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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Statistical hypothesis testing'

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Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 30 July 2024

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1

Hardy, James C. (James Clifford). "A Monte Carlo Study of the Robustness and Power Associated with Selected Tests of Variance Equality when Distributions are Non-Normal and Dissimilar in Form." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1990. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc332130/.

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When selecting a method for testing variance equality, a researcher should select a method which is robust to distribution non-normality and dissimilarity. The method should also possess sufficient power to ascertain departures from the equal variance hypothesis. This Monte Carlo study examined the robustness and power of five tests of variance equality under specific conditions. The tests examined included one procedure proposed by O'Brien (1978), two by O'Brien (1979), and two by Conover, Johnson, and Johnson (1981). Specific conditions included assorted combinations of the following factors: k=2 and k=3 groups, normal and non-normal distributional forms, similar and dissimilar distributional forms, and equal and unequal sample sizes. Under the k=2 group condition, a total of 180 combinations were examined. A total of 54 combinations were examined under the k=3 group condition. The Type I error rates and statistical power estimates were based upon 1000 replications in each combination examined. Results of this study suggest that when sample sizes are relatively large, all five procedures are robust to distribution non-normality and dissimilarity, as well as being sufficiently powerful.

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2

Jeng, Tian-Tzer. "Some contributions to asymptotic theory on hypothesis testing when the model is misspecified /." The Ohio State University, 1987. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487332636473942.

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3

Bauer, Laura L. "Hypothesis testing procedures for non-nested regression models." Diss., Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/74755.

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Theory often indicates that a given response variable should be a function of certain explanatory variables yet fails to provide meaningful information as to the specific form of this function. To test the validity of a given functional form with sensitivity toward the feasible alternatives, a procedure is needed for comparing non-nested families of hypotheses. Two hypothesized models are said to be non-nested when one model is neither a restricted case nor a limiting approximation of the other. These non-nested hypotheses cannot be tested using conventional likelihood ratio procedures. In recent years, however, several new approaches have been developed for testing non-nested regression models. A comprehensive review of the procedures for the case of two linear regression models was presented. Comparisons between these procedures were made on the basis of asymptotic distributional properties, simulated finite sample performance and computational ease. A modification to the Fisher and McAleer JA-test was proposed and its properties investigated. As a compromise between the JA-test and the Orthodox F-test, it was shown to have an exact non-null distribution. Its properties, both analytically and empirically derived, exhibited the practical worth of such an adjustment. A Monte Carlo study of the testing procedures involving non-nested linear regression models in small sample situations (n ≤ 40) provided information necessary for the formulation of practical guidelines. It was evident that the modified Cox procedure, N̄ , was most powerful for providing correct inferences. In addition, there was strong evidence to support the use of the adjusted J-test (AJ) (Davidson and MacKinnon's test with small-sample modifications due to Godfrey and Pesaran), the modified JA-test (NJ) and the Orthodox F-test for supplemental information. Under non normal disturbances, similar results were yielded. An empirical study of spending patterns for household food consumption provided a practical application of the non-nested procedures in a large sample setting. The study provided not only an example of non-nested testing situations but also the opportunity to draw sound inferences from the test results.
Ph. D.

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4

Li, Longzhuang. "Statistical methods for performance evaluation and their applications /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2002. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p3060118.

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5

Williams, Elliot. "Essays in multiple comparison testing /." Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 2003. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3112194.

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6

Hahn, Georg. "Statistical methods for Monte-Carlo based multiple hypothesis testing." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/25279.

