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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Statistical inversions / Dissertations / Theses

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Statistical inversions'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 21 September 2024

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Boucher, Eulalie. "Designing Deep-Learning models for surface and atmospheric retrievals from the IASI infrared sounder." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024SORUS145.

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L'observation de la Terre est essentielle pour comprendre et surveiller le comportement complexe de notre planète. Les satellites, équipés d'un certain nombre de capteurs sophistiqués, constituent une plateforme clé à cet égard, offrant une opportunité d'observer la Terre à l'échelle globale et de manière continue. Les techniques d'apprentissage automatique (ML) sont utilisées depuis plusieurs décennies, dans la communauté de la télédétection, pour traiter la grande quantité de données générées quotidiennement par les systèmes d'observation de la Terre. La révolution apportée par les nouvelles

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2

Ladrón, de Guevara Cortés Rogelio. "Techniques For Estimating the Generative Multifactor Model of Returns in a Statistical Approach to the Arbitrage Pricing Theory. Evidence from the Mexican Stock Exchange." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/386545.

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This dissertation focuses on the estimation of the generative multifactor model of returns on equities, under a statistical approach of the Arbitrage Pricing Theory (APT), in the context of the Mexican Stock Exchange. Therefore, this research takes as frameworks two main issues: (i) the multifactor asset pricing models, specially the statistical risk factors approach, and (ii) the dimension reduction or feature extraction techniques: Principal Component Analysis, Factor Analysis, Independent Component Analysis and Non-linear Principal Component Analysis, utilized to extract the underlying syst

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3

Degenhardt, Sheldon. "Weighted-inversion statistics and their symmetry groups /." The Ohio State University, 1996. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487941504293867.

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4

Fletcher, R. P. "Statistical inversion of surface parameters from ATSR-2 satellite observations." Thesis, University of Reading, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.267415.

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5

Boberg, Jonas. "Counting Double-Descents and Double-Inversions in Permutations." Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för utbildning, kultur och kommunikation, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-54431.

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In this paper, new variations of some well-known permutation statistics are introduced and studied. Firstly, a double-descent of a permutation π is defined as a position i where πi ≥ 2πi+1. By proofs by induction and direct proofs, recursive and explicit expressions for the number of n-permutations with k double-descents are presented. Also, an expression for the total number of double-descents in all n-permutations is presented. Secondly, a double-inversion of a permutation π is defined as a pair (πi,πj) where i<j but πi ≥ 2πj. The total number of double-inversions in all n-permutations is

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6

Fu, Shuai. "Inversion probabiliste bayésienne en analyse d'incertitude." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00766341.

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Ce travail de recherche propose une solution aux problèmes inverses probabilistes avec des outils de la statistique bayésienne. Le problème inverse considéré est d'estimer la distribution d'une variable aléatoire non observée X a partir d'observations bruitées Y suivant un modèle physique coûteux H. En général, de tels problèmes inverses sont rencontrés dans le traitement des incertitudes. Le cadre bayésien nous permet de prendre en compte les connaissances préalables d'experts surtout avec peu de données disponibles. Un algorithme de Metropolis-Hastings-within-Gibbs est proposé pour approcher

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7

Chebikin, Denis. "Polytopes, generating functions, and new statistics related to descents and inversions in permutations." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/43793.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mathematics, 2008.<br>Includes bibliographical references (p. 75-76).<br>We study new statistics on permutations that are variations on the descent and the inversion statistics. In particular, we consider the alternating descent set of a permutation [sigma] = [sigma] 1 [sigma] 2 an defined as the set of indices i such that either i is odd and ai > ui+l, or i is even and au < au+l. We show that this statistic is equidistributed with the 3-descent set statistic on permutations [sigma] = [sigma] 1 [sigma] 2 ... [sigma] n+1 with al =

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8

Ars, Sébastien. "Caractérisation des émissions de méthane à l'échelle locale à l'aide d'une méthode d'inversion statistique basée sur un modèle gaussien paramétré avec les données d'un gaz traceur." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLV030/document.

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L'augmentation des concentrations de méthane dans l'atmosphère, directement imputable aux activités anthropiques, induit une accentuation de l'effet de serre et une dégradation de la qualité de l'air. Il existe encore à l'heure actuelle de grandes incertitudes concernant les estimations des émissions des dfférentes sources de méthane à l'échellelocale. Une meilleure caractérisation de ces sources permettrait de mettre en place des politiques d'adaptation et d'att énuation efficaces afin de réduire ces émissions. Nous avons développé une nouvelle méthode de quantificationdes émissions de méthan

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9

Goto, Isao. "Word Reordering for Statistical Machine Translation via Modeling Structural Differences between Languages." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/189374.

