Relevant bibliographies by topics / Static relays

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Static relays'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 26 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Static relays"

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Touati, Sami, and Hatem Boujemaa. "Static Hybrid Multihop Relaying." International Journal of Computers 15 (April 28, 2021): 48–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.46300/9108.2021.15.7.

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In this work, we propose a new static hybrid mul- tihop relaying protocol where some relays amplify the received signal whereas the remaining ones use Decode and Forward (DF) relaying. The relaying mode in each relay is set using the distance between the different nodes or the average SNR. The exact and asymptotic bit error probabilities are derived. Simulation results are provided in different contexts to compare the performance of hybrid relaying to conventional AF and DF relaying.
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Ch Srihari Varma, T Rama Subba Reddy, and Ch Sai Babu. "Evolution of protective relays in 1-Φ, 25kV, 50Hz railway traction system." International Journal of Engineering Research Updates 2, no. 1 (January 30, 2022): 039–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.53430/ijeru.2022.2.1.0029.

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This paper presents the evolution of protective relays used for the protection of Power Transformer, Over Head Equipment (OHE) and Shunt Capacitor Bank in Indian Railways Electrical Distribution Systems. Initially during electrification Indian Railways adopted 1-Φ, 25KV, 50Hz AC system and electromagnetic relays (EM Relays) for feeder protection of OHE available at that time. But over the period of time with the drastic growth in traffic and sharp increase in demand for more electrical power to heavy goods trains haulage, the above said protective system doesn’t catered the requirements like speed, sensitivity, reliability, post fault data analysis. Hence Indian Railways over the years have undergone a paradigm shift in protective relay schemes. The journey of evolution from EM relays and static relays to the latest state of art integrated Numerical relays which were approved by RDSO are dealt here.
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Bota, Sebastià A., Jaume Verd, Xavier Gili, Joan Barceló, Gabriel Torrens, Rafel Perelló, Tomeu Alorda, Carol de Benito, and Jaume Segura. "Design Issues for NEM-Relay-Based SRAM Devices." MATEC Web of Conferences 210 (2018): 01005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201821001005.

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We analyze the design constraints of six transistor SRAM cells that arise when using nanoelectromechanical relays. Comparisons are performed between a CMOS 6T conventional SRAM cell and various hybrid memory cells built by replacing a selection of MOSFET transistors with NEM relays. Impact on important memory cell parameters such as various reliability metrics like static noise margin and write noise margin and power consumption are evaluated from circuit simulations using a Verilog-A compact model of the nanomechanical relay. We found that the use of relays involve a new challenge in the design of SRAM hybrid devices as the readability and writeability of the resulting cells manifests a strong dependence with the value of the contact resistance of the NEM relay, a parameter that can experience important variations with the continued operation of the device.
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Bailey, B., and D. Jakominich. "Static relays permit enhanced protection." IEEE Industry Applications Magazine 5, no. 2 (1999): 10–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/2943.750387.

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Li, Hao, Yong Ruan, Zheng You, and Zhiqiang Song. "Design and Fabrication of a Novel MEMS Relay with Low Actuation Voltage." Micromachines 11, no. 2 (February 7, 2020): 171. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi11020171.

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Compared with conventional solid-state relays, micro-electro mechanical system (MEMS) relays have the advantages of high isolation, low contact resistance, low power consumption, and abrupt switching characteristics. Nevertheless, the widespread application of MEMS relays has been limited due to the issue of the conflict between low actuation voltages and high device performance. This article presents a novel cantilever MEMS relay with an embedded contact electrode which helps to achieve a low actuation voltage (below 8 V) and high restoring force simultaneously. Meanwhile, the contact resistance is as low as around 0.4 Ω and the reliability is verified. To thoroughly investigate and analyze the novel cantilever MEMS relay, a static theoretical model of the structure was developed. Based on the model, the cantilever MEMS relay was designed and optimized. Then, the relays were fabricated by the bulk-silicon micromachining process based on the silicon–glass anodic bonding technology. Finally, the switching performance of the novel cantilever MEMS relay was measured. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed MEMS relay has a low actuation voltage below 8 V and high performance, which is in good agreement with the simulation results, and shows significant advantages when compared with previous reports. Therefore, the proposed MEMS relay with an embedded contact electrode is promising in practical applications.
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Yang, Xiao Jing, Fang Yao, Zhi Gang Li, and Xue Bo Feng. "Research on Grey Prediction of Electromagnetic Relay Contact Resistance." Applied Mechanics and Materials 392 (September 2013): 667–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.392.667.

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When the relay contacts are switched on the load circuit, contact pairs on-state directly reflects the relays reliability, and it also indirectly reflects machine performance of the relay. Therefore, the static contact resistance is one of the key features of the relays state estimation and failure warning. However, the contact resistance of the relay contact is uncertainty characteristics, small-scale sequence trend model is difficult to obtain an ideal prediction performance, and therefore grey model which based on small-scale sequence for prediction of electrical contact reliability of the relay is drawn on. Using the static contact resistance measurement value of the relay contact resistance as training samples to set up GM (1, 1) model and obtaining development grey numberaand endogenous control grey numberbby least square method, so as to get differential equation of original datas predicted value and then forecast the original data. In order to improve the prediction accuracy and weaken the influence of randomness, sliding smoothing formula to the original data is used to get improved prediction model. By comparing the difference between the accuracy of improved model and not improved model, it concludes that the improved model has possibility and accuracy higher.
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Setiawan, Eko, Septin Puji Astuti, and Handoko Handoko. "REDUCING THE LIKELIHOOD OF ELECTRICAL POWER-RELATED DISASTERS: A FUZZY MCDM APPROACH." Simetris: Jurnal Teknik Mesin, Elektro dan Ilmu Komputer 9, no. 1 (April 1, 2018): 679–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.24176/simet.v9i1.1761.

