Relevant bibliographies by topics / Statistical examples

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Statistical examples'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Statistical examples"

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Hare, Lynne B. "Statistical Engineering: Principles and Examples." Quality Engineering 24, no. 2 (April 2012): 153–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08982112.2012.641144.

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Seung, H. S., H. Sompolinsky, and N. Tishby. "Statistical mechanics of learning from examples." Physical Review A 45, no. 8 (April 1, 1992): 6056–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physreva.45.6056.

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Schonlau, Matthias, and Rosie Yuyan Zou. "The random forest algorithm for statistical learning." Stata Journal: Promoting communications on statistics and Stata 20, no. 1 (March 2020): 3–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1536867x20909688.

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Random forests (Breiman, 2001, Machine Learning 45: 5–32) is a statistical- or machine-learning algorithm for prediction. In this article, we introduce a corresponding new command, rforest. We overview the random forest algorithm and illustrate its use with two examples: The first example is a classification problem that predicts whether a credit card holder will default on his or her debt. The second example is a regression problem that predicts the logscaled number of shares of online news articles. We conclude with a discussion that summarizes key points demonstrated in the examples.
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Hwa, Rebecca. "Sample Selection for Statistical Parsing." Computational Linguistics 30, no. 3 (September 2004): 253–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/0891201041850894.

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Corpus-based statistical parsing relies on using large quantities of annotated text as training examples. Building this kind of resource is expensive and labor-intensive. This work proposes to use sample selection to find helpful training examples and reduce human effort spent on annotating less informative ones. We consider several criteria for predicting whether unlabeled data might be a helpful training example. Experiments are performed across two syntactic learning tasks and within the single task of parsing across two learning models to compare the effect of different predictive criteria. We find that sample selection can significantly reduce the size of annotated training corpora and that uncertainty is a robust predictive criterion that can be easily applied to different learning models.
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Stanley, H. Eugene. "Correlated randomness: Some examples of exotic statistical physics." Pramana 64, no. 5 (May 2005): 645–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02704574.

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NAKAO, Kento, Yuta NARUKAWA, and Seiji MIYOSHI. "Statistical Mechanics of On-Line Learning Using Correlated Examples." IEICE Transactions on Information and Systems E94-D, no. 10 (2011): 1941–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1587/transinf.e94.d.1941.

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Ziegel, Eric R., and Glenn A. Walker. "Common Statistical Methods for Clinical Research with SAS Examples." Technometrics 41, no. 2 (May 1999): 179. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1270753.

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Mooney, Christopher Z. "Bootstrap Statistical Inference: Examples and Evaluations for Political Science." American Journal of Political Science 40, no. 2 (May 1996): 570. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2111639.

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Scinto, Philip R. "Statistical Engineering Examples in the Engine Oil Additive Industry." Quality Engineering 23, no. 2 (March 2, 2011): 125–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08982112.2011.555439.

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Mvududu, Nyaradzo, and Gibbs Y. Kanyongo. "Using Real Life Examples to Teach Abstract Statistical Concepts." Teaching Statistics 33, no. 1 (January 9, 2011): 12–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9639.2009.00404.x.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Statistical examples"

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Lindsey, Heidi Lula. "An Introduction to Bayesian Methodology via WinBUGS and PROC MCMC." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2011. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/2784.

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Bayesian statistical methods have long been computationally out of reach because the analysis often requires integration of high-dimensional functions. Recent advancements in computational tools to apply Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) methods are making Bayesian data analysis accessible for all statisticians. Two such computer tools are Win-BUGS and SASR 9.2's PROC MCMC. Bayesian methodology will be introduced through discussion of fourteen statistical examples with code and computer output to demonstrate the power of these computational tools in a wide variety of settings.
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Santos, Cristina Maria Nogueira da Costa. "Statistical methods of assessing agreement for measurements: examples on Obstetrics and gynecology." Tese, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10216/55360.

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Santos, Cristina Maria Nogueira da Costa. "Statistical methods of assessing agreement for measurements: examples on Obstetrics and gynecology." Doctoral thesis, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10216/55360.

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Novák, Marek. "Zadání a statistické řešení výzkumné úlohy." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-10407.

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This thesis is intent on the introduction to problems of statistical approach to research tasks. It focuses on research assignments, position of research worker and statistician while analyzing, ways of gathering data files and problems connected with them, main types of multivariate statistical methods and possible views of their classification. Moreover, this work includes overview of examples of research assignments, possibilities of their solutions and related data files. First chapter describes statistical approach to the research assignments, and the second one shows concrete examples of these assignments. The enclosed CD includes data files to most of the statistical examples.
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Vlnas, Pavel. "Management výuky statistických předmětů v kombinovaném studiu." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-19175.

