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1
Schivo, Stefano. "Statistical Model Checking of Web Services." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Trento, 2010. https://hdl.handle.net/11572/368768.
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In recent years, the increasing interest on service-oriented paradigm has given rise to a series of supporting tools and languages. In particular, COWS (Calculus for Orchestration of Web Services) has been attracting the attention of part of the scientific community for its peculiar effort in formalising the semantics of the de facto standard Web Services orchestration language WS-BPEL. The purpose of the present work is to provide the tools for representing and evaluating the performance of Web Services modelled through COWS. In order to do this, a stochastic version of COWS is proposed: such a language allows us to describe the performance of the modelled systems and thus to represent Web Services both from the qualitative and quantitative points of view. In particular, we provide COWS with an extension which maintains the polyadic matching mechanism: this way, the language will still provide the capability to explicitly model the use of session identifiers. The resulting Scows is then equipped with a software tool which allows us to effectively perform model checking without incurring into the problem of state-space explosion, which would otherwise thwart the computation efforts even when checking relatively small models. In order to obtain this result, the proposed tool relies on the statistical analysis of simulation traces, which allows us to deal with large state-spaces without the actual need to completely explore them. Such an improvement in model checking performances comes at the price of accuracy in the answers provided: for this reason, users can trade-off speed against accuracy by modifying a series of parameters. In order to assess the efficiency of the proposed technique, our tool is compared with a number of existing model checking softwares.
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Schivo, Stefano. "Statistical Model Checking of Web Services." Doctoral thesis, University of Trento, 2010. http://eprints-phd.biblio.unitn.it/231/1/PhD-Thesis.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
In recent years, the increasing interest on service-oriented paradigm has given rise to a series of supporting tools and languages. In particular, COWS (Calculus for Orchestration of Web Services) has been attracting the attention of part of the scientific community for its peculiar effort in formalising the semantics of the de facto standard Web Services orchestration language WS-BPEL. The purpose of the present work is to provide the tools for representing and evaluating the performance of Web Services modelled through COWS. In order to do this, a stochastic version of COWS is proposed: such a language allows us to describe the performance of the modelled systems and thus to represent Web Services both from the qualitative and quantitative points of view. In particular, we provide COWS with an extension which maintains the polyadic matching mechanism: this way, the language will still provide the capability to explicitly model the use of session identifiers. The resulting Scows is then equipped with a software tool which allows us to effectively perform model checking without incurring into the problem of state-space explosion, which would otherwise thwart the computation efforts even when checking relatively small models. In order to obtain this result, the proposed tool relies on the statistical analysis of simulation traces, which allows us to deal with large state-spaces without the actual need to completely explore them. Such an improvement in model checking performances comes at the price of accuracy in the answers provided: for this reason, users can trade-off speed against accuracy by modifying a series of parameters. In order to assess the efficiency of the proposed technique, our tool is compared with a number of existing model checking softwares.
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Millns, Helen. "The application of statistical methods to the analysis of diet and coronary heart disease in Scotland." Thesis, University of Reading, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.262102.
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Hosseini, Mostafa. "Construction of height and weight growth charts for Iran, with an investigation of appropriate statistical methods." Thesis, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (University of London), 1997. http://researchonline.lshtm.ac.uk/682246/.
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Data on weights and heights of children 2-18 years old in Iran were obtained in a National Health Survey of families in 1990-2, with a sampling ratio of 1 in 1000. In total 10660 households were surveyed in random cluster samples of households in all 24 provinces of Iran. The data are hierarchically structured with children in families, families in clusters and clusters in provinces. The main aim of the thesis is to use the survey data on height and weight to model growth pattern of children and adolescents in Iran and the construction of growth charts for height and weight. After removing the outliers in the data by multivariate analysis, regional variation in growth patterns were studied by constructing multilevel models. The results of these analyses showed that the data from Urban Tehran can be used as a reasonable baseline for the country, and further investigations of distributions of different centiles confirmed this. Three recently developed techniques of chart construction were compared with a chart constructed from a multilevel model to see which method produces centiles which fit the data best. the data structure has little effect on estimates of population centiles. The HRY method using spline procedure is shown to produce the best fit, and this technique has been used to construct the growth charts of weight and height for Iranian boys and girls. Checks confirm that all these curves fit the data well. However, growth of rural children differs significantly from that of children in urban Iran; a practical solution enabling one set of charts to be used for both groups of children is proposed. In view of the difference between the Tehran charts and the NCHS reference centiles, it is concluded that charts presented here should be adopted as the new reference curves for children in Iran.
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Chen, Tom. "Maintenance policies under warranty period : from a statistical point of view /." Digital version accessible at:, 1998. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/main.
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Harissis, K. "Staff turnover and wastage in the personal social services : A statistical approach." Thesis, University of Kent, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.372767.
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Park, Sun-Young. "Child Care Services: Two Statistical/Econometric Approaches to Household Choice and Demand /." The Ohio State University, 1995. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487931512617121.
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Martinez, Antonio. "A statistical analysis of the deterrence effects of the Military Services' Drug testing policies." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 1998. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA346051.
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Thesis (M.S. in Management) Naval Postgraduate School, March 1998."March 1998." Thesis advisor(s): Stephen L. Mehay, Rosalie Liccardo Pacula. Includes bibliographical references (p. 89). Also available online.
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Rasuba, Maanda. "Statistical relationship of customer behavioral characteristics in personal banking." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/1165.