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Statistical hypothesis testing is a key technique to perform statistical inference. The main focus of this work is to investigate multiple testing under the assumption that the analytical p-values underlying the tests for all hypotheses are unknown. Instead, we assume that they can be approximated by drawing Monte Carlo samples under the null. The first part of this thesis focuses on the computation of test results with a guarantee on their correctness, that is decisions on multiple hypotheses which are identical to the ones obtained with the unknown p-values. We present MMCTest, an algorithm to implement a multiple testing procedure which yields correct decisions on all hypotheses (up to a pre-specified error probability) based solely on Monte Carlo simulation. MMCTest offers novel ways to evaluate multiple hypotheses as it allows to obtain the (previously unknown) correct decision on hypotheses (for instance, genes) in real data studies (again up to an error probability pre-specified by the user). The ideas behind MMCTest are generalised in a framework for Monte Carlo based multiple testing, demonstrating that existing methods giving no guarantees on their test results can be modified to yield certain theoretical guarantees on the correctness of their outputs. The second part deals with multiple testing from a practical perspective. We assume that in practice, it might also be desired to sacrifice the additional computational effort needed to obtain guaranteed decisions and to invest it instead in the computation of a more accurate ad-hoc test result. This is attempted by QuickMMCTest, an algorithm which adaptively allocates more samples to hypotheses whose decisions are more prone to random fluctuations, thereby achieving an improved accuracy. This work also derives the optimal allocation of a finite number of samples to finitely many hypotheses under a normal approximation, where the optimal allocation is understood as the one minimising the expected number of erroneously classified hypotheses (with respect to the classification based on the analytical p-values). An empirical comparison of the optimal allocation of samples to the one computed by QuickMMCTest indicates that the behaviour of QuickMMCTest might not be too far away from being optimal.

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7

Smith, Toni Michelle. "An investigation into student understanding of statistical hypothesis testing." College Park, Md.: University of Maryland, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/8565.

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Thesis (Ph. D.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2008.
Thesis research directed by: Dept. of Curriculum and Instruction. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.

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8

Sheng, Ru. "A Bayesian analysis of hypothesis testing problems with skewed alternatives." [Milwaukee, Wis.] : e-Publications@Marquette, 2009. http://epublications.marquette.edu/dissertations_mu/23.

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9

Wang, Yishi. "Some new tests for normality." Diss., Online access via UMI:, 2006.

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10

Miyanishi, Masako. "Essays on hypothesis testing in the presence of nearly integrated variables." Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 2006. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3222053.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, San Diego, 2006.
Title from first page of PDF file (viewed September 20, 2006). Available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations. Vita. Includes bibliographical references.

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11

Gabriel, Joseph R. "Invariant hypothesis testing with applications in signal processing /." View online ; access limited to URI, 2004. http://0-wwwlib.umi.com.helin.uri.edu/dissertations/dlnow/3135904.

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12

Kuzmak, Barbara Rose. "A comparison of the performance of several solutions to the Behrens-Fisher problem." Thesis, Kansas State University, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/9924.

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13

Taneja, Atrayee. "New approaches to testing a composite null hypothesis for the two sample binomial problem /." The Ohio State University, 1986. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487323583622319.

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14

Gutzeit, Maurilio [Verfasser], and Alexandra [Gutachter] Carpentier. "Topics in statistical minimax hypothesis testing / Maurilio Gutzeit ; Gutachter: Alexandra Carpentier." Magdeburg : Universitätsbibliothek Otto-von-Guericke-Universität, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1220036242/34.

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15

Mukherjee, Rajarshi. "Statistical Inference for High Dimensional Problems." Thesis, Harvard University, 2014. http://dissertations.umi.com/gsas.harvard:11516.

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In this dissertation, we study minimax hypothesis testing in high-dimensional regression against sparse alternatives and minimax estimation of average treatment effect in an semiparametric regression with possibly large number of covariates.

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16

Lok, Wing-sze. "Statistical depth functions and depth-based robustness diagnosis." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2005. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B34838260.

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17

Lok, Wing-sze, and 駱穎思. "Statistical depth functions and depth-based robustness diagnosis." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2005. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B34838260.

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18

Begum, Nelufa 1967. "A new class of hypothesis tests which maximize average power." Monash University, Dept. of Econometrics and Business Statistics, 2003. http://arrow.monash.edu.au/hdl/1959.1/5506.