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2015-05-27に本文を差替<br>Kyoto University (京都大学)<br>0048<br>新制・課程博士<br>博士(情報学)<br>甲第18481号<br>情博第532号<br>新制||情||94(附属図書館)<br>31359<br>京都大学大学院情報学研究科知能情報学専攻<br>(主査)教授黒橋禎夫, 教授田中克己, 教授河原達也<br>学位規則第4条第1項該当

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10

Konečný, Zdeněk. "Statistická analýza složených rozdělení." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-229488.

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The probability distribution of a random variable created by summing a random number of the independent and identically distributed random variables is called a compound probability distribution. In this work is described a compound distribution as well as a calculation of its characteristics. Especially, the thesis is focused on studying a special case of compound distribution where each addend has the log-normal distribution and their number has the negative binomial distribution. Here are also described some approaches to estimate the parameters of LN and NB distribution. Further, the impac

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11

Roininen, L. (Lassi). "Discretisation-invariant and computationally efficient correlation priors for Bayesian inversion." Doctoral thesis, University of Oulu, 2015. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789526207544.

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Abstract We are interested in studying Gaussian Markov random fields as correlation priors for Bayesian inversion. We construct the correlation priors to be discretisation-invariant, which means, loosely speaking, that the discrete priors converge to continuous priors at the discretisation limit. We construct the priors with stochastic partial differential equations, which guarantees computational efficiency via sparse matrix approximations. The stationary correlation priors have a clear statistical interpretation through the autocorrelation function. We also consider how to make structural

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12

Lee, Se Il. "Statistical thermodynamics of virus assembly." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/33900.

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Experiments show that MgSO4 salt has a non-monotonic effect as a function of MgSO4 concentration on the ejection of DNA from bacteriophage lambda. There is a concentration, N0, at which the minimum amount of DNA is ejected. At lower or higher concentrations, more DNA is ejected. We propose that this non-monotonic behavior is due to the overcharging of DNA at high concentration of Mg⁺² counterions. As the Mg⁺² concentration increases from zero, the net charge of ejected DNA changes its sign from negative to positive. N0 corresponds to the concentration at which DNA is neutral. Our theory fits

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13

Klempner, Scott. "Statistical modeling of radiometric error propagation in support of hyperspectral imaging inversion and optimized ground sensor network design /." Online version of thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1850/7859.

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14

Ars, Sébastien. "Caractérisation des émissions de méthane à l'échelle locale à l'aide d'une méthode d'inversion statistique basée sur un modèle gaussien paramétré avec les données d'un gaz traceur." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLV030.

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L'augmentation des concentrations de méthane dans l'atmosphère, directement imputable aux activités anthropiques, induit une accentuation de l'effet de serre et une dégradation de la qualité de l'air. Il existe encore à l'heure actuelle de grandes incertitudes concernant les estimations des émissions des dfférentes sources de méthane à l'échellelocale. Une meilleure caractérisation de ces sources permettrait de mettre en place des politiques d'adaptation et d'att énuation efficaces afin de réduire ces émissions. Nous avons développé une nouvelle méthode de quantificationdes émissions de méthan

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15

Cheng, Ching-Chung. "Investigations into Green's function as inversion-free solution of the Kriging equation, with Geodetic applications." Connect to this title online, 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1095792962.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2004.<br>Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains ix, 125 p.; also includes graphics (some col.). Includes bibliographical references (p. 101-103).

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16

Han, Bin. "Gamma positivity in enumerative combinatorics." Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSE1115/document.

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La positivité gamma d’une suite combinatoire unifie à la fois l’unimodalité et la symétrie de cette suite. Trouver des nouvelles familles d’objets dont les polynômes énumératives ont une positivité gamma est un défi et un sujet important en combinatoire et géométrie. Il a attiré beaucoup d’attention ces derniers temps en raison de la conjecture de Gal, qui affirme que le gamma-vecteur a des coefficients positifs pour n’importe quel polytope simple. Souvent, le h-polynôme pour les polytopes simpliciaux de signification combinatoire peut être donné en tant que fonction génératrice sur un ensembl

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17

Krometis, Justin. "A Bayesian Approach to Estimating Background Flows from a Passive Scalar." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/83783.