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This study investigates the relationship of bank customers’ behavioural patterns based on the customers past transactions, with respect to their profile characteristics. The main aim of this study is to illustrate that different categories of customers (based on demographical variables such as race, gender and age) have statistically significant differences in behaviour, with respect to how they operate their accounts. A theoretical overview on the literature of customer relationship management in the banking sector emphasises the importance of understanding customers to ensure that a business is successful. Four null-hypotheses where formulated based on a general research hypothesis. The data base provided a major South African bank is used to achieve the objectives. Extensive cleaning of the data set was necessary to ensure the validity of the results. The data set had 7860 customer keys. The large data base used contributed to the reliability of the results. The following behavioural variables were used in the study namely, transaction data, average debit and credit transaction amounts and average number of transactions per month. The main results of study indicate that different customer categories have statistically significant differences in behaviour, with respect to how customers operate their accounts. This implies that it is important for the banking sector to consider customer gender differences, age differences and race group differences in the relationship strategies which they employ in their multicultural environment. Further research in the area may be necessary before generalisation can be made on all banking customers.
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Karpuk, Deborah J. "Managerial Style and the Use of Statistical Data in Techincal Services Units in Selected Academic Libraries." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1992. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc278834/.
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The primary purpose of this study was to test the following hypothesis: The internal use (use within the technical services unit for decision making and planning) of statistical data will be significantly higher for managers scoring in the Sensing-Thinking (ST) scale of the self-assessment instrument Myers-Briggs Type Indicator. A Technical Services Statistics Survey Form was developed in order to collect statistical data from the technical services managers participating in the study. The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator was utilized to record managers' personal management style. Thirty-two managers participated in the two-part study. The hypothesis of the study was not supported because no significant differences in the predicted direction were found to exist between the use of the technical services statistics and management style groups as measured by the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator. (A Mann-Whitney U Test was used due to the small, uneven sample size.) There were significant differences between Sensing-Thinking (ST) and Intuitive-Feeling (NF) types, but not in the direction predicted by the hypothesis. Possible explanations for this unexpected finding include the very small sample size, the larger percentage of male respondents in the NF type, and the larger percentage of respondents from smaller institutions in the NF type. (Gender and institutional size were not analyzed in this study.) A sharp contrast existed in the number and guality of comments provided by Sensing-Thinking (ST) and Intuitive-Thinking (NT) types, both of whom tended to write lengthy detailed comments elaborating on each statistic. Sensing-Feeling (SF) and Intuitive-Feeling (NF) types provided little or no comment on the Technical Services Statistics Form. The results of this research have implications for examining the technical services statistics collected in technical services units: the frequency of analysis; their importance for planning; the use of these statistics; and the level at which the statistic is used for decision making. Other implications pertain to the automation of statistical data and the use or non-use of the automated reports available.
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Worthley, David Bruce. "A statistical analysis of the difference between juvenile child molesters and juvenile rapists." Thesis, Boston University, 2001. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/33598.
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Thesis (Ed.D.)--Boston UniversityPLEASE NOTE: Boston University Libraries did not receive an Authorization To Manage form for this thesis or dissertation. It is therefore not openly accessible, though it may be available by request. If you are the author or principal advisor of this work and would like to request open access for it, please contact us at open-help@bu.edu. Thank you.
Within the past twenty years, juvenile sexual assault has become a major focus on several levels, including appropriate treatment variables, indicators of recidivism, and appropriate legal response to adolescents with a history of deviant sexual acting out. There are several variables that warrant research in the process of clarifying the differences between adolescent child molesters and adolescent rapists, in an effort to determine recidivism and criminal characteristics of each subtype. Level of coercion, victim selection, age of victim, level of offense, familiar history, self-esteem disorders and age of offender are variables that are summarized in this study. The researcher employed a cross sectional correlational design in order to determine whether juvenile rapists and juvenile child molesters differed on several variables, and to explore relationships and differences among several factors. Several different tests of significance were used for testing the hypothesis and research questions in this study, including t-tests, and Pearson Chi-Square correlations. The subjects in this study consist of 120 male, juvenile sex offenders (aged 13-19), all adjudicated delinquent and in the custody of the Massachusetts Department of Youth Services. Of the 120 subjects, 48 of the juveniles (40%) offended against victims classified as "child victims", or victims who were at least 5 years younger than the offending juvenile, and 72 of the juveniles (60%) offended against peer aged victims. Results of the study indicate the following: there is no significant age difference between adolescent child molesters and adolescent rapists; adolescent rapist and adolescent child molesters have similar abuse histories; adolescent child molesters tend to use less violent methods of coercion than adolescent rapists, adolescent child molesters are more likely than adolescent rapists to choose males as victims; adolescent child mo esters and adolescent rapists both choose to victimize acquaintances at an usually high rate; adolescent child molesters and adolescent rapists commit the same type of sexual offenses at an equal rate. Discussed also in this study is a review of current laws and statutes regarding juvenile sex offenders.
2031-01-01
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Diddmas, Richard L. "A statistical analysis of the deterrence and substitution effects of the military services' drug prevention programs /." Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 1999. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA361316.
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Thesis (M.S. in Management) Naval Postgraduate School, March 1999.Thesis advisor(s): Stephen L. Mehay, Julie Filizetti. "March 1999". Includes bibliographical references (p. 93). Also available online.
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Diddams, Richard L. "A statistical analysis of the deterrence and substitution effects of the military services' drug prevention programs." Thesis, Monterey, California: Naval Postgraduate School, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/13597.