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19

Huang, Meng. "Essays on testing conditional independence." Diss., [La Jolla] : University of California, San Diego, 2009. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3365786.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, San Diego, 2009.
Title from first page of PDF file (viewed August 11, 2009). Available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 134-136).

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20

Swanson, David Michael. "Hypothesis Testing in GWAS and Statistical Issues with Compensation in Clinical Trials." Thesis, Harvard University, 2013. http://dissertations.umi.com/gsas.harvard:10909.

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We first show theoretically and in simulation how power varies as a function of SNP correlation structure with currently-implemented gene-based testing methods. We propose alternative testing methods whose power does not vary with the correlation structure. We then propose hypothesis tests for detecting prevalence-incidence bias in case-control studies, a bias perhaps overrepresented in GWAS due to currently used study designs. Lastly, we hypothesize how different incentive structures used to keep clinical trial participants in studies may interact with a background of dependent censoring and result in variation in the bias of the Kaplan-Meier survival curve estimator.

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21

Martinez, Silas G. "Aggression and boxing performance: Testing the channeling hypothesis with multiple statistical methodologies." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1491929510847969.

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22

Sriananthakumar, Sivagowry 1968. "Contributions to the theory and practice of hypothesis testing." Monash University, Dept. of Econometrics and Business Statistics, 2000. http://arrow.monash.edu.au/hdl/1959.1/8836.

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23

Chan, Hok-Hin Vincent. "Study on the cooperative phenomena of the hypothesis testing Minority Game." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2008. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B40040343.

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24

Chan, Hok-Hin Vincent, and 陳學謙. "Study on the cooperative phenomena of the hypothesis testing Minority Game." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2008. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B40040343.

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25

Tao, Hui. "An Investigation of False Discovery Rates in Multiple Testing under Dependence." Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2005. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/TaoH2005.pdf.

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26

Ramdas, Aaditya Kumar. "Computational and Statistical Advances in Testing and Learning." Research Showcase @ CMU, 2015. http://repository.cmu.edu/dissertations/790.

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This thesis makes fundamental computational and statistical advances in testing and estimation, making critical progress in theory and application of classical statistical methods like classification, regression and hypothesis testing, and understanding the relationships between them. Our work connects multiple fields in often counter-intuitive and surprising ways, leading to new theory, new algorithms, and new insights, and ultimately to a cross-fertilization of varied fields like optimization, statistics and machine learning. The first of three thrusts has to do with active learning, a form of sequential learning from feedback-driven queries that often has a provable statistical advantage over passive learning. We unify concepts from two seemingly different areas—active learning and stochastic firstorder optimization. We use this unified view to develop new lower bounds for stochastic optimization using tools from active learning and new algorithms for active learning using ideas from optimization. We also study the effect of feature noise, or errors-in-variables, on the ability to actively learn. The second thrust deals with the development and analysis of new convex optimization algorithms for classification and regression problems. We provide geometrical and convex analytical insights into the role of the margin in margin-based classification, and develop new greedy primal-dual algorithms for non-linear classification. We also develop a unified proof for convergence rates of randomized algorithms for the ordinary least squares and ridge regression problems in a variety of settings, with the purpose of investigating which algorithm should be utilized in different settings. Lastly, we develop fast state-of-the-art numerically stable algorithms for an important univariate regression problem called trend filtering with a wide variety of practical extensions. The last thrust involves a series of practical and theoretical advances in nonparametric hypothesis testing. We show that a smoothedWasserstein distance allows us to connect many vast families of univariate and multivariate two sample tests. We clearly demonstrate the decreasing power of the families of kernel-based and distance-based two-sample tests and independence tests with increasing dimensionality, challenging existing folklore that they work well in high dimensions. Surprisingly, we show that these tests are automatically adaptive to simple alternatives and achieve the same power as other direct tests for detecting mean differences. We discover a computation-statistics tradeoff, where computationally more expensive two-sample tests have a provable statistical advantage over cheaper tests. We also demonstrate the practical advantage of using Stein shrinkage for kernel independence testing at small sample sizes. Lastly, we develop a novel algorithmic scheme for performing sequential multivariate nonparametric hypothesis testing using the martingale law of the iterated logarithm to near-optimally control both type-1 and type-2 errors. One perspective connecting everything in this thesis involves the closely related and fundamental problems of linear regression and classification. Every contribution in this thesis, from active learning to optimization algorithms, to the role of the margin, to nonparametric testing fits in this picture. An underlying theme that repeats itself in this thesis, is the computational and/or statistical advantages of sequential schemes with feedback. This arises in our work through comparing active with passive learning, through iterative algorithms for solving linear systems instead of direct matrix inversions, and through comparing the power of sequential and batch hypothesis tests.

