Academic literature on the topic 'Statistical account of Scotland'
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Journal articles on the topic "Statistical account of Scotland"
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Hill, Ian. "The Origins of the New Statistical Account of Scotland." Scottish Historical Review 96, no. 2 (October 2017): 161–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/shr.2017.0334.
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This article examines the background and beginnings of the New Statistical Account of Scotland (NSA) of 1834–45. 1 It developed out of a lengthy involvement with the Statistical Accounts of Scotland online service and a growing frustration at the extent to which the NSA has been overshadowed by its famous forebear, the First or Old Statistical Account (OSA) of 1791–9. 2 While these publications were separate ventures, this article suggests that they were also interlinked. In particular, it argues that Sir John Sinclair of Ulbster, the father of the statistical accounts, was effectively excluded from participation in the NSA by the society for the benefit of the children of the Kirk against a background of deteriorating relations following the failure of the OSA. It goes on to explain the development of the NSA in terms of the Society's growing experience in the Edinburgh publishing world and its need for additional income, including for its recently-founded daughters fund. In the process it looks at the roles played by the originators of the NSA and at its comparative nature. A final section examines the possible motives of William Blackwood & Co for publishing the NSA but argues that the authority of the general assembly was equally important for enabling completion of the project.
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Watson, Murray. "Using the Third Statistical Account of Scotland to Expose a Major Gap in Scottish Historiography." Contemporary British History 18, no. 1 (March 2004): 100–122. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/136194604200217329.
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Gidal, Eric, and Michael Gavin. "Infrastructural semantics: postal networks and statistical accounts in Scotland, 1790–1845." International Journal of Geographical Information Science 33, no. 12 (June 24, 2019): 2523–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13658816.2019.1631454.
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Sinitsa, Arseniy L. "THE FIRST (OLD) STATISTICAL ACCOUNT OF SCOTLAND AS A DEMOGRAPHIC DATA SOURCE ABOUT THE POPULATION OF SCOTLAND OF THE END OF THE 18TH CENTURY." Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta, no. 432 (July 1, 2018): 159–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/15617793/432/21.
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BURNS, JAMES H. "From Enquiry to Improvement: David Ure (1749–1798)." Scottish Historical Review 87, no. 2 (October 2008): 258–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/e0036924108000152.
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David Ure (1749–98) contributed, in his History of Rutherglen and East-Kilbride (1793) not only to local history but, especially, to the development in Scotland of natural history, in some aspects of which he played a pioneering part. His studies at Glasgow University (with John Anderson as one of his teachers) were followed by ordination to the ministry of the Church of Scotland. A ‘stickit minister’ for most of his life, he played a significant part in Sinclair's Statistical Account of Scotland and contributed also to the surveys prepared for Sinclair's Board of Agriculture and Internal Improvement. Had he lived, he would have been Anderson's choice as professor of natural history in what became the Andersonian Institute. His writings reflect a lifelong commitment to the pursuit of knowledge with a view to improvement: he is thus a notable example of what the Enlightenment in late 18th-century Scotland was meant to exemplify and uphold.
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VAN EYNDHOVEN, SARAH, and LYNN CLARK. "The – switch: an empirical account of the anglicisation of a Scots variant in Scotland during the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries." English Language and Linguistics 24, no. 1 (April 30, 2019): 211–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1360674319000078.
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This article explores the anglicisation of the Scots language between the sixteenth and eighteenth centuries, focusing on the variation between the orthographic clusters <quh-> and <wh-> found in relative and interrogative clause markers. Using modern statistical techniques, we provide the most comprehensive empirical analysis of this variation so far in the Helsinki Corpus of Older Scots (Meurman-Solin 1995). By combining the techniques of Variability-Based Neighbour Clustering (Gries & Hilpert 2008, 2010, 2012) with mixed-effects logistic regression modelling (Baayen et al.2008), we uncover a different trajectory of change than that which has previously been reported for this feature (Meurman-Solin 1993, 1997). We argue that by using modern methods of data reduction and statistical modelling, we can present a picture of language change in Scots that is more fine-grained than previous studies which use only descriptive statistics.
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Tranter, N. L. "Popular sports and the industrial revolution in Scotland: the evidence of the statistical accounts." International Journal of the History of Sport 4, no. 1 (May 1987): 21–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09523368708713612.
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Stuart, Claire. "Estimating the number of people with Down’s syndrome in Scotland and the cohort at elevated risk of early onset dementia." Tizard Learning Disability Review 22, no. 3 (July 3, 2017): 164–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/tldr-11-2016-0041.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to estimate the size of the population of people with Down’s syndrome in Scotland in order to provide a basis for estimating likely numbers of people with dementia in Down’s syndrome at a range of ages. Design/methodology/approach Recorded data were requested from all general practitioner (GP) services in Scotland on people with an identified READ code denoting Down’s syndrome. A statistical weighting model was then applied to account for non-response bias. Findings There were 3,261 people with Down’s syndrome estimated by the application of a statistical weighting model. Of these, 1,118 people (34 percent) were aged between 40 and 59. This age banding includes the age groups reported as having the highest incidence of early onset dementia in Down’s syndrome. Research limitations/implications It is not possible to apply a benchmark to the percentage of observed data which gives an indication of how accurate the estimates produced are. Rather, the quality of the estimates depends on the response rate itself and the extent to which response is correlated with the outcome variable. In short, the quality of the final weighted estimates depends on the extent to which the biasing effect is mitigated by the weighting. As a result, a different response rate to this survey would have resulted in variations in the weighting model and therefore provided a different set of estimates. Social implications Adults with Down’s syndrome have an elevated risk of developing dementia significantly earlier than the general population and require specific age appropriate supports and services to meet their needs both pre and post-diagnosis. The reality of this is currently not fully realized in either standard practice or national policy concerning the issue. Originality/value This is the first set of data collected from GP services in Scotland to examine this issue and attempt to identify the population of people with Down’s syndrome in Scotland as a whole.
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Andreis, Federico, Richard Bryant, Emanuele Giorgi, Andrea E. Williamson, and Ashleigh Ward. "Prescribing patterns for medical treatment of suspected prostatic obstruction: a longitudinal register-based study of the Scottish Health and Social Care Open Data." BMJ Open 11, no. 2 (February 2021): e042606. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-042606.
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BackgroundThe diagnosis of lower urinary tract symptoms related to suspected bladder outflow obstruction from benign prostate hyperplasia/enlargement in men is increasing. This is leading to high demand on healthcare services; however, there is limited knowledge of differences in pharmacotherapy prescribing for this condition based on geography.ObjectiveTo investigate potential variation in drug prescribing for suspected bladder outflow obstruction in Scotland, based on analysis of publicly available data, to identify trends and inform future prescribing.Study designA longitudinal register-based data study of prescribing and patient data publicly available from Scottish registries. All information is available as monthly aggregates at the level of single general practices.Setting and participants903 (97%) general practices in Scotland, over a 50-month period (October 2015 to November 2019).Outcome measurements and statistical analysisWe analysed numbers of daily doses of drugs for suspected bladder outflow obstruction prescribed per month using a Bayesian Poisson regression analysis, incorporating random effects to account for spatial and temporal elements.ResultsPrescriptions for suspected bladder outflow obstruction medications increased during the observation period (overall average rate of change 1.24±0.28, ranging from 0.893 in Orkney to 1.95 in Lanarkshire). While some determinants of health inequality regarding prescribing practices across health boards are consistent with those known from the literature, other inequalities remain unexplained after accounting for practice-specific and patient-specific characteristics such as deprivation and rurality.ConclusionsInequalities in prescribing for suspected bladder outflow obstruction medications exist in Scotland, partially ascribable to accepted sociodemographic and geographic factors.
