Academic literature on the topic 'Static phantom'

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Journal articles on the topic "Static phantom"

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Shin, Hyun Joo, Myung-Joon Kim, Choon-Sik Yoon, Kwanseop Lee, Kwan Sik Lee, Jong-Chul Park, Mi-Jung Lee, and Haesung Yoon. "Motion effects on the measurement of stiffness on ultrasound shear wave elastography: a moving liver fibrosis phantom study." Medical Ultrasonography 1, no. 1 (February 4, 2018): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.11152/mu-1138.

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Aims: To evaluate the differences between shear wave velocities (SWVs) measured with ultrasound elastography during the continuous motion using liver fibrosis phantoms.Materials and methods: Elasticities were measured with convex and linear transducers of supersonic shear wave imaging (SSI) and acoustic radiation force impulse imaging (ARFI) using liver elasticity phantoms (3.0 and 16.9 kPa) at depths of 2, 3, 4, and 5 cm. Motion velocities were 30 and 60 rpm with the phantoms in an upright position on the Orbital shaker. To simulate different directional motion, the phantoms were laid on their side on the shaker. The values between moving and static status were compared, and the number of measurement failure was counted. Results: In SSI, the convex transducer was less affected by motion at 30 rpm with the 3 kPa phantom. In the higher velocity motion and in the higher stiffness phantom, most values from SSI were different comparing with static status, and there was a tendency for elasticity values to increase during movement. In ARFI, there were frequent measurement failures without stable results during the motion.Conclusions: Motion affected the measurement of elasticity differently in SSI and ARFI, according to the velocity, direction of the motion, and phantom stiffness. The convex transducer of SSI was less affected by motion in lower velocity motion and when using normal liver stiffness phantom.
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El-Nabulsi, Rami Ahmad. "Asymptotically Static Universe Dominated by Phantom Energy." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung A 70, no. 2 (February 1, 2015): 101–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zna-2014-0242.

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AbstractIn this article, we investigated a generalised scalar field cosmology characterised by a time-dependent coupling function, a time-dependent cosmological constant, a chameleonic field, and a time-dependent equation of state parameter. Based on a particular choice of the Hubble parameter as function of the scalar field and its time derivative, we have investigated the dynamics of the Friedmann–Robertson–Walker flat universe. We have observed that for a particular choice of the free parameters in the theory, the universe accelerates with time and asymptotically tends toward a static universe. For specific values of the free parameters, the asymptotically static universe may be dominated by phantom energy or a cosmological constant without the need to implement in the theory multiple scalar fields or additional interactions. It is also pointed out that an asymptotically static universe is as well one special class of solutions for Horndeski and generalised galileons cosmologies. Special properties and features are discussed accordingly.
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DZHUNUSHALIEV, VLADIMIR, and VLADIMIR FOLOMEEV. "4D STATIC SOLUTIONS WITH INTERACTING PHANTOM FIELDS." International Journal of Modern Physics D 17, no. 11 (October 2008): 2125–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218271808013753.

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Three static models with two interacting phantom and ghost scalar fields are considered: a model of a traversable wormhole, a branelike model and a spherically symmetric problem. It is shown numerically that regular solutions exist for all three cases.
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Pawel Gromek and Mariusz Nepelski. "The Methodology to Evaluate a Rescue and Training Phantom for the Road Rescuing Organized by Police Officers as Exemplified by Crash Kelly." Communications - Scientific letters of the University of Zilina 23, no. 3 (July 1, 2021): F83—F95. http://dx.doi.org/10.26552/com.c.2021.3.f83-f95.

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The paper presents a methodology to evaluate a rescue and training phantom for road rescuing organized by Police officers. The methodology is exemplified by the Crash Kelly phantom, static and dynamic functionalities of which seem to be more frequently implemented in the road safety training processes. It stems from a morphological analysis, focusing on the quality of rescue activities, emergency resources’ adequacy and the training levels. In addition, experts’ evaluation allows to examine phantoms using 6 practically determined criteria, expressing their strengths and weaknesses in analysed context. The results introduce Crash Kelly as a reference training equipment for Police officers dedicated to rescue victims after the road accidents. Basing on the research results, practical training guidelines are formulated.
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SEMİZ, İBRAHİM. "ALL "STATIC" SPHERICALLY SYMMETRIC PERFECT FLUID SOLUTIONS OF EINSTEIN'S EQUATIONS WITH CONSTANT EQUATION OF STATE PARAMETER AND FINITE POLYNOMIAL "MASS FUNCTION"." Reviews in Mathematical Physics 23, no. 08 (September 2011): 865–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129055x1100445x.