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27

Cho, Jin Seo. "Three essays on testing hypotheses with irregular conditions /." Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 2002. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3071015.

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28

Eriksson, Tilda. "Change Detection in Telecommunication Data using Time Series Analysis and Statistical Hypothesis Testing." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Matematiska institutionen, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-94530.

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In the base station system of the GSM mobile network there are a large number of counters tracking the behaviour of the system. When the software of the system is updated, we wish to find out which of the counters that have changed their behaviour. This thesis work has shown that the counter data can be modelled as a stochastic time series with a daily profile and a noise term. The change detection can be done by estimating the daily profile and the variance of the noise term and perform statistical hypothesis tests of whether the mean value and/or the daily profile of the counter data before and after the software update can be considered equal. When the chosen counter data has been analysed, it seems to be reasonable in most cases to assume that the noise terms are approximately independent and normally distributed, which justies the hypothesis tests. When the change detection is tested on data where the software is unchanged and on data with known software updates, the results are as expected in most cases. Thus the method seems to be applicable under the conditions studied.

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29

Giacomini, Raffaella. "Essays in forecast evaluation /." Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 2003. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3089479.

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30

Holtgraves, Marnell M. "Diagnosis and schemata : counselors' perceptions and hypothesis-testing strategies." Virtual Press, 1991. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/832991.

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The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Third Edition, Revised (DSM-III-R) published by the American Psychiatric Association (APA) in 1987 is currently the primary tool used by counselors in clinical settings for diagnosing clients' psychological and behavioral problems. Beginning with the third edition of the manual (DSM-III; APA, 1968) a multiaxial process for diagnosis was introduced to encourage a biopsychosocial perspective of client's problems.This study was designed to investigate if alterations in diagnosis on Axis IV and V could further encourage a biopsychosocial perspective. It was designed to imitate the rapid diagnostic process that takes place in many clinical settings. In the present study, the criterion for a biopsychosocial perspective was the maintenance of neutral perceptions and unbiased hypothesis-testing strategies following diagnosis of a client.Twenty-four counseling psychology trainees participated in the study. The counselor trainees diagnosed a client after listening to approximately 20 minutes of an audio-tape of an initial assessment interview. The 12 counselor trainees in the control group diagnosed the client using the standard multiaxial format for diagnosis. The 12 counselor trainees in the experimental group diagnosed the client using an alternative format which encouraged a focus on positive aspects of the client and the client's environment.The counselor trainees completed the Impression Formation Questionnaire to assess their perceptions of the client. They then wrote 12 questions they would ask the client in the next counseling session. These questions constituted their hypothesis-testing strategies for their diagnoses on Axis I and Axis II.The counselor trainees in both groups maintained primarily neutral perceptions of the client as measured by the IFQ. The counselor trainees in both groups favored confirmatory hypothesis-testing strategies when assigned to groups based on their hypothesis-testing strategy score (p < .05).The results of this study indicated that the standard and alternative multiaxial formats for diagnosis may encourage neutral perceptions of a client when counselors must diagnose the client based on very little information. Neither format for diagnosis was successful, however, in discouraging a biased, confirmatory search for information.
Department of Counseling Psychology and Guidance Services

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31

DI, BRISCO AGNESE MARIA. "Statistical Network Analysis: a Multiple Testing Approach." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/96090.