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Many of disasters are related to electrical power systems. They affect human life and economy. In order to reduce the negative impacts caused by the failure of electricity power system due to disasters and to create a robust electrical power system, selecting the best relay of electricity power is a must. This study identified the best protective relay of electrical power systems of PLN in Surakarta region by applying analytic hierarchy process (AHP), one of MCDM approaches, combined with fuzzy logic. Extent analysis approach was implemented to derive priorities of various criteria, sub-criteria and alternatives. Three relays being considered in the selection process are electromagnetic relay, digital relay and static relay. Four criteria in this study are techno-economy, fault frequency, protection of transmission line and advantage of relay over others. Meanwhile, five sub-criteria for each criterion are reliability, selectivity, sensitivity, working speed and efficient. Based on the criteria and sub-criteria, it can be inferred that in terms of four working areas of PLN management in Surakarta region, digital relay is seen as the best choice of relays.
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Rasaei, A., and A. Emamhosseini. "Improvement using frequency relays compared to dynamic and static relays in frequency instability." Bangladesh Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research 52, no. 4 (December 6, 2017): 289–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjsir.v52i4.34770.

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Nowadays a smarter, more diverse and robust electricity infrastructure is necessary because power grids form one of the most effective components of the infrastructure on which modern society depends on. The stability of an electrical grid is very important for suppliers and consumers. Frequency variations cause instability in the electricity grid. There will be so many problems such as overproduction, overloading, and etc. which have irreversible effects on suppliers and consumers. Balancing the isolated systems in terms of production and consumption, and also using the frequency relays in power grids are useful ways to solve these problems. Due to the importance of frequency relays in proportion than dynamic and static relays, designing and optimizing the frequency relays are very important to guarantee the stability of the electrical grid. The frequency relays can be used in a different network with different charges. The frequency relays have two parts, namely measurement, and detection which undertake separate tasks. In this paper, we investigated the function of frequency relays. We also simulated and analyzed the aforementioned issues. The simulation provides a comparison of grid charge variations and nominal frequency in a state of disarray and approach to the ideal state. Some blocks have been used for counting the frequency in this simulation which most notably, included a block of frequency measurement and another block that has the protection duty.Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 52(4), 289-294, 2017
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Ksiazkiewicz, Andrzej, Grzegorz Dombek, Karol Nowak, and Jerzy Janiszewski. "Electrodynamic Contact Bounce Induced by Fault Current in Low-Voltage Relays." Energies 12, no. 20 (October 16, 2019): 3926. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12203926.

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Due to fault currents occurring in electrical installations, high electromagnetic force values may be induced in current paths of low-voltage electromagnetic relays. This force may lead to an electromagnetic bounce that will further result in an electric arc ignition between contacts, and under some circumstances, it will result in contact welding. For the proper exploitation of relays, the threshold value of the maximum current, and thus the electrodynamic force, should be known. This force depends on several factors, including: contact materials, dimensions of relay current paths, relay electromagnetic coil, etc. This paper presents the results of calculations and an experiment on electromagnetic forces, which cover these factors. A static closing force, acting on the contacts, and the fault current were measured. As a result, values of the force and current threshold were obtained, which inform when an electrodynamic bounce may occur. The obtained result may be used in designing contact rivets and relay current paths together with the selection of adequate fault protection devices.
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LIPMAN, JUSTIN, PAUL BOUSTEAD, and JOHN JUDGE. "NEIGHBOR AWARE ADAPTIVE POWER FLOODING (NAAP) IN MOBILE AD HOC NETWORKS." International Journal of Foundations of Computer Science 14, no. 02 (April 2003): 237–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129054103001704.

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This paper introduces Neighbor Aware Adaptive Power flooding, an optimized flooding mechanism used in mobile ad hoc networks (MANETS) that employs several mechanisms (neighbor coverage, power control, neighbor awareness and local optimization) to limit the broadcast storm problem, reduce duplicate packet reception and lower power consumption in both transmission and reception. Upon receiving an optimized broadcast, a relay determines a new set of possible relays (to continue the flood) based upon local neighbor information and the previous optimized broadcast. Additionally, neighboring relays only consider the shared neighbors they are closest to. A relay may perform local optimization (to reduce power consumption and isolate broadcasts) by substituting one high power broadcast with two or more low power broadcasts, thereby introducing additional hops, We show that compared to blind flooding and multipoint relaying, NAAP in a static environment greatly reduces the problems associated with the broadcast storm problem, duplicate packet reception and power consumption.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Static relays"

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Messal, Oualid. "Caractérisation et modélisation du comportement thermomagnétique d'alliages FeNi pour le prototypage virtuel." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LYO10304/document.

