Journal articles: 'Static rule analysis'

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Udrea, Octavian, Cristian Lumezanu, and Jeffrey S. Foster. "Rule-based static analysis of network protocol implementations." Information and Computation 206, no. 2-4 (2008): 130–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ic.2007.05.007.

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Xiong, Hao, and Huili Yan. "General Method of Building a Real-Time Optimization Policy for Dynamic Vehicle Routing Problem." Journal of Systems Science and Information 7, no. 6 (2019): 584–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.21078/jssi-2019-584-15.

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Abstract Currently, most of the policies for the dynamic demand vehicle routing problem are based on the traditional method for static problems as there is no general method for constructing a real-time optimization policy for the case of dynamic demand. Here, a new approach based on a combination of the rules from the static sub-problem to building real-time optimization policy is proposed. Real-time optimization policy is dividing the dynamic problem into a series of static sub-problems along the time axis and then solving the static ones. The static sub-problems’ transformation and solution rules include: Division rule, batch rule, objective rule, action rule and algorithm rule, and so on. Different combinations of these rules may constitute a variety of real-time optimization policy. According to this general method, two new policies called flexible G/G/m and flexible D/G/m were developed. The competitive analysis and the simulation results of these two policies proved that both are improvements upon the best existing policy.

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Zhou, Chang Jiang, Si Yu Chen, and Lin Ma. "Analysis of Gear Strength by Static and Dynamic Finite Element Methods." Applied Mechanics and Materials 846 (July 2016): 318–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.846.318.

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As key factor of numerical simulation for gear strength, namely determination of effective loads between meshing teeth profiles, their numerical calculation principles of static and dynamic finite element methods are analyzed according to the loads on gear teeth. The static analysis of gear strength can be classified to effective statics and static contact analysis, and the numerical simulation method for face distribution as the rule of Hertz contact is advanced. The differences between static and dynamic contact and their influences in results are researched. Compared with the empirical formulas, the analytical results about bearing capacity of gear drive under different effective loads show: (1) As the sequence of concentrated force, linear distribution force, face distribution force as the rule of Hertz contact, static contact analysis, the accuracy and reliability of calculating results under different effective loads are improved, especially the results from face distribution and static contact being very close. (2) Dynamic contact analysis can be used to simulated the effect well. The above studies could be referenced to calculation in bearing capacity of gear drive.

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Wang, Xin Feng, Min Zhong Gao, and Hong Zhi Wang. "A Uniform Rule that Can Replace the Left-Hand Rule and the Right-Hand Rule in Electromagnetics." Applied Mechanics and Materials 278-280 (January 2013): 86–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.278-280.86.

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The left-hand rule and the right-hand rule are widely used in electromagnetics but are often confusing. Based on an analysis of the differences and commonalities of the two rules, a uniform rule using coordinate rotation is proposed to determine the direction of the magnetic force and the induced electromotive force (emf) or the induced current in a static magnetic field. Furthermore, we discuss how to use the uniform rule to determine the direction of the induced emf or current in a moving magnetic field, which is traditionally determined by Lenz's law. The uniform rule is easy to understand and remember.

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Leng, De Long, Dong Sheng Qu, and Yan Wu Liu. "Static Stiffness Analysis and Simulation of 6-PTRT Parallel Robot." Applied Mechanics and Materials 318 (May 2013): 33–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.318.33.

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To reveal the static stiffness behavior of a 6-PTRT parallel robot and find out its change rule in order to provide the reasonable parameters for the structural design, the stiffness characteristics of this parallel mechanism was studied. Based on the influence coefficient method, a static stiffness model for 6-PTRT parallel robot was established. The proposed model considered not only the axis stiffness of actuator but also the stiffness of passive joints, and the change of Jacobian matrix and first-order influence coefficient brought about by tiny change of the parallel robot mechanism's configuration under external wrench. The static stiffness matrix of parallel robot in initial position and its stiffness distribution rules for a certain workspace were given by numerical calculation and finite element method, which comparatively verify the exactness of stiffness model.

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Zupan, Blaž, Marko Bohanec, and Albert Mo Kim Cheng. "Static Stability Analysis Method for Fuzzy Rule-Chaining Real-Time Systems." IFAC Proceedings Volumes 29, no. 7 (1996): 295–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1474-6670(17)43734-7.

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Harb, Hany, Hamdy Kelash, and Ahmed Shehata. "STATIC TOOL ENVIRONMENT FOR RULE TERMINATION ANALYSIS BY REFINED EVOLUTION GRAPHS." JES. Journal of Engineering Sciences 35, no. 1 (2007): 163–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/jesaun.2007.111412.

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Tezcan, Tolga. "Stability analysis of N-model systems under a static priority rule." Queueing Systems 73, no. 3 (2012): 235–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11134-012-9304-z.

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Hermeling, Mark. "Static Code Analysis in Continuous Integration - Agile and Rule-compliant Development." ATZelectronics worldwide 14, no. 1-2 (2019): 26–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s38314-018-0093-y.

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E, Weinan, and Pingbing Ming. "Cauchy–Born Rule and the Stability of Crystalline Solids: Static Problems." Archive for Rational Mechanics and Analysis 183, no. 2 (2006): 241–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00205-006-0031-7.

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Agapie, Alexandru. "Theoretical Analysis of Mutation-Adaptive Evolutionary Algorithms." Evolutionary Computation 9, no. 2 (2001): 127–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/106365601750190370.

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Adaptive evolutionary algorithms require a more sophisticated modeling than their static-parameter counterparts. Taking into account the current population is not enough when implementing parameter-adaptation rules based on success rates (evolution strategies) or on premature convergence (genetic algorithms). Instead of Markov chains, we use random systems with complete connections - accounting for a complete, rather than recent, history of the algorithm's evolution. Under the new paradigm, we analyze the convergence of several mutation-adaptive algorithms: a binary genetic algorithm, the 1/5 success rule evolution strategy, a continuous, respectively a dynamic (1+1) evolutionary algorithm.

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Chen, Deng, Yan-duo Zhang, Wei Wei, et al. "Efficient vulnerability detection based on an optimized rule-checking static analysis technique." Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 18, no. 3 (2017): 332–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1631/fitee.1500379.

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Zhou, Xin Xiang, Yan Ling Tang, Cheng Liu, and Guang Yu Hu. "Strength and Stability Analysis on Storage Silo of Concrete Mixing Plant." Applied Mechanics and Materials 204-208 (October 2012): 3132–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.204-208.3132.

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This paper takes the under-frame of 300t storage silo produced by a certain company as the main research subject,static behavior of the under-frame is analyzed by three-dimension finite element method to generalize the rule of static deformation and stress distribution.Eigenvalues can be obtained by stability analysis and global stability and the whole structure is checked.All of the above provide a reliable reference for the design of storage silo.

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Wagner, Michael R. "Crowdvoting Judgment: An Analysis of Modern Peer Review." Stochastic Systems 10, no. 3 (2020): 193–222. http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/stsy.2019.0053.

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In this paper, we propose and analyze models of self policing in online communities, in which assessment activities, typically handled by firm employees, are shifted to the “crowd.” Our underlying objective is to maximize firm value by maintaining the quality of the online community to prevent attrition, which, given a parsimonious model of voter participation, we show can be achieved by efficiently utilizing the crowd of volunteer voters. To do so, we focus on minimizing the number of voters needed for each assessment, subject to service-level constraints, which depends on a voting aggregation rule. We focus our attention on classes of voting aggregators that are simple, interpretable, and implementable, which increases the chance of adoption in practice. We consider static and dynamic variants of simple majority-rule voting, with which each vote is treated equally. We also study static and dynamic variants of a more sophisticated voting rule that allows more accurate voters to have a larger influence in determining the aggregate decision. We consider both independent and correlated voters and show that correlation is detrimental to performance. Finally, we take a system view and characterize the limit of a costless crowdvoting system that relies solely on volunteer voters. If this limit does not satisfy target service levels, then costly firm employees are needed to supplement the crowd.

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Lou, Jia Jia, Xue Mei Cao, and Ji Song Jiao. "Tooth Surface Contact Stress Analysis of the Straight Bevel Gear Axial Practice." Applied Mechanics and Materials 401-403 (September 2013): 345–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.401-403.345.

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The program of tooth surface and gear inside grid nodes is developed according to the tooth surface equation. Finite Element Analysis of the straight bevel gear axial practice model is established. Order flow contact models of the three teeth and contact pair of gears of the three teeth is developed by APDL language of ANSYS. The static contact stress analysis of axial practice is constructed. The static contact stress of tooth surface distribution and change rule is obtained by calculating. The result shows that axial practice pair of gears of have good meshing performance.

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Hart, Emma, and Kevin Sim. "A Hyper-Heuristic Ensemble Method for Static Job-Shop Scheduling." Evolutionary Computation 24, no. 4 (2016): 609–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/evco_a_00183.

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We describe a new hyper-heuristic method NELLI-GP for solving job-shop scheduling problems (JSSP) that evolves an ensemble of heuristics. The ensemble adopts a divide-and-conquer approach in which each heuristic solves a unique subset of the instance set considered. NELLI-GP extends an existing ensemble method called NELLI by introducing a novel heuristic generator that evolves heuristics composed of linear sequences of dispatching rules: each rule is represented using a tree structure and is itself evolved. Following a training period, the ensemble is shown to outperform both existing dispatching rules and a standard genetic programming algorithm on a large set of new test instances. In addition, it obtains superior results on a set of 210 benchmark problems from the literature when compared to two state-of-the-art hyper-heuristic approaches. Further analysis of the relationship between heuristics in the evolved ensemble and the instances each solves provides new insights into features that might describe similar instances.

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Yoon, Yongho, Minsik Jin, Yungbum Jung, Gyuho Lee, Heedong Kim, and Jingoog Kim. "Detecting C/C++ Program Security Vulnerability Based on Static Semantic Analysis and Rule Description Language." KIISE Transactions on Computing Practices 25, no. 10 (2019): 493–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.5626/ktcp.2019.25.10.493.

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Zhang, Xiao Xia, Chang Sheng Sun, Jian Heng Zhu, and Xiao Feng Yang. "Finite Element Analysis on Flexible Attachments of Luffing Jib Tower Crane." Advanced Materials Research 118-120 (June 2010): 512–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.118-120.512.

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According to the mechanical characteristics of a certain luffing jib tower crane structure, finite element calculation model of the whole machine considering suspended cable under complicated working conditions is built. Nonlinear large displacements static structural analysis of the crane flexible attachment in the on-linear flexible scope is conducted with software ANSYS. The influence of variational attachment parameter on crane structure and anchoring points performance and the flexible attachment rule of crane are researched. Curves of influence of distance between two layers and tower overhanging height on crane structure and anchoring points performance and the reasonable layers and distance of flexible attachment are obtained and attachment rule of flexible attachment tower crane is derived.