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Currently, there is an urgent need to conduct analysis of teaching statistical courses at the Faculty of Management University of Economics in Prague in order to analyze the current teaching methods, which are at the time of this thesis in the current academic year 2009-2010. Another aim is to propose a new method of teaching that reflect emerging trends in education, which would help students to understand and absorb the learning.
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Puig, Caminal Roger. "Multi-isotopic and statistical approaches to trace nitrate pollution sources and assess natural attenuation in groundwater: examples from nitrate vulnerable zones in Catalonia (NE Spain)." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/284992.

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In the last decades, anthropogenic inputs of nitrogen to groundwater have dramatically increased, and they nowadays represent one of the most important water resources concerns as NO3-N has become the most ubiquitous chemical contaminant in the world's aquifers. Agriculture, farming activities and wastewater seepage are the main anthropogenic sources of water contamination in rural areas. Another factor that is known to contribute to the decline of groundwater quality is excessive groundwater withdrawal in relation to the natural average recharge. Intensive groundwater exploitation regimes largely disturb hydrogeological systems modifying natural flow paths, altering relationships between groundwater recharge/discharge areas and modifying the flux among aquifer formations. All these human activities have affected the rates and quality of groundwater resources. In order to address these issues, the origin, fate and transport of nitrate in groundwater have been extensively studied over the past decades. Stable isotope ratios of NO3 (d15N and d18ONO3), SO42-(d34S and d18OSO4), B (d11B) and C (d13CHCO3) have come to be successful tracers of pollution sources, and useful for assessing physico-chemical processes that affect pollutant fate. Aiming to fingerprint nitrate and sulfate sources and determine whether natural attenuation of pollution is occurring in groundwater, two nitrate vulnerable zones in Catalonia (NE Spain), the Selva and Baix Ter basins, have been studied applying multi-isotope and statistical approaches, in the frame of their hydrogeological settings. Both basins are characterized by regional and local, heterogeneous groundwater flow systems, disturbed by groundwater withdrawal from the different aquifer formations and at distinct rates and frequencies depending on the final water use (mainly for irrigation and for urban and farm supplies). In accordance with potentiometric, hydrochemical and isotopic data, the hydrogeology of the Selva hydrogeological system has been described in order to characterize the alteration brought about in the system by intensive current groundwater withdrawal, and to define the resulting groundwater hydrodynamics. Hydraulic head data indicate the relationships between geological formations in the range areas and the sedimentary infill of the basin. Tectonic elements, such as fault zones and the basement fracture network, play a significant role in the flow behavior, since they have a direct effect on the recharge and allow upward vertical flow to the aquifers constituted by the sedimentary infilling. The use of fluoride and nitrate as tracers for the contribution of deep and shallow flow systems, respectively, provides a detailed portrait of the effects of pumping on the flow path distribution. Therefore, two distinct flow systems, with specific groundwater qualities, have been identified: a regional, large-scale, longer residence time nitrate-free system, recharged from the surrounding ranges, and a local flow system fed by rainfall infiltration in the lower areas of the basin, and affected by anthropogenic activities. The interaction between both flow systems produces a dilution effect that modifies nitrate concentration. Indeed, hydrochemical data, along with d15N, d18ONO3, d34S, d18OSO4 and d13CHCO3 information, confirmed mixing between regional and local flow systems. The d15N, d18ONO3 and d34S indicated that the predominant sources of contamination in the basin are pig manure and synthetic fertilizers. Apart from dilution processes that can contribute to the decrease of nitrate concentrations, the positive correlation between d15N and d18ONO3 agreed with the occurrence of denitrification processes. The d34S and d18OSO4 indicated that oxidation of pyrites is not linked to denitrification, suggesting organic matter to be an electron donor. However, d13CHCO3 did not point to the occurrence of organic matter oxidation. Thus, it is proposed that the mixing processes between deeper regional and local surface groundwater allow denitrification to occur due to the reducing conditions of the regional groundwater. Results in the Baix Ter basin show a large range of groundwater nitrate concentrations, from no nitrate to up to 480 mg NO3 L-1. In the studied fluvio-deltaic formations d15N and d18ONO3 prove that natural denitrification is occurring, and in combination with d11B, confirm that pig manure application is the main vector of nitrate pollution, although sewage and mineral fertilizers are also isotopically fingerprinted. The natural reduction of nitrate happens in near­river environments and in areas hydrologically related to fault zones. d34S and d18OSO4 indicate that denitrification is not linked to the pyrite oxidation, but rather to the oxidation of organic matter. A statistical treatment attending to the compositional nature of available data has been applied using samples from five nitrate vulnerable zones in Catalonia: Baix Ter, Selva, Lluçanès, Maresme and Osona. Three different sets of variables have been used: only geochemical data, only isotope data, or both together. The aims were twofold. First, to establish a graphical comparative tool to discriminate between the different zones affected by nitrate pollution, looking for combinations of logratios of variables that have significantly different average values between the sampled regions. Second: to put forward a statistical methodology that integrates isotope data together with geochemical data. According to these aims, a linear discriminant analysis entering compositional data has been performed and the corresponding discriminant biplot has been depicted. It is remarkable the notable discriminating power when using only the isotope data set, although the optimal separation of regions is achieved when using both geochemical and isotope data subsets, as predicted by the theory of discriminant analysis. Obtaining all this information can help to understand the mechanisms that control groundwater nitrate contamination, and to evaluate the influence of anthropogenic activities and pressures over the aquifer system at a local as well as regional scale, as a basis for adopting an appropriate water management strategy.
Amb els objectius de traçar les fonts de nitrat i sulfat i de determinar si s'estan produint processos d'atenuació natural a les aigües subterrànies, s'han estudiat dues zones vulnerables a la contaminació per nitrats de Catalunya: les depressions de la Selva i del Baix Ter. Ambdues zones són hidrogeològicament complexes i estan caracteritzades per sistemes de flux regionals i locals afectats per una intensa extracció d'aigua subterrània i múltiples fonts de contaminació. La δ15N, δ18ONO3, δ34S i δ18OSO4 indiquen que la font de contaminació dominant de les aigües subterrànies és el purí aplicat als camps, tot i que els fertilitzants sintètics i les aigües residuals també s'han detectat isotòpicament. La mesura de la relació isotòpica del bor dissolt (δ11B), que no s’havia emprat abans en aquestes zones, confirma que la principal contribució de nitrogen és deguda a l’aplicació dels purins. La correlació positiva entre la δ15N i la δ18O del nitrat està d'acord amb l'existència de processos de desnitrificació natural. La δ34S i la δ18O del sulfat mostren que l'oxidació de pirites no està lligada a la desnitrificació, suggerint la matèria orgànica com el donador d'electrons que permet la reducció del nitrat. Les dades hidroquímiques i isotòpiques apunten que pot haver-hi una relació entre els processos de mescla d'aigua subterrània dels sistemes de flux local i regional i la desnitrificació natural del nitrat, sobretot en àrees associades a zones de falles i xarxes de fractures. Tenint en compte la naturalesa composicional de les dades obtingudes, s'ha aplicat un tractament estadístic apropiat a la hidroquímica i relacions isotòpiques de cinc zones vulnerables de Catalunya (Selva, Baix Ter, Lluçanès, Maresme i Osona) per tal d’establir-ne una comparativa.
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Watanabe, Taro. "Example-Based Statistical Machine Translation." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/147584.