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L’avènement du Génie électrique, il y a plus d’un siècle maintenant, s’est accompagné dès ses débuts, de recherche de matériaux ferromagnétiques performants pour la réalisation de l’élément central des dispositifs électromagnétiques, le circuit ou noyau magnétique. Ces matériaux, constitués initialement de fer, ont été très vite alliés au silicium, au cobalt et au nickel pour plusd’efficacité énergétique. Pour un dispositif donné, le choix d’un tel ou tel matériau passe souvent par un exercice de compromis vis-à-vis des besoins applicatifs (performances magnétiques, caractéristiques mécaniques et thermiques, etc., et bien sûr coût). La fréquence et la température de fonctionnement sont entre autres des paramètres importants. Parmi ces matériaux, les FeNi, bien qu’ils soient matures industriellement, voient toujours de nouveaux marchés s’ouvrirent à eux année après année grâce à l’attrait technique qu’ils exercent. Ce travail s'inscrit dans la continuité des recherches engagées à AMPERE sur les modèles comportementaux de matériaux magnétiques avec prise en compte des effets de la température. En effet, la recherche permanente de performances et de compacité ou intégration pour tous les dispositifs électromagnétiques soumet les circuits magnétiques à des contraintes physiques et en particulier thermiques de plus en plus sévères. Il est donc nécessaire de caractériser et modéliserprécisément les matériaux ferromagnétiques, et plus particulièrement les alliages FeNi, afin de les intégrer dans les outils de conception et d’optimisation de ces dispositifs. Pour cela, nous avons notamment dû mettre en oeuvre un dispositif expérimental adapté, et réaliser de nombreuses et longues expérimentations afin d’élaborer des modèles performants de comportement de ces matériaux. Ces modèles étudiés ou/et développés ont été ensuite testés sur une démonstrateur réel. Dans le cadre de cette thèse qui s’est déroulée en collaboration avec le Centre de Recherche du groupe APERAM, nous avons choisi une application particulièrement sensible en matière de sécurité des personnes « le système de protection différentielle » où le circuit magnétique (en alliage Fe–50%Ni ou Supra50) constitue une part très importante des performances et de la fiabilité. Enfin, de nouveaux alliages FeNi(Cr, Cu) à faible teneur en Ni (donc économiques) issus du Centre de Recherche d’APERAM ont été étudiés en vue de tester leur aptitude à remplacer le Supra50 dans ces systèmes. Le but est au final de proposer des alliages FeNi économiques aptesà la fabrication du circuit magnétique des relais de disjoncteurs différentiels à propre courant
The advent of Electrical Engineering has been accompanied since its beginning, by the research of high performance ferromagnetic materials for the realization of the central element of electromagnetic devices, the magnetic core/circuit. These materials initially consisting of iron were alloyed with silicon, cobalt and nickel for more energy efficiency. For a given device, the material must be designed to meet the requirements of the application (magnetic performances, mechanical and thermal characteristics...and cost. The frequency and the operating temperature are, among others, important parameters to be taken into account. Among these materials, the FeNi alloys, although they are industrially mature, see new markets opened to them thanks to their certain specific characteristics and the innovations brought by the manufacturers of these materials. This work is a continuation of ongoing researches in AMPERE laboratory dealing with thebehavioral models of magnetic materials taking into account the effects of temperature. Indeed, there is a trend in a growing number of electromagnetic devices to require high performance and compactness or integration. Thus, in this context, the magnetic circuits are subjected to physical and thermal stresses that are becoming more and more stringent. It is therefore necessary to resort to the experimental characterization and modeling of the behavior of ferromagnetic materials, particularly the FeNi alloys, in order to integrate them into the design and optimization tools of these devices. To do so, we have implemented an appropriate experimental bench, andachieve many and long experiments to develop advanced behavioral models of these materials. These models were then tested on a particularly sensitive application in the field of safety of persons, the differential protection system where the magnetic circuit (of Fe-50% Ni or Supra50) is a very important part of performance and reliability. Finally, new low Ni content FeNi (Cr, Cu) alloys provided by Aperam Research Center in Imphy, were studied in order to test their ability to replace the usual Supra50 alloy in these systems. The final aim is to propose new economic FeNi alloys suitable for the manufacture of the magnetic circuit of industrial ground fault circuit-breaker relay
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Yok, Larry Tom. "The philanthropic priorities of Chinese and Japanese Americans as they relate to Asian American culturally specific museums." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/13160.

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Asian American culturally specific museums began forming in the United States in 1963. There are now 11 in existence. Four of these museums (two Chinese American, one Japanese American and one Pan Asian American) dramatically expanded their programs and constructed large new facilities. These culturally specific museums are private nonprofit organizations that are reliant on private donors for most of their financial support. Asian Americans comprise the majority of these Asian American museums’ donor bases. Understanding why donors support these museums may be useful to the museums’ abilities to raise funds.In this thesis I explore the reasons Chinese and Japanese Americans support these culturally specific museums. I used data from my qualitative study involving in-depth interviews of 16 Chinese and Japanese American current and former donors to a Pan Asian culturally specific museum in Seattle, Washington along with interviews of chief executives and other key informants of five other culturally specific museums in addition to primary documents provided by the museums and related secondary information available through the Internet. I also conducted a literature review in the fields of Development Studies, racial and ethnic identity, museology, and philanthropy. While identifying the reasons donors support these culturally specific museums, I also identify the philanthropic priorities and criteria of Chinese and Japanese Americans residing in Seattle and compare them with similar studies of Asian American philanthropy conducted in other cities in the 1990’s. I also examine the roles played by these culturally specific museums in the promotion of social capital, cultural capital and heritage capital in their communities. Chinese and Japanese Americans support these museums to preserve and educate their communities about the contributions their forebears made to the development of the United States. Asian American history has been marginalized in conventional narratives and one mission of the Asian American culturally specific museums is to bring their stories into the American history mainstream. Creating and operating these museums requires substantial networking within the Chinese and Japanese American communities and with other ethnic communities to bring in visitors and obtain financial and other support. The museums promote social capital development through collaboration in the museums’ operations. They increase the communities’ cultural capital by assembling the dispersed cultural and heritage capital of the Chinese and Japanese American communities into curated collections. These Asian American culturally specific museums face challenges stemming from attrition in their donor bases due to age. The museums need to develop activities that attract new supporters who may be mixed race or mixed ethnicity or who are interested in social activism that impacts society. The museums also must create programs that are relevant to younger generations. The findings of this study lay the groundwork for further inquiry into the ways culturally specific museums promote bonding and bridging capital in low and middle class Asian American communities and the degree to which they affect development in their neighbourhoods. Further research into the museums’ educational programs efficacy as they relate to correcting misperceptions about Asian Americans among non-Asian Americans may be desirable.
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Trindade, Maria Carolina Queirós. "O efeito do alongamento estático e da técnica de suster-relaxar na flexibilidade dos isquiotibiais." Bachelor's thesis, [s.n.], 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10284/4967.