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We look for "static" spherically symmetric solutions of Einstein's Equations for perfect fluid source with equation of state p = wρ, for constant w. We consider all four cases compatible with the standard ansatz for the line element, discussed in previous work. For each case, we derive the equation obeyed by the mass function or its analogs. For these equations, we find all finite-polynomial solutions, including possible negative powers. For the standard case, we find no significantly new solutions, but show that one solution is a static phantom solution, another a black hole-like solution. For the dynamic and/or tachyonic cases we find, among others, dynamic and static tachyonic solutions, a Kantowski–Sachs (KS) class phantom solution, another KS-class solution for dark energy, and a second black hole-like solution. The black hole-like solutions feature segregated normal and tachyonic matter, consistent with the assertion of previous work. In the first black hole-like solution, tachyonic matter is inside the horizon, in the second, outside. The static phantom solution, a limit of an old one, is surprising at first, since phantom energy is usually associated with super-exponential expansion. The KS-phantom solution stands out since its "mass function" is a ninth order polynomial.
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Strehlow, Jan, Xu Xiao, Markus Domschke, Michael Schwenke, Ioannis Karakitsios, Senay Mihcin, Julia Schwaab, Yoav Levy, Tobias Preusser, and Andreas Melzer. "US-tracked steered FUS in a respiratory ex vivo ovine liver phantom." Current Directions in Biomedical Engineering 1, no. 1 (September 1, 2015): 294–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cdbme-2015-0073.

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AbstractOrgan motion is a major problem for Focused Ultrasound Surgery (FUS) of liver tumors. We present a liver phantom mimicking human respiratory motion (20 mm range, 3 − 7 s/cycle) and the evaluation of an ultrasound-tracked steered FUS system on that phantom. Temperature curves are recorded while sonicating in moving and static phantom. The temperature curves correlate well and show the ability of the system to compensate breathing like motion.
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Kleihaus, Burkhard, Jutta Kunz, and Eugen Radu. "Balancing a static black ring with a phantom scalar field." Physics Letters B 797 (October 2019): 134892. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physletb.2019.134892.

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Liu, Ruigang, Feng Fu, Fusheng You, Xuetao Shi, and Xiuzhen Dong. "Static imaging of the electrical impedance tomography on cylinder physical phantom." Bio-Medical Materials and Engineering 26, s1 (August 17, 2015): S1381—S1388. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/bme-151436.

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Lazov, Boian, Petya Nedkova, and Stoytcho Yazadjiev. "Uniqueness theorem for static phantom wormholes in Einstein–Maxwell-dilaton theory." Physics Letters B 778 (March 2018): 408–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physletb.2018.01.059.

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Batchelor, S. "An anthropomorphic head phantom for evaluation of static and tomographic radioscintigraphy." British Journal of Radiology 58, no. 695 (November 1985): 1111–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1259/0007-1285-58-695-1111.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Static phantom"

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Krátká, Lucie. "Akvizice MRI obrazových sekvencí pro preklinické perfusní zobrazování." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-219733.

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The task of this thesis is to study methods for the acquisition perfusní imaging based on dynamic MR imaging with T1 contrast. It describes methods of measurement of T1 relaxation time and the possibility of evaluating the results. It further describes the phantoms and their use. And it is here mentioned for the dynamic acquisition protocol perfusní imaging. There is also described in detail created a program for automatic control of the NMR system. In the experimental measurements are performed on static and dynamic phantom, are also evaluated perfusion parameters from the Flash sequence.
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Krchňavý, Jan. "Akvizice a předzpracování MRI obrazových sekvencí pro klinické perfusní zobrazování." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-219512.

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This thesis describes the theory for static and dynamic magnetic-resonance imaging using contrast agents affecting T1 relaxation time. The available acquisition methods in the specified facility of Masaryk Oncological Institute in Brno are described. The sequences for subsequent experimental measurements are selected. The used phantoms are described. Acquisition protocol for measuring is described briefly and the evaluation method for the measured data is suggested. The best acquisition sequence and a method of measurements is chosen influenced by estimation of relaxation time T1, sensitivity and signal to noise ratio. Perfusion analysis is executed and perfusion parameters are calculated. The work was supported by the European Regional Development Fund and the State Budget of the Czech Republic (RECAMO, CZ.1.05/2.1.00/03.0101).
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Watts, Gordon P. "Phantoms of Anglo-Confederate commerce : an historical and archaeological investigation of American civil war blockade running." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/2891.