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This thesis measures the deterrence and substitution effects of the military's drug testing program. Data used is from the 1995 and 1980 versions of the Department of Defense "Survey of Health Related Behaviors Among Military Personnel" and the 1995 and 1979 versions of the "National Household Survey on Drug Abuse." The statistical analyses examine three separate but related topics: (1) The deterrence effect of the military's drug prevention programs; (2) The possible substitution of legal for illegal substances; and (3) The role of selection bias in estimates of the deterrence effect. The results indicate that the military's drug testing program is a deterrence to illicit drug use. The results also provide evidence that the military's drug testing program produces an unanticipated positive effect of reducing heavy alcohol consumption. Lastly, results of our analysis indicate that there is no selection bias; individuals who are likely to choose military service would not be less prone to use illicit drugs than their civilian counterparts in the absence of the testing program.
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Gadenne, David L. "A Comparative Study of Accounting Information Users and Statistical Models in a Financial Distress Prediction Task." Thesis, Griffith University, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/367843.
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The recent recessionary conditions in Australia precipitated an increase in the number of public company failures. This increase in company failure has consequences for accountants who are concerned with providing interested user groups with information relevant for predictions of the future financial position of the firm. (See Statement of Accounting Concepts, SAC 2). The interested user groups in this context include auditors, bank loan officers, and security analysts. Auditors require this type of information to make going concern judgements; bank loan officers require this information to make corporate loan approvals; whereas security analysts require this information to minimise investment risk. Previous research has found that these user groups are invariably outperformed by environmental models in predicting financial distress. However, this research is problematic in terms of the information set used and the methods of comparison. The research in this thesis aims to overcome these problems. The main objectives of this thesis are (1) to show that human decision performance is not necessarily inferior to that of environmental models when the information set is based on information considered to be useful and important to each of the above three groups, (2) to develop new environmental models which have practical relevance to user groups, (3) to compare the decision performance of all three user groups with environmental models and models of man, and (4) to examine how variation in information condition may affect decision quality, via information load, data load and uncertainty. These objectives were achieved by (1) administering an exploratory survey that elicited the current needs of all three user groups, (2) conducting an experiment that considered the impact of the information found to be useful and important to user groups on decisions involving financial distress prediction, and (3) constructing environmental models and models of man.
The results of the exploratory survey indicated that the user groups found certain major classes of information to be useful and important for financial distress prediction. These items were subsequently operationalised in the form of three different levels of information, appropriate for (1) human decision making, and (2) the development of new statistical (environmental) model specifications. The resulting statistical models contained new measures of relative firm/industry performance and relative firm/economy performance. The experiment conducted in this thesis considered the effect of the different levels of information on the decision accuracy of the three user groups. The results revealed some differences between the user groups regarding the effects of information condition on decision accuracy, via the three intervening variables. Information condition was found to (1) significantly affect subjective uncertainty for bank loan officers but not for auditors and security analysts, and (2) significantly affect subjective data load for bank loan officers and security analysts but not for auditors. In the high versus medium information condition comparison, the significant reduction in uncertainty for bank loan officers resulted in higher decision accuracy (which was consistent with the result for the environmental model); however, in the medium versus low information condition comparison, since the reduction in uncertainty was offset by a corresponding increase in data load, there was no significant change in decision accuracy. The significant increase in data load for security analysts did not significantly affect decision accuracy. Comparisons of human decision makers with statistical models showed that in the low and medium information conditions, the decision accuracy of each user group was not significantly different from that of the statistical models; while in the high information condition the accuracy of the statistical model was significantly higher than that of each user group. This result suggests that the higher data load in the high versus medium and low information conditions may have adversely affected the decision accuracy of the three user groups. Comparisons of all three user groups with their respective models of man revealed that (1) bank loan officers were more consistent in their judgement policies than the other two groups, (which may reflect the banks' uniformity in training programs or the bank loan officers' greater experience in dealing with financial distress predictions) and (2) each user group performed at a lower level than the model of man in the higher information condition, (which may reflect the detrimental effect of data load on consistency in judgement policy). Finally, comparisons of all three groups in relation to self insight and confidence assessments revealed no significant differences, irrespective of changes in the level of information condition. The implications of the thesis findings for future practice include (1) training of various user groups in the use of industry and financial markets information for financial distress decisions, (2) use of a statistical model as a decision aid in situations where data load is high, (3) encouragement of accounting policy setters to focus on reporting information that is more directly relevant to the needs of user groups, and (4) improvement in the consistency of judgement policy by providing decision makers with more specific guidelines for financial distress predictions.Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
Griffith Business School
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Spreco, Armin. "Epidemiological and statistical basis for detection and prediction of influenza epidemics." Doctoral thesis, Linköpings universitet, Avdelningen för samhällsmedicin, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-136553.