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Akimov, Pavel A., Vladimir N. Sidorov, and Oleg A. Negrozov. "ABOUT SOLUTION OF MULTIPOINT BOUNDARY PROBLEMS OF TWO-DIMENSIONAL STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS WITH THE USE OF COMBINED APPLICATION OF FINITE ELEMENT METHOD AND DISCRETE-CONTINUAL FINITE ELEMENT METHOD PART 1: FORMULATION AND BASIC PRINCIPLES OF APPROXIMATION." International Journal for Computational Civil and Structural Engineering 13, no. 1 (2017): 23–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.22337/2587-9618-2017-13-1-23-33.

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The distinctive paper is devoted to formulation and basic principles of approximation of multipoint boundary problem of static analysis of deep beam with the use of combined application of finite element method and discrete-continual finite element method. Design model, general formulation of the problem, basic principles of domain approximation, rule of numbering of subdomains, rule of numbering of finite elements, rule of numbering of discrete-continual finite elements are considered. Construction of discrete (finite element) and discretecontinual approximation models for subdomains is under consideration as well.

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Zhang, Qingzhao, David Ke Hong, Ze Zhang, Qi Alfred Chen, Scott Mahlke, and Z. Morley Mao. "A Systematic Framework to Identify Violations of Scenario-dependent Driving Rules in Autonomous Vehicle Software." Proceedings of the ACM on Measurement and Analysis of Computing Systems 5, no. 2 (2021): 1–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3460082.

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Safety compliance is paramount to the safe deployment of autonomous vehicle (AV) technologies in real-world transportation systems. As AVs will share road infrastructures with human drivers and pedestrians, it is an important requirement for AVs to obey standard driving rules. Existing AV software testing methods, including simulation and road testing, only check fundamental safety rules such as collision avoidance and safety distance. Scenario-dependent driving rules, including crosswalk and intersection rules, are more complicated because the expected driving behavior heavily depends on the surrounding circumstances. However, a testing framework is missing for checking scenario-dependent driving rules on various AV software. In this paper, we design and implement a systematic framework AVChecker for identifying violations of scenario-dependent driving rules in AV software using formal methods. AVChecker represents both the code logic of AV software and driving rules in proposed formal specifications and leverages satisfiability modulo theory (SMT) solvers to identify driving rule violations. To improve the automation of systematic rule-based checking, AVChecker provides a powerful user interface for writing driving rule specifications and applies static code analysis to extract rule-related code logic from the AV software codebase. Evaluations on two open-source AV software platforms, Baidu Apollo and Autoware, uncover 19 true violations out of 28 real-world driving rules covering crosswalks, traffic lights, stop signs, and intersections. Seven of the violations can lead to severe risks of a collision with pedestrians or blocking traffic.

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Kumar, Manoj, and Hemant Kumar Soni. "A Comparative Study of Tree-Based and Apriori-Based Approaches for Incremental Data Mining." International Journal of Engineering Research in Africa 23 (April 2016): 120–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/jera.23.120.

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Association rule mining is an iterative and interactive process of discovering valid, novel, useful, understandable and hidden associations from the massive database. The Colossal databases require powerful and intelligent tools for analysis and discovery of frequent patterns and association rules. Several researchers have proposed the many algorithms for generating item sets and association rules for discovery of frequent patterns, and minning of the association rules. These proposals are validated on static data. A dynamic database may introduce some new association rules, which may be interesting and helpful in taking better business decisions. In association rule mining, the validation of performance and cost of the existing algorithms on incremental data are less explored. Hence, there is a strong need of comprehensive study and in-depth analysis of the existing proposals of association rule mining. In this paper, the existing tree-based algorithms for incremental data mining are presented and compared on the baisis of number of scans, structure, size and type of database. It is concluded that the Can-Tree approach dominates the other algorithms such as FP-Tree, FUFP-Tree, FELINE Alorithm with CATS-Tree etc.This study also highlights some hot issues and future research directions. This study also points out that there is a strong need for devising an efficient and new algorithm for incremental data mining.

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Güzel Kalayci, Elem, Sebastian Brandt, Diego Calvanese, Vladislav Ryzhikov, Guohui Xiao, and Michael Zakharyaschev. "Ontology–based access to temporal data with Ontop: A framework proposal." International Journal of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science 29, no. 1 (2019): 17–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/amcs-2019-0002.

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Abstract Predictive analysis gradually gains importance in industry. For instance, service engineers at Siemens diagnostic centres unveil hidden knowledge in huge amounts of historical sensor data and use it to improve the predictive systems analysing live data. Currently, the analysis is usually done using data-dependent rules that are specific to individual sensors and equipment. This dependence poses significant challenges in rule authoring, reuse, and maintenance by engineers. One solution to this problem is to employ ontology-based data access (OBDA), which provides a conceptual view of data via an ontology. However, classical OBDA systems do not support access to temporal data and reasoning over it. To address this issue, we propose a framework for temporal OBDA. In this framework, we use extended mapping languages to extract information about temporal events in the RDF format, classical ontology and rule languages to reflect static information, as well as a temporal rule language to describe events. We also propose a SPARQL-based query language for retrieving temporal information and, finally, an architecture of system implementation extending the state-of-the-art OBDA platform Ontop.

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Akimov, Pavel A., and Oleg A. Negrozov. "ABOUT SOLUTION OF MULTIPOINT BOUNDARY PROBLEMS OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS WITH THE USE OF COMBINED APPLICATION OF FINITE ELEMENT METHOD AND DISCRETE-CONTINUAL FINITE ELEMENT METHOD. PART 1: FORMULATION AND BASIC PRINCIPLES OF APPROXIMATION." International Journal for Computational Civil and Structural Engineering 14, no. 2 (2018): 14–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.22337/2587-9618-2018-14-2-14-29.

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The distinctive paper is devoted to formulation and basic principles of approximation of multipoint boundary problem of static analysis of three-dimensional structure with the use of combined application of finite element method and discrete-continual finite element method. Basic notation system, design model, general formulation of the problem (based on three-dimensional theory of elasticity), basic principles of domain approximation, rule of numbering of subdomains, rule of numbering of finite elements, rule of numbering of discrete- continual finite elements are considered. Construction of discrete (finite element) and discrete-continual approximation models for subdomains is under consideration as well

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Presura, Adrian, Ionel Chirica, and Elena Felicia Beznea. "Behavior Analysis of a Ship Structure Made out of Composite Materials." Advanced Materials Research 1143 (February 2017): 127–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1143.127.

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. In this paper a parametric static and torsion analysis on a catamaran ship structure made out of composites materials is performed. The best solution for material selection is based on specific criteria for certain analysis. For dynamic analysis, the main criteria is to obtain the structure natural frequencies in a range, far from the resonance frequencies produced by the ship propulsion installation, wave loads etc. For static analysis the comparative criteria is to obtain the lowest weight of structure for the same strength. Also, buckling item is other criteria for comparative analysis. The comparative analysis is performed between rule based scantling structure and a FEM based structure for a composite material twin hull deck, in order to reduce the total hull weight. Material used for ship deck structure of the analyzed ship is e-glass polyester.

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Bourchak, Mostefa, and Wail Harasani. "Analytical and experimental investigation of tensile properties of cross-ply and angle-ply GFRP composite laminates." Science and Engineering of Composite Materials 22, no. 3 (2015): 297–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/secm-2013-0105.

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AbstractThe static tensile properties in the form of ultimate failure stress, ultimate failure strain and Young’s modulus of a cross-ply glass fiber-reinforced polymer (GFRP) composite laminate [904, 04]s and an unconventional angle-ply GFRP composite laminate [+67.54, -67.54]s were investigated using the netting analysis, the laminate mixture rule (Hart-Smith 10% rule) and the classical laminate theory (CLT). The findings were then compared to experimental results to determine the accuracy of each analytical technique. It was found that the netting analysis was the best overall method for estimating the cross-ply laminate tensile properties, whereas neither the CLT nor the 10% rule were appropriate for estimating the tensile properties of the unconventional ply angle laminate.

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HOLLENBERG, LLOYD C. L., and BRUCE H. J. MCKELLAR. "QCD CORRECTIONS TO THE WEAK INTERACTIONS OF MESONS IN THE STATIC CAVITY." International Journal of Modern Physics A 05, no. 10 (1990): 2005–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x90000933.

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The effect of QCD loop corrections to the weak interactions of hadrons is studied in a nonperturbative framework in which the matrix elements of the bare effective weak Hamiltonian between hadronic states are computed. The QCD renormalization is carried out in the static cavity, alleviating the scale matching problem of the standard short distance analysis. Specifically, we study the Δl=1/2 rule by computing the QCD corrected K-π matrix elements. The modified static cavity model used is characterized by four parameters; the effective quark-gluon coupling constant, the confinement pressure, the zero-point energy and a parameter governing the center-of-mass corrections. These parameters are fitted to the π and ρ masses and the charge radii of π and K. Results are given for the ultrarelativistic (mu=md=0) sector and for a region (mu=md≈140 MeV) where the ΔI=1/2 rule is uniquely reproduced.

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Yu, Zhong Guang, Xian Li Liu, Yuan Sheng Zhai, Geng Huang He, and M. Li. "Tool with Heavy-Duty Machining Tube Section of the Fatigue Analysis." Advanced Materials Research 188 (March 2011): 344–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.188.344.

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Because the tube festivals surface is not round, uneven, so the cutting tool is under impact unceasingly in cutting process. Cutting tool is extremely easy to have fatigue failure, therefore it is very necessary to use finite element numerical analysis software ANSYS to carry on numerical simulation analysis for heavy lathe tool intensity static. The force of cutting tool and distributed rule of definite cutting tool internal stress strain could be precisely got by using FEM, thus the analysis results could improve cutting tool stress condition and the structural design provides the theory basis

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Shahabodini, A., R. Ansari, and M. Darvizeh. "Multiscale modeling of embedded graphene sheets based on the higher-order Cauchy-Born rule: Nonlinear static analysis." Composite Structures 165 (April 2017): 25–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2016.12.067.

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Wang, Yang, Wen Fu Wu, and Ya Qiu Zhang. "Research on Correlation between the Pressure and the Grain Moisture Content in the Rectangular Silo." Advanced Materials Research 1073-1076 (December 2014): 1828–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1073-1076.1828.

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In the process of grain drying, the pressure of grain formation has a certain rule when the grains flow in the silo. In the project, we research on the method of the saturated pressure would measure grain moisture in the silo. The dynamic and static pressure is set up the simulation equation in the rectangular silo. We explore dynamic and static pressure change regularity and analysis the trend of the dynamic and static pressure with height in the rectangular silo.The results show that with the increase of filling height, dynamic and static pressure has gradually becoming saturated trend. At the same time, we study on the correlation between the saturated pressure and moisture content. When the grain reaches a certain height, the pressure achieves the ultimate value.

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Shi, Zhou, Jun Li Guo, Wei Feng Su, and Shuang Yang Zhang. "Analysis of Dynamic Wind of Sound Barrier under High Speed Train." Applied Mechanics and Materials 361-363 (August 2013): 1536–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.361-363.1536.