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Duncombe, P. "Statistical software and an example of a regression package." Thesis, University of Kent, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.234478.

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Ahmed, Andaleeb Abrar. "New Technique for Imputing Missing Item Responses for an Ordinal Variable: Using Tennessee Youth Risk Behavior Survey as an Example." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2007. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/2154.

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Surveys ordinarily ask questions in an ordinal scale and often result in missing data. We suggest a regression based technique for imputing missing ordinal data. Multilevel cumulative logit model was used with an assumption that observed responses of certain key variables can serve as covariate in predicting missing item responses of an ordinal variable. Individual predicted probabilities at each response level were obtained. Average individual predicted probabilities for each response level were used to randomly impute the missing responses using a uniform distribution. Finally, likelihood ratio chi square statistics was used to compare the imputed and observed distributions. Two other forms of multiple imputation algorithms were performed for comparison. Performance of our imputation technique was comparable to other 2 established algorithms. Our method being simpler does not involve any complex algorithms and with further research can potentially be used as an imputation technique for missing ordinal variables.
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Tromp, Mary. "Bayesian monitoring of clinical trials| Examples using conjugate priors." Thesis, California State University, Long Beach, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1583226.

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A clinical trial can save time and resources if it incorporates Bayesian monitoring. Generally speaking, conducting Bayesian analysis is a computationally intensive task. However, in the special case of hypotheses testing for clinical trials, and, moreover, when conjugate prior distributions of parameters are used, computational complexity is reduced remarkably. This thesis presents three examples where the Bayesian monitoring is achieved with a prior density of a parameter and the likelihood function of the data belonging to conjugate families of distributions. The first example studies a heart valve trial with a Poisson rate of adverse events and a gamma prior distribution of the rate. The second example focuses on testing certain drug efficacy for lowering high blood pressure, with self-conjugate normal family of distributions. In the third example, the probability of a false positive alarm produced by a heart defibrillator is modeled with beta prior distribution conjugate to binomial likelihood function.

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Books on the topic "Statistical examples"

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A, Woodward Wayne, ed. Statistical analysis quick reference guidebook: With SPSS examples. Thousand Oaks, Calif: Sage Publications, 2007.

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Jack, Shostak, ed. Common statistical methods for clinical research with SAS examples. 3rd ed. Cary, NC: SAS Institute Inc., 2010.

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Common statistical methods for clinical research with SAS examples. 2nd ed. Cary, NC: SAS Institute Inc., 2002.

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Walker, Glenn A. Common statistical methods for clinical research with SAS examples. Cary, N.C: SAS Institute, 1997.

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Walker, Glenn A. Common statistical methods for clinical research with SAS examples. San Diego: Collins-Wellesley Pub., 1996.