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A large number of emerging infectious diseases (including influenza epidemics) has been identified during the last century. The emergence and re-emergence of infectious diseases have a negative impact on global health. Influenza epidemics alone cause between 3 and 5 million cases of severe illness annually, and between 250,000 and 500,000 deaths. In addition to the human suffering, influenza epidemics also impose heavy demands on the health care system. For example, hospitals and intensive care units have limited excess capacity during infectious diseases epidemics. Therefore, it is important that increased influenza activity is noticed early at local levels to allow time to adjust primary care and hospital resources that are already under pressure. Algorithms for the detection and prediction of influenza epidemics are essential components to achieve this. Although a large number of studies have reported algorithms for detection or prediction of influenza epidemics, outputs that fulfil standard criteria for operational readiness are seldom produced. Furthermore, in the light of the rapidly growing availability of “Big Data” from both diagnostic and prediagnostic (syndromic) data sources in health care and public health settings, a new generation of epidemiologic and statistical methods, using several data sources, is desired for reliable analyses and modeling. The rationale for this thesis was to inform the planning of local response measures and adjustments to health care capacity during influenza epidemics. The overall aim was to develop a method for detection and prediction of influenza epidemics. Before developing the method, three preparatory studies were performed. In the first of these studies, the associations (in terms of correlation) between diagnostic and pre-diagnostic data sources were examined, with the aim of investigating the potential of these sources for use in influenza surveillance systems. In the second study, a literature study of detection and prediction algorithms used in the field of influenza surveillance was performed. In the third study, the algorithms found in the previous study were compared in a prospective evaluation study. In the fourth study, a method for nowcasting of influenza activity was developed using electronically available data for real-time surveillance in local settings followed by retrospective application on the same data. This method includes three functions: detection of the start of the epidemic at the local level and predictions of the peak timing and the peak intensity. In the fifth and final study, the nowcasting method was evaluated by prospective application on authentic data from Östergötland County, Sweden. In the first study, correlations with large effect sizes between diagnostic and pre-diagnostic data were found, indicating that pre-diagnostic data sources have potential for use in influenza surveillance systems. However, it was concluded that further longitudinal research incorporating prospective evaluations is required before these sources can be used for this purpose. In the second study, a meta-narrative review approach was used in which two narratives for reporting prospective evaluation of influenza detection and prediction algorithms were identified: the biodefence informatics narrative and the health policy research narrative. As a result of the promising performances of one detection algorithm and one prediction algorithm in the third study, it was concluded that both further evaluation research and research on methods for nowcasting of influenza activity were warranted. In the fourth study, the performance of the nowcasting method was promising when applied on retrospective data but it was concluded that thorough prospective evaluations are necessary before recommending the method for broader use. In the fifth study, the performance of the nowcasting method was promising when prospectively applied on authentic data, implying that the method has potential for routine use. In future studies, the validity of the nowcasting method must be investigated by application and further evaluation in multiple local settings, including large urbanizations.
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Panagiotakopoulos, Dimitri. "Robust statistical framework for monitoring the integrity of space-based navigation systems, and preparing the marketplace for integrity-based services." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.520856.
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Barra, Hugo Botelho 1976. "Evaluating the implementation of new services models in the financial advisory industry : a statistical data mining and system dynamics approach." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/8067.
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Thesis (M.Eng.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2002.Includes bibliographical references (p. 74).
Program Alpha is a new business practice model designed to increase service quality and productivity of one of the world's largest financial services organizations, by implementing structured time management and a disciplined client and prospect contract process. This thesis quantitatively and qualitatively evaluates business impact of this program, by developing and applying two analytical frameworks. We first present and develop a System Dynamics framework for interpretation of qualitative information collected through interviews, focus groups and surveys, which measure the impact of Program Alpha from operational, organizational and behavioral perspectives. Secondly, we present a Statistical Data Mining framework for interpretation of quantitative financial and customer preference information. Using this framework, we generate a preliminary set of algorithmic guidelines for improvement of Program Alpha in future deployment stages. Such guidelines, based on statistical learning algorithms applied to historical data, aim to streamline the client segmentation process at the core of Program Alpha.
by Hugh Botelho Barra.
M.Eng.
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Kadlec, Jiri. "Design, Development and Testing of Web Services for Multi-Sensor Snow Cover Mapping." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2016. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/5727.
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This dissertation presents the design, development and validation of new data integration methods for mapping the extent of snow cover based on open access ground station measurements, remote sensing images, volunteer observer snow reports, and cross country ski track recordings from location-enabled mobile devices. The first step of the data integration procedure includes data discovery, data retrieval, and data quality control of snow observations at ground stations. The WaterML R package developed in this work enables hydrologists to retrieve and analyze data from multiple organizations that are listed in the Consortium of Universities for the Advancement of Hydrologic Sciences Inc (CUAHSI) Water Data Center catalog directly within the R statistical software environment. Using the WaterML R package is demonstrated by running an energy balance snowpack model in R with data inputs from CUAHSI, and by automating uploads of real time sensor observations to CUAHSI HydroServer. The second step of the procedure requires efficient access to multi-temporal remote sensing snow images. The Snow Inspector web application developed in this research enables the users to retrieve a time series of fractional snow cover from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) for any point on Earth. The time series retrieval method is based on automated data extraction from tile images provided by a Web Map Tile Service (WMTS). The average required time for retrieving 100 days of data using this technique is 5.4 seconds, which is significantly faster than other methods that require the download of large satellite image files. The presented data extraction technique and space-time visualization user interface can be used as a model for working with other multi-temporal hydrologic or climate data WMTS services. The third, final step of the data integration procedure is generating continuous daily snow cover maps. A custom inverse distance weighting method has been developed to combine volunteer snow reports, cross-country ski track reports and station measurements to fill cloud gaps in the MODIS snow cover product. The method is demonstrated by producing a continuous daily time step snow presence probability map dataset for the Czech Republic region. The ability of the presented methodology to reconstruct MODIS snow cover under cloud is validated by simulating cloud cover datasets and comparing estimated snow cover to actual MODIS snow cover. The percent correctly classified indicator showed accuracy between 80 and 90% using this method. Using crowdsourcing data (volunteer snow reports and ski tracks) improves the map accuracy by 0.7 – 1.2 %. The output snow probability map data sets are published online using web applications and web services.
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Fendrich, Arthur Nicolaus. "Análise de custo-eficácia dos pagamentos por serviços ambientais em paisagens fragmentadas: estudo de caso de São Paulo." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18139/tde-18012018-144128/.