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Projeto de Graduação apresentado à Universidade Fernando Pessoa como parte dos requisitos para obtenção do grau de Licenciada em Fisioterapia
Objetivos: Comparar qual técnica tem mais eficácia quanto à flexibilidade nos Isquiotibiais, alongamento estático ou técnica do suster-relaxar; Verificar se existe relação entre as características biológicas e o ganho de flexibilidade; Apurar se existem diferenças de flexibilidade entre sexos; Avaliar se a prática de exercício físico altera os valores de flexibilidade. Metodologia: Foram selecionados 30 indivíduos de ambos os sexos entre os 18 e os 30 anos. Os indivíduos foram aleatoriamente distribuídos em 3 grupos, 2 experimentais e 1 de controlo. Tanto os grupos experimentais como o de controlo ficaram com 10 indivíduos cada. Ambas as técnicas foram realizadas em três sessões com intervalos de 7 dias entre cada uma delas, nos músculos Isquiotibiais. Para avaliar os efeitos momentâneos das duas técnicas foi realizado o teste do Sit and Reach antes e depois da aplicação de cada técnica. Resultados: Surgiram melhorias significativas quanto ao ganho momentâneo nos dois grupos experimentais. Não se encontraram diferenças nos ganhos de flexibilidade entre os dois sexos, nem nos indivíduos que praticavam exercício físico face aos que não o faziam, assim como entre raparigas na fase folicular (com fluxo menstrual) relativamente as raparigas nas restantes fases. Conclusão: Tanto a técnica do suster-relaxar como a do alongamento estático conseguem obter efeitos momentâneos no ganho da flexibilidade.
Purposes: Compare which technique is most effective for flexibility in the Hamstrings, static stretching or hold-relax; Check there is a relationship between the biological characteristics and gain flexibility; Determine if there are differences in flexibility between sexes; Evaluate if the physical exercise changes the flexibility values. Methods: They were selected 30 individuals of both sexes between 18 and 30 years old. The subjects were randomly divided into three groups, two experimental and one control. Both experimental groups and control group had each one 10 individuals. Both techniques were performed in three sessions at intervals of 7 days between each of them, the Hamstring muscles. To evaluate the momentary effects of two techniques was performed Sit and Reach test before and after application of each technique. Results: Emerged significant improvements regarding to the momentary gain in the two groups. No differences were found between the sexes or in individuals who practice exercise to those who don´t practice it, as well as for girls in the follicular phase (with menstrual flow) for in the remaining phases. Conclusion: Both the technique of contracting relax as the static stretching can get momentary effects on gain flexibility.
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Newcomb, Joseph Lewis. "A qualtative analysis of the effect of the remedial physical conditioning program on retention and attrition as it relates to Semper Fit and the P2T2 account /." Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2004. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion/04Mar%5FNewcomb.pdf.

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Garcia, Gilbert O. Joseforsky David C. "Transformational communications architecture for the Unit Operations Center (UOC) ; Common Aviation Command and Control System (CAC2S) ; and Command and Control on-the-move Network, Digital over-the-horizon Relay (CoNDOR) /." Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2004. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion/04Jun%5FGarcia%5FJoseforsky.pdf.

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Evers-Lush, Mary Jean. "Factors, including curriculum, that relate to test anxiety experienced by secondary students: a study based on High school and beyond." Diss., Virginia Tech, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/39878.

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In education, tests are used as indications of students' success or failure. Inferior test performance has been shown to be associated with the debilitating effects of evaluation stress. An educator's task is to provide opportunities for students to enjoy learning experiences that allow for success. Teachers must, therefore, be aware of factors that might impede this process. The purpose of this study was to determine levels of test anxiety (TA) perceived to be experienced by secondary students, as well as the relationship to TA of students' personal characteristics, home environment characteristics, participation in co- and extra-curricular activities, performance on cognitive tests, and curriculum type. The sample used for the third fol1owup of the High School and Beyond (HSB) 1980 Senior Cohort (n=ll,995) was examined for this study. A TA index was constructed using data from three questions from Section 7 of the HSB cognitive test. Results of item analysis and Kuder-Richardson Internal Consistency Reliability Estimate (KR-20) indicated that the index had internal consistency and low to moderate reliability. A second item analysis, using supplemental variables, indicated that the index was valid. Transformation of student responses to TA index items, assigned students TA scores ranging from -13 to +13, with -13 representing the minimum level of TA. Only six (.01%) of the students scored +13, the highest TA level. TA scores for 11% of the students indicated high levels.
Ed. D.
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Paulino, Carla Viviane. "O império do atraso: impressões sobre o Brasil elaboradas pelo viajante norte-americano Thomas Ewbank (1846-1856)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8138/tde-20062011-151436/.

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Essa dissertação analisa alguns aspectos da narrativa de viagem Life in Brazil: or, a journal of a visit to the land of the cocoa and the palm, escrita pelo inglês radicado no Estados Unidos Thomas Ewbank (1792-1870), com base em sua viagem ao Rio de Janeiro em 1846. Impresso nos Estados Unidos e na Inglaterra em 1856, e no Brasil, somente em 1973, o livro e os textos publicados em revistas importantes do período alcançaram um público amplo. O relato mostra-se impregnado das concepções de mundo relacionadas ao campo da Etnologia, no qual se discutis a \"origem do home\" e o \"lugar de determinadas raças em seus respectivos ambientes geográficos\". Nesta pesquisa, demonstro e discuto a influência dessas concepções na escrita do relato, implicando em construções de imagens e representações de um Brasil que estaria condenado a um desenvolvimento lento e sempre inferior em relação ao da Euorpa e dos Estados Unidos
This research examines some aspects of the travel narrative: Life in Brazil: or, a journal of a visit to the land of the cocoa and the palm, written by the Englishman settled in United States Thomas Ewbank (1792-1870), since a journey to Rio de Janeiro in 1846. Printed in the United States and England in 1856 and in Brazil only in 1973, the book and the texts published in leading magazines of the period, reached a widw audience. The report shows up steeped in the world concepts related to the field of Ethnology, which discussed the \"Origin of Man\" and \"place of certain breeds in their respective geografic environments\". In this research, demonstrate and discuss the influence of theses concepts in writing the report, resulting in construction of images and representations of a Brazil that would be condemned to a slow development and always lower compared to Europe and the United States.
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Li, Ying. "The Impacts of Climate Change on Heat-Relate Mortality: National Estimates in China and the University States Using Dynamically Downscaled Climate Projections." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2017. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/2633.