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Stapor, Katarzyna. Introduction to Probabilistic and Statistical Methods with Examples in R. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-45799-0.

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P, Mukhopadhyay, ed. Phase transformations: Examples from titanium and zirconium alloys. Amsterdam: Elsevier/Pergamon, 2007.

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1938-, Gupta A. K., ed. Information-statistical data mining: Warehouse integration with examples of Oracle basics. Boston: Kluwer Academic, 2004.

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Sy, Bon K. Information-statistical data mining: Warehouse integration with examples of Oracle basics. Boston: Kluwer Academic, 2004.

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Rodda, Harvey. Understanding mathematical and statistical techniques in hydrology: An examples-based approach. Chichester, West Sussex, UK: John Wiley and Sons, 2015.

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Book chapters on the topic "Statistical examples"

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Berlinsky, A. J., and A. B. Harris. "Examples." In Statistical Mechanics, 95–118. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-28187-8_5.

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Guénault, Tony. "Two examples." In Statistical Physics, 25–41. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-5975-9_3.

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Guénault, A. M. "Two examples." In Statistical Physics, 30–51. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-9792-5_3.

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Pfanzagl, Johann. "Examples." In Asymptotic Expansions for General Statistical Models, 382–427. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-6479-9_12.

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Dorlas, Teunis C. "Examples of Phase Transitions." In Statistical Mechanics, 69–74. 2nd ed. Second edition. | Boca Raton : CRC Press, 2021.: CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003037170-14.

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Hertel, Peter. "Simple Examples." In Quantum Theory and Statistical Thermodynamics, 31–64. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-58595-6_2.

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Giron-Sierra, Jose Maria. "Statistical Aspects." In Digital Signal Processing with Matlab Examples, Volume 1, 29–114. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-2534-1_2.

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Bohanec, M., and I. Bratko. "Representing Examples by Examples." In Proceedings of the ISSEK94 Workshop on Mathematical and Statistical Methods in Artificial Intelligence, 221–35. Vienna: Springer Vienna, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-2690-5_15.

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Klimontovich, Yu L. "Examples of Nonlinear Brownian Motion." In Statistical Theory of Open Systems, 300–334. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-0175-2_16.

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Small, Christopher G. "Some Examples of Shape Analysis." In The Statistical Theory of Shape, 173–200. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-4032-7_6.

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Conference papers on the topic "Statistical examples"

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Cennamo, Alessandro, Ido Freeman, and Anton Kummert. "A Statistical Defense Approach for Detecting Adversarial Examples." In PRIS 2020: 2020 International Conference on Pattern Recognition and Intelligent Systems. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3415048.3416103.

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Kameneva, Svetlana Vladimirovna. "STATISTICAL METHODS IN ARCHAEOLOGY." In IV Международная научно-практическая конференция "Научные исследования и инновации". KDU, Moscow, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31453/kdu.ru.978-5-7913-1168-9-2021-6-17.

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The use of statistical methods in the analysis of archaeological problems is an effective interdisciplinary approach. The article briefly describes the chronology using of statistical methods in archaeology, provides examples using of basic statistical methods in the analysis of the ceramic ornament the Zmeisky settlement in North Ossetia and more modern archaeological finds made by the Azov archaeological expedition in the Krasnodar region.
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Johnston, Carol. "Statistical Analysis of Fatigue Test Data." In ASME 2017 36th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2017-62212.

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The offshore environment contains many sources of cyclic loading. Standard design S-N curves, such as those in DNVGL-RP-C203, are usually assigned to ensure a particular design life can be achieved for a particular set of anticipated loading conditions. Girth welds are often the ‘weak link’ in terms of fatigue strength and so it is important to show that girth welds made using new procedures for new projects that are intended to be used in fatigue sensitive risers or flowlines do indeed have the required fatigue performance. Alternatively, designers of new subsea connectors, used for example in tendons for tension leg platforms, mooring applications or well-heads which will experience cyclic loading in service, also wish to verify the fatigue performance of their new designs. Often operators require contractors to carry out resonance fatigue tests on representative girth welds in order to show that girth welds made using new procedures qualify to the required design S-N curve. Operators and contractors must then interpret the results, which is not necessarily straightforward if the fatigue lives are lower than expected. Many factors influence a component’s fatigue strength so there is usually scatter in results obtained when a number of fatigue tests are carried out on real, production standard components. This scatter means that it is important first to carry out the right number of tests in order to obtain a reasonable understanding of the component’s fatigue strength, and then to interpret the fatigue test results properly. A working knowledge of statistics is necessary for both specifying the test programme and interpreting the test results and there is often confusion over various aspects of test specification and interpretation. This paper describes relevant statistical concepts in a way that is accessible to non-experts and that can be used, practically, by designers. The paper illustrates the statistical analysis of test data with examples of the ‘target life’ approach (that is now included in BS7608:2014 + A1) and the equivalent approach in DNVGL-RP-C203, which uses the stress modification factor. It gives practical examples to designers of a pragmatic method that can be used when specifying test programmes and interpreting the results obtained from tests carried out during qualification programmes, which for example, aim to determine whether girth welds made using a new procedure qualify to a particular design curve. It will help designers who are tasked with specifying test programmes to choose a reasonable number of test specimens and stress ranges, and to understand the outcome when results have been obtained.
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Flesch, Philip J. "Statistical Process Control for Power Plants." In International Joint Power Generation Conference collocated with TurboExpo 2003. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ijpgc2003-40051.