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The problem of identifying connections between nodes in a network model is of fundamental importance in the analysis of brain networks because each node represents a specific brain region that can potentially be connected to other brain regions by means of functional relations; the dynamical behavior of each node can be quantified by adopting a correlation measure among time series. In this contest, the whole set of links between nodes in a network can be represented by means of an adjacency matrix with high dimension, that can be obtained by performing a huge number of simultaneous tests on correlations. In this regard, the Thesis has dealt with the problem of multiple testing in a Bayesian perspective, by examining in depth the “Bayesian False Discovery Rate” (FDR), already defined in Efron, and by introducing the “Bayesian Power” (BP). The behavior of the FDR and BP estimators has been analyzed both with asymptotic theory and with Monte Carlo simulations; furthermore, it has been investigated the robustness of the proposed estimators by simulating specific pattern of dependencies among the p-values associated to the multiple comparisons. Such a multiple testing approach, that allows to control both FDR and BP, has been applyied to a dataset provided by the Milan Center for Neuroscience (NeuroMi). Once selected a sample of 70 participants, classified properly into young subjects and elderly subjects, subject by subject network models have been constructed in order to verify two alternative theories about changes in the pattern of functional connectivity as time goes by, namely the de-differentiation hypothesis versus the localization hypothesis. This objective has been achieved by selecting some proper network measures in order to verify the original hypotheses about the pattern of functional connectivity in the elderly’s group and in the group of young subjects, and by constructing some ad-hoc measures.

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32

Gao, Hongjiang. "Hypothesis testing based on pool screening with unequal pool sizes." Thesis, Birmingham, Ala. : University of Alabama at Birmingham, 2010. https://www.mhsl.uab.edu/dt/2010p/gao.pdf.

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33

Williams, Anne M. "Students' understanding of hypothesis testing in introductory tertiary-level statistics." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 1999. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/36611/1/36611_Digitised%20Thesis.pdf.

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The research study investigates students' understanding of hypothesis testing by exploring their conceptual and procedural knowledge of the topic. Eighteen volunteer students from a large introductory service subject in statistics were interviewed three times during their semester of study - at the beginning of the semester, several weeks after their introduction to the topic of hypothesis testing, and after the final exam in the subject. This thesis reports mainly on the results from the third interview, in which students were required to complete a Concept Mapping task and two Hypothesis Testing tasks while talking aloud. On completion of each task, students were interviewed about their responses on these tasks. The focus is on four main concepts (hypothesis, significance level, p-value, significance) and the process of hypothesis testing. Students' protocols were analysed, and three case studies provided a deeper analysis of overall responses. Qualitative methods were used in the collection and analysis of data. The study revealed that while some students had a good understanding of the hypothesis testing concepts and procedures, there were many deficiencies. In particular, students were often unable to define or explain a concept, give an example, or describe its relationships with other concepts. Less than half of the students could complete an Hypothesis Testing task by an approved method, and several solutions were incorrect at the decision step. There was evidence of some problems with statistical notation, and it was found that each procedural step in the hypothesis testing process had the potential to present difficulties. An overriding problem was associated with expressing ideas with statistical accuracy. The case studies showed that the relationship between conceptual and procedural knowledge was an interactive one. The relationship between conceptual and procedural knowledge was found to be so close that one type of knowledge depended on the other. Metacognition was needed to access the conceptual knowledge, which in turn improved the procedures. This study provides empirical support for the move away from hand-worked hypothesis tests to an emphasis on the development of concepts. From the research, suggestions are offered for teaching with the latter emphasis, and improving students' overall understanding.

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34

Wong, Chun-mei May. "The statistical tests on mean reversion properties in financial markets /." [Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong], 1994. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B13705568.