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During the American Civil War Wilmington, North Carolina and the Bermudian ports of St. Georges and Hamilton served as vital links in a complex trading network that developed to facilitate the exchange of southern agricultural products for war materials and civilian merchandise through a Union blockade of the Confederacy. Although that material contributed significantly to the Confederate war effort, Anglo-Confederate blockade running has received limited scholarly attention. Much of the associated literature is based on memoirs rather than scholarship and does not accurately, reflect that necessarily clandestine trade. The primary goal of this thesis is to produce a more comprehensive and detailed picture of blockade running, the cargoes carried through the Union blockade and the powerful steam vessels that made Anglo-Confederate commerce possible. Unlike previous treatments, this thesis combines the results of both archival and archaeological research. The results illustrate the evolution of strategies involved in both establishing and maintaining the blockade and those developed for running the blockade. Assessment of the vessel remains and historical data associated with the construction and procurement of steamers identifies the vessel types and confirms that blockade runners adapted extant technology. Contrary to the popularly held impression, no technological innovations were specifically developed to address the demands of the trade. The spatial distribution of wrecks and the minimal amount of cultural material surviving in association with them, provides strong evidence that cargoes were more valuable than the vessels. That premise influenced the strategy adopted by blockade runners. While Confederate salvors left little evidence of cargo, historical research revealed a wealth of new insight into the specific nature of that material. This new evidence provides a more accurate and detailed picture of Anglo- Confederate blockade running and the strategies, ships and cargoes that made blockade running between Wilmington and Bermuda a success.
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KÝČEK, Michal. "Nemocniční informační systémy. Kvalita v informačních systémech ve zdravotnictví." Master's thesis, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-49133.

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In its theoretical part, this work deals with hospital information systems, their properties and development trends in the world, in Czech Republic and in the faculty Hospital in Plzeň in particular. A special reason for taking up this subject was the on-going transition to digital operation at the RTG departament of said hospital. Pictorial documentacion in digital form is presently becoming standard part of the medical do-cumentacion. The X-ray photographs can now be viewed at any client station of the hospital information system. As the existing stations were not originally intended for visualisation of pictorial medical documentacion, image quality tests have been carried out to determine the suitability of the station monitors for such operation. The main target of this work was to identify, using the technical tools available ath the RTG departament, a suitable image quality test, to verify its informative value and compare the existing hospital information system stations with dedicated diagnostic work station primarily intended for visualisation of medical X-ray documentation. The practical part of this work consisted of two tests using special graphic images and real patient`s X-ray picture including a specific diagnostic feature. A method of controlled interview was then used to establish the image quality and the degree of certainty with which that the doctors could identify the subject diagnostic feature. The test results were subject to statistical analysis using the linear regression analytic method whereby the informative value of the tests was determined. Finally, the operational properties of diagnostic work stations were compared to those of the hospital information system. In consideration of the small number of stations subjects to tests, the statistic analysis of this comparison was not carried out.
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Books on the topic "Static phantom"

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Davis, Pamela A. Quasi-static and dynamic response characteristics of F-4 bias-ply and radial-belted main gear tires. Hampton, Va: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Langley Research Center, 1997.

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Davis, Pamela A. Quasi-static and dynamic response characteristics of F-4 bias-ply and radial-belted main gear tires. Hampton, Va: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Langley Research Center, 1997.

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Davis, Pamela A. Quasi-static and dynamic response characteristics of F-4 bias-ply and radial-belted main gear tires. Hampton, Va: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Langley Research Center, 1997.

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Davis, Pamela A. Quasi-static and dynamic response characteristics of F-4 bias-ply and radial-belted main gear tires. Hampton, Va: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Langley Research Center, 1997.

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Davis, Pamela A. Quasi-static and dynamic response characteristics of F-4 bias-ply and radial-belted main gear tires. Hampton, Va: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Langley Research Center, 1997.

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Thybony, Scott. Phantom Ranch. Grand Canyon, AZ: Grand Canyon Assn., 2001.

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John, Farris. Phantom nights. New York: Forge, 2005.

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Phantom nights. New York: Forge, 2005.

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Phantom nights. New York, NY: Tom Doherty, 2005.

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The McDonnell F-4 Phantom. Paris: Histoire & Collections, 2009.

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Book chapters on the topic "Static phantom"

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Ginor, Isabella, and Gideon Remez. "Facing the Bar-Lev Line." In The Soviet-Israeli War, 1967-1973, 91–100. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190693480.003.0007.