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Holmes, Matthew. "The perfect pest: natural history and the red squirrel in nineteenth-century Scotland (William T. Stearn Prize 2014)." Archives of Natural History 42, no. 1 (April 2015): 113–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/anh.2015.0284.
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Following the extirpation of the red squirrel from much of Scotland by the end of the eighteenth century, nineteenth-century naturalists strived to find evidence of its native Scottish status. As medieval accounts and Gaelic place names proved ambiguous, the true extent of the squirrel's former habitat was a matter of some debate. While numerous reintroductions of the species were made from the late eighteenth century, general enthusiasm for the return of the squirrel quickly turned to dismay, ultimately followed by persecution. If the squirrel originally represented a symbolic mission to rediscover a lost species, the physical animal itself fell below expectations. It became publically perceived as both economically and ecologically destructive. The squirrel was despised by foresters and landowners for damaging trees, while naturalists condemned the species for the destruction of bird's eggs and nests. This article will investigate naturalists' quests to rediscover the red squirrel, before examining changing attitudes to the species upon its reintroduction and gradual proliferation. The narrative will emerge through the works and correspondence of Scottish naturalist John Alexander Harvie-Brown (1844–1916) and The new statistical account of Scotland (1834–1845). The argument will be made that the red squirrel as an object of antiquarian curiosity initially made the species endearing to natural historians, as part of a wider fascination with extinct British fauna. However, the clash between naturalists’ established ornithological interests did little to endear the species to that community, leaving the red squirrel open to a policy of general persecution on economic grounds.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Statistical account of Scotland"
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McKenzie, John Stephen. "ROKPA Scotland a sociological account /." Thesis, Available from the University of Aberdeen Library and Historic Collections Digital Resources, 2008. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?application=DIGITOOL-3&owner=resourcediscovery&custom_att_2=simple_viewer&pid=25219.
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Li, Siben. "Evaluating surveillance strategies for bovine tuberculosis in Scotland." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/31083.
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Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) is one of the most complex, persistent and controversial problems facing the British cattle industry. It is also potentially zoonotic and so has public health implications. The incidence of the disease has been increasing in Great Britain for more than 20 years and is now endemic in southwest regions of the country and occurs sporadically elsewhere. Scotland records very few incidences of bTB and was declared as an Officially bTB free (OTF) region in 2009 for the purposes of cattle trading. However, in order to retain its OTF status Scotland must continue to demonstrate the ability to report low level of disease prevalence whilst maintaining its vigilance to potential new outbreaks. This thesis uses a variety of epidemiological and statistical models to evaluate the ongoing control strategies for bTB in Scottish cattle herds and highlight potential limitations to the current surveillance programmes. In the absence of an established wildlife reservoir, livestock movements are considered the primary mechanism for introduction of bTB into cattle herds. I use movement and bTB data to estimate the within-herd incidence rate for each infected farm in Scotland. The results suggest that this rate varies across farms, and is dependent on the herd size and length of disease exposure. These incidence rates are then used to parameterise a multi-herd dynamic model using stochastic simulations that incorporate multiple disease transmission pathways. With this approach I evaluate the impact of different routine test protocols on the overall simulated epidemics. Based on the model outcome, abattoir surveillance alone is not sufficient to maintain infection at a low constant level. Whilst adapting to more frequent routine testing regime can reduce disease incidence, the sensitivity of the surveillance methods can also have a big impact on the long term stability of the disease prevalence and can act as the main barrier to eradicating the disease from low incidence regions. The single intra-dermal comparative cervical tuberculin (SICCT) test used in the current routine herd surveillance relies on stimulating an immune response and observing delayed hypersensitivity reactions in infected animals. The test suffers highly variable, and often poor, sensitivity with current estimates ranging from 50% to 80%. The lower sensitivities may be associated with early stages of infection, concurrent illness, and farm management conditions as well as the presence of sub-clinically infected carriers that can potentially escape detection. In addition, there was evidence that physiological stress can have a marked effect on the immune responses in animals affected with bTB. I conducted two different types of case-control analyses to investigate the potential effect of stress related events on the outcome of the SICCT test. In the first analysis, a matched design is implemented to examine the effect of recent calving on reactivity to the SICCT. SICCT test positive cattle (cases) were matched with test negative (control) animals within the same farm. By selecting herd-mates (i.e. animals within the same herd at the same time), the study aims to control for space and time. Furthermore, animal age and breed were used as additional selection criteria to control for previous exposure period and potential genetic variation to the reaction of SICCT test outcome. Results from a conditional logistic regression model indicated that animals calved within 60 days prior to test were less likely to respond to the SICCT test in comparison to non-recently calved animals, and that this effect was strongest in the first 2 weeks of the post-partum period. In the second analysis, animals identified with gross pathology at post-mortem (TB-like lesion and/or bacteria culture) and that were SICCT test negative within 60 days prior to slaughter (representing false negative) were compared with confirmed test positives (true positives). Results from multivariable logistic regression model suggested that the probability of missed infection by SICCT test increases with age and male cattle have higher odds of being a false negative compared to females. Repeated skin tests within 60 and 120 days, as well as recent movement and parturition, were all statistically associated with false negative test outcome. Under future surveillance systems, these results could be used to adjust the timings of testing relative to calving, movements and previous test occasions in order to minimise the risks of false negative test results. Alternatively, increasing the threshold for reactor definition in animals under these categories could be considered to complement the poor test sensitivity.
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Stevenson, Gilbert Buchanan. "An historical account of the social and ecological causes of Capercaillie Tetrao urogallus extinction and reintroduction in Scotland." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/356.