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Statistical Process Control (SPC) is successfully used by manufacturing and service organizations to control processes. The advent of SPC has created significant improvements in manufacturing, and SPC is a key element in six sigma quality programs. The application of SPC allows trained professionals to analyze any process to better understand and control that process. SPC has been in steady use for decades, and numerous books have been written on its application. “SPC is a decision-making tool, and change is the foundation of SPC. When a process changes (goes beyond established limits), SPC helps the quality specialist identify the change and decide if the change is good or bad.” 1. “If the change is bad, the reason for the change is identified and every attempt is made to eliminate the occurrence of the cause of the change.” 2. “If the change is good, the reason for the change is identified and every attempt is made to make the occurrence of the cause of the change common practice.” [Statistical Quality Control, Seventh Edition] SPC may be applied to component and system monitoring at power plants. Equipment reliability, preventive maintenance effectiveness and plant aging have become more important to the owners and operators of power plants. These issues directly affect the plant’s capacity factor and operating costs. SPC provides feedback on measured process parameters, and power plants measure process parameters. SPC can be used to identify early indication of changes in these parameters. This allows plant personnel to identify performance changes that may be indicative of failing equipment reliability. Since it is a fairly simple tool, SPC is easily available to any power plant operator. Data can be loaded into Excel templates, and the appropriate graphs can be easily generated. Since many personnel are familiar with Excel, the application of SPC can be relatively easy initiate. Other statistical analysis programs are available (ex: EPRI MSET) for process parameter review. However, the other tools are not as simple as SPC. Examples will be provided that demonstrate how SPC can be applied to measured power plant parameters. These examples will also demonstrate how the results of SPC can be used to identify potential equipment reliability issues or to control parameters within narrow bands. Finally, the examples will demonstrate how SPC is superior to run graphs (i.e. a parameter graphed over time — over a “run”) as an analysis tool.
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Das, Ariyam, Jin Wang, Sahil M. Gandhi, Jae Lee, Wei Wang, and Carlo Zaniolo. "Learn Smart with Less: Building Better Online Decision Trees with Fewer Training Examples." In Twenty-Eighth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-19}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2019/306.

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Online decision tree models are extensively used in many industrial machine learning applications for real-time classification tasks. These models are highly accurate, scalable and easy to use in practice. The Very Fast Decision Tree (VFDT) is the classic online decision tree induction model that has been widely adopted due to its theoretical guarantees as well as competitive performance. However, VFDT and its variants solely rely on conservative statistical measures like Hoeffding bound to incrementally grow the tree. This makes these models extremely circumspect and limits their ability to learn fast. In this paper, we efficiently employ statistical resampling techniques to build an online tree faster using fewer examples. We first theoretically show that a naive implementation of resampling techniques like non-parametric bootstrap does not scale due to large memory and computational overheads. We mitigate this by proposing a robust memory-efficient bootstrap simulation heuristic (Mem-ES) that successfully expedites the learning process. Experimental results on both synthetic data and large-scale real world datasets demonstrate the efficiency and effectiveness of our proposed technique.
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Vallianatos, Filippos, and Maria Kouli. "Evidence of nonextensive statistical physics behavior in the watershed distribution in active tectonic areas: examples from Greece." In First International Conference on Remote Sensing and Geoinformation of Environment, edited by Diofantos G. Hadjimitsis, Kyriacos Themistocleous, Silas Michaelides, and George Papadavid. SPIE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2028316.

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Xi, Zhimin, Byeng D. Youn, and Chao Hu. "Effective Random Field Characterization Considering Statistical Dependence for Probability Analysis and Design." In ASME 2010 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2010-29183.