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The artillery exchanges in September-October 1968 settled the controversy with the Israeli command in favor of “static” defense, that is a system of hardened fortifications along the Suez Canal that would become known as the Bar-Lev Line after Chief of Staff Chaim Bar-Lev. It was constructed over the following months with little disruption by the Egyptians and Soviets. One reason for this failure was the reorganization process of the Egyptian array along the canal into two army corps instead of one. Another was the replacement of the chief Soviet adviser Petr Lashchenko by his much inferior deputy, Ivan Katyshkin. However, Soviet airmen took an increasing role in Egyptian operations. This accelerated US agreement to sell Israel F-4 Phantom jets, which in turn motivated the Soviets to prepare for direct intervention against this superior weapon.
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Strukov, Vlad. "The Difficulty of Being Dead: Aleksandr Veledinskii’s Alive (2006)." In Contemporary Russian Cinema. Edinburgh University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474407649.003.0009.

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The dis/appearances of the characters in Veledinskii’s Alive denotes ruptures in continuity (including the continuity of the gaze). The role of the phantom is to overcome the complete break between the living and the dead as well as to overcome the ruptures in discourse. The persistent revenant is an epitome of the return: they become by coming back and in doing so they create a repetitive experience—teleological aporia, a certain inheritance. The phantom is a trace and also a differance (in Derridean terms) in that their spectral effect is in the ideological tendency and the promise of emancipation. In Alive, the phantom resists the totality of representation and so emerges as a method of paralogy: legitimacy of the subject is determined by a denial of the possibility of legitimation. The spectre as a mediation of discourse which lies in between, and in Alive—not between life and death but between death and death. In Alive political agency is the phantom’s expediency whereby the gaze onto the spectator—the pervasiveness of the ghostly experience problematizes the status of the spectator who—in the presence of the posthumous narrator—emerges as a posthumous spectator.
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Kolander, Kenneth. "Phantom Peace." In America's Israel, 55–80. University Press of Kentucky, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5810/kentucky/9780813179476.003.0003.

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The themes of national security and domestic politics intersect in the second chapter. Based on the papers of Henry “Scoop” Jackson and J. William Fulbright, the chapter uses the conflict between the two Democratic senators to show how the growing Soviet presence in the Middle East, combined with the deteriorating situation in Southeast Asia in the late 1960s and early 1970s, brought about a major upheaval within the Democratic Party as well as a rise in conservative support for Israel from the halls of Congress. Jackson, who ran for president in 1972 and 1976, and Fulbright, the longest-tenured chair of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee, staked out very different positions for the proper relationship between the United States and Israel. A discussion about the Jackson-Fulbright conflict encourages broader thinking about congressional participation in U.S. foreign policy in the Middle East and also exposes significant political fault lines that would complicate the making of U.S. policy toward Israel for years to come. The United States and Israel developed a strategic alliance during this period, in addition to the special relationship, which involved an enormous increase in weapons sales from the United States to Israel.
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Nugent, David. "Glimpses of Danger and Subversion." In The Encrypted State, 216–41. Stanford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.11126/stanford/9781503609037.003.0009.

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This chapter explores official efforts to understand why state activities that had formerly been ordinary and routine (conscription) become increasingly difficult to carry out. It focuses on the police investigation of clandestine Aprista activities, and what this discovery suggests to the authorities about the existence of an extensive underground network of subversion. The chapter also traces the emergence in official circles of an explanation that resolves official anxieties, even as it displaces responsibility for problems that were of the government’s own making onto phantom forces that were regarded as hyper-real. The less the authorities were able to carry out everyday activities, the more extraordinary were the powers of subversion they attributed to these phantom forces. The most important of these forces was APRA.
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Cooper, Sarah. "Douglas Gordon and the Gallery of the Mind." In Theorizing Film Through Contemporary Art. Nieuwe Prinsengracht 89 1018 VR Amsterdam Nederland: Amsterdam University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/9789462989467_ch06.

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Made in collaboration with Rufus Wainwright after the loss of his mother, Douglas Gordon’s Phantom (2011) engages gallery-goers in an embodied perceptual experience of the darkness of grief, which is felt as well as seen. And yet the titular phantom points to what ghosts embodied vision, making space for images of the mind’s eye. Lost love, mourned but also conjured back through memory, dream, or imagination, extends beyond the personal to include a bygone era of classical film. Phantom draws from and returns us to cinema, expanding the experience of the moving image through its insistence upon the importance of both what is present or visible in the gallery space and what exists in the liminal state of mental vision.
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Ramírez, Dixa. "Untangling Dominican Patriotism." In Colonial Phantoms, 36–74. NYU Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.18574/nyu/9781479850457.003.0002.