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Mesmo com o crescimento da dependência da vida humana em relação aos serviços ecossistêmicos, a taxa de perda de diversidade genética no planeta tem alcançado níveis semelhantes à de grandes eventos de extinção, evidenciando a necessidade de ações para a conservação dos recursos naturais. Em adição aos tradicionais instrumentos de comando e controle para a conservação, os instrumentos econômicos têm tido crescente atenção no mundo nos últimos anos, com especial destaque para os Pagamentos por Serviços Ambientais (PSA). A abordagem de pagamentos de incentivos tem crescido na última década e, apesar das potencialidades que o PSA apresenta, muitos programas falham em incorporar o conhecimento científico em sua execução, sendo esse um dos aspectos que podem acarretar baixo desempenho ambiental e econômico. Neste contexto, o presente projeto buscou avaliar a custo-eficácia do PSA em paisagens fragmentadas. A área de estudo é o estado de São Paulo, cuja fragmentação historicamente ocorre pela expansão agropecuária e pelos diversos impactos decorrentes do grande crescimento populacional em seu território. Foram distribuídos questionários para a obtenção das preferências dos proprietários rurais paulistas em relação aos programas de PSA para restauração de vegetação nativa. Os dados coletados foram relacionados a características socioeconômicas e ambientais e um modelo beta inflacionado de zero misto dentro da classe GAMLSS foi utilizado. Em seguida, o modelo foi utilizado para predizer os resultados para os proprietários não entrevistados e a curva de investimento para diferentes retornos para conservação foi construída. Os resultados apontaram que o PSA é uma alternativa muito custosa frente aos orçamentos ambientais paulistas e que traz poucos benefícios para a restauração no estado de São Paulo. A pesquisa possui uma vertente teórica, pois contribui para a compreensão da adequabilidade do PSA em paisagens fragmentadas, e uma vertente prática, pois explicita a quantidade de recursos necessária para a execução dos programas analisados.Although the dependence of human activities on ecosystem services has risen in the past decades, the current rate of genetic diversity loss has substantially declined and reached alarming levels. In addition to the traditional command and control approach for the promotion of conservation, growing attention has been given to economic instruments, especially to Payments for Environmental Services (PES). Despite all potentialities of the PES instrument, many programs fail to introduce scientic knowledge in the execution. Such a lack of foundation may result in low environmental and economic performance. The present research aims at evaluating the cost-effectiveness of PES in fragmented landscapes. The study area is the state of São Paulo, which has been fragmented by the agricultural and pasture expansion, and the impacts linked to the large population growth. A survey with dierent PES programs was sent to rural landowners and responses were analyzed and linked to socioeconomic and environmental characteristics through a zero-inflated beta mixed model, within the GAMLSS framework. The model was used to predict enrollment of non-respondents in different PES programs. Finally, the relationship between total area for restoration and the amount of resources needed for each program was compared to the environmental budget of the state of São Paulo. Results show that PES is a very costly alternative that can provide only few results for restoration. The present work has a theoretical orientation, as it contributes to the comprehension of the feasibility of PES programs in fragmented landscapes, and a practical orientation, as it quantifies the amount of resources required by the programs analyzed.
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Guerrero, Ludueña Richard E. "Data Driven Approach to Enhancing Efficiency and Value in Healthcare." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/456670.
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Healthcare is changing, and the era of data-driven healthcare organisations is increasingly popular. Data-Driven approaches (e.g., Machine Learning, Metaheuristics, Modelling and Simulation, Data Analytics, and Data Visualisation) can be used to increase efficiency and value in health services.
Despite extensive research and technological development, the evidence impact of those methodologies in the healthcare sector is limited. In this Thesis we argue that an approach without borders in terms of academic societies and field of study could help to tackle this lack of impact to enhance efficiency and value in healthcare. This Thesis is based on solving practical problems in healthcare, with the research drawing upon both theoretical and empirical analysis.
The research is organised in four stages. In the first, a variety of techniques from Modelling and Simulation were studied and used to analyse current performance and to model improved and more efficient future states of healthcare systems. The focus was the analysis of capacity, demand, activity, and queues both at hospital and population levels. In the second part, a Genetic Algorithm was used to solve a Routing Home Healthcare problem. In the third part, Social Network Analysis was used to visualise and analyse email networks. In the final part, a new healthcare system performance metric is proposed and implemented using a case study. New frameworks to implement these methodologies in the context of real-world problems are presented throughout the Thesis.
In collaboration with University of Southampton, Wessex Academic Health Science Network (AHSN), and NHS England, several projects were developed and implemented for healthcare improvement in the UK. The work aims to increase early detection of cancer and thereby reduce premature mortality. The research was conducted working closely with NHS organisations across the Wessex region in England to produce bespoke endoscopy service modelling, as well as population level models. At a regional level, a Colorectal Cancer Screening Programme model was developed. An analysis of endoscopy activity, capacity and demand across the region was conducted. Future demand for endoscopy services in five years' time was estimated, and we found that the system has enough capacity to attend the expected future activity. A new healthcare system performance metric is presented as a tool to improve healthcare services.
Genetic Algorithm metaheuristic was applied in a variant of the Home Health Care Problem (HHCP), focusing on the route planning of clinical homecare.
Working with the Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute of Barcelona and the Agency of Health Quality and Assessment of Catalonia a study was developed to estimate future utilisation scenarios of knee arthroplasty (KA) revision in the Spanish National Health System in the short-term (2015) and long-term (2030) and their impact on primary KA utilisation. One of the findings was that the variation in the number of revisions depended on both the primary utilisation rate and the survival function applied. Future activity and resources needed was estimated.
A Social Network Analysis (SNA) project was developed in collaboration with the Wessex AHSN to analyse and extract insight from an organisational email, using SNA and Data Mining.
A new healthcare system performance metric - based on the Overall Equipment Effectiveness (OEE) measure - is proposed and evaluated using real data from and Endoscopy Unit from a UK based hospital.