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The Proper Orthogonal Decomposition (POD) method has been employed to extract the important signatures of the random field presented in an engineering product or process. Our preliminary study found that coefficients of the signatures are statistically uncorrelated but may be dependent. In general, the statistical dependence of the coefficients is ignored in the random field characterization for probability analysis and design. This paper thus proposes an effective approach to characterize the random field for probability analysis and design while accounting for the statistical dependence among the coefficients. The proposed approach is composed of two technical contributions. The first contribution is to develop a generic approximation scheme of random field as a function of the most important field signatures while preserving prescribed approximation accuracy. The coefficients of the signatures can be modeled as random field variables and their statistical properties are identified using the Chi-Square goodness-of-fit test. Second, the Rosenblatt transformation is employed to transform the statistically dependent random field variables into statistically independent random field variables. There exist so many transformation sequences when the number of random field variables becomes large. It was found that an improper selection of a transformation sequence may introduce high nonlinearity into system responses, which causes inaccuracy in probability analysis and design. Hence, a novel procedure is proposed for determining an optimal transformation sequence that introduces the least degree of nonlinearity to the system response after the Rosenblatt transformation. The proposed random field characterization can be integrated with one of the advanced probability analysis methods, such as the Eigenvector Dimension Reduction (EDR) method, Polynomial Chaos Expansion (PCE) method, etc. Three structural examples including a Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS) bistable mechanism are used to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach. The results show that the statistical dependence in random field characterization cannot be neglected for probability analysis and design. Moreover, it is shown that the proposed random field approach is very accurate and efficient.
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Hou, Pengfei, Zane Jobe, and Lesli Wood. "STATISTICAL COMPARISONS OF SUBMARINE FAN DEPOSITS DURING REMNANT OCEAN - FORELAND BASIN TRANSITION: EXAMPLES FROM THE OUACHITA MOUNTAINS, USA." In GSA 2020 Connects Online. Geological Society of America, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2020am-353971.

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Sohrab, Siavash H. "Invariant Forms of Conservation Equations and Some Examples of Their Exact Solutions." In ASME 2014 4th Joint US-European Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting collocated with the ASME 2014 12th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2014-21154.

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A scale-invariant model of statistical mechanics is described leading to invariant Boltzmann equation and the corresponding invariant Enskog equation of change. A modified form of Cauchy stress tensor for fluid is presented such that in the limit of vanishing intermolecular spacing all tangential forces vanish in accordance with perceptions of Cauchy and Poisson. The invariant forms of mass, thermal energy, linear momentum, and angular momentum conservation equations derived from invariant Enskog equation of change are described. Also, some exact solution of the conservation equations for the problems of normal shock, flow over a flat plate, and flow within a spherical droplet located at the stagnation point of opposed cylindrically-symmetric gaseous jets are presented.
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Cardelli, Luca, Marta Kwiatkowska, Luca Laurenti, Nicola Paoletti, Andrea Patane, and Matthew Wicker. "Statistical Guarantees for the Robustness of Bayesian Neural Networks." In Twenty-Eighth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-19}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2019/789.

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We introduce a probabilistic robustness measure for Bayesian Neural Networks (BNNs), defined as the probability that, given a test point, there exists a point within a bounded set such that the BNN prediction differs between the two. Such a measure can be used, for instance, to quantify the probability of the existence of adversarial examples. Building on statistical verification techniques for probabilistic models, we develop a framework that allows us to estimate probabilistic robustness for a BNN with statistical guarantees, i.e., with a priori error and confidence bounds. We provide experimental comparison for several approximate BNN inference techniques on image classification tasks associated to MNIST and a two-class subset of the GTSRB dataset. Our results enable quantification of uncertainty of BNN predictions in adversarial settings.
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Reports on the topic "Statistical examples"

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Kim, Changmo, Ghazan Khan, Brent Nguyen, and Emily L. Hoang. Development of a Statistical Model to Predict Materials’ Unit Prices for Future Maintenance and Rehabilitation in Highway Life Cycle Cost Analysis. Mineta Transportation Institute, December 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2020.1806.

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The main objectives of this study are to investigate the trends in primary pavement materials’ unit price over time and to develop statistical models and guidelines for using predictive unit prices of pavement materials instead of uniform unit prices in life cycle cost analysis (LCCA) for future maintenance and rehabilitation (M&R) projects. Various socio-economic data were collected for the past 20 years (1997–2018) in California, including oil price, population, government expenditure in transportation, vehicle registration, and other key variables, in order to identify factors affecting pavement materials’ unit price. Additionally, the unit price records of the popular pavement materials were categorized by project size (small, medium, large, and extra-large). The critical variables were chosen after identifying their correlations, and the future values of each variable were predicted through time-series analysis. Multiple regression models using selected socio-economic variables were developed to predict the future values of pavement materials’ unit price. A case study was used to compare the results between the uniform unit prices in the current LCCA procedures and the unit prices predicted in this study. In LCCA, long-term prediction involves uncertainties due to unexpected economic trends and industrial demand and supply conditions. Economic recessions and a global pandemic are examples of unexpected events which can have a significant influence on variations in material unit prices and project costs. Nevertheless, the data-driven scientific approach as described in this research reduces risk caused by such uncertainties and enables reasonable predictions for the future. The statistical models developed to predict the future unit prices of the pavement materials through this research can be implemented to enhance the current LCCA procedure and predict more realistic unit prices and project costs for the future M&R activities, thus promoting the most cost-effective alternative in LCCA.
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Chu, Tsong-Lun, Athi Varuttamaseni, and Joo-Seok Baek. A Statistical Testing Approach for Quantifying Software Reliability; Application to an Example System. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1329800.