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The capercaillie is the largest member of the grouse family extant in Scotland. This species is reported to have become extinct during the 1700s. It is also reported to have been reintroduced to Scotland from Sweden during the 1800s. There have been many assertions made about the underlying causes of the decline of the species; however the specific causal factors remain unknown. The reintroduction of the capercaillie to Scotland in the 1800s is the only successful reintroduction of a grouse species ever to have occurred in the world. The specific factors behind the success of the reintroduction also remain unknown. This thesis examines the extent to which a selection of historical documentary evidence can help to establish both the causes of the 18th century decline of the capercaillie in Scotland and the successes of the 19th century reintroduction. The methodology of this thesis incorporates facets from the fields of both environmental science and history. The methodology includes three steps. The first step involves the selection of a series of potential critical factors that may have been responsible for the decline of the species in the 1700s; these critical factors were selected from the present day understanding of the ecology and the behaviour of the capercaillie. The second step of the methodology includes the surveying of a series of historical documentary sources. From these surveys historical observations of the species were gathered. The historical documentary sources selected for examination in this thesis include what are referred to here as ‘primary historical source material’ and ‘secondary historical source material’. The majority of the primary historical source material was gathered from the hand written manuscripts of the Breadalbane estate, held at the National Archives of Scotland (NAS) and the Atholl estate held at the Blair Castle Charter Room in Blair Atholl. Other select primary historical source material consulted to a lesser extent, due to time constraints, includes the Forfeited Estates (1745) Inventory and the Baron Court Records for Strathspey and Urquhart (1617–1683) from the Grant estate muniments; both held at the NAS. The secondary historical source material was gathered from published and edited literary collections that include historical accounts of the species. The third and final step of the methodology involves the synthesis of both the historical and environmental information in order to establish to what extent the causes of both the decline of the species in the 1700s and success of its reintroduction in the 1800s can be realised. The findings from this thesis assert that the capercaillie was resident in Scotland from, at least, the end of the Medieval. Moving forward from the Middle Ages this thesis presents observations of the capercaillie throughout the historical period. These observations of the capercaillie appear in many different historical accounts. In some instances these observations are fleeting and do not form the main subject of the particular document in question. In other instances accounts of the species are much more detailed and include references to the ecology and behaviour of the bird. The level of detail included in an observation aside, the frequency with which the species is referred to in the sample of historical documents suggests that sections of the Scottish human population were familiar with the species, in various locations and at various times throughout history. By the 17th century the capercaillie is reported as beginning to become rare in some locations while still remaining comparatively abundant in others. The number of instances where the species is referred to as becoming rare in the historical documents increases between the 17th and the 19th centuries. Despite the reported scarceness of the species in Scotland from around the 17th century onwards, the capercaillie is recorded as persisting in Scotland until around the end of the 1700s. By the early 1800s the number of observations of the species in the secondary historical source material increases. All of the observations in the secondary sources from the early 1800s record the absence of the species from localities and regions of Scotland. No new evidence was found in either the primary or secondary historical source material to challenge the supposition that the capercaillie did become extinct in Scotland after 1785. No detailed quantitative data was available for analysis of the decline of the species. Thus, to investigate the extent to which the historical accounts can help explain the specific causal factors of the reported decline, a synthesis of the environmental and historical data was necessary. The findings of this synthesis suggest that the naturally occurring Scottish population of capercaillie probably persisted in the form of a metapopulation. The two hundred years between the 17th and 19th century most likely saw the extinction of capercaillie sub-populations, before the loss of the overall population of capercaillie around 1785. The sample historical documentary evidence alludes to this pattern of local and/or regional extinction of sub-populations. The cause or causes of the extinction of these sub-populations has focussed on five limiting or critical factors known to affect the species today. These five factors are climate change, particularly weather effects associated with the Little Ice Age, habitat loss and deterioration, disturbance, human hunting and predation by species other than humans also contributed to the species’ extinction. The extent to which these critical factors affected each sub-population would have varied between regions of Scotland occupied by the capercaillie in history. This thesis proposes that there was no single or combination of specific critical factors that were ultimately responsible for the decline of the capercaillie in Scotland during the 1700s. In some areas the capercaillie sub-populations would have most likely died out as a result of habitat loss and deterioration and climate change. Whereas in others predation and inbreeding may have been the critical factors responsible for the species’ demise. More detailed information referring to the capercaillie was found in the historical documentary source material for the period post-extinction (i.e. 1800 onwards). Contrary to popular understanding numerous attempts to reintroduce the capercaillie to Scotland were carried out before the Marquis of Breadalbane’s successful programme in 1837. The historical documentary evidence reports early attempts to reintroduce the species to locations such as the Isle of Arran in 1807, on the Duke of Atholl’s estate in 1822 and on the Earl of Mar’s estate in 1824. None of these reintroduction programmes are reported to have been successful in establishing a ‘wild’ population. However, in some instances the captive rearing programmes initiated did bear some fruit and captive reared birds were sent from Dunkeld by the Duke of Atholl to Kenmore and were used in Breadalbane’s successful reintroduction in 1837. The historical documents report two causes for the failure of these early reintroduction attempts. The first is the sudden death of captive birds, most likely as a result of choking due to stress as observed in recent rearing programmes (i.e. Moss 1986). The reintroduced Arran population is reported to have become extinct in this fashion. The second reported cause of failure is predation by species other than man. For example the entire population of birds brought to Scotland by the Earl of Mar were predated when released on his estate. This thesis offers two critical factors as explanations for the remarkable success of the capercaillie’s reintroduction to Scotland in the 19th century. The first is the method by which the reintroduction was carried out; specifically, the re-establishment of a series of capercaillie sub-populations in different regions of Scotland.
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Kann, Lennart [Verfasser], and Rainer [Gutachter] Göb. "Statistical Failure Prediction with an Account for Prior Information / Lennart Kann ; Gutachter: Rainer Göb." Würzburg : Universität Würzburg, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1211959651/34.
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Bouaziz, Matthieu. "Statistical methods to account for different sources of bias in Genome-Wide association studies." Thesis, Evry-Val d'Essonne, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012EVRY0023/document.
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Les études d'association à grande échelle sont devenus un outil très performant pour détecter les variants génétiques associés aux maladies. Ce manuscrit de doctorat s'intéresse à plusieurs des aspects clés des nouvelles problématiques informatiques et statistiques qui ont émergé grâce à de telles recherches. Les résultats des études d'association à grande échelle sont critiqués, en partie, à cause du biais induit par la stratification des populations. Nous proposons une étude de comparaison des stratégies qui existent pour prendre en compte ce problème. Leurs avantages et limites sont discutés en s'appuyant sur divers scénarios de structure des populations dans le but de proposer des conseils et indications pratiques. Nous nous intéressons ensuite à l'interférence de la structure des populations dans la recherche génétique. Nous avons développé au cours de cette thèse un nouvel algorithme appelé SHIPS (Spectral Hierarchical clustering for the Inference of Population Structure). Cet algorithme a été appliqué à un ensemble de jeux de données simulés et réels, ainsi que de nombreux autres algorithmes utilisés en pratique à titre de comparaison. Enfin, la question du test multiple dans ces études d'association est abordée à plusieurs niveaux. Nous proposons une présentation générale des méthodes de tests multiples et discutons leur validité pour différents designs d'études. Nous nous concertons ensuite sur l'obtention de résultats interprétables aux niveaux de gènes, ce qui correspond à une problématique de tests multiples avec des tests dépendants. Nous discutons et analysons les différentes approches dédiées à cette finGenome-Wide association studies have become powerful tools to detect genetic variants associated with diseases. This PhD thesis focuses on several key aspects of the new computational and methodological problematics that have arisen with such research. The results of Genome-Wide association studies have been questioned, in part because of the bias induced by population stratification. Many stratégies are available to account for population stratification scenarios are highlighted in order to propose pratical guidelines to account for population stratification. We then focus on the inference of population structure that has many applications for genetic research. We have developed and present in this manuscript a new clustering algoritm called Spectral Hierarchical clustering for the Inference of Population Structure (SHIPS). This algorithm in the field to propose a comparison of their performances. Finally, the issue of multiple-testing in Genome-Wide association studies is discussed on several levels. We propose a review of the multiple-testing corrections and discuss their validity for different study settings. We then focus on deriving gene-wise interpretation of the findings that corresponds to multiple-stategy to obtain valid gene-disease association measures
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Marsden, Wendy. "From blood to data : an ethnographic account of the construction of the Generation Scotland population genetic database." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/2702.
