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Ambrožová, Andrea. "Statistická analýza ekonomických rizikových faktorů organizace." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Ústav soudního inženýrství, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-232813.
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This thesis deals with the evaluation of high-risk economical factors of one particular organization and consequently with their evaluation based on statistical methods. The principal aim of the study was to determine the dominant economic indicators of the organization and assess their development over time based on statistical methods, using statistical tools. The tools utilized in the thesis were Statgraphics Centurion XV and MS Excel.
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Pasha, Hasan G. "Estimation of Static Stiffnesses from Free Boundary Dynamic (FRF) Measurements." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1416569956.
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Ma, Zuhui, and 馬祖輝. "Fast methods for low-frequency and static EM problems." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/195987.
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Electromagnetic effects play an important role in many engineering problems. The fast and accurate numerical methods for electromagnetic analysis are highly desired in both the low-frequency analysis and the static analysis.
In the first part of this thesis, a low-frequency stable domain decomposition method, the augmented equivalence principle algorithm (A-EPA) with augmented electric field integral equation (A-EFIE), is introduced for analyzing the electromagnetic problems at low frequencies. The A-EFIE is first employed as a inner current solver for the EPA algorithm so that it improves the low-frequency inaccuracy issue. This method, however, cannot completely remove the low-frequency breakdown. To overcome it, the A-EPA with A-EFIE is studied and developed so that it has the capability to solve low-frequency problems accurately.
In the second part, novel Helmholtz decomposition based fast Poisson solvers for both 2-D and 3-D problems are introduced. These new methods are implemented through the quasi-Helmholtz decomposition technique, i.e. the loop-tree decomposition. In 2-D cases, the proposed method can achieve O(N) complexity in terms of both computational cost and memory consumption for moderate accuracy requirements. Although computational costs become higher when more accurate results are needed, a multilevel method by using the hierarchical loop basis functions can obtain the desired efficiency. The same idea can be extend to 3-D case for exploiting a new generation of fast method for electrostatic problems.published_or_final_version
Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Doctoral
Doctor of Philosophy
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Hernández, Victor L. (Victor Leonel Hernández Porras) 1977. "Including native methods in static analysis of Java programs." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/86464.
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Thesis (M.Eng.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2000.Includes bibliographical references (p. 61-63).
by Victor L. Hernandez.
M.Eng.
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Mosquera, Jenyfer. "Static and pseudo-static stability analysis of tailings storage facilities using deterministic and probabilistic methods." Thesis, McGill University, 2013. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=117155.
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Tailings facilities are vast man-made structures designed and built for the storage and management of mill effluents throughout the life of a mining project. There are different types of tailings storage facilities (TSF) classified in accordance with the method of construction of the embankment and the mechanical properties of the tailings to be stored. The composition of tailings is determined by the mineral processing technique used to obtain the concentrate as well as the physical and chemical properties of the ore body. As a common denominator, TSFs are vulnerable to failure due to design or operational deficiencies, site-specific features, or due to random variables such as material properties, seismic events or unusual precipitation. As a result, long-term risk based stability assessment of mine wastes storage facilities is necessary.The stability analyses of TSFs are traditionally conducted using the Limit Equilibrium Method (LEM). However, it has been demonstrated that relying exclusively on this approach may not warrant full understanding of the behaviour of the TSF because the LEM neglects the stress-deformation constitutive relationships that ensure displacement compatibility. Furthermore, the intrinsic variability of tailings properties is not taken into account either because it is basically a deterministic method. In order to overcome these limitations of the LEM, new methods and techniques have been proposed for slope stability assessment. The Strength Reduction Technique (SRT) based on the Finite Element Method (FEM), for instance, has been successfully applied for this purpose. Likewise, stability assessment with the probabilistic approach has gained more and more popularity in mining engineering because it offers a comprehensive and more realistic estimation of TSFs performance. In the light of the advances in numerical modelling and geotechnical engineering applied to the mining industry, this thesis presents a stability analysis comparison between an upstream tailings storage facility (UTSF), and a water retention tailings dam (WRTD). First, the effect of embankment/tailings height increase on the overall stability is evaluated under static and pseudo-static states. Second, the effect of the phreatic surface location in the UTSF, and the embankment to core permeability ratio in the WRTD are investigated. The analyses are conducted using rigorous and simplified LEMs and the FEM - SRT. In order to take into consideration the effect of the intrinsic variability of tailings properties on stability, parametric analyses are conducted to identify the critical random variables of each TSF. Finally, the Monte Carlo Simulation (MCS), and the Point Estimate Method (PEM) are applied to recalculate the FOS and to estimate the probability of failure and reliability indices of each analysis. The results are compared against the minimum static and pseudo-static stability requirements and design guidelines applicable to mining operations in the Province of Quebec, Canada.Keywords: Tailings storage facilities (TSF), Limit Equilibrium Method (LEM), Shear Reduction Technique (SST), pseudo-static seismic coefficient, probability of failure, Point Estimate Method (PEM), Reliability Index.Les parcs à résidus miniers (PRMs) sont de vastes structures utilisées pour le stockage et la gestion des déchets pendant l'opération et après la clôture d'un site minier. Différentes techniques d'entreposage existent, dépendant principalement de la méthode de construction de la digue et des propriétés physiques, chimiques et mécaniques des résidus à stocker. La composition des résidus est déterminée par la technique utilisée pour extraire le minerai du gisement ainsi que par les propriétés physico-chimiques du gisement. De manière générale, les installations de stockage de résidus miniers sont dans une certaine mesure, sujettes à des ruptures. Celles-ci sont associées à des défauts de conception et d'exploitation, des conditions spécifiques au site, des facteurs environnementaux, ainsi que des variables aléatoires telles que les propriétés des matériaux, les événements sismiques, ou les précipitations inhabituelles. Par conséquent, la stabilité des PRMs à long terme est nécessaire sur la base de l'évaluation de risques.Les analyses de stabilité sont généralement effectuées à l'aide de la méthode d'équilibre limite (MEL), cependant, il a été prouvé que s'appuyer exclusivement sur les MELs n'est pas exact car la relation entre déformation et contrainte est négligée dans cette approche, tout comme le déplacement ayant lieu au pendant la construction et l'opération des PRMs. En outre, la variabilité spatiale intrinsèque des propriétés des résidus et autres matériaux utilisés pour la construction des PRMs n'est pas prise en compte. En conséquence, de nouvelles méthodes et techniques ont été développées pour surmonter les limites de la MEL. La méthode des éléments finis (MEF) et la Technique de réduction de cisaillement (TRC), par exemple, ont été appliquées avec succès pour l'analyse de la stabilité des PRMs. De même, l'approche probabiliste pour l'analyse de la stabilité des pentes a gagné en popularité car elle offre une simulation complète et plus réaliste de la performance des PRMs.À la lumière des progrès réalisés dans le domaine de la modélisation numérique et de la géotechnique pour l'industrie minière, cette thèse présente une comparaison entre une installation d'entreposage des résidus en amont et un barrage de stériles et d'eaux de décantation.En premier lieu, l'effet de l'augmentation de la hauteur des résidus sur la stabilité globale est évalué en vertu des états statiques et pseudo-statiques. En deuxième lieu, l'effet de l'emplacement de la nappe phréatique dans installation d'entreposage des résidus en amont et le rapport de perméabilité de remblai dans le barrage de stériles et d'eaux de décantation sont étudiés. Les analyses sont conduites en utilisant la modélisation numérique des MELs et la MEF – TRC.Des analyses paramétriques sont effectuées pour identifier les variables aléatoires critiques de chaque parc à résidus miniers. Finalement, pour évaluer, la simulation de Monte Carlo (MCS) et la méthode d'estimation ponctuelle (MEP) sont appliquées pour recalculer les facteurs de stabilité et pour estimer la probabilité de défaillance et les indices de fiabilité qui leur sont associées. Les résultats de chaque analyse sont comparés aux exigences minimales de stabilité des pentes applicables aux opérations minières dans la province de Québec, Canada.Mots-clés: Parcs à résidus miniers (PRMs), coefficient sismique, Technique de Réduction de Cisaillement (TRC), probabilité de défaillance, Méthode d'Estimation Ponctuelle (MEP), indice de fiabilité.
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Lei, Jun. "Static structural system identification using observability method." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/650829.
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During the construction and operation stages of structures, various factors lead to irreversible degradation that could affect the normal use and the public safety of these structures. In recent years, it has been common to carry out condition assessment of structures using Structural System Identification (SSI) methods.
SSI is the application of parameter estimation in structural system. One key issue in SSI is to guarantee the observability of the parameters to be estimated. This was already addressed by the SSI by Observability Method (OM) using static tests. However, a systematic analysis of the effect of measurement and simulation errors for this method is lacking. A ramification of this analysis is the effective strategies to use redundant measurements to tackle measurement errors. Meanwhile, the linearization of unknowns in the SSI by OM might lead to the omission of observable unknowns.
This PhD thesis presents a unified SSI method under the framework of OM for 2D structures modelled by beam elements. The method is based on the information (external loads, measured deflections and rotations) obtained during static tests. This work gathers six methodological contributions conceived to (1) extract as much information as possible from measurements to ensure the observability of target parameters; (2) analyze the effect of measurement errors and simulation errors on the estimation results; (3) propose different strategies to use redundant measurements to improve the estimation accuracy; (4) place the sensors in an optimal configuration to obtain robust estimations for the target parameters.
Firstly, the procedure of the SSI by OM is presented and validated by error-free measurements in a beam-like structure. Then the effects of measurement errors and simulation errors on the accuracy of estimation result is analyzed for the minimum measurement sets that ensure the observability of all parameters. The studied factors include single measurement errors, random measurement errors, error levels and loading cases. The influence of the recursive process of SSI by OM is also discussed. To solve the problem of misjudging the minimum measurement sets caused by the linear assumption in the SSI by OM, the SSI by constrained OM is proposed. The nonlinear constraints are reintroduced by optimizations after the completion of the method when necessary. The method is validated by a simply supported beam and a high-rise frame.
Due to the unsatisfactory SSI results from the SSI by OM using minimum sets, three ways of using redundant measurements are proposed. The SSI by compatible OM reduces the incompatibility due to measurement errors by imposing the compatibility conditions in beam-like structures. In the second method, the theoretical advantage of using rotations in SSI is justified by a statistical analysis using the analytical expression of the target parameters and the inverse distribution theory. Then four strategies to use redundant rotations are proposed and compared. The model averaging method using only rotations is proposed. As the SSI by compatible OM and the model averaging method are subjected to the limit of structure type or measurement type, the SSI by Measurement Error-Minimizing OM (MEMOM) is proposed. In this method, the measurement error terms are separated from the coefficient matrix of the observability equations and the estimations are obtained by minimizing the square sum of the ratios between the error terms and the measurements. The performance of the method is investigated with respect to factors including loading cases, parameterization, measurement types and constraint types. The Optimal Sensor Placement problem for static SSI is addressed in this thesis and is formulated as maximizing the determinant of the Fisher Information Matrix (FIM) using genetic algorithm. Meanwhile, the identifiability of the structural parameters is evaluated according to the diagonal elements of the inversed FIM.Durante las etapas de construcción y operación de las estructuras, varios factores conducen a una degradación irreversible que podría afectar el uso normal y la seguridad pública de estas estructuras. En los últimos años, ha sido común llevar a cabo la evaluación de las condiciones de las estructuras utilizando métodos de Identificación del Sistema Estructural (SSI). SSI es la aplicación de la estimación de parámetros en el sistema estructural. Un aspecto clave en SSI es garantizar la observabilidad de los parámetros a estimar. Esto ya fue abordado por el SSI mediante el Método de Observabilidad (OM) utilizando pruebas estáticas. Sin embargo, falta un análisis sistemático del efecto de los errores de medición y simulación para este método. Una ramificación de este análisis son las estrategias efectivas para usar mediciones redundantes para abordar los errores de medición. Mientras tanto, la linealización de incógnitas en el SSI por OM podría llevar a la omisión de incógnitas observables. Esta tesis doctoral presenta un método SSI unificado en el marco de OM para estructuras 2D modeladas por elementos de haz. El método se basa en la información (cargas externas, deflexiones medidas y rotaciones) obtenida durante las pruebas estáticas. Este trabajo reúne seis contribuciones metodológicas concebidas para (1) extraer tanta información como sea posible de las mediciones para garantizar la observabilidad de los parámetros objetivo; (2) analizar el efecto de errores de medición y errores de simulación en los resultados de la estimación; (3) proponer diferentes estrategias para usar medidas redundantes para mejorar la precisión de la estimación; (4) coloque los sensores en una configuración óptima para obtener estimaciones robustas para los parámetros objetivo. En primer lugar, el procedimiento de SSI por OM se presenta y valida mediante mediciones sin errores en una estructura similar a un haz. A continuación, se analizan los efectos de los errores de medición y simulación sobre la precisión del resultado de la estimación para los conjuntos mínimos de medición que garantizan la observabilidad de todos los parámetros. Los factores estudiados incluyen errores de medición únicos, errores de medición aleatoria, niveles de error y casos de carga. También se discute la influencia del proceso recursivo de SSI por OM. Para resolver el problema de juzgar erróneamente los conjuntos mínimos de medición causados por la suposición lineal en el SSI por OM, se propone el SSI por OM restringido. Las restricciones no lineales son reintroducidas por optimizaciones después de la finalización del método cuando sea necesario. El método es validado por una viga simplemente compatible y un marco de gran altura. Debido a los resultados SSI insatisfactorios del SSI por OM que utilizan conjuntos mínimos, se proponen tres formas de utilizar medidas redundantes. El SSI por OM compatible reduce la incompatibilidad debida a errores de medición al imponer las condiciones de compatibilidad en estructuras similares a vigas. En el segundo método, la ventaja teórica de usar rotaciones en SSI se justifica mediante un análisis estadístico que utiliza la expresión analítica de los parámetros objetivo y la teoría de distribución inversa. Luego, se proponen y se comparan cuatro estrategias para usar rotaciones redundantes. Se propone el método de promediado modelo utilizando solo rotaciones. Como el SSI por el OM compatible y el método de promediado del modelo están sujetos al límite del tipo de estructura o tipo de medida, se propone el SSI mediante OM de minimización de errores de medición (MEMOM). En este método, los términos de error de medición se separan de la matriz de coeficientes de las ecuaciones de observabilidad y las estimaciones se obtienen al minimizar la suma cuadrada de las relaciones entre los términos de error y las mediciones. El rendimiento del método se investiga con respecto a factores que incluyen casos de carga, parametrización, tipos de medición y tipos de restricciones. El problema de la ubicación óptima del sensor para SSI estático se aborda en esta tesis y se formula como la maximización del determinante de la matriz de información de Fisher (FIM) mediante el uso de algoritmo genético. Mientras tanto, la identificabilidad de los parámetros estructurales se evalúa de acuerdo con los elementos diagonales de la FIM inversa.
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Bosman, Petrus. "Static hedging of barrier options : a review of four methods." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/14974.
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Bibliography: leaves 85-87.This paper examines the static hedging of a European up-and-out call option. Four different static hedging models are examined in detail and are implemented. Their hedging performance is examined in a framework that aims to simulate real market conditions. This is done to determine the practical usefulness of the static hedging schemes in comparison with dynamic delta hedging. Only one of the four models, by Derman, Ergener and Kani (1995) seems to show promise when transaction costs and stochastic volatility are taken into account.
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de, Silva Hidda Marakkala Gayan Ruchika. "Analýza síťové bezpečnosti." Doctoral thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta informačních technologií, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-261266.
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Práce představuje model a metody analýzy vlasností komunikace v počítačových sítích. Model dosažitelnosti koncových prvků v IP sítích je vytvořen na základě konfigurace a síťové topologie a umožňuje ukázat, že vabraný koncový uzel je dosažitelný v dané síťové konfiguraci a stavu. Prezentovaná práce se skládá ze dvou částí. První část se věnuje modelování sítí, chování směrovaích protokolů a síťové konfiguraci. V rámci modelu sítě byla vytvořena modifikovaná topologická tabulka (MTT), která slouží pro agregaci síťových stavů určených pro následnou analýzu. Pro analýzu byl použit přístup založený na logickém programování, kdy model sítě je převeden do Datalog popisu a vlastnosti jsou ověřovány kladením dotazů nad logickou databází. Přínosy práce spočívají v definici grafu síťových filtrů, modifikované topologické tabulce, redukce stavového prostoru agrgací síťových stavů, modelů aktivního síťového prvku jako filter-transformace komponenty a metoda pro analýzu dosažitelnosti založena na logickém programování a databázích.
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Turro, Ernest. "Statistcal methods for gene expression analysis using microarray and RNA-Seq data." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.534964.
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Gao, Chunwang. "Statisical method and simulation on detecting cracks in vibrothermography inspection." [Ames, Iowa : Iowa State University], 2010. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3403798.
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Moravská, Veronika. "Stavební průzkum a diagnostika konstrukce." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-240425.
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This thesis deal with survey and diagnostics of industrial building in Chropyne. The theoretical presents to the general issue of building technical surveys, diagnostics reinforced concrete structures and describes methods for diagnosis of reinforced concrete structures. Practical part deals with building survey and diagnostics of the object including static assessment.
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Kopec, Jan. "Diagnostika při hodnocení stavebně statického stavu existující konstrukce." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2020. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-409956.
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This work deals in the theoretical part in its theoretical part with a summary and detailed description of selected diagnostic methods that were applied to selected structural parts of an existing bridge structure within the practical part. The thesis also deals with the basic terminology and terminology in the field of bridge construction, subsequently, in its practical part deals in terms of diagnostics, the implementation of structural and static survey and subsequent evaluation of the current structural, technical and static state on selected structural units of existing reinforced concrete bridge structures
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Svoboda, Filip. "Metody analýzy statické stability." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-265443.
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The aim of this theses is to create application, which is able to calculate buckling load of structure made from 1D bar elements, using finite element method. introduction is devoted to basic principles of buckling and derivation of necessary formulas. Then are described all operations and numerical methods needed for the application. At the and is in detail analyzed few structures and results are compared with known solutions or with other applications.
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Alton, Ken. "Dijkstra-like ordered upwind methods for solving static Hamilton-Jacobi equations." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/25030.
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The solution of a static Hamilton-Jacobi Partial Differential Equation (HJ PDE) can be used to determine the change of shape in a surface for etching/deposition/lithography applications, to provide the first-arrival time of a wavefront emanating from a source for seismic applications, or to compute the minimal-time trajectory of a robot trying to reach a goal. HJ PDEs are nonlinear so theory and methods for solving linear PDEs do not directly apply. An efficient way to approximate the solution is to emulate the causal property of this class of HJ PDE: the solution at a particular
point only depends on values backwards along the characteristic that passes through that point and solution values always increase along characteristics. In our discretization of the HJ PDE we enforce an analogous causal property, that the solution value at a grid node may only depend on the values of nodes in its numerical stencil which are smaller. This causal property is related but not the same thing as an upwinding property of schemes for time dependent problems. The solution to such a discretized system of equations can be efficiently computed using a Dijkstra-like method in a single pass through the grid nodes in order of nondecreasing value. We develop two Dijkstra-like methods for solving two subclasses of static HJ PDEs. The first method is an extension of the Fast Marching Method for isotropic Eikonal equations and it can be used to solve a class of axis-aligned anisotropic HJ PDEs on an orthogonal grid. The second method solves general convex static HJ PDEs on simplicial grids by computing stencils for a causal discretization in an initial pass through the grid nodes, and then solving the discretization in a second Dijkstra-like pass through the nodes. This method is suitable for computing solutions on highly nonuniform grids, which may be useful for extending it to an error-control method based on adaptive grid refinement.
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Wu, Hongyu. "Parallel methods for static and dynamic simulation of flexible pavement systems /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/10158.
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Ricciardi, Anthony Pasquale. "Utility of Quasi-Static Gust Loads Certification Methods for Novel Configurations." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/35359.
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Aeroelastic gust and maneuver loads have driven the sizing of primary aircraft structures since the beginning of aviation. Methodologies for determining the gust loads on aircraft have evolved over the last 100 years. There are three general approaches to gust loads analysis: quasi-static, transient, and continuous methods. Quasi-static analysis offers the greatest computational efficiency. A quasi-static formulation referred to as Pratt's Method is the current practice for FAR Part 23 certification requirements. Assumptions made in the derivation of Pratt's Method are acceptable for many conventional aircraft, but additional fidelity from transient and continuous analysis are required to certify FAR Part 25 aircraft.
This work provides an assessment of the usability of Pratt's Method for unconventional high altitude long endurance (HALE) aircraft. Derivation Pratt's Method is reviewed and all assumptions are identified. Error of a key curve fit equation is quantified directly. Application dependent errors are quantified by comparing loads calculated using Pratt's Method to loads calculated from transient analysis. To facilitate this effort, a state of the art nonlinear aeroelastic code has been modified to more accurately capture the transient gust response.
Application dependent errors are presented in the context of a SensorCraft inspired joined-wing HALE model, and a Helios inspired flying wing HALE model. Recommendations are made on the usability of Pratt's Method for aircraft similar to the two HALE models. It is concluded that Pratt's Method is useful for preliminary design of the joined-wing HALE model, but inadequate for the analysis of the flying wing model. Additional recommendations are made corresponding to subtleties in the implementation of Pratt's Method for unconventional configurations.Master of Science
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Marková, Lucie. "Hodnocení investičního projektu fotovoltaické elektrárny." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-73961.
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This thesis is divided into three chapters. The first chapter defines the objective of the work. The second section summarizes the theoretical and methodological part. Theoretical and methodological part deals with analysis of the area, preparation and implementation of the project, methods of evaluating investment and defines a project risk. The third part is the part of the application. It is about putting theoretical knowledge into practise. The third chapter contains an analysis of the area, description of the company, economic valuation and asessment of investment risk.
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Valentová, Renata. "Zjišťování dynamických modulů cihelného střepu." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-225668.
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This master’s thesis deals with the determination of dynamic modulus of elasticity non-destructive methods of brick body. The test samples were laboratory-made from two types of brick earth and further were used cotouts from the full brick types clinker. For measuring were used ultrasonic impulse and resonant-impact method.
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Falzon, Christopher. "Pattern solver for the static and dynamic analysis of frameworkmodels." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1985. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31206864.
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Žák, Jozef. "Testování globálního transformačního klíče v okolí Olomouce." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-390228.
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This thesis deals with the verification of global transformation key on densification points around Olomouc by selected GNSS methods. The work will be described in GNSS technology, its distribution, measurement methods and services. As part of this work is a description of networks of permanent reference stations. Next, become familiar with the creation of local transformation key to what is used and what is its significance. The measurement was carried out at points densification, described in a separate section. In this thesis is describes surveying methods and principles, the methods of measurement GNSS, equipment, as well as any specific regarding this issue. The result is a clear set of tables with measured values of GNSS equipment and coordinates ZhB, accuracy of the method used (standard deviations), graphical reporting, and comparing the results of the global and local transformation key.
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Očenáš, Marek. "Plánování optimální trajektorie letadla s překážkami." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta informačních technologií, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-236220.
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The aim of this master's thesis is the implementation of optimal trajectory planning for an airplane flying in lower altitudes, which has to avoid collision with obstacles. For the planning we assume static and fully known environment. There are described principals, optimality and complexity for some chosen methods of planning in this thesis. And based on the methods' characteristics it's chosen the best method for implementation.
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Berti, Alessandro <1986>. "Kinematics and statics of cable-driven parallel robots by interval-analysis-based methods." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2015. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/7151/.
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In the past two decades the work of a growing portion of researchers in robotics focused on a particular group of machines, belonging to the family of parallel manipulators: the cable robots. Although these robots share several theoretical elements with the better known parallel robots, they still present completely (or partly) unsolved issues. In particular, the study of their kinematic, already a difficult subject for conventional parallel manipulators, is further complicated by the non-linear nature of cables, which can exert only efforts of pure traction. The work presented in this thesis therefore focuses on the study of the kinematics of these robots and on the development of numerical techniques able to address some of the problems related to it. Most of the work is focused on the development of an interval-analysis based procedure for the solution of the direct geometric problem of a generic cable manipulator. This technique, as well as allowing for a rapid solution of the problem, also guarantees the results obtained against rounding and elimination errors and can take into account any uncertainties in the model of the problem. The developed code has been tested with the help of a small manipulator whose realization is described in this dissertation together with the auxiliary work done during its design and simulation phases.Negli ultimi decenni il lavoro di una parte sempre maggiore di ricercatori che si occupano di robotica si è concentrato su un particolare gruppo di robot appartenenti alla famiglia dei manipolatori paralleli: i robot a cavi. Nonostante i numerosi studi al riguardo, questi robot presentano ancora oggi numerose problematiche del tutto (o in parte) irrisolte. Lo studio della loro cinematica nello specifico, già complesso per i manipolatori paralleli tradizionali, è ulteriormente complicato dalla natura non lineare dei cavi, i quali possono esercitare sforzi di sola trazione. Il lavoro presentato in questa tesi si concentra dunque sullo studio della cinematica dei robot a cavi e sulla messa a punto di tecniche numeriche in grado di affrontare parte delle problematiche ad essa legate. La maggior parte del lavoro è incentrata sullo sviluppo di una procedura per la soluzione del problema geometrico diretto di un generico manipolatore a cavi basata sull'analisi per intervalli. Questa tecnica di analisi numeirica, oltre a consentire una rapida soluzione del problema, permette di garantire i risultati ottenuti in caso di errori di cancellazione e arrotondamento e consente di considerare eventuali incertezze presenti nel modello del problema. Il codice sviluppato è stato testato attraverso un piccolo prototipo di manipolatore a cavi la cui realizzazione, avvenuta durante il percorso di dottrato, è descritta all'interno dell'elaborato unitamente al lavoro collaterale svolto durante la fase di progettazione e simulazione.
Pendant les dernières décennies, le travail d'une partie toujours croissante de chercheurs qui s'occupent de robotique s'est focalisé sur un groupe spécifique de robots qui fait partie de la famille des manipulateurs parallèles: les robots à câbles. Malgré les nombreux études que l'on a consacré à ce sujet, ces robots présentent encore aujourd'hui plusieurs problématiques complètement ou partiellement irrésolues. En particulier l'étude de leur cinématique, qui se révèle déjà complexe pour les manipulateurs parallèles traditionnels, est rendu encore plus compliqué par la nature non linéaire des câbles qui peuvent seulement exercer des efforts de traction. Le travail présenté dans ma thèse concentre donc son attention sur l'étude de la cinématique des robots à câbles et sur la mise au point de techniques numériques capables d'aborder une partie des problématiques liées à cela. La plupart du travail se concentre sur l'élaboration d'un algorithme pour la résolution du problème géométrique direct d'un manipulateur à câbles général qui se fonde sur l'analyse par intervalles. Cette technique d'analyse permet non seulement de résoudre rapidement le problème mais également de garantir les résultats obtenus en cas d'erreur de cancellation et d'arrondi et de prendre en considération les incertitudes éventuellement presentes dans le modèle du problème. Le code développé a été testé grâce à un petit prototype de manipulateur à câbles dont la réalisation, qui a eu lieu pendant le parcours de doctorat, est décrite à l'intérieur du devoir en accord avec la phase de conception du projet et de simulation.
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Alberini, Federico. "Blending of non-Newtonian fluids in static mixers : assessment via optical methods." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2014. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/4868/.
Full textAbstract:
The performance of KM static mixers has been assessed for the blending of Newtonian and time-independent non-Newtonian fluids using planar laser induced fluorescence (PLIF). A stream of dye is injected at the mixer inlet and the distribution of dye at the mixer outlet is analyzed from images obtained across the pipe cross section. The effect of superficial velocity, scale of static mixer, flow ratio between a primary and a secondary injected flow and finally the injection position, are investigated to determine the consequences on mixing performance. Different methods are discussed to characterize mixing performance, comparing CoV and maximum striation thickness. Conflicting trends are revealed in some experiments results, leading to the development of an areal based distribution of mixing intensity and a distribution of striation with high mixing intensity. For two-fluids blending, the addition of a high viscosity stream into the lower viscosity main flow causes very poor mixing performance, with unmixed spots of more viscous component observable in the PLIF image. The final part of the work is focused on a preliminary understanding of advective mechanisms such as shearing of non-Newtonian fluid drops and stretching of a non- Newtonian fluid filaments.
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Perez, Cervantes Marco Polo. "Static methods to check low-level code for a graph reduction machine." Thesis, University of York, 2013. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/6248/.
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This thesis is about checking code for a graph-reduction machine computing by template instantiation. An equation-based static checking method for low-level code is proposed in this thesis. The checking can be performed without requiring any extra code annotations. Most ill-behaved programs can be rejected and most well-behaved programs can be accepted. The template code has no explicit information about data types but the static checker works by inferring low-level recursive types. We show compatibility between high-level and low-level type systems. We evaluate empirically the eff�ectiveness of checking to prevent failures. We investigate the low-level implementation of the static checker and how it can be made efficient.
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Pospíšilík, Oldřich. "Standardy a kódování zdrojového kódu PHP." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta informačních technologií, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-237471.
Full textAbstract:
This master's thesis deals with the methodology of writing the source code and their impact on the effectiveness of programming. Furthermore, the possibility of error detection patterns in the source code of PHP. Specifically, it addressed the possibility of integration tools for static analysis of the working group. The working group was elected by supervisor Ing. Michael Jurosz, which is in charge of the development and expansion of the Internet Information System Technical University of Brno. The works are given the best tools for static analysis of the PHP language. After evaluation and subsequent selection of tools and the procedure is further analysis and informal specifications tools. The following is a detailed proposal, a description of the implementation and integration .. In conclusion, we find an assessment of the whole of this work, added value for working team and the continuation of development tool.
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Johnson, Amos Y. Jr. "A method for human identification using static, activity-specific parameters." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/15793.
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Gehin, Jess C. (Jess Charles). "A quasi-static polynomial nodal method for nuclear reactor analysis." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/17309.
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Husáriková, Natália. "Statická analýza textilních konstrukcí." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-265319.
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This work deals with the design and calculation of membrane structure for shelter placed above selected ground plan. The hyperbolic paraboloid was chosen as most optimal shape. Subsequently, three different sub-studies were conducted. In the first study, influence of mesh density on a finite element calculation model was studied. Second study deal with the effect of the geometry changes of the computational model. In the third study, deformations and tensions of membrane structure in relation to material formation calculation model was studied. For the static solution of those selected variant, structural analysis software RFEM and RF-FORM-FINDING add-on module was used. Geometric nonlinear solution was applied in the calculation.
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Vojtek, Jiří. "Statická analýza ocelových spojů." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-240122.
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Elaboration of design principles of steel joints. Creation of the finite element model in ANSYS program, the study of static behaviour near the bolt hole, deformation of the screw and the stress components of the welded joint. Comparison with the analytical formulas.
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Rahman, Abdul Ghaffar Abdul. "An investigation of the regular indirect boundary element method." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.320149.
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Zhang, Hao. "Nondeterministic Linear Static Finite Element Analysis: An Interval Approach." Diss., Available online, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2005, 2005. http://etd.gatech.edu/theses/available/etd-08232005-020145/.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2006.White, Donald, Committee Member ; Will, Kenneth, Committee Member ; Zureick, Abdul Hamid, Committee Member ; Hodges, Dewey, Committee Member ; Muhanna, Rafi, Committee Chair ; Haj-Ali, Rami, Committee Member.
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Ramli, Khairun N. "Modelling and analysis of complex electromagnetic problems using FDTD subgridding in hybrid computational methods. Development of hybridised Method of Moments, Finite-Difference Time-Domain method and subgridded Finite-Difference Time-Domain method for precise computation of electromagnetic interaction with arbitrarily complex geometries." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/5443.
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The main objective of this research is to model and analyse complex electromagnetic problems
by means of a new hybridised computational technique combining the frequency domain
Method of Moments (MoM), Finite-Difference Time-Domain (FDTD) method and a subgridded
Finite-Difference Time-Domain (SGFDTD) method. This facilitates a significant advance in the
ability to predict electromagnetic absorption in inhomogeneous, anisotropic and lossy dielectric
materials irradiated by geometrically intricate sources. The Method of Moments modelling
employed a two-dimensional electric surface patch integral formulation solved by independent
linear basis function methods in the circumferential and axial directions of the antenna wires. A
similar orthogonal basis function is used on the end surface and appropriate attachments with
the wire surface are employed to satisfy the requirements of current continuity. The surface
current distributions on structures which may include closely spaced parallel wires, such as
dipoles, loops and helical antennas are computed. The results are found to be stable and showed
good agreement with less comprehensive earlier work by others.
The work also investigated the interaction between overhead high voltage transmission lines and
underground utility pipelines using the FDTD technique for the whole structure, combined with
a subgridding method at points of interest, particularly the pipeline. The induced fields above
the pipeline are investigated and analysed.
FDTD is based on the solution of Maxwell¿s equations in differential form. It is very useful for
modelling complex, inhomogeneous structures. Problems arise when open-region geometries
are modelled. However, the Perfectly Matched Layer (PML) concept has been employed to
circumvent this difficulty. The establishment of edge elements has greatly improved the
performance of this method and the computational burden due to huge numbers of time steps, in
the order of tens of millions, has been eased to tens of thousands by employing quasi-static
methods.
This thesis also illustrates the principle of the equivalent surface boundary employed close to
the antenna for MoM-FDTD-SGFDTD hybridisation. It depicts the advantage of using hybrid
techniques due to their ability to analyse a system of multiple discrete regions by employing the
principle of equivalent sources to excite the coupling surfaces. The method has been applied for
modelling human body interaction with a short range RFID antenna to investigate and analyse
the near field and far field radiation pattern for which the cumulative distribution function of
antenna radiation efficiency is presented. The field distributions of the simulated structures
show reasonable and stable results at 900 MHz. This method facilitates deeper investigation of
the phenomena in the interaction between electromagnetic fields and human tissues.Ministry of Higher Education Malaysia and Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia (UTHM)
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Ramli, Khairun Nidzam. "Modelling and analysis of complex electromagnetic problems using FDTD subgridding in hybrid computational methods : development of hybridised Method of Moments, Finite-Difference Time-Domain method and subgridded Finite-Difference Time-Domain method for precise computation of electromagnetic interaction with arbitrarily complex geometries." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/5443.
Full textAbstract:
The main objective of this research is to model and analyse complex electromagnetic problems by means of a new hybridised computational technique combining the frequency domain Method of Moments (MoM), Finite-Difference Time-Domain (FDTD) method and a subgridded Finite-Difference Time-Domain (SGFDTD) method. This facilitates a significant advance in the ability to predict electromagnetic absorption in inhomogeneous, anisotropic and lossy dielectric materials irradiated by geometrically intricate sources. The Method of Moments modelling employed a two-dimensional electric surface patch integral formulation solved by independent linear basis function methods in the circumferential and axial directions of the antenna wires. A similar orthogonal basis function is used on the end surface and appropriate attachments with the wire surface are employed to satisfy the requirements of current continuity. The surface current distributions on structures which may include closely spaced parallel wires, such as dipoles, loops and helical antennas are computed. The results are found to be stable and showed good agreement with less comprehensive earlier work by others. The work also investigated the interaction between overhead high voltage transmission lines and underground utility pipelines using the FDTD technique for the whole structure, combined with a subgridding method at points of interest, particularly the pipeline. The induced fields above the pipeline are investigated and analysed. FDTD is based on the solution of Maxwell's equations in differential form. It is very useful for modelling complex, inhomogeneous structures. Problems arise when open-region geometries are modelled. However, the Perfectly Matched Layer (PML) concept has been employed to circumvent this difficulty. The establishment of edge elements has greatly improved the performance of this method and the computational burden due to huge numbers of time steps, in the order of tens of millions, has been eased to tens of thousands by employing quasi-static methods. This thesis also illustrates the principle of the equivalent surface boundary employed close to the antenna for MoM-FDTD-SGFDTD hybridisation. It depicts the advantage of using hybrid techniques due to their ability to analyse a system of multiple discrete regions by employing the principle of equivalent sources to excite the coupling surfaces. The method has been applied for modelling human body interaction with a short range RFID antenna to investigate and analyse the near field and far field radiation pattern for which the cumulative distribution function of antenna radiation efficiency is presented. The field distributions of the simulated structures show reasonable and stable results at 900 MHz. This method facilitates deeper investigation of the phenomena in the interaction between electromagnetic fields and human tissues.
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Bahra, Amar Singh. "Newton's method in static force inference from redundant space frame dynamics." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2006. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1445302/.
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This thesis is concerned with inferring static, self-equilibrating, axial forces in redundant space frames from knowledge of their natural frequencies and associated mode shapes. Accordingly, it is necessary to have a mathemati cal description of the physical frame in an eigenproblem parameterised with variables accounting for load. Newton's method provides an iterative means of minimising the difference between the eigenvalues and eigenvectors and the measured frequencies and mode shapes they respectively represent forces are thus inferred from the converged eigenproblem. Rather than updating all member forces, models are formulated on force distributions and scalars re lating to the extent of loading form the updating parameters. Enforcing such equilibrium constraints beneficially minimises the order of Newton's method. For multiply redundant frames, it is necessary to formulate the model on a number of force distributions and any state of equilibrium can be described by their linear superposition. The ways in which load affects the dynamic characteristics are investigated thoroughly. Frequencies are shown to coa lesce and exchange places in the spectrum, leading to non-smooth functions since the eigenvalues are numerically ordered. Mode tracing strategies, which utilise eigenvector consistency across coalescence points to conserve function smoothness, are investigated. This consistency, however, is observed to dete riorate if the eigenvalues exhibit veering. Measures facilitating mode tracing when consistency is deficient are explored. Special treatment is required at eigenvalue degeneracy in order to observe eigenpair differentiability, which is necessary for Newton's method. Numerical simulations demonstrate success of force identification in a variety of contexts. Newton's method is effectively applied to identify load in actual, physical frames with single and multiple force distributions. Offset and length parameters supplement load to sta bilise and improve the accuracy of solution. For complicated frames, it is shown that starting iteration in the eigenvector, as well as eigenvalue, neigh bourhood is crucial for convergence to result.
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Pradelle, Benoît. "Static and dynamic methods of polyhedral compilation for an efficient execution in multicore environments." Strasbourg, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011STRA6213.
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Depuis plusieurs années, le nombre de cœurs de calcul dans les processeurs ne cesse d'augmenter à chaque nouvelle génération. Les processeurs multi-cœurs sont maintenant très fréquents mais le développement de logiciels séquentiels reste une pratique très courante. Pour pallier à ce problème, des outils de parallélisation automatique ont été proposés mais ils ne sont pas encore prêts pour une utilisation à grande échelle. Nous proposons d'étendre les outils existants dans trois directions différentes. Premièrement, on peut remarquer que le code source de certains programmes n'est pas disponible. Nous proposons donc un système de parallélisation statique de code binaire qui permet de paralléliser un application séquentielle déjà compilée. Ensuite, on peut s'apercevoir que la performance d'un programme dépend du contexte d'exécution dans lequel il s'exécute. Nous présentons donc un système qui permet de sélectionner une version d'un programme parmi plusieurs afin d'exploiter au mieux les particularités du contexte d'exécution courant. Enfin, étant donné que certains programmes sont difficiles à analyser statiquement, nous proposons un système de parallélisation spéculative permettant d'appliquer dynamiquement des transformations de code complexes sur ces programmes. Ces trois systèmes utilisent le modèles polyédrique comme une boîte à outil permettant d'analyser, de transformer ou de paralléliser les programmes. En travaillant à différentes phases de la vie des programmes, ils forment une approche globale qui étend les techniques de parallélisation existantesThe recent spreading of multicore processors has put an extreme pressure towards parallelism extraction from software. Although important progresses have been made, automatic parallelization technologies are not yet fully operational for large-scale deployment and still fail to handle programs for many different reasons. We propose to extend the existing tools and techniques in three different directions. First, the existing programs have to be parallelizable, even if the source code is unreachable. For that purpose, we present a system able to parallelize sequential binary programs. Second, the parallelism extraction has to take into account the current external environment to reach the maximal performance. Thus, we present a version selection system which can exploit the specificities of different execution contexts to accelerate programs. Third, the parallelization can be complex or impossible to perform using only static tools. Thus, we propose a speculative parallelization system to transform and parallelize programs which are hard to analyze statically. All those three systems use the polyhedral model as a toolbox to analyze, transform, or parallelize programs. Working at different stages, from compile time to execution time, they form a global approach to extend the existing parallelization techniques
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Tsiligiannis, Georgios. "Soft Errors in Memory Devices : Novel Methods and Practices for Dynamic and Static Testing." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014MON20241.
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La plupart des environnements naturels et artificiels présentent du rayonnement ionisant (RI) interagissant avec l'électronique. Les effets du RI sont étudies depuis longtemps surtout pour des applications de critiques et de sécurité dans le domaine de l'espace, nucléaire, militaire et médical. L'étude des effets de rayonnement sur les appareils électroniques est complexe et demande la combinaison d'une connaissance pluridisciplinaire allant de la physique nucléaire à l'architecture à haut niveau, l'électronique et la science de matériaux. La réduction de la taille des transistors et l'augmentation simultanée de la complexité des systèmes contribuent à rendre plus critiques les problématiques. En occupant la plus grande surface de systèmes sur puce, les mémoires électroniques représentent la source principale des fautes induits par la radiation. Par conséquent, la compréhension des effets du rayonnement ionisant sur les mémoires et leur atténuation sont essentielles. Ces travaux de thèse introduisent des nouvelles méthodes de test à niveau de simulation et expérimental. En particulier, à niveau de simulation, est proposée une méthodologie pour l'estimation du taux de soft erreurs (SER) des circuits électroniques. Cette méthode prend en compte les variations environnementales et paramétriques des circuits pendant leur exposition au rayonnement ionisant. La méthode est évaluée à travers le cas d'étude représentée par une cellule SRAM de technologie 40nm interagissant avec des neutrons atmosphériques. Au niveau expérimental, des nouvelles méthodes pour le test sous accélérateur de SRAMs sont présentées, tout en mettant l'accent sur les défaillances que le test dynamique peut révéler. Les méthodes proposées s'appuient sur les algorithmes de type March et des séquences d'adressage spécifique des mémoires. Le choix des méthodes des tests dynamiques plutôt que des tests statiques est justifié par leur capacité de sensibiliser les effets électriques et du fait qu'ils sont très représentatifs du comportement réel des mémoires de vrais systèmes électroniques. Dans ces études, sont analyses en détail des évènements de large échelle qui apparaissent pendant les tests en accélérateurs et qui menaient à des MCUs (Multiple Cell Upsets), des effets singuliers permanent SEL (Single Event Latchups) et des effets singuliers de type SEFI (Single Event Functional Interrupt). Les protons à basses menaçant les technologies le plus récentes, donc, ici, leur contribution aux effets singuliers est aussi étudiée toujours en appliquant les nouvelles méthodes des tests proposés. Avec l'expérience acquise pendant les tests accélérés, un capteur des Hadrons à Haute Energie a été proposé et par la suite testé sur le faisceau de la structure H4IRRAD du CERN. La fonction principale de ce moniteur est basée sur l'extraction de la fluence des hadrons en tant qu'une fonction des effets singuliers SEU enregistrés. En outre, sont également présentés les résultats d'un test en temps réel fait à la station Concordia en Antarctique. Dans ce cas, l'instrument de détection était une version modifié du précédent capteur. Les résultats récoltés ont démontré que cet instrument de détection peut être utilisé dans des environnements et des conditions de rayonnement diverses. Enfin, des technologies de mémoire émergeantes ont été évaluées par rapport à leur réponse au rayonnement ionisantMost of the known natural and artificial environments present ionizing radiation interacting with electronics. The effects of ionizing radiation have been a concern for many years especially for safety and critical applications such as space, nuclear, avionics, military and medical. The study of radiation effects on electronic devices is complex and requires the combination of multidisciplinary knowledge from nuclear physics to high-level system design, electronics and science of materials. The downscaling of the transistor size and the concurrent increase of systems' complexity contributes to worsen this problematic.By occupying the largest area of Systems on Chip, electronic memories represent the biggest source of radiation induced failures. Consequently, the understanding of ionizing radiation effects on memory devices and their mitigation is crucial. This thesis introduces novel test methods for both the simulation and the experimental level. More specifically, at the simulation level a framework is proposed for the estimation of the Soft Error Rate of electronic devices. This framework considers environmental and parametric variations of the device, while subjected to ionizing radiation. The framework is evaluated by considering the case study of a 40nm SRAM cell interacting with atmospheric neutrons. At the experimental level, novel methods for the accelerated testing of SRAM devices are presented, emphasizing to the failures that dynamic mode testing is able to reveal. These proposed methods are based on March algorithms in combination with specific addressing schemes for the memories.The choice to focus on dynamic testing methods is justified by their capability to sensitize electric effects that static mode testing is not able to do, and because they are highly representative of the realistic behavior of memories in actual electronic systems. Large scale events occurring during accelerated testing as a result of Multiple Cell Upsets, Single Event Latchups and Single Event Functional Interrupts are thoroughly analyzed. With low energy protons posing a threat for latest technologies, their contribution to Soft Errors is also studied by applying the proposed testing methods. Using the experience acquired from accelerated testing, a monitor for the sensing of the High Energy Hadrons was proposed and next tested at H4IRRAD beam line (CERN). The main functionality of this monitor is based on the extraction of the hadrons fluence as a function of the recorded Single Event Upsets. Furthermore, the results from a real-time test at the Concordia station in Antarctica are also presented. This time the sensing instrument was a customized version of the previous monitor and the retrieved results proved the usability of the instrument under different radiation environments and conditions. Finally emerging memory technologies are assessed for their response under ionizing radiation
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Chalupová, Martina. "Statické posouzení vybraných částí ŽB objektu." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-412921.
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The aim of the diploma thesis is to design, structural check of rainforced elements. The slab, column, wall and staircase is desinged. The internal forces are obtained from Finite Element Method and are checked with the supplementary frame method. The design of elements is based on internal forces form FInite Element Method. Service limite state is check for the slab. All calculations were performed in accordance with valid standard.
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Arora, Rajat. "Enhancing SAT-based Formal Verification Methods using Global Learning." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/32987.
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With the advances in VLSI and System-On-Chip (SOC) technology, the complexity of hardware systems has increased manifold. Today, 70% of the design cost is spent in verifying these intricate systems. The two most widely used formal methods for design verification are Equivalence Checking and Model Checking. Equivalence Checking requires that the implementation circuit should be exactly equivalent to the specification circuit (golden model). In other words, for each possible input pattern, the implementation circuit should yield the same outputs as the specification circuit. Model checking, on the other hand, checks to see if the design holds certain properties, which in turn are indispensable for the proper functionality of the design. Complexities in both Equivalence Checking and Model Checking are exponential to the circuit size.
In this thesis, we firstly propose a novel technique to improve SAT-based Combinational Equivalence Checking (CEC) and Bounded Model Checking (BMC). The idea is to perform a low-cost preprocessing that will statically induce global signal relationships into the original CNF formula of the circuit under verification and hence reduce the complexity of the SAT instance. This efficient and effective preprocessing quickly builds up the implication graph for the circuit under verification, yielding a large set of logic implications composed of direct, indirect and extended backward implications. These two-node implications (spanning time-frame boundaries) are converted into two-literal clauses, and added to the original CNF database. The added clauses constrain the search space of the SAT-solver engine, and provide correlation among the different variables, which enhances the Boolean Constraint Propagation (BCP). Experimental results on large and difficult ISCAS'85, ISCAS'89 (full scan) and ITC'99 (full scan) CEC instances and ISCAS'89 BMC instances show that our approach is independent of the state-of-the-art SAT-solver used, and that the added clauses help to achieve more than an order of magnitude speedup over the conventional approach. Also, comparison with Hyper-Resolution [Bacchus 03] suggests that our technique is much more powerful, yielding non-trivial clauses that significantly simplify the SAT instance complexity.
Secondly, we propose a novel global learning technique that helps to identify highly non-trivial relationships among signals in the circuit netlist, thereby boosting the power of the existing implication engine. We call this new class of implications as 'extended forward implications', and show its effectiveness through additional untestable faults they help to identify.
Thirdly, we propose a suite of lemmas and theorems to formalize global learning. We show through implementation that these theorems help to significantly simplify a generic CNF formula (from Formal Verification, Artificial Intelligence etc.) by identifying the necessary assignments, equivalent signals, complementary signals and other non-trivial implication relationships among its variables. We further illustrate through experimental results that the CNF formula simplification obtained using our tool outshines the simplification obtained using other preprocessors.Master of Science
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Mesquine, Abdellah. "Fibre Network Generation andAnalysis : Method for simulation of inhomogeneous static fibre networks." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för informationsteknologi, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-175084.
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In paper optics, advanced modeling of the interaction of light with complex structuresare required for optimization of the optical properties of paper. Monte Carlosimulation routines have been developed in an Open Source project, PaperOpt, inorder to simulate light scattering in paper. The goal of the project is to make the toolmore modular and extensible so that researchers within the paper optics field canmake their own contributions to the model. This thesis is a part of Open PaperOptproject and its goal is to generate paper structures that resemble real paper sheets.This Master’s thesis describes the design and implementation of a model forgeneration of virtual fiber networks with controlled fiber distribution within the papersheet. A C++ written program that generates a fiber network according to a fibermass distribution table has been developed. A qualitative and quantitative comparisonbetween simulated paper structures and real paper obtained from beta-scanmeasurements is also described.
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SAKAI, Masahiko, and Keiichirou KUSAKARI. "Static Dependency Pair Method for Simply-Typed Term Rewriting and Related Technique." Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/14975.
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Razzaq, Raja Javed. "Nonlinear static and dynamic analysis of composite layered plates and shells using finite strip methods." Thesis, Cranfield University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1826/4049.
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In this thesis, a new concept of finite strip elements is introduced.
Lagrangian, Hermitian and spline-type interpolations have been
used independently along the two axes of the plate mid-plane.
Different plate-bending theories; Mindlin, Reissner and Kirchhoff
theories have been applied in the derivations of the new finitestrip
elements, for isotropic and composite materials. The new
elements have also been extended to work as faceted shell
elements for the analysis of cylindrical shells, folded plates and
stiffened plates.
An efficient modular programming package based on those
elements was designed, and it is capable of performing linear and
non-linear stress analysis, buckling analysis and natural frequency
analysis. The modular package, which was coded in FORTRAN
has different solvers and a built-in mesh generator for different
types of plate structures.
A number of case studies have been employed for the validation
of the package and testing its different capabilities. The package
has proved to be an efficient tool for numerical modelling of
plates, cylindrical shells, folded plates and stiffened plates made
of isotropic and composite layered materials.
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Campbell, Regan H. "Comparing attention theories utilizing static and dynamic function allocation methods operationalized with an expert system." Diss., Available online, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2004:, 2003. http://etd.gatech.edu/theses/available/etd-04082004-180056/unrestricted/campbell%5Fregan%5Fh%5F200312%5Fphd.pdf.
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Baylis, Charles Passant II. "Improved Current-Voltage Methods for RF Transistor Characterization." Scholar Commons, 2004. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/950.
Full textAbstract:
In the development of a nonlinear transistor model, several measurements are used to extract equivalent circuit parameters. The current-voltage (IV) characteristic of a transistor is one of the measurement data sets that allows the nonlinear model parameters to be extracted. The accuracy of the IV measurement greatly influences the accuracy of the large-signal model.
Numerous works have reported the inadequacy of traditional static DC IV measurements to accurately predict radio-frequency (RF) behavior for many devices. This inaccuracy results from slow processes in the device that do not have time to completely respond to the quick changes in terminal conditions when the device is operating at high frequencies; however, these slow processes respond fully to reach a new steady-state condition in the DC sweep measurement. The two dominant processes are self-heating of the device and changes in trap occupancy. One method of allowing the thermal and trap conditions to remain in a state comparable to that of RF operation is to perform pulsed IV measurements to obtain the IV curves. In addition, thermal correction can be used to adjust the IV curves to compensate for self-heating in the case that the predominant effect in the device is thermal.
To gain a better understanding of pulsed IV measurement techniques, measurement waveforms of a commercially available pulsed IV analyzer are examined in the time domain. In addition, the use of bias tees with pulsed IV measurement is explored; such a setup may be desired to maintain stability or to enable simultaneous pulsed S-parameter and pulsed IV measurement. In measurements with bias tees, the pulse length setting must be long enough to allow the voltage across the inductor to change before the measurement is made.
In many circumstances, it is beneficial to compare different sets of IV curves for a device. The comparison of pulsed and static IV measurements, measured and modeled IV measurements, as well as two measurements with identical settings on the same instrument (to ascertain instrument repeatability) can be performed using the proposed normalized difference unit (NDU). This unit provides a comparison that equally weights the two sets of data to be compared. Due to the normalization factor used, the value of the NDU is independent of the size of the device for which the IV curves are compared. The variety of comparisons for which this unit can be used and its ability to present differences quantitatively allow it to be used as a robust metric for comparing IV curves. Examples of the use of the NDU shown include determination of measurement repeatability, comparison of pulsed and static IV data, and a comparison of model fits.