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Maze, Jonathan William. "With Liberty and Justice for All: An Examination of the United States’ Compliance with Rule of Law as it relates to Domestic and International Terrorism." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1527529654328283.

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Moreira, Marília Arantes Silva. "A viagem do comandante dos Estados Unidos, Thomas Jefferson Page (U.S. Navy), ao estuário do Prata (1853-1860)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/101/101131/tde-11122013-183408/.

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O artigo discute os interesses principalmente dos sulistas dos Estados Unidos na América do Sul, através do estudo da expedição do navio a vapor Water Witch realizada pelo comandante da U.S. Navy, Thomas Jefferson Page, pelo rio da Prata e adjacentes. Com poderes para realizar trabalhos científicos na região e diplomáticos para negociar em favor da livre navegação dos rios da região, além de estabelecer tratados comerciais, Page obteve consentimentos para a navegação, principalmente por parte do Império do Brasil e da Confederação Argentina. Contudo, entrou em conflito com o governo do Paraguai, originando uma contenda com o presidente do país, Carlos Antonio López, durante a qual o navio de Page foi bombardeado. Em resposta, os Estados Unidos aprovaram uma intervenção ao Paraguai em 1858, enviando para lá uma esquadra. Tal realização movimentou navios e canhões para restituir acordos comerciais e viabilizar a segunda -- e conclusiva -- etapa da expedição de Page, entre 1858-60. O artigo pretende mostrar que parte dos objetivos dos norte-americanos foram alcançados na região, ainda que tenham usado a força para fazer valer as suas intenções, principalmente, no Paraguai.
The article discusses the interests involved in the expedition made by commander Thomas Jefferson Page through river de La Plata and adjacent rivers. Having diplomatic powers to persuade the free navigation of rivers in South America, T.J. Page obtained consent for his transit and cartographic work, especially on the part of the Empire of Brazil and the Argentine Confederation. However, he a conflict with the government of Paraguay, resulted in a feud with the country\'s president, Carlos Antonio López. Thus, an intervention, approved by the U.S. Congress, in 1858, stirred ships and cannons to repay commercial agreements and enabling the second - and conclusive - part of the expedition (1859-60). The official narrative reveals horizons of the North-American Southern elite next to the imminent U.S. Civil War (1861-65). In the South of the continent, the regional conflicts were developing into the Paraguayan War (1864-70).
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Books on the topic "Static relays"

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Rao, T. S. Madhava. Power system protection: Static relays. 2nd ed. Maidenhead: McGraw, 1989.

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S, Musaėli͡a︡n Ė, and Anti͡u︡shin A. A, eds. Spravochnik po naladke vtorichnykh t͡s︡epeĭ ėlektrostant͡s︡iĭ i podstant͡s︡iĭ. 2nd ed. Moskva: Ėnergoatomizdat, 1989.

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IEEE Power Engineering Society. Power Systems Relaying Committee. Working Group C-5 Static Power Converter Serving as Interface Package., ed. Static power converters of 500 kW or less, serving as the relay interface package for non-conventional generators. Piscataway, NJ: IEEE Power Engineering Society, 1993.

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Goremykin, Sergey. Relay protection and automation of electric power systems. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1048841.

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The textbook describes the main issues of the theory of relay protection and automation of electric power systems. The structure and functional purpose of protection devices and automation of power transmission lines of various configurations, synchronous generators, power transformers, electric motors and individual electrical installations are considered. For each of the types of protection of the above objects, the structure, the principle of operation, the order of selection of settings are given, the advantages and disadvantages are evaluated, indicating the scope of application. The manual includes material on complete devices based on semiconductor and microprocessor element bases. The progressive use of such devices (protection of the third and fourth generations) is appropriate and effective due to their significant advantages. Meets the requirements of the federal state educational standards of higher education of the latest generation. It is intended for students in the areas of training 13.03.02 "Electric power and electrical engineering" (profile "Power supply", discipline "Relay protection and automation of electric power systems") and 35.03.06 "Agroengineering" (profile "Power supply and electrical equipment of agricultural enterprises", discipline "Relay protection of electrical equipment of agricultural objects"), as well as for graduate students and specialists engaged in the field of electrification and automation of industrial and agrotechnical objects.
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Gray, Ixwell. Cardos, ortigas y rosas: Relato de la guerra en El Salvador. San Salvador: Editorial Tasmania, 2007.

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Barr, Steve. The flame: An unlikely patriot finds a country to love. New York: W. Morrow, 1987.

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Klinger, Leslie S., ed. Sherlock Holmes anotado: Relatos I. Spain: Akal, 2010.

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1980-, Schneider Elizabeth, ed. Create, relate & pop @ the library: Services & programs for teens & tweens. New York, NY: Neal-Schuman Publishers, 2011.

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Romero, Ariel. Los inmigrantes en su laberinto: Relato de un profesor tras el sueño americano. [San Salvador]: A. Romero, 2002.

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van Kooten, G. Cornelis, and Linda Voss, eds. International trade in forest products: lumber trade disputes, models and examples. Wallingford: CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789248234.0000.

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Abstract Because of the long-standing Canada-United States lumber trade dispute and the current pressure on the world's forests as a renewable energy source, much attention has been directed toward the modelling of international trade in wood products. Two types of trade models are described in this book: one is rooted in economic theory and mathematical programming, and the other consists of two econometric/statistical models--a gravity model rooted in theory and an approach known as GVAR that relies on time series analyses. The purpose of the book is to provide the background theory behind models and enable readers to easily construct their own models to analyze policy questions, whether in forestry or another sector. Examples in the book illustrate how models can be used to say something about a variety of issues, including identification of the gains and losses to various players in the North American softwood lumber business, and the potential for redirecting sales of lumber to countries outside the United States. The discussion is expanded to include other products besides lumber, and used to examine, for example, the effects of log export restrictions by one naton on all other forestry jurisdictions, the impacts of climate policies as they relate to the global forest sector, and the impact of oil prices on forest product markets throughout the world.
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Book chapters on the topic "Static relays"

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Izycheva, Anastasiia, Eva Darulova, and Helmut Seidl. "Counterexample- and Simulation-Guided Floating-Point Loop Invariant Synthesis." In Static Analysis, 156–77. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-65474-0_8.

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AbstractWe present an automated procedure for synthesizing sound inductive invariants for floating-point numerical loops. Our procedure generates invariants of the form of a convex polynomial inequality that tightly bounds the values of loop variables. Such invariants are a prerequisite for reasoning about the safety and roundoff errors of floating-point programs. Unlike previous approaches that rely on policy iteration, linear algebra or semi-definite programming, we propose a heuristic procedure based on simulation and counterexample-guided refinement. We observe that this combination is remarkably effective and general and can handle both linear and nonlinear loop bodies, nondeterministic values as well as conditional statements. Our evaluation shows that our approach can efficiently synthesize loop invariants for existing benchmarks from literature, but that it is also able to find invariants for nonlinear loops that today’s tools cannot handle.
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Jok, Jok Madut. "Lessons in Failure: Peacebuilding in Sudan/South Sudan." In The State of Peacebuilding in Africa, 363–77. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-46636-7_20.

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Abstract Common to most protracted conflicts that relapse into war is a disconnect between elites and local communities, which typically suffer the most when the former undermine peace agreements to further their own narrow interests. The central argument in this chapter, drawing heavily on the recent history of Sudan/South Sudan and the Comprehensive Peace Agreement (CPA), is that African conflict resolution and peacebuilding relies too heavily on political agreements between politico-military elites. These deals focus largely on elite power and resource-sharing arrangements. Mostly ignored are the communal and societal dynamics that initially fed the violence. Sudan/South Sudan’s persistent conflict and instability is a prime example of what happens when peace agreements are signed without due regard for the true nature and genesis of the conflict.
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Gudkov, Lev. "Putin’s Relapse into Totalitarianism." In The State of Russia: What Comes Next?, 86–109. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137548115_6.

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Messias, Johnnatan, Vabuk Pahari, Balakrishnan Chandrasekaran, Krishna P. Gummadi, and Patrick Loiseau. "Dissecting Bitcoin and Ethereum Transactions: On the Lack of Transaction Contention and Prioritization Transparency in Blockchains." In Financial Cryptography and Data Security, 221–40. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-47751-5_13.

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AbstractIn permissionless blockchains, transaction issuers include a fee to incentivize miners to include their transactions. To accurately estimate this prioritization fee for a transaction, transaction issuers (or blockchain participants, mjohnme@mpi-sws.orgore generally) rely on two fundamental notions of transparency, namely contention and prioritization transparency. Contention transparency implies that participants are aware of every pending transaction that will contend with a given transaction for inclusion. Prioritization transparency states that the participants are aware of the transaction or prioritization fees paid by every such contending transaction. Neither of these notions of transparency holds well today. Private relay networks, for instance, allow users to send transactions privately to miners. Besides, users can offer fees to miners via either direct transfers to miners’ wallets or off-chain payments—neither of which are public. In this work, we characterize the lack of contention and prioritization transparency in Bitcoin and Ethereum resulting from such practices. We show that private relay networks are widely used and private transactions are quite prevalent. We show that the lack of transparency facilitates miners to collude and overcharge users who may use these private relay networks despite them offering little to no guarantees on transaction prioritization. The lack of these transparencies in blockchains has crucial implications for transaction issuers as well as the stability of blockchains. Finally, we make our data sets and scripts publicly available.
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Saan, Simmo, Michael Schwarz, Kalmer Apinis, Julian Erhard, Helmut Seidl, Ralf Vogler, and Vesal Vojdani. "Goblint: Thread-Modular Abstract Interpretation Using Side-Effecting Constraints." In Tools and Algorithms for the Construction and Analysis of Systems, 438–42. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-72013-1_28.

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AbstractGoblintis a static analysis framework for C programs specializing in data race analysis. It relies on thread-modular abstract interpretation where thread interferences are accounted for by means of flow-insensitive global invariants.
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Johansson, Lars-Göran, Thomas Banitz, Volker Grimm, Tilman Hertz, Emilie Lindkvist, Rodrigo Martínez Peña, Sonja Radosavljevic, Petri Ylikoski, and Maja Schlüter. "Causal Relations and Causal Relata in Science." In A Primer to Causal Reasoning About a Complex World, 43–55. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-59135-8_5.

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AbstractThere is no such class of things as causes. The terms ‘cause’ and ‘effect’ are relational terms, in other words, our concern is the causal relation ‘x causes y’. This relation is applied to pairs of singular events and states of affairs, to pairs of types of events/and states of affairs and to pairs of variables. In science we are mostly interested in generalities, so the focus is usually how to infer causal relations between types of events/states of affairs and between variables.The main points in this chapter are: Both singular and general events/states of affairs can be related as cause and effect. Expressions for laws, equations, correlations and conditional probabilities do not by themselves state any causal relations. A causal interpretation of these requires information not contained in that law, equation, correlation or probability statement. Without background information it is impossible to infer a causal relation about a singular case, no matter whether the data are quantitative or qualitative. Most events have many causes, and such situations can be analysed in terms of INUS-conditions.
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Reibling, Nadine, Mareike Ariaans, and Lucas Hamel. "Childhood in Crisis: Are Medicine and Psychology Part of the Problem or Part of the Solution?" In Toward a Biopsychosocial Welfare State?, 129–64. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-32793-3_6.

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AbstractMedicine and psychology are key disciplines when it comes to childhood, particularly if it is problematized. In this chapter, Reibling, Ariaans, and Hamel argue that both the turn of Western welfare states toward social investment and the resulting new interest in children are paradigmatic examples of the shift toward a biopsychosocial welfare state. Medicine and psychology provide ideas, interventions, and professionals that the welfare state relies on in its aim to invest in children. The authors illustrate this idea via three empirical studies that analyze (1) the public communication of professional organizations, (2) the public’s view on children who experience problems, and (3) the institutionalization of learning disorders in Germany.
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Keidel, Sven, Dominik Helm, Tobias Roth, and Mira Mezini. "A Modular Soundness Theory for the Blackboard Analysis Architecture." In Programming Languages and Systems, 361–90. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-57267-8_14.

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AbstractSound static analyses are an important ingredient for compiler optimizations and program verification tools. However, mathematically proving that a static analysis is sound is a difficult task due to two problems. First, soundness proofs relate two complicated program semantics (the static and the dynamic semantics) which are hard to reason about. Second, the more the static and dynamic semantics differ, the more work a soundness proof needs to do to bridge the impedance mismatch. These problems increase the effort and complexity of soundness proofs. Existing soundness theories address these problems by deriving both the dynamic and static semantics from the same artifact, often called generic interpreter. A generic interpreter provides a common structure along which a soundness proof can be composed, which avoids having to reason about the analysis as a whole. However, a generic interpreter restricts which analyses can be derived, as all derived analyses must roughly follow the program execution order.To lift this restriction, we develop a soundness theory for the blackboard analysis architecture, which is capable of describing backward, demand-driven, and summary-based analyses. The architecture describes static analyses with small independent modules, which communicate via a central store. Soundness of a compound analysis follows from soundness of all of its modules. Furthermore, modules can be proven sound independently, even though modules depend on each other. We evaluate our theory by proving soundness of four analyses: a pointer and call-graph analysis, a reflection analysis, an immutability analysis, and a demand-driven reaching definitions analysis.
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Al-Kuwari, Shaikha H. "History and Culture of Muslims in America." In Arab Americans in the United States, 25–42. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-7417-7_3.

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AbstractThis chapter offers a comprehensive review of the history of Muslims in America. The chapter will be divided into three sections. The first section reviews the history of Muslims in America, including African American Muslims, Arab American Muslims, and South Asian American Muslims, and their immigration history, as well as Islamic movements and the groups’ relationships. The second section of the chapter will discuss the significance of mosques in the lives of American Muslim immigrants. This section will include ethnographic observations related to the experience of visiting mosques and the dynamic political and religious roles of mosques in Dearborn, MI. The third section of the chapter addresses the culture and identity of American Muslim immigrants as they relate to family and marriage, gender roles, and identity formation.
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Ruggiero, Roberta. "Article 4: States Parties’ Obligations." In Monitoring State Compliance with the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child, 413–24. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-84647-3_41.

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AbstractArticle 4 deals with the nature of the States Parties’ obligations and it therefore relates ‘to all the substantive articles of the Convention’ (Rishmawi, 2006, pp. 22, 57). Together with Articles 42 and 44(6), it comprises the heading ‘General Measures of Implementation’ in the States Parties’ periodic reports (Hodgkin et al., 2007, p. 47; Rishmawi, 2006, p. 22; UN Committee on the Rights of the Child, 1991, paras. 9–11, 1996, paras. 11–24, 2002a, p. 58, 2015, paras. 18–21).
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Conference papers on the topic "Static relays"

1

Guillaume, Rene, Stephan Ludwig, Andreas Muller, and Andreas Czylwik. "Secret key generation from static channels with untrusted relays." In 2015 IEEE 11th International Conference on Wireless and Mobile Computing, Networking and Communications (WiMob). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/wimob.2015.7348022.

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Al-Roomi, Ali R., and Mohamed E. El-Hawary. "Optimal Coordination of Directional Overcurrent Relays Using BBO when Electromechanical, Static, Digital, and Numerical Relays All Exist." In 2020 IEEE Electric Power and Energy Conference (EPEC). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/epec48502.2020.9319922.

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Pei, Yuanteng, and Matt W. Mutka. "STARS: Static relays for multi-robot real-time search and monitoring." In 2011 International Conference on Distributed Computing in Sensor Systems (DCOSS). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/dcoss.2011.5982137.

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Dong-Sup Jin, Jong-Seon No, and Dong-Joon Shin. "Interference alignment aided by relays for the quasi-static X channel." In 2011 IEEE International Symposium on Information Theory - ISIT. IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/isit.2011.6034048.

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Krol, Michal, Yusheng Ji, Shigeki Yamada, Cristian Borcea, Lei Zhong, and Kiyoshi Takano. "Extending Network Coverage by Using Static and Mobile Relays during Natural Disasters." In 2016 IEEE 30th International Conference on Advanced Information Networking and Applications: Workshops (WAINA). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/waina.2016.147.

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Khederzadeh, M. "Preservation of overcurrent relays coordination in microgrids by application of static series compensators." In 11th IET International Conference on Developments in Power Systems Protection (DPSP 2012). IET, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/cp.2012.0077.

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Gapeyenko, Margarita, Vitaly Petrov, Dmitri Moltchanov, Shu-Ping Yeh, Nageen Himayat, and Sergey Andreev. "Comparing Capacity Gains of Static and UAV-Based Millimeter-Wave Relays in Clustered Deployments." In 2020 IEEE International Conference on Communications Workshops (ICC Workshops). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iccworkshops49005.2020.9145216.