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35

Tso, Chi-wai, and 曹志煒. "Stringency of tests for random number generators." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2004. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B29748367.

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Chen, Andrew H. (Andrew Hwa-Fen). "Robustness of Parametric and Nonparametric Tests When Distances between Points Change on an Ordinal Measurement Scale." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1994. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc278300/.

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The purpose of this research was to evaluate the effect on parametric and nonparametric tests using ordinal data when the distances between points changed on the measurement scale. The research examined the performance of Type I and Type II error rates using selected parametric and nonparametric tests.

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37

Ragusa, Giuseppe. "Essays on moment conditions models econometrics /." Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 2005. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3170252.

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Berti, Annalisa. "A statistical combination method for the search of supersymmetry." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2021. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/24291/.

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Despite its success, the Standard Model of particle physics, is however not able to consistently explainmany subatomic phenomena. For this reason some new theories are being developed to complete andallow to go beyond the Standard Model. One of those theories is that of Supersymmetry, whichvalidity has not been not completely verified. In order to be sensitive to such rare processes, as theSUSY ones, complex statistical methods are to be used. In this thesis we perform a statisticalcombination of two searches for SUSY particles. In particular we will search for the pair production ofcharginos and neutralinos.To accomplish this task, is considered a statistical method aimed to determine, at which combinationsof the neutralinos’ masses the existence of those same particles can be excluded. The statisticalmethod consists in building a statistical model starting from an observation x= (n,a), which dependsamong other things from the mass values of the searched particles, then in using the hypothesis testingmethod on the models obtained from each mass combination. This way it’s possible to statisticallyestablish whether the hypothesis of the presence of a new signal over the background signal, i.e. of thesearched particles has to be excluded or not.This method is applied in two known cases, one in which the W/Z bosons involved in the studiedprocess are real and the other in which they are virtual, and in a third new case where the data of theother two is combined in order to lead a new analysis that allows a greater sensitivity in the search ofthe possible neutralino’s masses

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Ma, Linna. "Splitting frames based on hypothesis testing for patient motion compensation in SPECT." Link to electronic thesis, 2006. http://www.wpi.edu/Pubs/ETD/Available/etd-083006-154306/.

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40

Bunn, Wendy J. "Sensitivity to distributional assumptions in estimation of the ODP thresholding function /." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2007. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd1918.pdf.

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41

Wang, Yan. "Asymptotic theory for decentralized sequential hypothesis testing problems and sequential minimum energy design algorithm." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/41082.

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The dissertation investigates asymptotic theory of decentralized sequential hypothesis testing problems as well as asymptotic behaviors of the Sequential Minimum Energy Design (SMED). The main results are summarized as follows. 1.We develop the first-order asymptotic optimality theory for decentralized sequential multi-hypothesis testing under a Bayes framework. Asymptotically optimal tests are obtained from the class of "two-stage" procedures and the optimal local quantizers are shown to be the "maximin" quantizers that are characterized as a randomization of at most M-1 Unambiguous Likelihood Quantizers (ULQ) when testing M >= 2 hypotheses. 2. We generalize the classical Kullback-Leibler inequality to investigate the quantization effects on the second-order and other general-order moments of log-likelihood ratios. It is shown that a quantization may increase these quantities, but such an increase is bounded by a universal constant that depends on the order of the moment. This result provides a simpler sufficient condition for asymptotic theory of decentralized sequential detection. 3. We propose a class of multi-stage tests for decentralized sequential multi-hypothesis testing problems, and show that with suitably chosen thresholds at different stages, it can hold the second-order asymptotic optimality properties when the hypotheses testing problem is "asymmetric." 4. We characterize the asymptotic behaviors of SMED algorithm, particularly the denseness and distributions of the design points. In addition, we propose a simplified version of SMED that is computationally more efficient.

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42

MA, LINNA. "Splitting Frames Based on Hypothesis Testing for Patient Motion Compensation in SPECT." Digital WPI, 2006. https://digitalcommons.wpi.edu/etd-theses/1002.

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"Patient motion is a significant cause of artifacts in SPECT imaging. It is important to be able to detect when a patient undergoing SPECT imaging is stationary, and when significant motion has occurred, in order to selectively apply motion compensation. In our system, optical cameras observe reflective markers on the patient. Subsequent image processing determines the marker positions relative to the SPECT system, calculating patient motion. We use this information to decide how to aggregate detected gamma rays (events) into projection images (frames) for tomographic reconstruction. For the most part, patients are stationary, and all events acquired at a single detector angle are treated as a single frame. When a patient moves, it becomes necessary to split a frame into subframes during each of which the patient is stationary. This thesis presents a method for splitting frames based on hypothesis testing. Two competing hypotheses and probability model are designed. Whether to split frames is based on a Bayesian recursive estimation of the likelihood function. The estimation procedure lends itself to an efficient iterative implementation. We show that the frame splitting algorithm performance is good for a sample SNR. Different motion simulation cases are presented to verify the algorithm performance. This work is expected to improve the accuracy of motion compensation in clinical diagnoses."

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43

Zhang, Jian. "Bayesian multiple hypotheses testing with quadratic criterion." Thesis, Troyes, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014TROY0016/document.

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Le problème de détection et localisation d’anomalie peut être traité comme le problème du test entre des hypothèses multiples (THM) dans le cadre bayésien. Le test bayésien avec la fonction de perte 0−1 est une solution standard pour ce problème, mais les hypothèses alternatives pourraient avoir une importance tout à fait différente en pratique. La fonction de perte 0−1 ne reflète pas cette réalité tandis que la fonction de perte quadratique est plus appropriée. L’objectif de cette thèse est la conception d’un test bayésien avec la fonction de perte quadratique ainsi que son étude asymptotique. La construction de ce test est effectuée en deux étapes. Dans la première étape, un test bayésien avec la fonction de perte quadratique pour le problème du THM sans l’hypothèse de base est conçu et les bornes inférieures et supérieures des probabilités de classification erronée sont calculées. La deuxième étape construit un test bayésien pour le problème du THM avec l’hypothèse de base. Les bornes inférieures et supérieures des probabilités de fausse alarme, des probabilités de détection manquée, et des probabilités de classification erronée sont calculées. A partir de ces bornes, l’équivalence asymptotique entre le test proposé et le test standard avec la fonction de perte 0−1 est étudiée. Beaucoup d’expériences de simulation et une expérimentation acoustique ont illustré l’efficacité du nouveau test statistique
The anomaly detection and localization problem can be treated as a multiple hypotheses testing (MHT) problem in the Bayesian framework. The Bayesian test with the 0−1 loss function is a standard solution for this problem, but the alternative hypotheses have quite different importance in practice. The 0−1 loss function does not reflect this fact while the quadratic loss function is more appropriate. The objective of the thesis is the design of a Bayesian test with the quadratic loss function and its asymptotic study. The construction of the test is made in two steps. In the first step, a Bayesian test with the quadratic loss function for the MHT problem without the null hypothesis is designed and the lower and upper bounds of the misclassification probabilities are calculated. The second step constructs a Bayesian test for the MHT problem with the null hypothesis. The lower and upper bounds of the false alarm probabilities, the missed detection probabilities as well as the misclassification probabilities are calculated. From these bounds, the asymptotic equivalence between the proposed test and the standard one with the 0-1 loss function is studied. A lot of simulation and an acoustic experiment have illustrated the effectiveness of the new statistical test

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Palaszewski, Bo. "On multiple test procedures for finding deviating parameters /." Göteborg : Stockholm, Sweden : University of Göteborg ; Almqvist & Wiksell International [distributor], 1993. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=005857463&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.

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Abeyratne, Anura T. "Comparison of k-Weibull populations under random censoring /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 1996. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p9737910.

