstance they wish to get undone. They feel themselves not to be involved in the upcoming change, and describes that they are outside the center of act and therefor choose to focus on the staffs decision whether they will stay or quit their posts. They blame themselves when members of the staff decide to quit and they feel themselves to be eliminated by the staff. The social context of the users turned out to contain sparse networks and property staff emerged as a significant and important part of their lives. The study demonstrates the need to develop working methods that capture the user’s questions and concerns in order to better prepare them for upcoming changes. The study shows that users end up in a complex and very exposed situation and are marginalized in the process of a public competitive procurement.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Static perspective of competition'

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles