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Journal articles on the topic 'Statistic risk'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 18 February 2022

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1

Shen, Xi, Chang-Xing Ma, Kam C. Yuen, and Guo-Liang Tian. "Common risk difference test and interval estimation of risk difference for stratified bilateral correlated data." Statistical Methods in Medical Research 28, no. 8 (2018): 2418–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0962280218781988.

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Bilateral correlated data are often encountered in medical researches such as ophthalmologic (or otolaryngologic) studies, in which each unit contributes information from paired organs to the data analysis, and the measurements from such paired organs are generally highly correlated. Various statistical methods have been developed to tackle intra-class correlation on bilateral correlated data analysis. In practice, it is very important to adjust the effect of confounder on statistical inferences, since either ignoring the intra-class correlation or confounding effect may lead to biased results

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Tian, Dejian, and Xinli Suo. "A note on convex risk statistic." Operations Research Letters 40, no. 6 (2012): 551–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.orl.2012.09.011.

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Deng, Xiaochuan, and Fei Sun. "Regulator-Based Risk Statistics for Portfolios." Discrete Dynamics in Nature and Society 2020 (July 9, 2020): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/7015267.

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Risk statistic is a critical factor not only for risk analysis but also for financial application. However, the traditional risk statistics may fail to describe the characteristics of regulator-based risk. In this paper, we consider the regulator-based risk statistics for portfolios. By further developing the properties related to regulator-based risk statistics, we are able to derive dual representation for such risk.

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Ocak, Gurbey, Chava Ramspek, Maarten B. Rookmaaker, et al. "Performance of bleeding risk scores in dialysis patients." Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation 34, no. 7 (2019): 1223–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ndt/gfy387.

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Abstract Background Bleeding risk scores have been created to identify patients with an increased bleeding risk, which could also be useful in dialysis patients. However, the predictive performances of these bleeding risk scores in dialysis patients are unknown. Therefore, the aim of this study was to validate existing bleeding risk scores in dialysis patients. Methods A cohort of 1745 incident dialysis patients was prospectively followed for 3 years during which bleeding events were registered. We evaluated the discriminative performance of the Hypertension, Abnormal kidney and liver function

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Molinari, Nicolas. "A U-statistic test in competing risk models." Comptes Rendus Mathematique 341, no. 5 (2005): 317–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.crma.2005.07.016.

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Zhu, Hong Han. "Financial Market Risk Overflow Modeling and Inspection Based on Support Vector Machine." Applied Mechanics and Materials 571-572 (June 2014): 1189–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.571-572.1189.

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Combined granger test statistics based on VaR and CCF and machine learning theory to establish financial market risk overflow model of support vector machine. To analyze risk information overflow by the statistic characteristics of risk information overflow structure. The model can more effective to test variety forms of risk overflow, Main performance is the extreme risk for information received peripheral selectivity and market volatility non-stability. Emerging markets characteristics in A Shares is evident, the performance are the selective reception of outside extreme risk information. Em

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Überla, K., W. Ahlborn та H. J. Tuz. "Risk Analysis in Cohort Studies with Heterogeneous Strata. A Global χ2-Test for Dose-Response Relationship, Generalizing the Mantel-Haenszel Procedure". Methods of Information in Medicine 29, № 02 (1990): 113–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1636366.

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AbstractIn cohort studies the Mantel-Haenszel estimator OR̂ MH is computed from sample data and is used as a point estimator of relative risk. Test-based confidence intervals are estimated with the help of the asymptotic chi-squared distributed MH-statistic χ2 MHS . The Mantel-exten-sion-chi-squared is used as a test statistic for a dose-response relationship. Both test statistics – the Mantel-Haenszel-chi as well as the Mantel-extension-chi – assume homogeneity of risk across strata, which is rarely present. Also an extended nonparametric statistic, proposed by Terpstra, which is based on the

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McKian, Kevin P., Carol A. Reynolds, Daniel W. Visscher, et al. "Novel Breast Tissue Feature Strongly Associated With Risk of Breast Cancer." Journal of Clinical Oncology 27, no. 35 (2009): 5893–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2008.21.5079.

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Purpose Accurate, individualized risk prediction for breast cancer is lacking. Tissue-based features may help to stratify women into different risk levels. Breast lobules are the anatomic sites of origin of breast cancer. As women age, these lobular structures should regress, which results in reduced breast cancer risk. However, this does not occur in all women. Methods We have quantified the extent of lobule regression on a benign breast biopsy in 85 patients who developed breast cancer and 142 age-matched controls from the Mayo Benign Breast Disease Cohort, by determining number of acini per

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Gaprindashvili, George, Jianping Guo, Panisara Daorueang, Tian Xin, and Pooyan Rahimy. "A New Statistic Approach towards Landslide Hazard Risk Assessment." International Journal of Geosciences 05, no. 01 (2014): 38–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ijg.2014.51006.

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Vaziri, Sasha, Jacob Wilson, Joseph Abbatematteo, et al. "Predictive performance of the American College of Surgeons universal risk calculator in neurosurgical patients." Journal of Neurosurgery 128, no. 3 (2018): 942–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2016.11.jns161377.

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OBJECTIVEThe American College of Surgeons (ACS) National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP) universal Surgical Risk Calculator is an online decision-support tool that uses patient characteristics to estimate the risk of adverse postoperative events. Further validation of this risk calculator in the neurosurgical population is needed; therefore, the object of this study was to assess the predictive performance of the ACS NSQIP Surgical Risk Calculator in neurosurgical patients treated at a tertiary care center.METHODSA single-center retrospective review of 1006 neurosurgical patients

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Nimigean, Victor, Valentin Daniel Sîrbu, Vanda Roxana Nimigean, et al. "Statistic study regarding mandibular canal in dentate human specimens." Romanian Journal of Stomatology 61, no. 4 (2015): 300–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.37897/rjs.2015.4.9.

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The major risk of dental implant treatment in the mandible is represented by the mandibular canal. Precise location of the mandibular canal is essential for oral rehabilitation with dental implants. The aim of this study was to analyze the topography of the mandibular canal in order to increase the long-term performance of oral rehabilitation with dental implants in „poor areas“. The topography of the mandibular canal was statistically studied on 11 human mandibles. The results obtained show similarities but also differences with data reported in other specialized references.

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Al-Marshadi, Ali Hussein, and Muhammad Aslam. "Statistical Analysis for Food Quality in the Presence of Vague Information." Journal of Food Quality 2021 (September 16, 2021): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/7373620.

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The present study introduces the neutrosophic statistical test to see investigate the difference between variances of two populations when correlation exits in pair observations. The procedure and statistic of the proposed test under neutrosophic statistics are introduced in the paper. The application of the proposed test is given using the food industry data. The efficiency of the proposed test is compared with that of the existing test in terms of the measure of indeterminacy, flexibility, and information. From the real application and comparative studies, it is concluded that the proposed t

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Li, Xiao-Zhou, Jin-Feng Wang, Wei-Zhong Yang, Zhong-Jie Li, and Sheng-Jie Lai. "A spatial scan statistic for nonisotropic two-level risk cluster." Statistics in Medicine 31, no. 2 (2011): 177–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/sim.4341.

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Mehrotra, Devan V., and Arthur J. Roth. "Relative risk estimation and inference using a generalized logrank statistic." Statistics in Medicine 20, no. 14 (2001): 2099–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/sim.854.

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Saar, Aet, Kristi Läll, Maris Alver, et al. "Estimating the performance of three cardiovascular disease risk scores: the Estonian Biobank cohort study." Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health 73, no. 3 (2019): 272–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jech-2017-209965.

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BackgroundWe aim to investigate the predictive ability of PCE (Pooled Cohort Equations), QRISK2 and SCORE (Systematic COronary Risk Estimation) scoring systems for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk prediction in Estonia, a country with one of the highest ASCVD event rates in Europe.MethodsSeven-year risk estimates were calculated in risk score–specific subsets of the Estonian Biobank cohort. Calibration was assessed by standardised incidence ratios (SIRs) and discrimination by Harrell’s C-statistics. In addition, a head-to-head comparison of the scores was performed in the in

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Carobbio, Alessandra, Elisabetta Antonioli, Alessandro M. Vannucchi, et al. "Leukocytosis and Risk Stratification Assessment in Essential Thrombocythemia." Blood 110, no. 11 (2007): 681. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v110.11.681.681.

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Abstract Established risk factors for thrombosis in Essential Thrombocythemia (ET) including age and previous vascular events have been incorporated into algorithms for risk assessment in clinical trials. Our interest is now to refine this risk stratification by adding, to this established predictive model, leukocytosis, found to be a new risk factor for these events. For this purpose we used the C statistic estimate that defines, from a Cox multivariable model, the probability of concordance between leukocytosis and events among comparable patients during the time. C statistic values range fr

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Lau, Kui Kai, Linxin Li, Ursula Schulz, et al. "Total small vessel disease score and risk of recurrent stroke." Neurology 88, no. 24 (2017): 2260–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/wnl.0000000000004042.

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Objective:In patients with TIA and ischemic stroke, we validated the total small vessel disease (SVD) score by determining its prognostic value for recurrent stroke.Methods:Two independent prospective studies were conducted, one comprising predominantly Caucasian patients with TIA/ischemic stroke (Oxford Vascular Study [OXVASC]) and one predominantly Chinese patients with ischemic stroke (University of Hong Kong [HKU]). Cerebral MRI was performed and assessed for lacunes, microbleeds, white matter hyperintensities (WMH), and perivascular spaces (PVS). Predictive value of total SVD score for ri

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van Walraven, Carl, Timothy D. Jackson, and Nick Daneman. "Derivation and Validation of the Surgical Site Infections Risk Model Using Health Administrative Data." Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology 37, no. 4 (2016): 455–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ice.2015.327.

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OBJECTIVESurgical site infections (SSIs) are common hospital-acquired infections. Tracking SSIs is important to monitor their incidence, and this process requires primary data collection. In this study, we derived and validated a method using health administrative data to predict the probability that a person who had surgery would develop an SSI within 30 days.METHODSAll patients enrolled in the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP) from 2 sites were linked to population-based administrative datasets in Ontario, Canada. We derived a multivariate model, stratified by surgical sp

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Yuan, Xiaoyong, Zheng Feng, Matthew Norton, and Xiaolin Li. "Generalized Batch Normalization: Towards Accelerating Deep Neural Networks." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 33 (July 17, 2019): 1682–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v33i01.33011682.

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Utilizing recently introduced concepts from statistics and quantitative risk management, we present a general variant of Batch Normalization (BN) that offers accelerated convergence of Neural Network training compared to conventional BN. In general, we show that mean and standard deviation are not always the most appropriate choice for the centering and scaling procedure within the BN transformation, particularly if ReLU follows the normalization step. We present a Generalized Batch Normalization (GBN) transformation, which can utilize a variety of alternative deviation measures for scaling an

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Hou, Peng, Xiaojian Yi, and Haiping Dong. "A Spatial Statistic Based Risk Assessment Approach to Prioritize the Pipeline Inspection of the Pipeline Network." Energies 13, no. 3 (2020): 685. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13030685.

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The identification of high risk regions is an important aim of risk-based inspections (RBIs) in pipeline networks. As the most vital part of risk-based inspections, risk assessment makes a significant contribution to achieving this aim. Accurate assessment can target high risk inspected regions so that limited resources can mitigate considerable risks in the face of increased spatial distribution of a pipeline network. However, the existing approaches for risk assessment face grave challenges due to a lack of sufficient data and an assessment’s vulnerability to human biases and errors. This pa

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Benkovskaya, Ludmila V. "STATISTIC INDICATORS OF THE ASSESSMENT OF RISK OF PRODUCTION OF GRAIN." Statistics and Economics, no. 3 (January 1, 2015): 151–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.21686/2500-3925-2015-3-151-156.

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Biswas, Biplab, Maidul Husain, and M. Shafiqur Rahman. "Review and evaluation of the concordance measures for assessing discrimination in the logistic regression methods." Journal of Statistical Research 53, no. 1 (2019): 63–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.47302/jsr.2019530104.

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Concordance statistic (C-statistic), which is equivalent to the area under a receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), is frequently used to quantify the discriminatory power (the ability of the model to distinguish low and high risk patient) of a risk prediction model developed in the logistic regression framework. Several methods for estimating concordance statistics including both non-parametric and parametric have been proposed in the literature. Despite the several proposals of the C-statistic, it is still unclear to the practical users which approaches should be applied in practice.

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Merkow, Ryan P., Thomas E. Kmiecik, David J. Bentrem, et al. "Do cancer-specific variables improve risk-adjusted hospital quality comparisons?" Journal of Clinical Oncology 30, no. 4_suppl (2012): 585. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2012.30.4_suppl.585.

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585 Background: For patients undergoing surgery for cancer, it has been suggested that risk-adjustment with cancer-specific variables is needed when evaluating short-term outcomes. Our objectives were to assess the influence of cancer-related variables on postoperative complications and hospital quality comparisons. Methods: Patients from ACS NSQIP and NCDB who underwent colorectal resection for cancer were linked (2006-2008) to create a dataset containing robust information on comorbidities, complications, and oncologic variables. Three hierarchical models were developed predicting the NSQIP

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Wada, Cicilia Yuko, Pranab Kumar Sen, and Silvia Emiko Shimakura. "A Bivariate Exponential Model with Covariates in Competing Risk Data." Calcutta Statistical Association Bulletin 46, no. 3-4 (1996): 197–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0008068319960305.

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Sarkar's bivariate exponential distribution is incorporated in a competing risk model with two causes of failure. In view of the nonidentifiability of the parameters of this distribution under competing risk, reparameterization is advocated and covariates are related to the reparameterized parameters through logistic and loglinear models. The restricted alternative hypothe,is is considered for the comparison of the survival distributions of the two causes of failure, the test statistic based on Roy's unionintersection principle is used and compared with the score test statistic. An applicati

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Olchanski, Natalia, Joshua T. Cohen, Peter J. Neumann, John B. Wong, and David M. Kent. "Understanding the Value of Individualized Information: The Impact of Poor Calibration or Discrimination in Outcome Prediction Models." Medical Decision Making 37, no. 7 (2017): 790–801. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0272989x17704855.

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Background. Risk prediction models allow for the incorporation of individualized risk and clinical effectiveness information to identify patients for whom therapy is most appropriate and cost-effective. This approach has the potential to identify inefficient (or harmful) care in subgroups at different risks, even when the overall results appear favorable. Here, we explore the value of personalized risk information and the factors that influence it. Methods. Using an expected value of individualized care (EVIC) framework, which monetizes the value of customizing care, we developed a general app

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Carobbio, Alessandra, Elisabetta Antonioli, Paola Guglielmelli, et al. "Leukocytosis and Risk Stratification Assessment in Essential Thrombocythemia." Journal of Clinical Oncology 26, no. 16 (2008): 2732–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2007.15.3569.

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Purpose Established risk factors for thrombosis in essential thrombocythemia (ET) include age and previous vascular events. We aimed to refine this risk stratification by adding baseline leukocytosis. Patients and Methods We enrolled 657 patients with ET followed for a median of 4.5 years who developed 72 major thrombosis. Cox proportional hazard model was performed to analyze the thrombotic risk and to discriminate ET patients with or without thrombosis, multivariable C statistic index was used. We searched for leukocytes cutoff with the best sensitivity and specificity by a receiver operatin

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Katona, Szilvia, and Imre Ertsey. "Simulation of optimizing decisions and risk analysis in investment plans." Acta Agraria Debreceniensis, no. 27 (November 15, 2007): 160–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.34101/actaagrar/27/3120.

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Investments always contain risks, as data referring to the future are planned and uncertain. Therefore, besides feasibility analyses we need to perform risk analyses, as well. Through statistic simulation methods, our aim is to examine how uncertain and prospective data as risk factors affect investment-profitability indices. On the other hand, our aim is to find out the optimal innovation – financing decisions by using decision optimizingmethods.

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Kleinstern, Geffen, J. Brice Weinberg, Sameer A. Parikh, et al. "Polygenic Risk Score and Risk of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia, Monoclonal B-Cell Lymphocytosis (MBL), and MBL Subtypes." Blood 136, Supplement 1 (2020): 35–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2020-136548.

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Background MBL is a precursor to chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and is subclassified into low-count (LC) MBL (absolute B-cell count&lt;0.5x109/L) and high-count (HC) MBL (absolute B-cell count between 0.5 and 5x109/L). We previously reported that a polygenic risk score (PRS) based on a weighted average of 41 CLL-susceptibility variants was associated with risk of both MBL and CLL among a cohort of individuals from CLL families. Here we evaluate this PRS in an independent cohort of MBL and CLL individuals of European ancestry (EA), all of whom were ascertained agnostic to CLL family-his

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Lambie, Mark, Lucy Teece, David W. Johnson, et al. "Estimating risk of encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis accounting for the competing risk of death." Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation 34, no. 9 (2019): 1585–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ndt/gfz034.

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AbstractBackgroundRisk of encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis (EPS) is strongly associated with the duration of peritoneal dialysis (PD), such that patients who have been on PD for some time may consider elective transfer to haemodialysis to mitigate the risk of EPS. There is a need to determine this risk to better inform clinical decision making, but previous studies have not allowed for the competing risk of death.MethodsThis study included new adult PD patients in Australia and New Zealand (ANZ; 1990–2010) or Scotland (2000–08) followed until 2012. Age, time on PD, primary renal disease, gen

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Szmukler, G., B. Everitt, and M. Leese. "Risk assessment and receiver operating characteristic curves." Psychological Medicine 42, no. 5 (2011): 895–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s003329171100208x.

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Risk assessment is now regarded as a necessary competence in psychiatry. The area under the curve (AUC) statistic of the receiver operating characteristic curve is increasingly offered as the main evidence for accuracy of risk assessment instruments. But, even a highly statistically significant AUC is of limited value in clinical practice.

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Tango, Toshiro. "Spatial scan statistics can be dangerous." Statistical Methods in Medical Research 30, no. 1 (2021): 75–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0962280220930562.

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Spatial scan statistics are widely used tools for the detection of disease clusters. Especially, the circular spatial scan statistic proposed by Kulldorff along with SaTScan software has been used in a wide variety of epidemiological studies and disease surveillance. However, as it cannot detect non-circular, irregularly shaped clusters, many authors have proposed non-circular spatial scan statistics. Above all, the flexible spatial scan statistic proposed by Tango and Takahashi along with FleXScan software has also been used. However, it does not seem to be well recognized that these spatial

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Swanson, G. M. "Breast Cancer Risk Estimation: A Translational Statistic for Communication to the Public." JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute 85, no. 11 (1993): 848–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jnci/85.11.848.

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Merkow, Ryan P., Bruce L. Hall, Mark E. Cohen, et al. "Relevance of the C-Statistic When Evaluating Risk-Adjustment Models in Surgery." Journal of the American College of Surgeons 214, no. 5 (2012): 822–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2011.12.041.

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Zhuo, Zirong, Jixiang Liu, and Wenmin Luo. "Credit Default Risk Assessment of Local Government Debts Based on KMV Model." International Journal of Economics and Finance 8, no. 5 (2016): 230. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijef.v8n5p230.

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With the continuing expansion of Chinese local government debts, its credit risk issues raise the public attention. According to the overall statistics data in Chinese Statistic Bureau, there’re various scales of debts exist, undertaken by Chinese prefecture-level cities’ local government. Some of them exceed the alerting level of international line. In an effort to measure the credit default risk level of Chinese local governments, this paper makes a moderate assessment of credit default risk based on modified KMV model. In conditions of a variety of local government revenue, this model calcu

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Hong, Fangxin, Brad S. Kahl, and Robert Gray. "Incremental Value in Outcome Prediction with Molecular Signatures in Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma,." Blood 118, no. 21 (2011): 3687. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v118.21.3687.3687.

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Abstract Abstract 3687 INTRODUCTION: Multiple gene expression-based biomarkers have been identified in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) that are predictive for survival outcomes. Most studies assess predictive significance based on p-value from multivariate Cox regression; few investigations have evaluated the incremental usefulness of these biomarkers in risk prediction. Using the recently developed concordance measures (e.g., C-statistics) on censored survival data, we assessed the usefulness of two published gene-based risk signatures and compared them to the known clinical prognostic

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Solomon, Daniel H., Joel Kremer, Jeffrey R. Curtis, et al. "Explaining the cardiovascular risk associated with rheumatoid arthritis: traditional risk factors versus markers of rheumatoid arthritis severity." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 69, no. 11 (2010): 1920–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/ard.2009.122226.

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BackgroundCardiovascular (CV) disease has a major impact on patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), however, the relative contributions of traditional CV risk factors and markers of RA severity are unclear. The authors examined the relative importance of traditional CV risk factors and RA markers in predicting CV events.MethodsA prospective longitudinal cohort study was conducted in the setting of the CORRONA registry in the USA. Baseline data from subjects with RA enrolled in the CORRONA registry were examined to determine predictors of CV outcomes, including myocardial infarction, stroke or

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Jackson, Sarah S., Surbhi Leekha, Lisa Pineles, et al. "Improving Risk Adjustment Above Current Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Methodology Using Electronically Available Comorbid Conditions." Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology 37, no. 10 (2016): 1173–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ice.2016.140.

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OBJECTIVETo identify comorbid conditions associated with surgical site infection (SSI) among patients undergoing renal transplantation and improve existing risk adjustment methodology used by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention National Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN).PATIENTSPatients (≥18 years) who underwent renal transplantation at University of Maryland Medical Center January 1, 2010-December 31, 2011.METHODSTrained infection preventionists reviewed medical records to identify surgical site infections that developed within 30 days after transplantation, using NHSN criteria. Pat

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Nam, Byung-Ho, Ami Yu, Sang Myung Woo, et al. "Development and validation of a predictive model to assess an individual's risk of pancreatic cancer." Journal of Clinical Oncology 31, no. 15_suppl (2013): 4045. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2013.31.15_suppl.4045.

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4045 Background: Due to the very low survival of pancreatic cancer (PC), early detection is a critical strategy to improve the outcome of PC.Screening individuals with genetic syndromes associated with a high incidence of PC or families predisposed to PC is increasing. However, those populations account for only 10% of all PC cases. A different approach for developing an effective surveillance tool is needed to identify high-risk individuals without hereditary risks. The goal of this study was to develop and validate risk prediction models for filtering purposes as part of the sporadic PC surv

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Oreyemi, A. B., R. A. Sanusi, L. O. Okojie, A. O. Olaiya, and D. Akerele. "Produce certification and income risk management strategies of cocoa farming households in South-West Nigeria." Applied Studies in Agribusiness and Commerce 9, no. 3 (2015): 75–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.19041/apstract/2015/3/10.

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Agricultural produce certification is synonymous to farm assurance of which cocoa certification is an example; dealing with issues of Good Agricultural, Environmental and Social Practices (GAP, GEP and GSP) in cocoa production. Essentially, GAP, GEP and GSP packages had in-built mechanism that can aid farmers mitigate factors that could lead to farm income risks in cocoa production. Consequently, this study examined the influence of cocoa certification on income risks of cocoa farming households in South-west Nigeria. A multistage sampling technique was used to select 180 cocoa farming househo

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Lakeman, Inge M. M., Mar Rodríguez-Girondo, Andrew Lee, et al. "Validation of the BOADICEA model and a 313-variant polygenic risk score for breast cancer risk prediction in a Dutch prospective cohort." Genetics in Medicine 22, no. 11 (2020): 1803–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41436-020-0884-4.

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Abstract Purpose We evaluated the performance of the recently extended Breast and Ovarian Analysis of Disease Incidence and Carrier Estimation Algorithm (BOADICEA version 5) in a Dutch prospective cohort, using a polygenic risk score (PRS) based on 313 breast cancer (BC)–associated variants (PRS313) and other, nongenetic risk factors. Methods Since 1989, 6522 women without BC aged 45 or older of European descent have been included in the Rotterdam Study. The PRS313 was calculated per 1 SD in controls from the Breast Cancer Association Consortium (BCAC). Cox regression analysis was performed to

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Qiu, Baoling, Dong WU, Qi Zhou, Dan Hong, Jian Pan, and Shaoyan Hu. "The Family Members of Mrps Expression and significance in Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia." Blood 124, no. 21 (2014): 5191. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v124.21.5191.5191.

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Abstract Objective Multidrug resistance-associated proteins 1 to 6 have been reported involved in a large number of tumors and have a close correlation with tumor multi-drug resistance. In this work, we detect the MRP2-6 genes expression in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) by Q-RT-PCR and explore their clinical significance. Methods 156 patients at different stages of ALL were enrolled in this study and treated by the protocol (CCLG-2008) during 2012 to 2013, including 67 cases at initial stage, 70 cases at complete remission, and 9 cases at relapse, 10 patients diagnosed as idiopa

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Bakir, Saad T. "A Nonparametric Shewhart-Type Quality Control Chart for Monitoring Broad Changes in a Process Distribution." International Journal of Quality, Statistics, and Reliability 2012 (September 11, 2012): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/147520.

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This paper develops a distribution-free (or nonparametric) Shewhart-type statistical quality control chart for detecting a broad change in the probability distribution of a process. The proposed chart is designed for grouped observations, and it requires the availability of a reference (or training) sample of observations taken when the process was operating in-control. The charting statistic is a modified version of the two-sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov test statistic that allows the exact calculation of the conditional average run length using the binomial distribution. Unlike the traditional di

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Tangri, Navdeep, Thomas W. Ferguson, Chris Wiebe, et al. "Validation of the Kidney Failure Risk Equation in Kidney Transplant Recipients." Canadian Journal of Kidney Health and Disease 7 (January 2020): 205435812092262. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2054358120922627.

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Background: Predicting allograft failure in kidney transplant recipients can help plan renal replacement therapy and guide patient-provider communication. The kidney failure risk equation (KFRE) accurately predicts the need for dialysis in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), but has not been validated in kidney transplant recipients. Objective: We sought to validate the 4-variable KFRE (age, sex, estimated glomerular filtration rate [eGFR], and urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio [ACR]) for prediction of 2- and 5-year death-censored allograft failure. Design: Retrospective cohort study.

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Miyata, T., S. Mii, H. Kumamaru, et al. "Risk prediction model for early outcomes of revascularization for chronic limb-threatening ischaemia." British Journal of Surgery 108, no. 8 (2021): 941–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bjs/znab036.

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Abstract Background Quantifying the risks and benefits of revascularization for chronic limb-threatening ischaemia (CLTI) is important. The aim of this study was to create a risk prediction model for treatment outcomes 30 days after revascularization in patients with CLTI. Methods Consecutive patients with CLTI who had undergone revascularization between 2013 and 2016 were collected from the JAPAN Critical Limb Ischemia Database (JCLIMB). The cohort was divided into a development and a validation cohort. In the development cohort, multivariable risk models were constructed to predict major amp

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Muller, David C., Mattias Johansson, and Paul Brennan. "Lung Cancer Risk Prediction Model Incorporating Lung Function: Development and Validation in the UK Biobank Prospective Cohort Study." Journal of Clinical Oncology 35, no. 8 (2017): 861–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2016.69.2467.

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Purpose Several lung cancer risk prediction models have been developed, but none to date have assessed the predictive ability of lung function in a population-based cohort. We sought to develop and internally validate a model incorporating lung function using data from the UK Biobank prospective cohort study. Methods This analysis included 502,321 participants without a previous diagnosis of lung cancer, predominantly between 40 and 70 years of age. We used flexible parametric survival models to estimate the 2-year probability of lung cancer, accounting for the competing risk of death. Models

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Kuzmak, Olena, Oleh Kuzmak, Anna Tarasova, and Yana Buchkovska. "Present-day realities of risk management in the activity of Ukrainian banks." Banks and Bank Systems 13, no. 1 (2018): 150–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/bbs.13(1).2018.14.

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Modern development of banking business is connected with significant risks, which, taking into account globalization processes, political, economic problems in Ukraine and worldwide, development of technological and information systems, tend to transform, therefore it is very difficult to identify them and take preventive measures concerning their smoothing. Taking the abovementioned into account, it is reasonable to assess the modern state of risk management in the activity of Ukrainian banks and the influence on banking system development. For this purpose, the authors analyzed the performan

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Story, D. A., M. Fink, K. Leslie, et al. "Perioperative Mortality Risk Score using Pre- and Post-operative Risk Factors in Older Patients." Anaesthesia and Intensive Care 37, no. 3 (2009): 392–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0310057x0903700310.

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We developed a risk score for 30-day postoperative mortality: the Perioperative Mortality risk score. We used a derivation cohort from a previous study of surgical patients aged 70 years or more at three large metropolitan teaching hospitals, using the significant risk factors for 30-day mortality from multivariate analysis. We summed the risk score for each of six factors creating an overall Perioperative Mortality score. We included 1012 patients and the 30-day mortality was 6%. The three preoperative factors and risk scores were (“three A's”): 1) age, years: 70 to 79=1, 80 to 89=3, 90+=6; 2

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Kagan, E. S., K. N. Belogai, I. S. Morozova, et al. "The Approbation of Hopelessness Scale for Children (HLPS) on Non-Clinical Sample of Russian Students." Experimental Psychology (Russia) 13, no. 2 (2020): 210–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.17759/exppsy.2020130214.

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In this paper we analyze the suicide risk predictors among adolescents and consider interrelation between hopelessness and suicide risk to be especially important in this context. Also we provide the results of the empirical approbation of “Hopelessness Scale for Children” (HLPS) by А. Kazdin, A. Rodgers, D. Colbus on non-clinical sample of Russian students. 627 school and college students from Kuzbass region aged 13—18 years old participated in the study. Statistic analyses contained descriptive statistics analyses, correlation analyses, ANOVA, exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, St

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Boeck, Lucas, Joan B. Soriano, Marjolein Brusse-Keizer, et al. "Prognostic assessment in COPD without lung function: the B-AE-D indices." European Respiratory Journal 47, no. 6 (2016): 1635–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/13993003.01485-2015.

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Several composite markers have been proposed for risk assessment in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, choice of parameters and score complexity restrict clinical applicability. Our aim was to provide and validate a simplified COPD risk index independent of lung function.The PROMISE study (n=530) was used to develop a novel prognostic index. Index performance was assessed regarding 2-year COPD-related mortality and all-cause mortality. External validity was tested in stable and exacerbated COPD patients in the ProCOLD, COCOMICS and COMIC cohorts (total n=2988).Using a mixed

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Likun, Z., and Y. Ba. "A meta-analysis of bevacizumab plus interferon alfa for previously untreated patients with metastatic clear-cell renal carcinoma (mRCC)." Journal of Clinical Oncology 29, no. 7_suppl (2011): 366. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2011.29.7_suppl.366.

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366 Background: mRCC was highly resistant to conventional chemotherapy. Both CALGB study and AVOREN study failed to detect statistic differences in overall survival (OS). To evaluate the effectiveness and adverse-effect of bevacizumab plus IFN-α for untreated mRCC, we performed a meta-analysis. Methods: We searched RCTs that compared bevacizumab plus IFN- alpha with other treatments. For trials without heterogeneity, meta-analysis was carried out by using review manager (Revman 4.2) with fixed or random-effects models. Hazard ratio (HR), relative risk (RR), and 95 percent confidence intervals

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