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Findley, Aaron, Mychal Hoffman, Dan Sullivan, and Jan Paramalingam. "Lessons learned in static var compensator protection." In 2017 70th Annual Conference for Protective Relay Engineers (CPRE). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cpre.2017.8090035.

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Cvejić, Vladan. "STANDARDIZACIJA ZA DIGITALNE ULAZE I IZLAZE FUNKCIJA RELEJNE ZAŠTITE U SERIJI STANDARDA SRPS IEC 60255." In 35. Savetovanje Srpskog nacionalnog komiteta Međunarodnog saveta za velike električne mreže. Srpski nacionalni komitet Međunarodnog saveta za velike električne mreže CIGRE Srbija, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/cigre35.0589c.

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Along with the long-term application of the SRPS IEC 61850 standard in substations at the station and field level, implementation at the process level has been covered to a lesser extent through pilot projects and series of end-user surveys. The situation on the market indicated the shortcomings of certain standards, so that the focus of further standardization was thrown further on measuring transformers as well as on digital interfaces of relay protection. For protection functions, digital signals and transmission mechanisms are defined by SRPS IEC 61850 and SRPS IEC 61869 standards. But regardless of that, the whole process and additional requirements need to be viewed from the angle of relay protection. Here it is necessary to take into account the quality of the transmitted signal, time accuracy (synchronization) as well as tests that would include the validation of correct and performance behaviour. This paper is of informative character and should present the work of IEC TC 95 (Measuring relays and relay equipment) in the field of requirements development and testing of relay protection devices with digital inputs and outputs (series of standards IEC 60255).
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Ordonez, Luis G., Daniel P. Palomar, and Javier R. Fonollosa. "DMA tradeoff for the MIMO static half-duplex relay." In 2011 IEEE 12th Workshop on Signal Processing Advances in Wireless Communications (SPAWC 2011). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/spawc.2011.5990430.

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Reports on the topic "Static relays"

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Dearlove, C., and T. Clausen. Routing Multipoint Relay Optimization for the Optimized Link State Routing Protocol Version 2 (OLSRv2). RFC Editor, April 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.17487/rfc7187.

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Zhao, Haihua, Hongbin Zhang, Ling Zou, David Andrs, Ray Berry, and Richard Martineau. Refined Boiling Water Reactor Station Blackout Simulation with RELAP-7. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1169246.

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Paulsen, M. P., C. E. Peterson, and F. Odar. An implicit steady-state initialization package for the RELAP5 computer code. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/97356.

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David Andrs, Ray Berry, Derek Gaston, Richard Martineau, John Peterson, Hongbin Zhang, Haihua Zhao, and Ling Zou. RELAP-7 Level 2 Milestone Report: Demonstration of a Steady State Single Phase PWR Simulation with RELAP-7. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1047196.

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Wærp, Eline. ‘Shifting Borders’ and Shifting Responsibility? Towards a More Just Model of Global Mobility MIM Working. Malmö University, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.24834/isbn.9789178772902.

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This working paper critically examines Ayelet Shachar’s (2020) concept of the ‘shifting border’ and the solutions she proposes to tackle this recent phenomenon, pointing out potential gaps, inconsistencies and unintended consequences of letting legal responsibility follow states’ ‘shifting borders’. Instead, the paper argues for the need to deterritorialize the right to asylumin order to prevent states from retracting back from or shifting out their responsibilities for refugees and migrants, and to question and ultimately relax our current state-imposed mobility controls which have come to be largely taken for granted, even among migration and border scholars.
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Paulsen, M. P., C. E. Peterson, and K. R. Katsma. Feasibility study for improved steady-state initialization algorithms for the RELAP5 computer code. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6765925.

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Nalla, Vineetha, and Nihal Ranjit. Afterwards: Graphic Narratives of Disaster Risk and Recovery from India. Indian Institute for Human Settlements, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.24943/9788195648559.

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Afterwards is an anthology of visual narratives of disaster impacts and the process of recovery that follows. These stories were drawn from the testimonies of disaster-affected individuals, households, and communities documented between 2018-19 from the Indian states of Odisha, Tamil Nadu, and Kerala. They communicate challenges related to housing resettlement, loss of livelihoods, gender-based exclusion among others. At the heart of this anthology lies the idea of ‘representation’: how are those affected portrayed by the media, state actors, official documents; how are their needs represented and how do these portrayals impact the lives of those at risk and shape their recovery? Graphically illustrating these themes provides a platform to relay personal experiences of disaster risk and recovery.
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Choi, Yong-Joon. Light Water Reactor Sustainability Program : Assessment of verification and validation status - RELAP5-3D and RAVEN. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/2203212.

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Zimmer, Zachary, Napaporn Chayovan, Hui-Sheng Lin, and Josefina Natividad. How indicators of socioeconomic status relate to physical functioning of older adults in three Asian societies. Population Council, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/pgy6.1076.

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Zeng, Wendy, William Johnson, and James C. Davis. United States and global macroeconomic projections to 2033. [Washington, D.C.]: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2024.8374830.ers.

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The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), Economic Research Service (ERS) International Macroeconomic Data Set provides historical and 10-year projected macroeconomic variables for 181 countries, as well as regional and income groupings, which account for more than 99 percent of the world economy. The main macroeconomic variables include the real Gross Domestic Product (real GDP), Consumer Price Index (CPI), exchange rates, and population. These indicators are the benchmark for the annual USDA Baseline agricultural supply and demand projections, providing a 10-year outlook on U.S. and global agricultural variables. These projections also relay information on the overall health of international economies in the near future to the USDA, its stakeholders, and a variety of policymakers and market participants. These projections were completed in August 2023 based on data and expectations at that time. This report details the macroeconomic projections from 2023 to 2033. To help users interpret the projection numbers, this report also provides the state of the global economy and an analysis of the influence of events over the past year in various regions and countries.
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