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Rudyk, Myroslava. COMMUNICATIVE FEATURES OF UKRAINIAN VIDEO BLOGS ON THE EXAMPLE OF YOUTUBE-CHANNELS OF «TORONTO TV», YANINA SOKOLOVA, AND OSTAP DROZDOV. Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, March 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vjo.2021.50.11111.

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The article is devoted to the study of the Ukrainian segment of video blogging as one of the most popular types of the functioning of the modern blogosphere. The content and statistics of popular video blogs were studied on the example of YouTube channels of Ukrainian bloggers and famous journalists. Today we are witnessing the rapid development of technologies that help journalists become better, and the creators of media content to work more quickly and ensure the completeness of the information. With the help of Internet communication, new ways of disseminating information have appeared in journalism. Journalists more often create their blogs on various platforms. Blogosphere video content has become very popular among the Ukrainian audience on YouTube because today the video format is the most effective in terms of communication. The YouTube social network partially replaces television, and the variety of thematic content is ably adapted to a wide audience. The paper analyzes Ukrainian blogs managed by journalists, where they publish different content formats. Therefore, the presentation of various examples of video blogs in our work helps to understand the specifics of Ukrainian blogging at its current stage of development. After all, videos of popular people such as Michael Shchur, Yanina Sokolova, Ostap Drozdov demonstrate the peculiarities of Ukrainian popular video content. For the research, we chose those blogs that are currently relevant to Ukrainian YouTube and have their specifics and uniqueness. The main objective of a blogger is to react quickly to the flow of information because the rating of the channel being monetized depends on it. With the help of statistical data, we can conclude that the Ukrainian audience is interested in a wide range of different information. Viewers now value the independent opinion of bloggers and more often listen to it. Every important event is covered by bloggers promptly. And the format in which it is presented depends on the individual style of the author and the concept of his channel. We can conclude that the video content of the modern blogosphere is developing rapidly. This provides the audience with information for different tastes.
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Würth, Stéphanie. SNSF Datastory - Emma – on her way to a professorship? Swiss National Science Foundation, May 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.46446/datastory.emma-on-her-way-to-a-professorship.

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Using Emma* as an example, we profile the career path of an early career researcher whose PhD was financed by an SNSF project. To this end, we combined and analysed data from the Federal Statistical Office (FSO) and the SNSF. *Emma is a pseudonym.
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Pruitt, Bruce, K. Killgore, William Slack, and Ramune Matuliauskaite. Formulation of a multi-scale watershed ecological model using a statistical approach. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), November 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/38862.

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The purpose of this special report is to provide a statistical stepwise process for formulation of ecological models for application at multiple scales using a stream condition index (SCI). Given the global variability of aquatic ecosystems, this guidance is for broad application and may require modification to suit specific watersheds or stream reaches. However, the general statistical treatise provided herein applies across physiographies and at multiple scales. The Duck River Watershed Assessment in Tennessee was used, in part, to develop and test this multiscale, statistical approach; thus, it is considered a case example and referenced throughout this report. The findings of this study can be utilized to (1) prioritize water-sheds for restoration, enhancement, and conservation; (2) plan and conduct site-specific, intensive ecosystem studies; and (3) assess ecosystem outcomes (that is, ecological lift) applicable to future with and without restoration actions including alternative, feasibility, and cost-benefit analyses and adaptive management.
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Noble, Michael. How to implement sub-national poverty lines in a SOUTHMOD country model using conditional constants: The case of UGAMOD. UNU-WIDER, March 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.35188/unu-wider/wtn/2021-3.

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This note describes how to incorporate sub-national poverty lines into a SOUTHMOD country model using conditional constants within the constants function in such a way that the Statistics Presenter can generate national-level poverty statistics. The Uganda tax-benefit microsimulation model UGAMOD is used as an example.
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Lo, Gane Samb. How to use the functional empirical process for deriving asymptotic laws for functions of the sample. Arxiv, July 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.16929/hs/imhotep.2016.x.001.

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The functional empirical process is a very powerful tool for deriving asymptotic laws for almost any kind of statistics whenever we know how to express them into functions of the sample. Since this method seems to be applied more and more in the very recent future, this paper is intended to provide a complete but short description and justification of the method and to illustrate it with a non-trivial example using bivariate data. It may also serve for citation without repeating the arguments
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Jorgensen, Frieda, Andre Charlett, Craig Swift, Anais Painset, and Nicolae Corcionivoschi. A survey of the levels of Campylobacter spp. contamination and prevalence of selected antimicrobial resistance determinants in fresh whole UK-produced chilled chickens at retail sale (non-major retailers). Food Standards Agency, June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.46756/sci.fsa.xls618.