The NDU can also be used to isolate thermal and trapping processes and to give the maximum pulse length that can be used for pulsed IV measurement without contamination by each of these processes. Plotting the NDU comparing static and pulsed IV data versus pulse length shows this maximum pulse length that can be used for each effect, while a plot of the NDU comparing pulsed IV data for two quiescent bias points of equal power dissipation reveals only differences due to trapping effects. In this way, trapping effects can be distinguished from thermal effects.
Electrothermal modeling has arisen as a method of correcting for self-heating processes in a device with predominantly thermal effects. A parallel RC circuit is used to model channel temperature as a function of ambient temperature and power dissipated in the channel or junction. A technique is proposed for thermal resistance measurement and compared with a technique found in the literature. It is demonstrated that the thermal time constant can be measured from a plot of the NDU versus pulse length, and the thermal capacitance is then obtained using the thermal resistance and time constant.
Finally, the results obtained through the thermal resistance measurement procedures are used to thermally correct static IV curves. Because trapping effects are negligible, it is shown that IV curves corresponding to different quiescent bias points for a Si LDMOSFET can be synthesized from three sets of static IV data taken at different ambient temperatures. The results obtained from this correction process for two quiescent bias points are compared to the pulsed IV results for these quiescent bias points and found to be quite accurate.
Use of the methods presented in this work for obtaining more accurate transistor IV data data should assist in allowing more accurate nonlinear models to be obtained.
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El-Khawanky, T. M. A. "The seismic analysis of statically designed tall reinforced concrete buildings using the finite element method." Thesis, University of Salford, 2003. http://usir.salford.ac.uk/2100/.
Full textAbstract:
Earthquakes present one of the most devastating hazards on the planet. They threaten the safety of civilians in seismically active regions, and are of extreme concern in applications that demand a high level of safety, i. e. the nuclear industry. However in nearly all cases, the fatalities that occur are as a result of the collapse of man-made structures. Hence the problems facing Civil Engineers who are concerned with seismic mitigation is evident. The dynamic behaviour of their structures must now be accounted for in the design. As our knowledge broadens, structures can, and are being designed to be earthquake resistant. However there are many buildings still standing in seismically active regions which have been designed for static load cases only, or are now of substandard design. Seismic engineering research and application has progressed rapidly over the last few decades, not least in part due to the evolution of computer technology, and our ability to produce computer models which aid us in the design and analysis processes. Hence the research presented focuses on the global behaviour of a typical statically designed tall reinforced concrete building. A literature review has been performed to investigate current mathematical and experimental work which has been carried out with regard to reinforced concrete structures under seismic/cyclic loading. The main point to note from this is that most of the current research has focussed on local behaviour rather than overall global response. The majority of models incorporating global 3D finite element modelling using time history analysis are being created in the Nuclear Industry. After verification work, the ANSYS general purpose finite element computer package has been used to analyse a statically designed 10-storey reinforced concrete building (designed to the rules of BS8110) for static, modal and time-history analyses under a typical (synthetic) earthquake. Certain features have been incorporated in the model with the foresight that these might cause problems under dynamic loading (i. e. softstoreys). The global response of the building has then been investigated, backed up with supporting 'hand' calculations. A 'margins' assessment was carried out mainly on the columns to the requirements of a static code. This enabled the identification of the problematic areas of the building, giving insight into the collapse behaviour and possible areas where design upgrade, attention to workmanship or retrofit may be required. In this process the potential for redistribution and overload capacity of the structure is also demonstrated. In conclusion, a number of suggestions for future work using global response models are made, and the benefits of using the global model approach adopted are discussed in detail. The global response, as opposed to local effects are captured providing insight into the potential for partial or total collapse.
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Ozel, Halil Firat. "Comparison Of The 2d And 3d Analyses Methods For Cfrds." Master's thesis, METU, 2012. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12614814/index.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
The purpose is to compare the 2D and 3D analysis methodologies in investigating the performance of a Concrete Faced Rockfill Dam (CFRD) under static and dynamic loading conditions. Çokal Dam is the case study which is a CFRD located in northwest Turkey at the Thracian Peninsula. Rockfill interface and faceplate were simulated as nonlinear modulus of elasticity, detailed nonlinear tractive behavior and total strain rotating crack model, respectively. These behaviors were calibrated to define the exact behavior by detailed material tests. The analyses that cannot be done by 2D analyses, such as stress, crack width distribution along the face slab are conducted by 3D analyses to determine the necessity of these outcomes. Since effect of valley ends cannot be produced by 2D analyses, it is necessary to check 3D analyses to ensure liability of the results. Another comparison between detailed analysis of 2D models and linear elastic 2D models were covered to get practical and industrial solutions for the guiding methods of CFRDs for preliminary designs in this study.
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Vorfolomeyeva, Yuliya. "Nonlinear static analysis of rubble-stone masonry buildings performed with equivalent frame method." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2021.
Find full textAbstract:
Nonlinear static analysis is an efficient tool for performance assessment of masonry structures. In particular, it facilitates the accurate prediction of seismic response of a structure to earthquakes. Numerical models based on Equivalent Frame Method allow to predict realistic failure modes observed after preceding seismic events with reasonable computational effort, a characteristic which is suitable for engineering practice. This thesis deals with nonlinear incremental static (pushover) analysis of masonry buildings and the subsequent discussion of the obtained results. TreMuri software is used for developing the numerical models, which are then analysed on the basis of elastic acceleration response spectra obtained according to the Nepal National Building Code. Different structural improvement techniques are implemented in the models and compared in order to determine their impact on seismic performance. Elastic stiffness obtained with the nonlinear analysis is examined in contrast to analytical estimation of the same, made with various mathematical models.
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Yau, Wai-Keung. "Application of Vlasov's method to static, dynamic and stability problems in plate structures." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/5475.
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Malovaný, Daniel. "Úprava držáku celohliníkového chladiče." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-230914.
Full textAbstract:
The purpose of this thesis is to overview the basic design solutions of full aluminum radiators. By finite element method to check the first generation of full aluminum low temperature radiator bracket and based on this calculation to modify the design to reduce tension in the critical areas. At the end of this thesis to evaluate the new design.
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Jobredeaux, Romain J. "Formal verification of control software." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/53841.
Full textAbstract:
In a context of heightened requirements for safety-critical embedded systems and
ever-increasing costs of verification and validation, this research proposes to
advance the state of formal analysis for control software. Formal methods are a
field of computer science that uses mathematical techniques and formalisms to
rigorously analyze the behavior of programs. This research develops a framework
and tools to express and prove high level properties of control law
implementations. One goal is to bridge the gap between control theory and
computer science. An annotation language is extended with symbols and axioms to
describe control-related concepts at the code level. Libraries of theorems,
along with their proofs, are developed to enable an interactive proof assistant
to verify control-related properties. Through integration in a prototype tool,
the process of verification is made automatic, and applied to several example systems.In a context of heightened requirements for safety-critical embedded systems and
ever-increasing costs of verification and validation, this research proposes to
advance the state of formal analysis for control software. Formal methods are a
field of computer science that uses mathematical techniques and formalisms to
rigorously analyze the behavior of programs. This research develops a framework
and tools to express and prove high level properties of control law
implementations. One goal is to bridge the gap between control theory and
computer science. An annotation language is extended with symbols and axioms to
describe control-related concepts at the code level. Libraries of theorems,
along with their proofs, are developed to enable an interactive proof assistant
to verify control-related properties. Through integration in a prototype tool,
the process of verification is made automatic, and applied to several example systems.
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Turkkan, Omer Anil. "Rapid Conceptual Design and Analysis of Planar and SpatialCompliant Mechanisms." The Ohio State University, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1512739490296851.
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