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This chapter focuses on the ambivalent nationalism evident in the celebration of the first national Dominican poet, Salomé Ureña (1850-1897). Studying poems, letters, speeches, and essays by Ureña and some of her contemporaries, the chapter contends that the strong desire for Ureña’s poetry coexisted with the elite’s generalized assumption that the ideal citizen subject was a white man. It argues that Ureña’s embodiment of Dominican nonwhiteness combined with her status as a respectable woman allowed Dominicans of the intellectual and ruling elite to satisfy two intertwined impulses: to construct a national identity that could explain Dominican difference from Haiti, and, as such, justify a seat at the global table; and a tacit acceptance that a nonwhite woman such as Ureña could only be considered “the muse of the nation” because Dominican territory had a history of black freedom and leadership.
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Ramírez, Dixa. "Working Women and the Neoliberal Gaze." In Colonial Phantoms, 181–218. NYU Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.18574/nyu/9781479850457.003.0006.

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This chapter analyzes cultural representations of what Amalia Cabezas calls a transnational “economy of desire” as an important vehicle of socio-economic mobility for working-class Dominican women. Studying the photo series and personal account of a U.S. sex tourist, a short story by Dominican writer Aurora Arias, sex worker testimonies, and several recent films, the chapter enumerates the limits of nonwhite Dominican women’s engagements with, and manipulations of, this uneven transnational economy and questions the optimism behind individual and business philanthropy that takes for granted the larger world order, assuming equal access to global citizenship acquired and consolidated through consumer choices. This chapter proposes that what had been a unique territory within the Americas had become another “third world” island-nation providing cheap labor, sun, sex, and sand through the major socio-political and demographic shifts of the twentieth century, including the consolidation of the Dominican nation-state, U.S. imperialism, and transnational neoliberal policies.
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Nugent, David. "The Sacropolitics of Labor Conscription." In The Encrypted State, 193–215. Stanford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.11126/stanford/9781503609037.003.0008.

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This chapter analyzes the authorities’ mounting difficulties in conscripting the population for public works—a second “routine” activity they had previously undertaken with great success. The chapter shows the delusional nature of government plans, and how delusion was represented as rationality and routine. The chapter also explores officials’ confusion about their inability to carry out the ordinary, everyday task of conscription, and their sense that what had formerly seemed ordinary was anything but that. Chapter Eight also examines the explanations that government officials generated to explain their inability to carry out activities that had formerly been routine—in which their attribute their difficulties to a series of phantom figures that are said to haunt government efforts to rule.
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Nugent, David. "The Sacropolitics of Military Conscription." In The Encrypted State, 164–92. Stanford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.11126/stanford/9781503609037.003.0007.

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This chapter analyzes the increasingly futile efforts of government officials to conscript the regional population into the armed forces—a mundane activity they had undertaken with ease during the reign of the castas. The chapter shows the delusional nature of government plans, and how delusion was (mis)-represented as rationality and routine. The chapter also explores the authorities’ growing confusion about their inability to conscript, and their sense that what had formerly seemed ordinary was anything but that. Chapter Seven also examines the explanations that government officials generated to explain their inability to carry out activities that had formerly been routine—in which their attribute their difficulties to a series of phantom figures that are said to haunt government efforts to rule.
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Nash, Tim. "Peripheral neuropathic pain." In Neuropathic Pain, 45–56. Oxford University Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199563678.003.0006.

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Damage to peripheral nerves, including cranial nerves and spinal nerve roots, can result in peripheral neuropathic pain Speed of onset and associated symptoms and signs can point towards possible causes Common conditions include diabetic neuropathy, post-herpetic neuralgia, and post-surgical neuropathies including phantom limb pain Less common conditions result from Guillain-Barr syndrome, deficiency states, and toxic neuropathies...
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Conference papers on the topic "Static phantom"

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Zhu, Tan, Yueming Yuan, Ji Ma, and Jiao Wang. "Static strategies and inference for the game of Phantom Go." In 2015 27th Chinese Control and Decision Conference (CCDC). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ccdc.2015.7162575.

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Newman, W. H., A. Dittmar, and S. C. Summit. "Static and perfused phantom media for thermal property measurement techniques." In Proceedings of the Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iembs.1988.95027.