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This thesis is an examination of a population genetic database as both a social and scientific entity. Science and social science usually operate in a dichotomy this is a synergy of the two. The thesis examines practices and processes, and reveals how the formation of the Generation Scotland assemblage is the producer of multiple disconnections and connections layered in the science, technology, objects, people and places. The story is based on a multi‐sited ethnography that moves from the medical setting of blood sample and data collection, through the practices and processes of the laboratory, to end up in the much more diffuse settings of computer analysis. The blood sample is transformed into digital genetic data, and then connected to diverse other data for research. It traces the transformation and aggregation of heterogeneous elements which will become fixed in the population genetic database through scientific ordering and relationships which will be rendered immutable by the technology. In the processes described here, people’s bodies, and information about them, are explicitly rendered as research ‘resources’. The thesis contributes to the growing knowledge of population genetic databases, and it is a response to calls from social science to understand better the science and technology that are currently changing the shape of the social world. Disconnections and connections are creating a framework of new referents between health and illness, identity and relationships in a way that rearticulates the body and the population.
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Hall, Lynsey Sylvia. "Identifying endophenotypes for depression in Generation Scotland : a Scottish family health study." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/28737.
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Depression is the most common psychiatric disorder and the leading cause of disability worldwide. Despite evidence for a genetic component, the genetic aetiology of this disorder remains elusive. To date, only one association study has identified and replicated risk loci for depression. This thesis focuses on aiding genetic discovery by revisiting the depressed phenotype and developing a quantitative trait, using data from Generation Scotland: The Scottish Family Health Study. These analyses aim to test whether this derived quantitative trait has improved statistical power to identify genetic risk variants for depression, relative to the binary classification of case/control. Measures of genetic covariation were used to evaluate and rank ten measures of mood, personality and cognitive ability as endophenotypes for depression. The highest ranking traits were subjected to principal component analysis, and the first principal component used as a quantitative measure of depression. This composite trait was compared to the binary classification of depression in terms of ability to identify risk loci in a genome-wide association study, and phenotypic variance explained by polygenic profile scores for psychiatric disorders. I also compared the composite trait to the univariate traits in terms of their ability to fulfill the endophenotype criteria as described by Gottesman and Gould, namely: being heritable, genetically and phenotypically correlated with depression, state independent, co-segregating with illness in families, and observed at a higher rate in unaffected relatives than in unrelated controls. Four out of ten traits fulfilled most endophenotype criteria, however, only two traits - neuroticism and the general health questionnaire (a measure of current psychological distress) - consistently ranked highest across all analyses. As such, three composite traits were derived incorporating two, three, or four traits. Association analyses of binary depression, univariate traits and composite traits yielded no genome-wide significant results, with most traits performing equivalently. However, composite traits were more heritable and more highly correlated with depression than their constituent traits, suggesting that analyzing these traits in combination was capturing more of the heritable component of depression. Polygenic scores for psychiatric disorders explained more trait variance for the composite traits than the univariate traits, and depression itself. Overall, whilst the composite traits generally obtained more significant results, they did not identify any further insight into the genetic aetiology of depression. This work therefore provides support for the urgent need to redefine the depressed phenotype based on objective and quantitative measures. This is essential for risk stratification, better diagnoses, novel target identification and improved treatment.
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Turner, M. St J. "Statistical analysis of geochemical data illustrated by reference to the Dalradian of N.E. Scotland." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/46827.
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Lenz, Lauren Holt. "Statistical Methods to Account for Gene-Level Covariates in Normalization of High-Dimensional Read-Count Data." DigitalCommons@USU, 2018. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/7392.
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The goal of genetic-based cancer research is often to identify which genes behave differently in cancerous and healthy tissue. This difference in behavior, referred to as differential expression, may lead researchers to more targeted preventative care and treatment. One way to measure the expression of genes is though a process called RNA-Seq, that takes physical tissue samples and maps gene products and fragments in the sample back to the gene that created it, resulting in a large read-count matrix with genes in the rows and a column for each sample. The read-counts for tumor and normal samples are then compared in a process called differential expression analysis. However, normalization of these read-counts is a necessary pre-processing step, in order to account for differences in the read-count values due to non-expression related variables. It is common in recent RNA-Seq normalization methods to also account for gene-level covariates, namely gene length in base pairs and GC-content, the proportion of bases in the gene that are Guanine and Cytosine.
Here a colorectal cancer RNA-Seq read-count data set comprised of 30,220 genes and 378 samples is examined. Two of the normalization methods that account for gene length and GC-content, CQN and EDASeq, are extended to account for protein coding status as a third gene-level covariate. The binary nature of protein coding status results in unique computation issues. The results of using the normalized read counts from CQN, EDASeq, and four new normalization methods are used for differential expression analysis via the nonparametric Wilcoxon Rank-Sum Test as well as the lme4 pipeline that produces per-gene models based on a negative binomial distribution. The resulting differential expression results are compared for two genes of interest in colorectal cancer, APC and CTNNB1, both of the WNT signaling pathway.
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Millns, Helen. "The application of statistical methods to the analysis of diet and coronary heart disease in Scotland." Thesis, University of Reading, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.262102.
Full textBooks on the topic "Statistical account of Scotland"
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Steven, Maisie. Parish life in eighteenth-century Scotland: A review of the Old Statistical Account. Aberdeen: Scottish Cultural Press, 1995.
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Gems of old Scotland: Scenes and stories from the Old statistical account of the eighteenth century. Glendaruel, Argyll, Scotland: Argyll, 2008.
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Wilson, Hunter William. A statistical account of Bengal. Calcutta: West Bengal District Gazetteers, Dept. of Higher Education, Govt. of West Bengal, 1997.
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MacDonald, F. Ian. The Parish of Lairg: Third statistical account. Inverness, UK: Highland Libraries, 1988.
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1941-, Herdman John, ed. The Third statistical account of Scotland. Edinburgh: Scottish Academic Press, 1992.
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The Third statistical account of Scotland. Edinburgh: Scottish Academic Press, 1992.
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Patrick, Cadell, ed. The Third statistical account of Scotland. Edinburgh: Scottish Academic Press, 1992.
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Herdman, John. County of Berwickshire (3rd Statistical Account of Scotland). Scottish Academic Press Ltd, 1992.
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Sons, W. Blackwood and. New Statistical Account of Scotland: Sutherland, Caithness, Orkney, Shetland, General Index. HardPress, 2020.
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Inverness 1793: A reprint from the first statistical account of Scotland. [Thurso]: [Pentland Press], 2001.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Statistical account of Scotland"
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Fraumeni, Barbara M. "National Account Statistics." In International Encyclopedia of Statistical Science, 937–39. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-04898-2_40.
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Hüttemann, Andreas, and Alexander Reutlinger. "Against the Statistical Account of Special Science Laws." In EPSA11 Perspectives and Foundational Problems in Philosophy of Science, 181–92. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-01306-0_15.
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Lewis, J. T. "The large deviation principle in statistical mechanics: an expository account." In Lecture Notes in Mathematics, 141–55. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bfb0077923.