To summarise, this work identifies four key techniques to use in the investigation of health data - Machine Learning Algorithms, Metaheuristic, Discrete Event Simulation and Data Analytics & Visualisations. Following a review of the different subjects and associated issues, those four techniques were evaluated and used with an applied-focus to solve healthcare problems. Key learning points from all different studies, as well as challenges and opportunities for the application of data-driven methodologies are discussed in the final chapter of the Thesis.La asistencia sanitaria está cambiando y la era de las organizaciones sanitarias basadas en datos es cada vez más popular. Los enfoques basados en datos (por ejemplo, Aprendizaje Automático; Meta-heurísticas; Modelamiento y Simulación; y Análisis y Visualización de datos) pueden utilizarse para aumentar la eficiencia y el valor en los servicios sanitarios. A pesar de la amplia investigación y el desarrollo tecnológico, la evidencia sobre el impacto de estas metodologías en el sector sanitario es limitada. En esta tesis argumentamos que un enfoque sin fronteras en términos de sociedades académicas y campo de estudio podría ayudar a abordar esta falta de impacto para aumentar la eficiencia y el valor en la asistencia sanitaria. Esta tesis se basa en la resolución de problemas prácticos en el sector sanitario, con un enfoque tanto teórico como práctico. La investigación se organizó en cuatro etapas. En la primera, una variedad de técnicas de modelamiento y simulación fueron estudiadas y aplicadas en el análisis y simulación de mejores y más eficientes configuraciones de sistemas sanitarios. El objetivo fue un análisis de capacidad, demanda, actividad y listas de esperas a nivel hospitalario y poblacional. En la segunda parte, un Algoritmo Genético fue implementado para resolver un problema de ruteo de personal sanitario encargado de atención de salud en el hogar. En la tercera parte, Análisis de Redes Sociales fue utilizado para visualizar y analizar una red de usuarios de correos electrónicos. En la etapa final, se propone una nueva métrica para evaluar el rendimiento de sistemas sanitarios, la cual fue implementada a través de un caso de estudio. Diferentes marcos de referencia para la implementación de estas metodologías en problemas reales se presentan a lo largo de la tesis.
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Souza, Izabel Oliva Marcilio de. "Previsão do volume diário de atendimentos no serviço de pronto socorro de um hospital geral: comparação de diferentes métodos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5137/tde-03102013-121222/.
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OBJETIVOS: O estudo explorou diferentes métodos de séries temporais visando desenvolver um modelo para a previsão do volume diário de pacientes no Pronto Socorro do Instituto Central do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da USP. MÉTODOS: Foram explorados seis diferentes modelos para previsão do número diário de pacientes no pronto socorro de acordo com algumas variáveis relacionadas ao calendário e à temperatura média diária. Para a construção dos modelos, utilizou-se a contagem diária de pacientes atendidos no pronto socorro entre 1° de janeiro de 2008 a 31 de dezembro de 2010. Os primeiros 33 meses do banco de dados foram utilizados para o desenvolvimento e ajuste dos modelos, e os últimos três meses foram utilizados para comparação dos resultados obtidos em termos da acurácia de previsão. A acurácia foi medida a partir do erro médio percentual absoluto. Os modelos foram desenvolvidos utilizando-se três diferentes métodos: modelos lineares generalizados, equações de estimação generalizadas e modelos sazonais autorregressivos integrados de média móvel (SARIMA). Para cada método, foram testados modelos que incluíram termos para controlar o efeito da temperatura média diária e modelos que não incluíram esse controle. RESULTADOS: Foram atendidos, em média, 389 pacientes diariamente no pronto socorro, número que variou entre 166 e 613. Observou-se uma sazonalidade semanal marcante na distribuição do volume de pacientes ao longo do tempo, com maior número de pacientes às segundas feiras e tendência linear decrescente ao longo da semana. Não foi observada variação significante no volume de pacientes de acordo com os meses do ano. Os modelos lineares generalizados e equações de estimação generalizada resultaram em melhor acurácia de previsão que os modelos SARIMA. No primeiro horizonte de previsão (outubro), por exemplo, os erros médios percentuais absolutos dos modelos lineares generalizados e de equação de estimação generalizada foram ambos 11,5% e 10,8% (modelos que incluíram e que não incluíram termo para controlar o efeito da temperatura, respectivamente), enquanto os erros médios percentuais absolutos para os modelos SARIMA foram 12,8% e 11,7% (modelos que incluíram e que não incluíram termo para controlar o efeito da temperatura, respectivamente). Para todos os modelos, incluir termos para controlar o efeito da temperatura média diária não resultou em melhor acurácia de previsão. A previsão a curto prazo (7 dias) em geral resultou em maior acurácia do que a previsão a longo prazo (30 dias). CONCLUSÕES: Este estudo indica que métodos de séries temporais podem ser aplicados na rotina do serviço de pronto socorro para a previsão do provável volume diário de pacientes no serviço. A previsão realizada para o curto prazo tem boa acurácia e pode ser incorporada à rotina do serviço, de modo a subsidiar seu planejamento e colaborar com a adequação de recursos materiais e humanos. Os modelos de previsão baseados unicamente em variáveis relacionadas ao calendário foram capazes de prever a variação no volume diário de pacientes, e os métodos aqui aplicados podem ser automatizados para gerar informações com antecedência suficiente para decisões de planejamento do serviço de pronto socorroOBJECTIVES: This study aims to develop different models to forecast the daily number of patients seeking emergency department (ED) care in a general hospital according to calendar variables and ambient temperature readings and to compare the models in terms of