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We consider the statistical inverse problem of estimating a background flow field (e.g., of air or water) from the partial and noisy observation of a passive scalar (e.g., the concentration of a pollutant). Here the unknown is a vector field that is specified by large or infinite number of degrees of freedom. We show that the inverse problem is ill-posed, i.e., there may be many or no background flows that match a given set of observations. We therefore adopt a Bayesian approach, incorporating prior knowledge of background flows and models of the observation error to develop probabilistic est

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18

Line, Michael R., Kevin B. Stevenson, Jacob Bean, et al. "NO THERMAL INVERSION AND A SOLAR WATER ABUNDANCE FOR THE HOT JUPITER HD 209458B FROM HST /WFC3 SPECTROSCOPY." IOP PUBLISHING LTD, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/622434.

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The nature of the thermal structure of hot Jupiter atmospheres is one of the key questions raised by the characterization of transiting exoplanets over the past decade. There have been claims that many hot Jupiters exhibit atmospheric thermal inversions. However, these claims have been based on broadband photometry rather than the unambiguous identification of emission features with spectroscopy, and the chemical species that could cause the thermal inversions by absorbing stellar irradiation at high altitudes have not been identified despite extensive theoretical and observational effort. Her

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19

Saers, Markus. "Translation as Linear Transduction : Models and Algorithms for Efficient Learning in Statistical Machine Translation." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för lingvistik och filologi, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-135704.

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Automatic translation has seen tremendous progress in recent years, mainly thanks to statistical methods applied to large parallel corpora. Transductions represent a principled approach to modeling translation, but existing transduction classes are either not expressive enough to capture structural regularities between natural languages or too complex to support efficient statistical induction on a large scale. A common approach is to severely prune search over a relatively unrestricted space of transduction grammars. These restrictions are often applied at different stages in a pipeline, with

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20

Ben, Youssef Atef. "Contrôle de têtes parlantes par inversion acoustico-articulatoire pour l’apprentissage et la réhabilitation du langage." Thesis, Grenoble, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011GRENT088/document.

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Les sons de parole peuvent être complétés par l'affichage des articulateurs sur un écran d'ordinateur pour produire de la parole augmentée, un signal potentiellement utile dans tous les cas où le son lui-même peut être difficile à comprendre, pour des raisons physiques ou perceptuelles. Dans cette thèse, nous présentons un système appelé retour articulatoire visuel, dans lequel les articulateurs visibles et non visibles d'une tête parlante sont contrôlés à partir de la voix du locuteur. La motivation de cette thèse était de développer un tel système qui pourrait être appliqué à l'aide à l'appr

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21

Baker, John C. III. "Application of the Fisher Dimer Model to DNA Condensation." VCU Scholars Compass, 2017. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/4791.

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This paper considers the statistical mechanics occupation of the edge of a single helix of DNA by simple polymers. Using Fisher's exact closed form solution for dimers on a two-dimensional lattice, a one-dimensional lattice is created mathematically that is occupied by dimers, monomers, and holes. The free energy, entropy, average occupation, and total charge on the lattice are found through the usual statistical methods. The results demonstrate the charge inversion required for a DNA helix to undergo DNA condensation.

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22

Harmouzi, Ouassima. "Reconnaissance détaillée de la partie nord-est du Bassin de Saïss (Maroc) : interprétation de sondages électriques verticaux par combinaison des méthodes statistique, géostatistique et d'inversion." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010BOR14030/document.

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La prospection géoélectrique est largement utilisée au Maroc pour des reconnaissances hydrogéologique. Le but de ce travail et de proposer de nouvelles techniques d’interprétation des sondages électriques verticaux en un temps réduit, et aussi de bien exploiter une base de données de sondages électriques, par l’établissement entre autre des images 2D horizontales et verticales de l’estimation de la distribution des résistivités électriques apparentes (modélisation géostatistique, inversion, etc.). Dans le but de caractériser électriquement le secteur d’étude (nord-est du Bassin de Saïss), une

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23

Bruned, Vianney. "Analyse statistique et interprétation automatique de données diagraphiques pétrolières différées à l’aide du calcul haute performance." Thesis, Montpellier, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018MONTS064.

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Dans cette thèse, on s'intéresse à l’automatisation de l’identification et de la caractérisation de strates géologiques à l’aide des diagraphies de puits. Au sein d’un puits, on détermine les strates géologiques grâce à la segmentation des diagraphies assimilables à des séries temporelles multivariées. L’identification des strates de différents puits d’un même champ pétrolier nécessite des méthodes de corrélation de séries temporelles. On propose une nouvelle méthode globale de corrélation de puits utilisant les méthodes d’alignement multiple de séquences issues de la bio-informatique. La déte

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24

Dzharayan, Gayk, and Elena Voronova. "Pricing of exotic options under the Kou model by using the Laplace transform." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Tillämpad matematik och fysik (MPE-lab), 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-16023.

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In this thesis we present the Laplace transform method of option pricing and it's realization, also compare it with another methods. We consider vanilla and exotic options, but more attention we pay to the two-asset correlation options. We chose the one of the modifications of Black-Scholes model, the Kou double exponential jump-diffusion model with the double exponential distribution of jumps, as model of the underlying stock prices development. The computations was done by the Laplace transform and it's inversion by the Euler method. We will present in details proof of finding Laplace transf

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25

Marchetto, Enrico. "Automatic Speaker Recognition and Characterization by means of Robust Vocal Source Features." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3427390.

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Automatic Speaker Recognition is a wide research field, which encompasses many topics: signal processing, human vocal and auditory physiology, statistical modelling, cognitive sciences, and so on. The study of these techniques started about thirty years ago and, since then, the improvement has been dramatic. Nonetheless the field still poses open issues and many active research centers around the world are working towards more reliable and better performing systems. This thesis documents a Philosophiae Doctor project funded by the private held company RT - Radio Trevisan Elettronica Industr

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Martínez, Buixeda Raül. "Hedge Funds: Inferencia del riesgo en un escenario real de estrés severo." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/386569.

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La expansión de la industria de los hedge funds a lo largo del presente siglo ha sido extraordinaria, especialmente hasta el estallido de la crisis subprime. Según estimaciones de HFR publicadas por CAIA en 2014 los activos bajo gestión de single hedge funds y fund of hedge funds pasaron de 456,43 millardos de USD en 1999 a 1,87 billones de USD en 2007. La exposición de los hedge funds a factores de riesgo no convencionales, con distribuciones de rentabilidad poco habituales en la industria de la gestión tradicional, y su alto grado de opacidad, han propiciado un aumento sustancial de la te

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Štys, Jiří. "Implementace statistických kompresních metod." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta informačních technologií, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-413295.

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This thesis describes Burrow-Wheeler compression algorithm. It focuses on each part of Burrow-Wheeler algorithm, most of all on and entropic coders. In section are described methods like move to front, inverse frequences, interval coding, etc. Among the described entropy coders are Huffman, arithmetic and Rice-Golomg coders. In conclusion there is testing of described methods of global structure transformation and entropic coders. Best combinations are compared with the most common compress algorithm.

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Pagliarani, Stefano. "Portfolio optimization and option pricing under defaultable Lévy driven models." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3423519.

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In this thesis we study some portfolio optimization and option pricing problems in market models where the dynamics of one or more risky assets are driven by Lévy processes, and it is divided in four independent parts. In the first part we study the portfolio optimization problem, for the logarithmic terminal utility and the logarithmic consumption utility, in a multi-defaultable Lévy driven model. In the second part we introduce a novel technique to price European defaultable claims when the pre-defaultable dynamics of the underlying asset follows an exponential Lévy process. In the third

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Kasraoui, Anisse. "Études combinatoires sur les permutations et partitions d'ensemble." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00393631.

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Cette thèse regroupe plusieurs travaux de combinatoire énumérative sur les permutations et permutations d'ensemble. Elle comporte 4 parties.Dans la première partie, nous répondons aux conjectures de Steingrimsson sur les partitions ordonnées d'ensemble. Plus précisément, nous montrons que les statistiques de Steingrimsson sur les partitions ordonnées d'ensemble ont la distribution euler-mahonienne. Dans la deuxième partie, nous introduisons et étudions une nouvelle classe de statistiques sur les mots : les statistiques "maj-inv". Ces dernières sont des interpolations graphiques des célèbres st

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Herbei, Radu. "Quasi-3D statistical inversion of oceanographic tracer data." 2006. http://etd.lib.fsu.edu/theses/available/07102006-131014.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Florida State University, 2006.<br>Advisors: Kevin Speer, Martin Wegkamp, Florida State University, College of Arts and Sciences, Dept. of Statistics. Title and description from dissertation home page (viewed Sept. 20, 2006). Document formatted into pages; contains x, 48 pages. Includes bibliographical references.

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Conway, Dennis. "Advances in Magnetotelluric Modelling: Time-Lapse Inversion, Bayesian Inversion and Machine Learning." Thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/120299.