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Boj, Eva, and Teresa Costa. "Logistic Classification for New Policyholders Taking into Account Prediction Error." In Mathematical and Statistical Methods for Actuarial Sciences and Finance, 161–65. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-89824-7_30.
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Peretto, P., M. Gordon, and M. Rodriguez-Girones. "A Brief Account of Statistical Theories of Learning and Generalization in Neural Networks." In Statistical Physics, Automata Networks and Dynamical Systems, 119–71. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-2578-9_5.
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Chauhan, Amit, and Manu Sood. "Sybil Account Detection in Online Social Networks Using Statistical Feature Selection Techniques." In Futuristic Trends in Networks and Computing Technologies, 605–18. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-4451-4_48.
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Sun, Ligang, Hani Dbouk, Ingo Neumann, Steffen Schön, and Vladik Kreinovich. "Taking into Account Interval (and Fuzzy) Uncertainty Can Lead to More Adequate Statistical Estimates." In Fuzzy Logic in Intelligent System Design, 371–81. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-67137-6_41.
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Walter, Michael, and Sandro Wartzack. "Statistical Tolerance-Cost-Optimization of Systems in Motion Taking into Account Different Kinds of Deviations." In Lecture Notes in Production Engineering, 705–14. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-30817-8_69.
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Groß, Thomas. "Statistical Reliability of 10 Years of Cyber Security User Studies." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 171–90. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-79318-0_10.
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AbstractBackground. In recent years, cyber security user studies have been appraised in meta-research, mostly focusing on the completeness of their statistical inferences and the fidelity of their statistical reporting. However, estimates of the field’s distribution of statistical power and its publication bias have not received much attention.Aim. In this study, we aim to estimate the effect sizes and their standard errors present as well as the implications on statistical power and publication bias.Method. We built upon a published systematic literature review of 146 user studies in cyber security (2006–2016). We took into account 431 statistical inferences including t-, $$\chi ^2$$ χ 2 -, r-, one-way F-tests, and Z-tests. In addition, we coded the corresponding total sample sizes, group sizes and test families. Given these data, we established the observed effect sizes and evaluated the overall publication bias. We further computed the statistical power vis-à-vis of parametrized population thresholds to gain unbiased estimates of the power distribution.Results. We obtained a distribution of effect sizes and their conversion into comparable log odds ratios together with their standard errors. We, further, gained funnel-plot estimates of the publication bias present in the sample as well as insights into the power distribution and its consequences.Conclusions. Through the lenses of power and publication bias, we shed light on the statistical reliability of the studies in the field. The upshot of this introspection is practical recommendations on conducting and evaluating studies to advance the field.
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Durner, Edward F. "Variation and the analysis of variance (ANOVA)." In Applied plant science experimental design and statistical analysis using the SAS® OnDemand for Academics, 44–46. Wallingford: CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789249927.0005.
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Abstract This chapter focuses on analysis of variance (ANOVA). The goal of applied statistics is to account for the variability observed in an experiment and determine whether it is random or due to a treatment effect. Responses to treatment(s) are evaluated by a systematic accounting of variation called the analysis of variance, or ANOVA, where variability is attributed to various sources. The sources of variability and complexity of an ANOVA depend on an experiment's design and treatment structure. When an experimental design effectively and efficiently holds the treatments of an experiment, the ANOVA is simple and quite elegant. When the experimental design and/or the treatment structure is or are not appropriate for the experiment or each other, the analysis can be cumbersome and difficult.
Conference papers on the topic "Statistical account of Scotland"
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de Andrés, Adrián D., Raúl Guanche, César Vidal, and Íñigo J. Losada. "Location Targeting for Wave Energy Deployment From an Operation and Maintenance Perspective." In ASME 2015 34th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2015-41076.
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When looking for a location for a wave energy converter (WEC) installation, developers usually look for sites with high or very high wave energy resource. From this perspective, countries like Scotland or Ireland have made great effort to include this energy source in their energy mix due to their expected high untapped potential. However, higher resource carries marine operation restrictions. Because of that, the selection of a site for a WEC deployment, the installation, operation and maintenance factors have to be considered from the beginning. In this work an analysis of the suitable locations for the development of wave energy is performed based on the operation and maintenance (O&M) parameters. This study is performed across the globe coastlines taking the met-ocean climate data from Reguero et al (2011) global reanalysis database (GOW) developed at IH Cantabria. Firstly, an analysis of the global availability and accessibility levels is performed all around the globe taking different wave height thresholds into account. Seven specific locations (North-West Denmark, West of Ireland, Chile, North of Spain, West Portugal, South-West Australia and North of Scotland) with high interest on wave energy have been further analyzed and compared. Secondly, the O&M access limits are quantified in terms of the weather windows and the waiting period between available weather windows. A statistical analysis of these parameters is performed within different weather windows lengths (6 h, 12 h and 24 h). The seasonality of these parameters is also analyzed. Finally, a failure analysis will be carried out, simulating the repair operation along the lifecycle of the device for different failure rates and waiting times. The affection of this failure and repair scheme over the power production of a device analyzed previously in Andres et al (2014) will be presented. In this study, some locations with high resource (Spain, Nova Scotia) lead to medium to high accessibilities/availabilities due to the balance between resource and persistence of the weather conditions. Some locations with high resource such as Chile or Australia resulted inaccessible during very long periods of time due to the persistence of severe conditions and then not very recommended for novel converters with uncertain failure rates.
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Farhang, K., and A. Elhomani. "A Statistical Account of Asperity Heating in a Rough Surface Contact." In ASME/STLE 2007 International Joint Tribology Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ijtc2007-44461.
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When two rough surfaces are in sliding contact an asperity on a surface would experience intermittent temperature flashes as it comes in momentary contact with asperities on a second surface. The frequency of the flash temperatures, their strength and duration depend, in addition to the sliding speed, on the topology of the two surfaces. In this paper a model is developed for the work-heat relation with a consideration of the above-mentioned intermittent nature of contact. The work of friction on one asperity is derived in integral form and closed-form equations. The rate of generation of heat is found due to a single asperity. Using the statistical account of asperity friction heat generation, rate of heat generation between two rough surfaces is obtained both in statistical integral form and in the approximate closed form.
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Poudalov, Aleksey D., and Vladimir G. Mazur. "Model of Additional Error of Measuring Transducers Taking into Account Statistical Bonding." In 2018 XIV International Scientific-Technical Conference on Actual Problems of Electronics Instrument Engineering (APEIE). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/apeie.2018.8545063.
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Peng, Heping, and Zhuoqun Peng. "Taking the Effects of Material Conditions into Account in Statistical Tolerance Analysis." In 2021 12th International Conference on Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering (ICMAE). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icmae52228.2021.9522466.
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Thomas, Rob. "A statistical approach to account for elevated levels of uncertainty during geotechnical design." In 2013 International Symposium on Slope Stability in Open Pit Mining and Civil Engineering. Australian Centre for Geomechanics, Perth, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.36487/acg_rep/1308_19_thomas.
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Vela´zquez, J. C., F. Caleyo, A. Valor, J. M. Hallen, J. H. Espina-Herna´ndez, and A. Lo´pez-Montenegro. "Statistical Modeling of Pitting Corrosion in Buried Pipelines Taking Into Account Soil Properties." In 2008 7th International Pipeline Conference. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2008-64140.