forecasting accuracy. METHODS: We developed and tested six different models of ED patient visits using total daily counts of patient visits to the Instituto Central do Hospital das Clínicas Emergency Department from January 1, 2008 to December 31, 2010. We used the first 33 months of the dataset to develop the ED patient visits forecasting models (the training set), leaving the last 3 months to measure each model\'s forecasting accuracy by the mean absolute percentage error. Forecasting models were developed using 3 different time series analysis methods: generalized linear models, generalized estimating equations and seasonal autoregressive integrated moving average (SARIMA). For each method, we explored models with and without the effect of mean daily temperature as a predictive variable. RESULTS: Daily mean number of ED visits was 389, ranging from 166 to 613. Data showed a weekly seasonal distribution, with highest patient volumes on Mondays and lowest patient volumes on weekends. There was little variation in daily visits by month. Generalized linear models and generalized estimating equation models showed better forecasting accuracy than SARIMA models. For instance, the mean absolute percentage errors from generalized linear models and generalized estimating equations models at the first month of forecasting (October, 2012), were 11.5% and 10.8% (models with and without control for the temperature effect, respectively), while the mean absolute percentage errors from SARIMA models were 12.8% and 11.7% (models with and without control for the temperature effect, respectively). For all models, controlling for the effect of temperature resulted in worse or similar forecasting ability than models with calendar variables alone, and forecasting accuracy was better for the short term horizon (7 days in advance) than for the longer term (30 days in advance). CONCLUSIONS: Our study indicates that time series models can be developed to provide forecasts of daily ED patient visits, and forecasting ability was dependent on the type of model employed and the length of the time-horizon being predicted. In our setting, generalized linear models and generalized estimating equation models showed better accuracy, and including information about ambient temperature in the models did not improve forecasting accuracy. Forecasting models based on calendar variables alone did in general detect patterns of daily variability in ED volume, and thus could be used for developing an automated system for better planning of personnel resources
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Galvani, Luis Ricardo. "Análise comparativa da aplicação do Programa Seis Sigma em processos de manufatura e serviços." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18156/tde-25112010-105508/.
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A competitividade é um fator de extrema importância para o sucesso das organizações. Os expressivos resultados alcançados pela Motorola e General Electric (GE), por meio do programa Seis Sigma, tem sido uma fonte de inspiração para muitas empresas seguirem o seu exemplo e conseguir maior competitividade. O programa Seis Sigma foi criado e evoluiu em ambiente de manufatura, mas também pode ser aplicado em processos de serviços. Entretanto a aplicação em serviços tem sido feita de forma mais modesta, com menor participação de empresas, e conseqüentemente menor número de casos e relatos divulgados. A literatura menciona que de forma geral o desempenho dos processos de serviços é inferior aos processos de manufatura, e isso pode ser um indicativo de boa oportunidade para a aplicação do programa Seis Sigma. Este trabalho tem como objetivo a análise comparativa da aplicação do programa Seis Sigma em processos de manufatura e serviços, por meio de revisão da literatura e pesquisa com empresas que aplicam o programa, visando entender as diferenças da aplicação em benefício da aplicação em serviços. Os resultados obtidos sugerem indícios de similaridades e diferenças significativas, tais como \"no perfil do Black Belt, nas equipes de projeto, no tempo de execução de um projeto, no uso da CTQ, na disponibilidade e natureza dos dados e na aplicação de técnicas e ferramentas\" que podem ajudar na expansão do programa em serviços, e assim, espera-se que possa motivar mais pesquisas com esse tema de trabalho.Competitiveness is an important factor for any organization success. The Six Sigma program, which has been used by companies like Motorola and GE since the 1980\'s, has proved to be a successful way to make any company improve all areas of business and therefore, become more competitive. Although it was created and has been growing in manufacturing successfully, its implementation can reach a much wider field of application. In the last few years, some service corporations also been benefited by the use of this program. However, different from manufacturing, its application is less popular and still restricted to few companies that have already implemented it, which explains limited case studies and projects published in the literature. This paper has the goal to perform a comparative analysis of Six Sigma program implementation in manufacturing as well as in services process and consequently, comprehend the differences and advantages of its application in these different fields. The results of this study, which are based on literature review and also a survey with service companies, have led to some significant similarities and differences like the profile of the Black Belt, project time execution, CTQ use, the nature and availability of the data and application of techniques and tools. Further research, can certainly contribute to the expansion of the Six Sigma methodology improvement in service quality.
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Oliveira, Paulo César de. "Estudo epidemiológico dos atendimentos por agressão física, por armas branca e de fogo realizados pelo SAMU de Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, no período de janeiro de 2006 a dezembro de 2011." Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, 2014. https://repositorio.ufjf.br/jspui/handle/ufjf/517.