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Campylobacter spp. are the most common bacterial cause of foodborne illness in the UK, with chicken considered to be the most important vehicle for this organism. The UK Food Standards Agency (FSA) agreed with industry to reduce Campylobacter spp. contamination in raw chicken and issued a target to reduce the prevalence of the most contaminated chickens (those with more than 1000 cfu per g chicken neck skin) to below 10 % at the end of the slaughter process, initially by 2016. To help monitor progress, a series of UK-wide surveys were undertaken to determine the levels of Campylobacter spp. on whole UK-produced, fresh chicken at retail sale in the UK. The data obtained for the first four years was reported in FSA projects FS241044 (2014/15) and FS102121 (2015 to 2018). The FSA has indicated that the retail proxy target for the percentage of highly contaminated raw whole retail chickens should be less than 7% and while continued monitoring has demonstrated a sustained decline for chickens from major retailer stores, chicken on sale in other stores have yet to meet this target. This report presents results from testing chickens from non-major retailer stores (only) in a fifth survey year from 2018 to 2019. In line with previous practise, samples were collected from stores distributed throughout the UK (in proportion to the population size of each country). Testing was performed by two laboratories - a Public Health England (PHE) laboratory or the Agri-Food & Biosciences Institute (AFBI), Belfast. Enumeration of Campylobacter spp. was performed using the ISO 10272-2 standard enumeration method applied with a detection limit of 10 colony forming units (cfu) per gram (g) of neck skin. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) to selected antimicrobials in accordance with those advised in the EU harmonised monitoring protocol was predicted from genome sequence data in Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli isolates The percentage (10.8%) of fresh, whole chicken at retail sale in stores of smaller chains (for example, Iceland, McColl’s, Budgens, Nisa, Costcutter, One Stop), independents and butchers (collectively referred to as non-major retailer stores in this report) in the UK that are highly contaminated (at more than 1000 cfu per g) with Campylobacter spp. has decreased since the previous survey year but is still higher than that found in samples from major retailers. 8 whole fresh raw chickens from non-major retailer stores were collected from August 2018 to July 2019 (n = 1009). Campylobacter spp. were detected in 55.8% of the chicken skin samples obtained from non-major retailer shops, and 10.8% of the samples had counts above 1000 cfu per g chicken skin. Comparison among production plant approval codes showed significant differences of the percentages of chicken samples with more than 1000 cfu per g, ranging from 0% to 28.1%. The percentage of samples with more than 1000 cfu of Campylobacter spp. per g was significantly higher in the period May, June and July than in the period November to April. The percentage of highly contaminated samples was significantly higher for samples taken from larger compared to smaller chickens. There was no statistical difference in the percentage of highly contaminated samples between those obtained from chicken reared with access to range (for example, free-range and organic birds) and those reared under standard regime (for example, no access to range) but the small sample size for organic and to a lesser extent free-range chickens, may have limited the ability to detect important differences should they exist. Campylobacter species was determined for isolates from 93.4% of the positive samples. C. jejuni was isolated from the majority (72.6%) of samples while C. coli was identified in 22.1% of samples. A combination of both species was found in 5.3% of samples. C. coli was more frequently isolated from samples obtained from chicken reared with access to range in comparison to those reared as standard birds. C. jejuni was less prevalent during the summer months of June, July and August compared to the remaining months of the year. Resistance to ciprofloxacin (fluoroquinolone), erythromycin (macrolide), tetracycline, (tetracyclines), gentamicin and streptomycin (aminoglycosides) was predicted from WGS data by the detection of known antimicrobial resistance determinants. Resistance to ciprofloxacin was detected in 185 (51.7%) isolates of C. jejuni and 49 (42.1%) isolates of C. coli; while 220 (61.1%) isolates of C. jejuni and 73 (62.9%) isolates of C. coli isolates were resistant to tetracycline. Three C. coli (2.6%) but none of the C. jejuni isolates harboured 23S mutations predicting reduced susceptibility to erythromycin. Multidrug resistance (MDR), defined as harbouring genetic determinants for resistance to at least three unrelated antimicrobial classes, was found in 10 (8.6%) C. coli isolates but not in any C. jejuni isolates. Co-resistance to ciprofloxacin and erythromycin was predicted in 1.7% of C. coli isolates. 9 Overall, the percentages of isolates with genetic AMR determinants found in this study were similar to those reported in the previous survey year (August 2016 to July 2017) where testing was based on phenotypic break-point testing. Multi-drug resistance was similar to that found in the previous survey years. It is recommended that trends in AMR in Campylobacter spp. isolates from retail chickens continue to be monitored to realise any increasing resistance of concern, particulary to erythromycin (macrolide). Considering that the percentage of fresh, whole chicken from non-major retailer stores in the UK that are highly contaminated (at more than 1000 cfu per g) with Campylobacter spp. continues to be above that in samples from major retailers more action including consideration of interventions such as improved biosecurity and slaughterhouse measures is needed to achieve better control of Campylobacter spp. for this section of the industry. The FSA has indicated that the retail proxy target for the percentage of highly contaminated retail chickens should be less than 7% and while continued monitoring has demonstrated a sustained decline for chickens from major retailer stores, chicken on sale in other stores have yet to meet this target.
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