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Niaz, Natasha, Rizwan Ahmad, Waqas Ahmed, Shahryar Saleem, and Liang Zhao. "Semi-Static ON/OFF Switching Schemes for Energy Efficient Phantom Cellular Networks." In 2019 IEEE International Conferences on Ubiquitous Computing & Communications (IUCC) and Data Science and Computational Intelligence (DSCI) and Smart Computing, Networking and Services (SmartCNS). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iucc/dsci/smartcns.2019.00046.

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Lazov, Boian, Petya Nedkova, and Stoytcho Yazadjiev. "Uniqueness of static phantom wormhole solutions to the Einstein-Maxwell-dilaton equations." In 10th Jubilee International Conference of the Balkan Physical Union. Author(s), 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5091238.

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Cheeseman, B., and Y. Huang. "Limited Multi-Static Calibration Technique without a Phantom for the Detection of Breast Cancer." In 2006 European Radar Conference. IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/eurad.2006.280315.

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Meral, Faik Can, Thomas J. Royston, and Richard L. Magin. "Fractional Order Models for Viscoelasticity of Soft Biological Tissues." In ASME 2008 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2008-68137.

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Dynamic mechanical properties of soft tissues provide information that may be used in medical diagnosis. Developing a better fundamental understanding of the governing constitutive relations could improve diagnostic techniques. The mechanical behavior of soft tissues and tissue mimicking phantoms, such as gels, can be represented by viscoelastic material models. Static loading of viscoelastic materials yields information related to elasticity, creep and stress relaxation. However, a broader measure of rate-dependent properties that affect mechanical wave propagation and wave attenuation in such materials can only be extracted from measured response to dynamic excitation. The well known linear viscoelastic material models of Voigt, Maxwell and Kelvin cannot represent the more complicated frequency dependency of these materials over a broad spectral range. Therefore, fractional calculus methods have been considered to model the viscoelastic behavior of soft tissue-like materials. Fractional order models capture the viscoelastic material behavior using fractional orders of differential equations that may yield a more accurate representation of viscoelastic material behavior. This paper focuses on experimental measurements on the tissue mimicking phantom, CF11. Surface waves on the phantom material are studied experimentally and theoretically. Theoretical calculations using linear and fractional order methods are compared with experimental measurements.
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Delfino, I., R. Esposito, B. Piccirillo, G. M. Gaeta, and M. Lepore. "Static and dynamic light scattering properties of Intralipid aqueous suspension for tissue phantom preparation and calibration." In Biomedical Optics (BiOS) 2008, edited by Robert J. Nordstrom. SPIE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.769364.

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Eventoff, Arnold T. "Stress-Driven Cam Mechanism Synthesis Using the Phantom Linkage Method." In ASME 1994 Design Technical Conferences collocated with the ASME 1994 International Computers in Engineering Conference and Exhibition and the ASME 1994 8th Annual Database Symposium. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc1994-0262.

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Abstract The capability for automatically deriving the geometry of a cam and its driven linkage geometry as a function of critical design parameters is described. A technique developed called “The Phantom Linkage Method” enables instantaneous updating of a critical parameter (e.g. cam-follower contact stress) as a function of various system parameters. Linkage geometry and properties, timing diagram parameters, and static and dynamic loads in the system due to springs, gravity, and inertially-induced forces are included in the critical parameter calculation. The first part of the paper describes a method for instantly defining the shape of a cam surface as a function of linkage geometry and required output motion for a full cycle of motion. The second part adds static and dynamic forces to the analysis. The Phantom Linkage Method in conjunction with a series of equivalent drive ratios derived from the geometry is then used to determine cam-follower contact stress for a full cycle of motion. Finally, by including optimization capabilities, the mechanism and cam geometry, as well as the timing diagram, can be synthesized simultaneously to minimize an objective function describing a critical design parameter such as cam-follower contact stress.
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Urban, M., and R. Orglmeister. "Evaluation of Electrode Setups by MRI Based Human Phantom with FEM Based Quasi-Static Solver for Bioimpedance Measurement*." In 2019 41st Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine & Biology Society (EMBC). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/embc.2019.8856693.

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Urban, M., and R. Orglmeister. "Surface Potential Simulation for Robust Electrode Placement by MRI Based Human Phantom with FEM Based Quasi-Static Solver for Bioimpedance Measurement*." In 2019 41st Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine & Biology Society (EMBC). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/embc.2019.8856954.

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