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The special dynamic pulsating air pressure acting on the surface of sound barrier can be aroused by passing high speed train, making sound barrier structure and components prone to destruction and other issues. Based 3-D unsteady k-ε two-equation turbulent model, dynamic processes of high-speed trains passing the sound barrier region at different speeds and many factors are simulated and analyzed by using moving mesh finite volume method. The results of dynamic numerical calculated pulsating air pressure results and the effecting rule of various parameters were obtained, and compared with the measured data. It is showed that the air pressure value increases with the increasing train speed and the dynamic numerical calculated pulsating air pressure curves shape and effecting rule of parameters are all well matched with the measured data, but the air pressure value is slightly larger. At last, based on the results of numerical calculation, the addition of static air pressure value caused by high speed train is put forward.

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Chen, Lin, Jin Liang Duan, Ge Li, and Jian Guo Wang. "Preparation and Stress Calculation Analysis of Light Elastic-Plastic Material." Advanced Materials Research 189-193 (February 2011): 1432–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.189-193.1432.

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Based on the photo-elastic method, four groups of different ratio light elastic-plastic material were prepared by changing the epoxy resin, the firming agent, the plasticizer mass ratio; and the light elastic-plasticity material stress-strain curve and its elastic modulus E and Poisson's ratio were obtained through the stretch experiment. The light elastic-plastic rail models were made by 1:5, and the computation analyzes stress distribution of the rail head of the heavy rail and carried on the static examination. The stress stripe chart change rule of the light elastic-plasticity material during load and unload process was observed.

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Zhang, Wei, Cai Xia Ma, and Shuang Xia Niu. "Discussig of Electricity Embedded Software Testing Technology." Applied Mechanics and Materials 401-403 (September 2013): 1674–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.401-403.1674.

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Focusing on the feature of embedded software in power industry and to ensure its high reliability, the authors of this article introduced a comprehensive and effective testing technique based on the theory and practice of embedded test, with two phases: static test and dynamic unit test. It focus on the coding rule checking, quality metrics, analysis, flow control and data flow analysis and coverage analysis techniques.

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Szőke, Gábor. "Automating the Refactoring Process." Acta Cybernetica 23, no. 2 (2017): 715–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.14232/actacyb.23.2.2017.16.

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To decrease software maintenance cost, software development companies use static source code analysis techniques. Static analysis tools are capable of finding potential bugs, anti-patterns, coding rule violations, and they can also enforce coding style standards. Although there are several available static analyzers to choose from, they only support issue detection. The elimination of the issues is still performed manually by developers. Here, we propose a process that supports the automatic elimination of coding issues in Java. We introduce a tool that uses a third-party static analyzer as input and enables developers to automatically fix the detected issues for them. Our tool uses a special technique, called reverse AST-search, to locate source code elements in a syntax tree, just based on location information. Our tool was evaluated and tested in a two-year project with six software development companies where thousands of code smells were identified and fixed in five systems that have altogether over five million lines of code.

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Bender, M., M. Stanic, D. Luketina, and D. Hranisavljevic. "Optimisation meets the manager: a case study of the La Paz reservoir system." Water Supply 3, no. 1-2 (2003): 373–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2003.0127.

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Managers must usually apply operating rules to optimise the use of water resources in a sustainable manner. Ideally a manager needs a set of near-optimal dynamic operating rules that are consistent with the objectives and level of risk set by the manager. The traditional approach for a reservoir is to develop fixed (static) rule curves based upon a statistical analysis. However, improved dynamic rules can be derived using optimisation techniques such as genetic algorithms. Also, simulation methods can be used. Here we show how both methods can be applied to generate near-optimal dynamic operating rules for a reservoir system used for drinking water supply in La Paz, Bolivia. In particular, we show how simple practical operating rules can incorporate the level of risk set by the manager. Further, these rules advise how quickly water levels should be altered when they are too high or too low.

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Zhang, Hong Hai, Ai Min Gong, and Chun Yan Wang. "Stress-Deformation Numerical Analysis of Clay Core Rockfill Dam Based on Duncan-Chang E-B Model." Applied Mechanics and Materials 275-277 (January 2013): 1436–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.275-277.1436.

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Used static finite element method to analyse the clay core rockfill dam of laojunshan reservoir whith Duncan-Chang E-B model. The results shows that the maximum of stress level is 0.78 under completion mode, and the maximum of stress level is 0.9 under normal operating condition. The stress and displacement value of the dam as well as its distribution rule is normal, and the maximum of stress level is less than 1. The possibility of occurring hydraulic split for core-wall is very small, and the dam is in a safe state.

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Saluja, Shivani, and Usha Batra. "Classification and Analysis of Static Metric Based Antipattern Detection in Service Computing." Recent Advances in Computer Science and Communications 13, no. 4 (2020): 747–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/2213275912666190809105751.

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Background: Design Pattern is regarded as an essential component for enhancement of system design which can further improve the reusability and maintainability whereas antipattern degrades the quality of the program. Antipatterns are sub-optimal implementation choices which initially appears to be a good concept but later on leads to low code maintainability and higher maintenance costs. Objective: The identification of antipatterns which lead to performance degradation plays an important role in the reduction of expensive work and cost involved in maintenance, redesign, reimplementation, and redeployment. The main motivation is to refactor the source code in order to reduce maintenance efforts. Antipatterns impact reliability, testability and maintainability, but they still lack clear identification because of different interpretations and definition of each antipattern. There is a need for a benchmark to analyze the result generated by antipatterns. Methods: Static and dynamic analysis individually do not suffice for antipattern .A hybrid approach is proposed by combining rule based static analysis with dynamic run time analysis. Before applying the hybrid approach a simple manual validation was done to exclude the type of input which had the least probability of containing antipattern. The approach aims at optimizing the results by inclusion of response time metric measure which can be evaluated at runtime execution of the web service. Results and Conclusion: : The paper focusses on detection of antipatterns from web services based on code level and interface level static metrics .Only a brief overview of dynamic approach for detection is proposed. The future scope of this paper will focus on detection of antipattern based on more number of dynamic metrics and also a comparative analysis of the results generated from static, dynamic and hybrid approach.

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Fedczuk, Pawel, and Wojciech Skowroński. "NON-LINEAR ANALYSIS OF PLANE STEEL PRESTRESSED TRUSS IN FIRE." JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 8, no. 3 (2002): 177–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/13923730.2002.10531274.

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The concept of analysis of 2-D static loaded prestressed steel trusses till failure during fire using a modified method of forces is presented. Failure of steel trusses in fire is based on the criterion of stresses. Behaviour of steel is described by non-linear constitutive model (based on hypo-elastic Ramberg-Osgood formula and Dorn creep theory) and Plem proposition (for string). Both models are approximated in calculations by hyperbolic Norton-Bailey rule. Fire simulates thermal force as an action of high temperature that increases linearly up to some level. The complete formulation of this method is illustrated by the algorithm of model parameters identification. Analysis of results for specific prestressed truss made of ASTM A36 and A421 steel in fire is presented.

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Lamprou, Ioannis, Russell Martin, and Paul Spirakis. "Cover Time in Edge-Uniform Stochastically-Evolving Graphs." Algorithms 11, no. 10 (2018): 149. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/a11100149.

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We define a general model of stochastically-evolving graphs, namely the edge-uniform stochastically-evolving graphs. In this model, each possible edge of an underlying general static graph evolves independently being either alive or dead at each discrete time step of evolution following a (Markovian) stochastic rule. The stochastic rule is identical for each possible edge and may depend on the past k ≥ 0 observations of the edge’s state. We examine two kinds of random walks for a single agent taking place in such a dynamic graph: (i) The Random Walk with a Delay (RWD), where at each step, the agent chooses (uniformly at random) an incident possible edge, i.e., an incident edge in the underlying static graph, and then, it waits till the edge becomes alive to traverse it. (ii) The more natural Random Walk on what is Available (RWA), where the agent only looks at alive incident edges at each time step and traverses one of them uniformly at random. Our study is on bounding the cover time, i.e., the expected time until each node is visited at least once by the agent. For RWD, we provide a first upper bound for the cases k = 0 , 1 by correlating RWD with a simple random walk on a static graph. Moreover, we present a modified electrical network theory capturing the k = 0 case. For RWA, we derive some first bounds for the case k = 0 , by reducing RWA to an RWD-equivalent walk with a modified delay. Further, we also provide a framework that is shown to compute the exact value of the cover time for a general family of stochastically-evolving graphs in exponential time. Finally, we conduct experiments on the cover time of RWA in edge-uniform graphs and compare the experimental findings with our theoretical bounds.

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CHEN, YI-YUAN, and KUU-YOUNG YOUNG. "AN SOM-BASED ALGORITHM FOR OPTIMIZATION WITH DYNAMIC WEIGHT UPDATING." International Journal of Neural Systems 17, no. 03 (2007): 171–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129065707001044.

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The self-organizing map (SOM), as a kind of unsupervised neural network, has been used for both static data management and dynamic data analysis. To further exploit its search abilities, in this paper we propose an SOM-based algorithm (SOMS) for optimization problems involving both static and dynamic functions. Furthermore, a new SOM weight updating rule is proposed to enhance the learning efficiency; this may dynamically adjust the neighborhood function for the SOM in learning system parameters. As a demonstration, the proposed SOMS is applied to function optimization and also dynamic trajectory prediction, and its performance compared with that of the genetic algorithm (GA) due to the similar ways both methods conduct searches.

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Tang, Xian He, Min Lu, Xue Bin Feng, and Kui Liu. "Effect of Thermal-Cold Cycling on Properties of Glass Fiber/ Epoxy Resin Composite for Wind Turbin Blade." Advanced Materials Research 482-484 (February 2012): 1483–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.482-484.1483.

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The weight loss rate, FTIR characteristic, static mechanical properties and dynamic mechanical properties of neat epoxy resin and glass fiber/ epoxy resin laminates (GF/EP) after thermal-cold cycling were studied in this paper. The rule of static tensile and flexural strength of neat epoxy resin and GF/EP after ageing was investigated through the static mechanical properties analysis. The ageing mechanism of GF/EP was studied by analyzing the storage modulus (E′), loss modulus (E"), loss factor of GF/EP and FITR of epoxy resin. The results show that the weight loss rate increases with the ageing time，which is up to 9% after 400 times ageing cycle. The strength and flexural strength of GF/EP decreased by 6% and 21% after ageing, while the tensile strength of neat epoxy resin increases by 8% and its flexural strength increases slightly after ageing. The mechanism analysis reveals that internal defects of GF/EP would be induced by thermal-cold cycling stress, which results in the interface bonding strength dropping and the performance reducing.

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Pouresmaeeli, S., and S. A. Fazelzadeh. "Uncertain Buckling and Sensitivity Analysis of Functionally Graded Carbon Nanotube-Reinforced Composite Beam." International Journal of Applied Mechanics 09, no. 05 (2017): 1750071. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1758825117500715.

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The static instability of functionally graded carbon nanotube-reinforced composite (FG-CNTRC) beam in the presence of the material and geometrical uncertainties is investigated. By utilizing the extended rule of mixture, the mechanical properties of nanocomposite beam are estimated, and critical buckling loads are obtained by the use of Galerkin’s method. To take propagation of uncertain variables into account, a nonprobabilistic approach is employed. The suggested model is justified by a great agreement between the given results and available data in the literature. The most prominent uncertain variables are distinguished based on a sensitivity analysis. Furthermore, the influence of volume fraction of the carbon nanotube on the upper and lower bounds of uncertain buckling load and uncertainty propagation percent of FG-CNTRC beam is examined.

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Bertier, Marin, Matthieu Perrin, and Cédric Tedeschi. "On the Complexity of Concurrent Multiset Rewriting." International Journal of Foundations of Computer Science 27, no. 01 (2016): 67–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129054116500052.

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In this paper, we are interested in the runtime complexity of programs based on multiset rewriting. The motivation behind this work is the study of the complexity of chemistry-inspired programming models, which recently regained momentum due to their adequacy to large autonomous systems. In these models, data are most of the time left unstructured in a container, formally, a multiset. The program to be applied to this multiset is specified as a set of conditioned rules rewriting the multiset. At run time, these rewrite operations are applied concurrently, until no rule can be applied anymore (the set of elements they need cannot be found in the multiset anymore). A limitation of these models stand in their complexity: each computation step may require a complexity in [Formula: see text] where n denotes the number of elements in the multiset, and k is the size of the subset of elements needed to trigger a given rule. By analogy with chemistry, such elements can be called reactants. In this paper, we explore the possibility of improving the complexity of searching reactants through a static analysis of the rules' condition. In particular, we give a characterisation of this complexity, by analogy to the subgraph isomorphism problem. Given a rule R, we define its rank rk(R) and its calibre C(R), allowing us to exhibit an algorithm with a complexity in [Formula: see text] for searching reactants, while showing that [Formula: see text] and that [Formula: see text] most of the time.

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SHAMA, AYMAN A. "ROCKING OF LARGE BRIDGE CAISSONS DUE TO SEISMIC EXCITATION." Journal of Earthquake and Tsunami 01, no. 04 (2007): 329–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793431107000201.

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Caisson foundations are massive structures that respond to seismic loads in a primarily rocking mode. This paper presents a case study on an existing bridge caisson where the capacity spectrum approach was used to evaluate the performance for a specific seismic event. The deformation capacity curve was evaluated from nonlinear static pushover of a three dimensional finite element model of the caisson embedded in the surrounding soil. The model included interface elements to capture gapping, sliding, and rocking of the caisson during the analysis. The nonlinear behavior of the soil was represented by a cap plasticity model, which is based on the well known Drucker–Prager yield condition and a non-associated flow rule. Alternatively, a theoretical approach was developed, using basic principles of structural mechanics and the half-space theory, to determine the capacity curve. Results of nonlinear static pushover methods compared favorably to nonlinear time history analyses.

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Reshetnikova, G. A. "THE LEGAL CONCEPT OF THE SECURITY PHENOMENON: CRITICAL ANALYSIS." Bulletin of Udmurt University. Series Economics and Law 29, no. 6 (2019): 885–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.35634/2412-9593-2019-29-6-885-891.

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Nowadays, the phenomenon of "security" has acquired the status of a general scientific term, which served as an occasion for the search for its conceptual basis. In any study, regardless of a particular branch of knowledge, this search, as a rule, begins with the concept of this phenomenon given in the Law of the Russian Federation “On Security” No. 2446-1 of March 5, 1992. Recently, this concept has been criticized more in view of “passivity”, “static character”, “excessive ideologization” and other comments. Conclusion: its suitability as a methodological basis is doubtful. Critics often give, as an indirect proof of the correctness of their position, the argument about the absence of such a definition in the current Federal Law “On Security” No. 390-ФЗ dated December 28, 2010. The author has attempted to understand how strong and convincing the arguments "against" made by different authors are.

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Bai, Xin Li, Dan Fei Wang, Yuan Yuan Fan, and Wei Yu. "Structure Analysis of Large Rectangle Aqueduct during Construction and Operation Periods." Advanced Materials Research 255-260 (May 2011): 1163–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.255-260.1163.

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Using large structure analysis software, the stress and displacement are calculated for Shuangji River rectangle aqueduct structure during construction and operation periods. The 19 different load combination cases are considered. The variation rule of mechanics behavior is obtained for concrete material during different load combination period. The simulation results show that the conventional method simulating prestress can lead to stress concentration in the point the force is acted on. It is a relatively good simulation method to add a steel plate to the area where the prestressed strands are acted on. In this way, the local stress concentration can be reduced. When use pseudo-static method for calculation of the seismic load, the load case considering the seismic load is a control load case. The Shuangji River aqueduct can meet the requirement of intensity and rigidity during construction and operation periods.

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Pei, Shiling, Yongle Li, Yulong Bao, Xin Li, and Shizhong Qiang. "Impact of train-induced vibration on railway cable-stayed bridges fatigue evaluation." Baltic Journal of Road and Bridge Engineering 11, no. 2 (2016): 102–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/bjrbe.2016.12.

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Under repetitive heavy train traffic, railway steel truss bridges tend to have many fatigue related performance issues, especially at welded joints. Accurate estimation of the stress history at critical locations of welded joints under vehicle loading is important for joint fatigue design. Traditionally, vehicle loads were treated as moving static loads without considering their dynamic effects. In this study, a numerical procedure was introduced to incorporate the effect of dynamic response of the train–bridge coupled system on nodal fatigue damage. The proposed approach employs a twolevel modelling scheme which combines dynamic analysis for the full train-bridge system and detailed stress analysis at the joint. Miner rule was used to determine the cumulative fatigue damage at critical locations on the welded joint. A sensitivity analysis was conducted for different train loading configurations. It was determined that dynamic vibration negatively influences fatigue life. The calculated cumulative damage at investigated locations can more than the damage estimated using only static moving load method.

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VALLALA, V. P., G. S. PAYETTE, and J. N. REDDY. "A SPECTRAL/hp NONLINEAR FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS OF HIGHER-ORDER BEAM THEORY WITH VISCOELASTICITY." International Journal of Applied Mechanics 04, no. 01 (2012): 1250010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1758825112001397.

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In this paper, a finite element model for efficient nonlinear analysis of the mechanical response of viscoelastic beams is presented. The principle of virtual work is utilized in conjunction with the third-order beam theory to develop displacement-based, weak-form Galerkin finite element model for both quasi-static and fully-transient analysis. The displacement field is assumed such that the third-order beam theory admits C0 Lagrange interpolation of all dependent variables and the constitutive equation can be that of an isotropic material. Also, higher-order interpolation functions of spectral/hp type are employed to efficiently eliminate numerical locking. The mechanical properties are considered to be linear viscoelastic while the beam may undergo von Kármán nonlinear geometric deformations. The constitutive equations are modeled using Prony exponential series with general n-parameter Kelvin chain as its mechanical analogy for quasi-static cases and a simple two-element Maxwell model for dynamic cases. The fully discretized finite element equations are obtained by approximating the convolution integrals from the viscous part of the constitutive relations using a trapezoidal rule. A two-point recurrence scheme is developed that uses the approximation of relaxation moduli with Prony series. This necessitates the data storage for only the last time step and not for the entire deformation history.

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Rahimi, Alireza, Akbar Alibeigloo, and Mehran Safarpour. "Three-dimensional static and free vibration analysis of graphene platelet–reinforced porous composite cylindrical shell." Journal of Vibration and Control 26, no. 19-20 (2020): 1627–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1077546320902340.

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Because of promoted thermomechanical performance of functionally graded graphene platelet–reinforced composite ultralight porous structural components, this article investigates bending and free vibration behavior of functionally graded graphene platelet–reinforced composite porous cylindrical shell based on the theory of elasticity. Effective elasticity modulus of the composite is estimated with the aid of modified version of Halpin–Tsai micromechanics. Rule of mixtures is used to obtain mass density and Poisson’s ratio of the graphene platelet–reinforced composite shell. An analytical solution is introduced to obtain the natural frequencies and static behavior of simply supported cylindrical shell by applying the state-space technique along the radial coordinate and Fourier series expansion along the circumferential and axial direction. In addition, differential quadrature method is used to explore the response of the cylindrical shell in the other cases of boundary conditions. Validity of the applied approach is examined by comparing the numerical results with those published in the available literature. A comprehensive parametric study is conducted on the effects of different combinations of graphene platelets distribution patterns and porosity distribution patterns, boundary conditions, graphene platelets weight fraction, porosity coefficient, and geometry of the shell (such as mid-radius to thickness ratio and length to mid-radius ratio) on the bending and free vibration behavior of the functionally graded graphene platelet–reinforced composite porous cylindrical shell. The results of this study provide useful practical tips for engineers designing composite structures.

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Baik, Y. M., and K. S. Kim. "Crack Growth in Stainless Steel 304 under Creep-Fatigue Loading." Key Engineering Materials 353-358 (September 2007): 485–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.353-358.485.

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Crack growth in compact specimens of type 304 stainless steel is studied at 538oC. Loading conditions include pure fatigue loading, static loading and fatigue loading with hold time. Crack growth rates are correlated with the stress intensity factor. A finite element analysis is performed to understand the crack tip field under creep-fatigue loading. It is found that fatigue loading interrupts stress relaxation around the crack tip and cause stress reinstatement, thereby accelerating crack growth compared with pure static loading. An effort is made to model crack growth rates under combined influence of creep and fatigue loading. The correlation with the stress intensity factor is found better when da/dt is used instead of da/dN. Both the linear summation rule and the dominant damage rule overestimate crack growth rates under creep-fatigue loading. A model is proposed to better correlate crack growth rates under creep-fatigue loading: 1 c f da da da dt dt dt Ψ −Ψ     =         , where Ψ is an exponent determined from damage under pure fatigue loading and pure creep loading. This model correlates crack growth rates for relatively small loads and low stress intensity factors. However, correlation becomes poor as the crack growth rate becomes large under a high level of load.

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Lu, Xiao Yang, Feng Cheng Liu, Da Liang Zhang, et al. "Square Pyramid Partial Double Layer of Schwedler Spherical Reticulated Shell Parametric Design and Mechanical Analysis." Applied Mechanics and Materials 670-671 (October 2014): 687–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.670-671.687.

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Using ANSYS software comes with parametric design language APDL, developed a square pyramid partial double layer of Schwedler spherical reticulated shell parametric design macro program; achieved this kind of spherical shell parametric modeling with the given shell span S, vector high F, the thickness (height) of the pyramid, ring copies of the symmetric region Kn and radial nodes laps Nx. Analyzed the static performance of the spherical reticulated shell under different structural parameters, studied the displacement of the structure and the distribution of the stress change with macroscopic geometric parameter change rule. Analysis results of eight kinds of conditions showed that the square pyramid partial double layer of Schwedler spherical reticulated shell has good mechanical performance. The result of the analysis provides a theoretical basis for the relevant engineering design.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Static rule analysis'

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