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This thesis presents advancements to the area of magnetotelluric (MT) modelling. There are three main aims to this work. The first aim is to implement an inversion to model time-lapse MT data in a temporal dimension. The algorithm considers the entire dataset at once, with penalisations for model roughness in both the spatial and temporal dimensions. The inversion is tested on synthetic data, as well as a case-study from a coal-seam gas dewatering survey. Second is to explore the problem of nonuniqueness in MT data inversion by implementing a 1D Bayesian inversion using an efficient sampler. T

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"A multiscale, statistically-based inversion scheme for linearized inverse scattering problems." Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Laboratory for Information and Decision Systems], 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/3387.

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Eric L. Miller, Alan S. Willsky.<br>Includes bibliographical references (p. 34-36).<br>Supported by the Office of Naval Research. N00014-91-J-1004 Supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research. AFOSR-92-J-0002 Supported by the Advanced Research Project Agency under an Air Force grant. F49620-93-1-0604 Supported in part by a US Air Force Laboratory Graduate Fellowship.

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Herrmann, Felix J. "Phase transitions in explorations seismology : statistical mechanics meets information theory." 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/606.

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n this paper, two different applications of phase transitions to exploration seismology will be discussed. The first application concerns a phase diagram ruling the recovery conditions for seismic data volumes from incomplete and noisy data while the second phase transition describes the behavior of bi-compositional mixtures as a function of the volume fraction. In both cases, the phase transitions are the result of randomness in large system of equations in combination with nonlinearity. The seismic recovery problem from incomplete data involves the inversion of a rectangular matrix. Recent r

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Martin, James Robert Ph D. "A computational framework for the solution of infinite-dimensional Bayesian statistical inverse problems with application to global seismic inversion." Thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/31374.

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Quantifying uncertainties in large-scale forward and inverse PDE simulations has emerged as a central challenge facing the field of computational science and engineering. The promise of modeling and simulation for prediction, design, and control cannot be fully realized unless uncertainties in models are rigorously quantified, since this uncertainty can potentially overwhelm the computed result. While statistical inverse problems can be solved today for smaller models with a handful of uncertain parameters, this task is computationally intractable using contemporary algorithms for complex syst

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Myers, Timothy F. "Proposed implementation of a near-far resistant multiuser detector without matrix inversion using Delta-Sigma modulation." Thesis, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/37132.

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A new algorithm is proposed which provides a sub-optimum near-far resistant pattern for correlation with a known signal in a spread-spectrum multiple access environment with additive white gaussian noise (AWGN). Only the patterns and respective delays of the K-1 interfering users are required. The technique does not require the inversion of a cross-correlation matrix. The technique can be easily extended to as many users as desired using a simple recursion equation. The computational complexity is O(K²) for each user to be decoded. It is shown that this method provides the same results as the

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Sagar, Stephen. "Inversion of remote sensing data in a shallow water environment using a trans-dimensional probabilistic framework." Phd thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/150201.

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Image data from remote sensing platforms offer an opportunity to observe and monitor the physical environment at a scale and precision unavailable to previous generations. The ability to estimate environmental parameters in a range of terrestrial and aquatic scenarios, often in remote and inaccessible areas, is a key benefit of using remote sensing data. Estimating physical parameters from remote sensing data takes the form of an inverse problem, predominately tackled using single solution optimisation approaches applied on a pixel-by-pixel basis. These types of inversion methods are poorly su

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Chevalier, Clément. "Fast uncertainty reduction strategies relying on Gaussian process models." Phd thesis, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00879082.

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Cette thèse traite de stratégies d'évaluation séquentielle et batch-séquentielle de fonctions à valeurs réelles sous un budget d'évaluation limité, à l'aide de modèles à processus Gaussiens. Des stratégies optimales de réduction séquentielle d'incertitude (SUR) sont étudiées pour deux problèmes différents, motivés par des cas d'application en sûreté nucléaire. Tout d'abord, nous traitons le problème d'identification d'un ensemble d'excursion au dessus d'un seuil T d'une fonction f à valeurs réelles. Ensuite, nous étudions le problème d'identification de l'ensemble des configurations "robustes,

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Kuponiyi, Ayodeji Paul. "Imaging major Canadian sedimentary basins and their adjacent structures using ambient seismic noise (and other applications of seismic noise)." Thesis, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1828/12947.

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Abstract:

Over a decade ago, it was discovered that the earth’s natural seismic wavefields, propagating as seismic noise, can be processed using correlation methods to produce surface waves, similar to those generated by earthquakes. This discovery represents a paradigm shift in seismology and has led to several tomographic studies of earth structures, at different scales and resolutions, in previously difficult-to-study areas around the world. This PhD dissertation presents research results on multi-scale and multi-purpose applications of ambient seismic noise wavefields under three topics: (1) Imaging

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