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An, Qian. "A Monte Carlo study of several alpha-adjustment procedures using a testing multiple hypotheses in factorial anova." Ohio : Ohio University, 2010. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1269439475.

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Li, Jinzheng. "Statistical detection with weak signals via regularization." Diss., University of Iowa, 2012. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/3337.

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There has been an increasing interest in uncovering smuggled nuclear materials associated with the War on Terror. Detection of special nuclear materials hidden in cargo containers is a major challenge in national and international security. We propose a new physics-based method to determine the presence of the spectral signature of one or more nuclides from a poorly resolved spectra with weak signatures. The method is different from traditional methods that rely primarily on peak finding algorithms. The new approach considers each of the signatures in the library to be a linear combination of subspectra. These subspectra are obtained by assuming a signature consisting of just one of the unique gamma rays emitted by the nuclei. We propose a Poisson regression model for deducing which nuclei are present in the observed spectrum. In recognition that a radiation source generally comprises few nuclear materials, the underlying Poisson model is sparse, i.e. most of the regression coefficients are zero (positive coefficients correspond to the presence of nuclear materials). We develop an iterative algorithm for a penalized likelihood estimation that prompts sparsity. We illustrate the efficacy of the proposed method by simulations using a variety of poorly resolved, low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) situations, which show that the proposed approach enjoys excellent empirical performance even with SNR as low as to -15db. The proposed method is shown to be variable-selection consistent, in the framework of increasing detection time and under mild regularity conditions. We study the problem of testing for shielding, i.e. the presence of intervening materials that attenuate the gamma ray signal. We show that, as detection time increases to infinity, the Lagrange multiplier test, the likelihood ratio test and Wald test are asymptotically equivalent, under the null hypothesis, and their asymptotic null distribution is Chi-square. We also derived the local power of these tests. We also develop a nonparametric approach for detecting spectra indicative of the presence of SNM. This approach characterizes the shape change in a spectrum from background radiation. We do this by proposing a dissimilarity function that characterizes the complete shape change of a spectrum from the background, over all energy channels. We derive the null asymptotic test distributions in terms of functionals of the Brownian bridge. Simulation results show that the proposed approach is very powerful and promising for detecting weak signals. It is able to accurately detect weak signals with SNR as low as -37db.

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Nashimoto, Kane. "Multiple comparison techniques for order restricted models /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2004. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p3144445.

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Marange, Chioneso Show. "Maximization of power in randomized clinical trials using the minimization treatment allocation technique." Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/399.

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Generally the primary goal of randomized clinical trials (RCT) is to make comparisons among two or more treatments hence clinical investigators require the most appropriate treatment allocation procedure to yield reliable results regardless of whether the ultimate data suggest a clinically important difference between the treatments being studied. Although recommended by many researchers, the utilization of minimization has been seldom reported in randomized trials mainly because of the controversy surrounding the statistical efficiency in detecting treatment effect and its complexity in implementation. Methods: A SAS simulation code was designed for allocating patients into two different treatment groups. Categorical prognostic factors were used together with multi-level response variables and demonstration of how simulation of data can help to determine the power of the minimization technique was carried out using ordinal logistic regression models. Results: Several scenarios were simulated in this study. Within the selected scenarios, increasing the sample size significantly increased the power of detecting the treatment effect. This was contrary to the case when the probability of allocation was decreased. Power did not change when the probability of allocation given that the treatment groups are balanced was increased. The probability of allocation { } k P was seen to be the only one with a significant effect on treatment balance. Conclusion: Maximum power can be achieved with a sample of size 300 although a small sample of size 200 can be adequate to attain at least 80% power. In order to have maximum power, the probability of allocation should be fixed at 0.75 and set to 0.5 if the treatment groups are equally balanced.

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Petzold, Max. "Evaluation of information in longitudinal data." Göteborg : Statistical Research Unit, Göteborg University, 2003. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/52551306.html.

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