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Small leaks caused by external pitting corrosion are the leading cause of failure in oil and gas pipelines in many regions of Mexico. Because of this, the need for realistic and reliable pitting corrosion growth models that are capable of accounting for the chemical and physical properties of soils and pipeline coatings is especially great. In this work, maximum pit depths and soil and coating data that were gathered at excavation sites across southern Mexico are used to investigate the impact of soil and pipe characteristics on pitting corrosion in buried pipelines. Soil field-measurements included resistivity, pH, pipe-to-soil potential, humidity, chloride, bicarbonate and sulphate levels, redox potential, soil texture and coating type. Together with the local physical chemistry of the soil and the coating characteristics, the maximum pit depth and pipeline’s age were recorded at more than 250 dig sites. The time dependence of the maximum pit depth was modeled as ymax = β(t−t0)α, with β and α being positive constants, t being the pipe’s age and t0 the pit initiation time. A multivariate regression analysis was conducted with ymax as the dependent variable, while the pipeline’ age and the soil and pipe properties were used as the independent variables. The optimal dependence of β and α on these variables was found and predictive models were proposed to describe the time dependence of the average maximum pit depth and growth rate on soil and pipe properties. Besides the creation of a generic model fitted to all the gathered data, a model was proposed for each one of the three soil types identified in this study: clay, clay-loam and sandy-clay-loam. It is shown that the application of the proposed model allows for prediction of corrosion pit growth more accurately than previous models and that this improvement positively impacts on integrity management plans that address the threat posed by external pitting corrosion.
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Vaganova, A. A., N. N. Kisel, and A. I. Panychev. "Statistical Account of the Obstacle Position in a MIMO System Channel Matrix Indoors." In 2020 Moscow Workshop on Electronic and Networking Technologies (MWENT). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mwent47943.2020.9067462.
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Cap, Fabienne, Manju Nirmal, Marion Weller, and Sabine Schulte im Walde. "How to Account for Idiomatic German Support Verb Constructions in Statistical Machine Translation." In Proceedings of the 11th Workshop on Multiword Expressions. Stroudsburg, PA, USA: Association for Computational Linguistics, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.3115/v1/w15-0903.
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Brindavan, Hemanthkumar, and Madara Ogot. "A Direct Statistical Formulation to Account for Uncertainty in Mechanical Design: Proof-of-Concept." In ASME 2001 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2001/dac-21109.
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Abstract In recent years there has been an increased need to account for uncertainty in design as industry strives to reduce the amount of physical prototyping in favor of faster and cheaper computer simulations. Traditionally, incorporation of uncertainty in design models has been achieved mainly through either Monte Carlo simulations or Mean Value (MV) approximations. The former, while relatively accurate, can be computationally prohibitive. MV approximations on the other hand, trade accuracy for higher computational speed. The proposed direct statistical formulation is a Corrected Mean Value (CMV) approximation. The CMV exploits the correlation between the parameter coefficients of variation and the fractional error incurred using the MV approach to determine appropriate correction factors. Multiplication of the MV approximation by the correction term significantly reduces the error, without sacrificing computational speed. The approach therefore presents a more accurate approximation of the expected value of a function. This paper presents a numerical proof-of-concept of the CMV formulation. Several examples are presented to illustrate the efficacy of the proposed methodology.
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Sepehri, A., and K. Farhang. "A Multi-Scale Account of Friction-Vibration Interaction." In STLE/ASME 2008 International Joint Tribology Conference. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ijtc2008-71256.
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Using a nonlinear model of a two disk brake system, coupled equations of motion are found for their frictional interaction. The mathematical formulation relates the tribological events at micron scale and the macroscopic scale vibration response of a two-disk brake system. This is accomplished by a viscoelastic account of interaction at the micron scale, its statistical quantification through the approximate analytical representation of the statistical expectation of contact force and the introduction of the contact force into the macro-scale dynamics of the two-disk system. Steady-state analysis of the system establishes the relation between friction torque and speed and supports observed behavior of many mechanical systems with friction. It is shown that, as a result of coupling of the macro-system’s dynamics and contact, there are combinations of parameters at the micro- and macro-scale that yield negative slope in friction torque/sliding speed relation, a well known source of dynamic instability. This results in an effective negative damping that tends to decrease with decrease in the normal load and/or increase in structural damping of the system.
Reports on the topic "Statistical account of Scotland"
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Downes, Jane, ed. Chalcolithic and Bronze Age Scotland: ScARF Panel Report. Society for Antiquaries of Scotland, September 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.9750/scarf.09.2012.184.
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The main recommendations of the panel report can be summarised under five key headings: Building the Scottish Bronze Age: Narratives should be developed to account for the regional and chronological trends and diversity within Scotland at this time. A chronology Bronze Age Scotland: ScARF Panel Report iv based upon Scottish as well as external evidence, combining absolute dating (and the statistical modelling thereof) with re-examined typologies based on a variety of sources – material cultural, funerary, settlement, and environmental evidence – is required to construct a robust and up to date framework for advancing research. Bronze Age people: How society was structured and demographic questions need to be imaginatively addressed including the degree of mobility (both short and long-distance communication), hierarchy, and the nature of the ‘family’ and the ‘individual’. A range of data and methodologies need to be employed in answering these questions, including harnessing experimental archaeology systematically to inform archaeologists of the practicalities of daily life, work and craft practices. Environmental evidence and climate impact: The opportunity to study the effects of climatic and environmental change on past society is an important feature of this period, as both palaeoenvironmental and archaeological data can be of suitable chronological and spatial resolution to be compared. Palaeoenvironmental work should be more effectively integrated within Bronze Age research, and inter-disciplinary approaches promoted at all stages of research and project design. This should be a two-way process, with environmental science contributing to interpretation of prehistoric societies, and in turn, the value of archaeological data to broader palaeoenvironmental debates emphasised. Through effective collaboration questions such as the nature of settlement and land-use and how people coped with environmental and climate change can be addressed. Artefacts in Context: The Scottish Chalcolithic and Bronze Age provide good evidence for resource exploitation and the use, manufacture and development of technology, with particularly rich evidence for manufacture. Research into these topics requires the application of innovative approaches in combination. This could include biographical approaches to artefacts or places, ethnographic perspectives, and scientific analysis of artefact composition. In order to achieve this there is a need for data collation, robust and sustainable databases and a review of the categories of data. Wider Worlds: Research into the Scottish Bronze Age has a considerable amount to offer other European pasts, with a rich archaeological data set that includes intact settlement deposits, burials and metalwork of every stage of development that has been the subject of a long history of study. Research should operate over different scales of analysis, tracing connections and developments from the local and regional, to the international context. In this way, Scottish Bronze Age studies can contribute to broader questions relating both to the Bronze Age and to human society in general.
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Saville, Alan, and Caroline Wickham-Jones, eds. Palaeolithic and Mesolithic Scotland : Scottish Archaeological Research Framework Panel Report. Society for Antiquaries of Scotland, June 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.9750/scarf.06.2012.163.
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Why research Palaeolithic and Mesolithic Scotland? Palaeolithic and Mesolithic archaeology sheds light on the first colonisation and subsequent early inhabitation of Scotland. It is a growing and exciting field where increasing Scottish evidence has been given wider significance in the context of European prehistory. It extends over a long period, which saw great changes, including substantial environmental transformations, and the impact of, and societal response to, climate change. The period as a whole provides the foundation for the human occupation of Scotland and is crucial for understanding prehistoric society, both for Scotland and across North-West Europe. Within the Palaeolithic and Mesolithic periods there are considerable opportunities for pioneering research. Individual projects can still have a substantial impact and there remain opportunities for pioneering discoveries including cemeteries, domestic and other structures, stratified sites, and for exploring the huge evidential potential of water-logged and underwater sites. Palaeolithic and Mesolithic archaeology also stimulates and draws upon exciting multi-disciplinary collaborations. Panel Task and Remit The panel remit was to review critically the current state of knowledge and consider promising areas of future research into the earliest prehistory of Scotland. This was undertaken with a view to improved understanding of all aspects of the colonization and inhabitation of the country by peoples practising a wholly hunter-fisher-gatherer way of life prior to the advent of farming. In so doing, it was recognised as particularly important that both environmental data (including vegetation, fauna, sea level, and landscape work) and cultural change during this period be evaluated. The resultant report, outlines the different areas of research in which archaeologists interested in early prehistory work, and highlights the research topics to which they aspire. The report is structured by theme: history of investigation; reconstruction of the environment; the nature of the archaeological record; methodologies for recreating the past; and finally, the lifestyles of past people – the latter representing both a statement of current knowledge and the ultimate aim for archaeologists; the goal of all the former sections. The document is reinforced by material on-line which provides further detail and resources. The Palaeolithic and Mesolithic panel report of ScARF is intended as a resource to be utilised, built upon, and kept updated, hopefully by those it has helped inspire and inform as well as those who follow in their footsteps. Future Research The main recommendations of the panel report can be summarized under four key headings: Visibility: Due to the considerable length of time over which sites were formed, and the predominant mobility of the population, early prehistoric remains are to be found right across the landscape, although they often survive as ephemeral traces and in low densities. Therefore, all archaeological work should take into account the expectation of Palaeolithic and Mesolithic ScARF Panel Report iv encountering early prehistoric remains. This applies equally to both commercial and research archaeology, and to amateur activity which often makes the initial discovery. This should not be seen as an obstacle, but as a benefit, and not finding such remains should be cause for question. There is no doubt that important evidence of these periods remains unrecognised in private, public, and commercial collections and there is a strong need for backlog evaluation, proper curation and analysis. The inadequate representation of Palaeolithic and Mesolithic information in existing national and local databases must be addressed. Collaboration: Multi-disciplinary, collaborative, and cross- sector approaches must be encouraged – site prospection, prediction, recognition, and contextualisation are key areas to this end. Reconstructing past environments and their chronological frameworks, and exploring submerged and buried landscapes offer existing examples of fruitful, cross-disciplinary work. Palaeolithic and Mesolithic archaeology has an important place within Quaternary science and the potential for deeply buried remains means that geoarchaeology should have a prominent role. Innovation: Research-led projects are currently making a substantial impact across all aspects of Palaeolithic and Mesolithic archaeology; a funding policy that acknowledges risk and promotes the innovation that these periods demand should be encouraged. The exploration of lesser known areas, work on different types of site, new approaches to artefacts, and the application of novel methodologies should all be promoted when engaging with the challenges of early prehistory. Tackling the ‘big questions’: Archaeologists should engage with the big questions of earliest prehistory in Scotland, including the colonisation of new land, how lifestyles in past societies were organized, the effects of and the responses to environmental change, and the transitions to new modes of life. This should be done through a holistic view of the available data, encompassing all the complexities of interpretation and developing competing and testable models. Scottish data can be used to address many of the currently topical research topics in archaeology, and will provide a springboard to a better understanding of early prehistoric life in Scotland and beyond.
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Stark, Sasha, Heather Wardle, and Isabel Burdett. Examining lottery play and risk among young people in Great Britain. GREO, April 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.33684/2021.002.
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Purpose & Significance: Despite the popularity of lottery and scratchcards and some evidence of gambling problems among players, limited research focuses on the risks of lottery and scratchcard play and predictors of problems, especially among young people. The purpose of this project is to examine whether lottery and scratchcard participation is related to gambling problems among 16-24 year olds in Great Britain and whether general and mental health and gambling behaviours explain this relationship. Methodology: Samples of 16-24 year olds were pooled from the 2012, 2015, and 2016 Gambling in England and Scotland: Combined Data from the Health Survey for England and the Scottish Health Survey (n=3,454). Bivariate analyses and Firth method logistic regression were used to examine the relationship between past-year lottery and scratchcard participation and gambling problems, assessing the attenuating role of mental wellbeing, mental health disorders, self-assessed general health, and playing other games in past year. Results: There is a significant association between scratchcard play and gambling problems. The association somewhat attenuated but remained significant after taking into account wellbeing, mental health disorders, general health, and engagement in other gambling activities. Findings also show that gambling problems are further predicted by age (20-24 years), gender (male), lower wellbeing, and playing any other gambling games. Implications: Results are valuable for informing youth-focused education, decisions around the legal age for National Lottery products, and the development of safer gambling initiatives for high risk groups and behaviours, such as scratchcard play.
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Felipe, Jesus, Scott Fullwiler, Donna Faye Bajaro, Al-Habbyel Yusoph, Simon Alec Askin, and Martin Alexander Cruz. An Analysis of the Worldwide Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic: What and How Much? Asian Development Bank, December 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.22617/wps200353-2.
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This paper analyzes the packages implemented by the 68 members of the Asian Development Bank (ADB), plus the European Central Bank and the European Union, to combat the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. Using the ADB COVID-19 Policy Database, the paper (i) provides a detailed account of the measures taken and the amounts announced between 20 April and 15 June; (ii) discusses the specifics of five Asian economies by comparing their financial packages qualitatively and quantitatively; and (iii) includes a statistical analysis to understand what determines the size of a package, which allows comparison between actual and estimated packages, given the correlates.
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Bates, C. Richards, Melanie Chocholek, Clive Fox, John Howe, and Neil Jones. Scottish Inshore Fisheries Integrated Data System (SIFIDS): Work package (3) final report development of a novel, automated mechanism for the collection of scallop stock data. Edited by Mark James and Hannah Ladd-Jones. Marine Alliance for Science and Technology for Scotland (MASTS), 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.15664/10023.23449.
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[Extract from Executive Summary] This project, aimed at the development of a novel, automated mechanism for the collection of scallop stock data was a sub-part of the Scottish Inshore Fisheries Integrated Data Systems (SIFIDS) project. The project reviewed the state-of-the-art remote sensing (geophysical and camera-based) technologies available from industry and compared these to inexpensive, off-the -shelf equipment. Sea trials were conducted on scallop dredge sites and also hand-dived scallop sites. Data was analysed manually, and tests conducted with automated processing methods. It was concluded that geophysical acoustic technologies cannot presently detect individual scallop but the remote sensing technologies can be used for broad scale habitat mapping of scallop harvest areas. Further, the techniques allow for monitoring these areas in terms of scallop dredging impact. Camera (video and still) imagery is effective for scallop count and provide data that compares favourably with diver-based ground truth information for recording scallop density. Deployment of cameras is possible through inexpensive drop-down camera frames which it is recommended be deployed on a wide area basis for further trials. In addition, implementation of a ‘citizen science’ approach to wide area recording is suggested to increase the stock assessment across the widest possible variety of seafloor types around Scotland. Armed with such data a full, statistical analysis could be completed and data used with automated processing routines for future long-term monitoring of stock.
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Halych, Valentyna. SERHII YEFREMOV’S COOPERATION WITH THE WESTERN UKRAINIAN PRESS: MEMORIAL RECEPTION. Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, February 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vjo.2021.49.11055.
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The subject of the study is the cooperation of S. Efremov with Western Ukrainian periodicals as a page in the history of Ukrainian journalism which covers the relationship of journalists and scientists of Eastern and Western Ukraine at the turn of the XIX-XX centuries. Research methods (biographical, historical, comparative, axiological, statistical, discursive) develop the comprehensive disclosure of the article. As a result of scientific research, the origins of Ukrainocentrism in the personality of S. Efremov were clarified; his person as a public figure, journalist, publisher, literary critic is multifaceted; taking into account the specifics of the memoir genre and with the involvement of the historical context, the turning points in the destiny of the author of memoirs are interpreted, revealing cooperation with Western Ukrainian magazines and newspapers. The publications ‘Zoria’, ‘Narod’, ‘Pravda’, ‘Bukovyna’, ‘Dzvinok’, are secretly got into sub-Russian Ukraine, became for S. Efremov a spiritual basis in understanding the specifics of the national (Ukrainian) mass media, ideas of education in culture of Ukraine at the end of XIX century, its territorial integrity, and state independence. Memoirs of S. Efremov on cooperation with the iconic Galician journals ‘Notes of the Scientific Society after the name Shevchenko’ and ‘Literary-Scientific Bulletin’, testify to an important stage in the formation of the author’s worldview, the expansion of the genre boundaries of his journalism, active development as a literary critic. S. Yefremov collaborated most fruitfully and for a long time with the Literary-Scientific Bulletin, and he was impressed by the democratic position of this publication. The author’s comments reveal a long-running controversy over the publication of a review of the new edition of Kobzar and thematically related discussions around his other literary criticism, in which the talent of the demanding critic was forged. S. Efremov steadfastly defended the main principles of literary criticism: objectivity and freedom of author’s thought. The names of the allies of the Ukrainian idea L. Skochkovskyi, O. Lototskyi, O. Konyskyi, P. Zhytskyi, M. Hrushevskyi in S. Efremov’s memoirs unfold in multifaceted portrait descriptions and function as historical and cultural facts that document the pages of the author’s biography, record his activities in space and time. The results of the study give grounds to characterize S. Efremov as the first professional Ukrainian-speaking journalist.
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Financial Stability Report - September 2015. Banco de la República, August 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.32468/rept-estab-fin.sem2.eng-2015.
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From this edition, the Financial Stability Report will have fewer pages with some changes in its structure. The purpose of this change is to present the most relevant facts of the financial system and their implications on the financial stability. This allows displaying the analysis more concisely and clearly, as it will focus on describing the evolution of the variables that have the greatest impact on the performance of the financial system, for estimating then the effect of a possible materialization of these risks on the financial health of the institutions. The changing dynamics of the risks faced by the financial system implies that the content of the Report adopts this new structure; therefore, some analyses and series that were regularly included will not necessarily be in each issue. However, the statistical annex that accompanies the publication of the Report will continue to present the series that were traditionally included, regardless of whether or not they are part of the content of the Report. In this way we expect to contribute in a more comprehensive way to the study and analysis of the stability of the Colombian financial system. Executive Summary During the first half of 2015, the main advanced economies showed a slow recovery on their growth, while emerging economies continued with their slowdown trend. Domestic demand in the United States allowed for stabilization on its average growth for the first half of the year, while other developed economies such as the United Kingdom, the euro zone, and Japan showed a more gradual recovery. On the other hand, the Chinese economy exhibited the lowest growth rate in five years, which has resulted in lower global dynamism. This has led to a fall in prices of the main export goods of some Latin American economies, especially oil, whose price has also responded to a larger global supply. The decrease in the terms of trade of the Latin American economies has had an impact on national income, domestic demand, and growth. This scenario has been reflected in increases in sovereign risk spreads, devaluations of stock indices, and depreciation of the exchange rates of most countries in the region. For Colombia, the fall in oil prices has also led to a decline in the terms of trade, resulting in pressure on the dynamics of national income. Additionally, the lower demand for exports helped to widen the current account deficit. This affected the prospects and economic growth of the country during the first half of 2015. This economic context could have an impact on the payment capacity of debtors and on the valuation of investments, affecting the soundness of the financial system. However, the results of the analysis featured in this edition of the Report show that, facing an adverse scenario, the vulnerability of the financial system in terms of solvency and liquidity is low. The analysis of the current situation of credit institutions (CI) shows that growth of the gross loan portfolio remained relatively stable, as well as the loan portfolio quality indicators, except for microcredit, which showed a decrease in these indicators. Regarding liabilities, traditional sources of funding have lost market share versus non-traditional ones (bonds, money market operations and in the interbank market), but still represent more than 70%. Moreover, the solvency indicator remained relatively stable. As for non-banking financial institutions (NBFI), the slowdown observed during the first six months of 2015 in the real annual growth of the assets total, both in the proprietary and third party position, stands out. The analysis of the main debtors of the financial system shows that indebtedness of the private corporate sector has increased in the last year, mostly driven by an increase in the debt balance with domestic and foreign financial institutions. However, the increase in this latter source of funding has been influenced by the depreciation of the Colombian peso vis-à-vis the US dollar since mid-2014. The financial indicators reflected a favorable behavior with respect to the historical average, except for the profitability indicators; although they were below the average, they have shown improvement in the last year. By economic sector, it is noted that the firms focused on farming, mining and transportation activities recorded the highest levels of risk perception by credit institutions, and the largest increases in default levels with respect to those observed in December 2014. Meanwhile, households have shown an increase in the financial burden, mainly due to growth in the consumer loan portfolio, in which the modalities of credit card, payroll deductible loan, revolving and vehicle loan are those that have reported greater increases in risk indicators. On the side of investments that could be affected by the devaluation in the portfolio of credit institutions and non-banking financial institutions (NBFI), the largest share of public debt securities, variable-yield securities and domestic private debt securities is highlighted. The value of these portfolios fell between February and August 2015, driven by the devaluation in the market of these investments throughout the year. Furthermore, the analysis of the liquidity risk indicator (LRI) shows that all intermediaries showed adequate levels and exhibit a stable behavior. Likewise, the fragility analysis of the financial system associated with the increase in the use of non-traditional funding sources does not evidence a greater exposure to liquidity risk. Stress tests assess the impact of the possible joint materialization of credit and market risks, and reveal that neither the aggregate solvency indicator, nor the liquidity risk indicator (LRI) of the system would be below the established legal limits. The entities that result more individually affected have a low share in the total assets of the credit institutions; therefore, a risk to the financial system as a whole is not observed. José Darío Uribe Governor