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O trauma, em particular o resultante da violência interpessoal, é preocupação crescente na área de saúde, destacando-se entre as principais causas de morbimortalidade em todo o mundo. Em meio ao maior afluxo de vítimas, é necessário coordenar esforços para elaborar condutas propedêuticas, terapêuticas e preventivas. Para tal é imprescindível obter informações epidemiológicas. Este trabalho objetivou estudar o perfil epidemiológico das agressões física e por armas branca e de fogo a partir do Banco de Dados do SAMU de Juiz de Fora – MG, no período de janeiro de 2006 a dezembro de 2011. As variáveis analisadas foram sexo, faixa etária, mortalidade, região administrativa, dias da semana e horário das agressões. Dos 72.897 Relatórios de Atendimentos gerados no período, 1.913 compreenderam grupo o de estudo. A agressão física foi o mecanismo de trauma em 1.198 (62,2%) pacientes, a agressão por arma branca em 433 (22,6%) e por arma de fogo em 282 (14,7%). A faixa etária mais prevalente foi a de 15 anos a 29 anos (48,34%), seguida pela faixa etária de 30 anos a 44 anos (31,71%). A maioria das vítimas era do sexo masculino (82,17%). A mortalidade no ambiente pré-hospitalar foi de 6,4% (122 óbitos), principalmente em decorrência do uso de armas de fogo (56,6%). As regiões Norte (22,42%), Centro (20,2%) e Leste (19,85%) responderam pela maior parte dos atendimentos. As regiões Nortr e Leste foram as mais frequentemente relacionadas com o uso de arma de fogo (33,84% e 24,71%) e arma branca (23,1% e 17,77%). O Centro superou as regiões Leste e Norte quando o mecanismo foi a agressão física (24,24%, 19,41% e 19,32%, respectivamente). As ocorrências predominaram nas sextas-feiras, sábados e domingos (60,24%), entre 18 horas e 6 horas (63,13%). Quando armas branca e de fogo foram empregadas, os eventos prevaleceram entre 12h01min e 0 h. Concluiu-se que os homens jovens são as principais de violência interpessoal em Juiz de Fora, sendo a agressão física sua principal forma. O uso de arma de fogo esteve relacionado com a maioria das mortes. Três regiões da cidade concentram as ocorrências de violência, exceto quando a agressão física foi empregada. Os atendimentos foram mais frequentes nos fins de semana e durante a noite.
The trauma is growing concern in the health sector, notably as a cause of morbidity and mortality. Amid the biggest influx of victims, it is necessary to coordinate efforts to develop preventive, therapeutic and propedeutics ducts, being necessary epidemiological information. The objective of studying the epidemiological profile of physical aggressions and white and fire weapons from the database of the SAMU of Juiz de Fora – MG, between January 2006 and December 2011. The variables were sex, age group, mortality, place of occurrence, days of the week and the time of the assaults. The 72,897 reports, 1,913 understood the group studied. Physical aggression was the trauma mechanism in 1,198 (62.2%) patients, aggression by melee weapon in 433 (22.6%) and fire in 282 (14.7%). Predominated the age group of 15 years to 29 years (48.34%), followed by 30 years of 44 years (31.71%). Most of the victims were men (82.17%). Prehospital mortality was 6.4% (122 deaths), mainly due to firearms (56.6%). The Northern regions (22.42%), Centre (20,2%) and East (19.85%) answered by most attendances. The Northern regions and East were most often related to the use of firearms (33.84% and 24.71%) and white (23.1% and 17.77%). The Centre exceeded when the mechanism was physical aggression (24.24%, 19.41 percent and 19.32%, respectively). Occurrences predominated on weekends (60.24%), between 6:0 pm and 6:0 (63.13%). When white and fire weapons were employed, the events have prevailed between 12:01 and 12:0 am. it was concluded that young men are the main of interpersonal violence in the city, being physical aggression your main form. The mortality related with the use of a firearm. Three regions concentrate occurrences, except when physical aggression was employed. The attendances were more frequent on the weekends and at night.
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Rašovská, Aneta. "Marketingový výzkum spokojenosti zákazníka Big One Fitness." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta podnikatelská, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-223171.
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The diploma thesis focuses on the proposition, implementation and evaluation of marketing research of customer satisfaction at 'Big One Fitness'. It addresses the issue of customer satisfaction, services and a questionnaire as the method of questioning. It also analyses the starting position of the company within the competitive environment. Based on the findings of this research it suggests recommendations to enhance customer satisfaction.
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Hager, Creighton Tsuan-Ren. "Statistical Analysis of ATM Call Detail Records." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/30937.
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Network management is a problem that faces designers and operators of any type of network. Conventional methods of capacity planning or configuration management are difficult to apply directly to networks that dynamically allocate resources, such as Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) networks and emerging Internet Protocol (IP) networks employing Differentiated Services (DiffServ). This work shows a method to generically classify traffic in an ATM network such that capacity planning may be possible. These methods are generally applicable to other networks that support dynamically allocated resources.
In this research, Call Detail Records (CDRs) captured from a ¡§live¡¨ ATM network were successfully classified into three traffic categories. The traffic categories correspond to three different video speeds (1152 kbps, 768 kbps, and 384 kbps) in the network. Further statistical analysis was used to characterize these traffic categories and found them to fit deterministic distributions. The statistical analysis methods were also applied to several different network planning and management functions. Three specific potential applications related to network management were examined: capacity planning, traffic modeling, and configuration management.Master of Science
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Sylvan, Johan. "Information visualization of consulting services statistics." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Medie- och Informationsteknik, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-133217.
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The aim of this masters thesis is to create a customized visualization web application of consulting services statistics. This to allow users to get an overview of time management through clear visual links between developers, customers and tasks. The design of the application is based on literature in usability and information visualization as well as a usability test. This thesis work resulted in a JavaScript based web application using the web framework CakePHP which follows a model-view-controller architectural pattern with visualization components implemented in Javascript.
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Ndour, Cheikh. "Modélisation statistique de la mortalité maternelle et néonatale pour l'aide à la planification et à la gestion des services de santé en Afrique Sub-Saharienne." Phd thesis, Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00996996.
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L'objectif de cette thèse est de proposer une méthodologie statistique permettant de formuler une règle de classement capable de surmonter les difficultés qui se présentent dans le traitement des données lorsque la distribution a priori de la variable réponse est déséquilibrée. Notre proposition est construite autour d'un ensemble particulier de règles d'association appelées "class association rules". Dans le chapitre II, nous avons exposé les bases théoriques qui sous-tendent la méthode. Nous avons utilisé les indicateurs de performance usuels existant dans la littérature pour évaluer un classifieur. A chaque règle "class association rule" est associée un classifieur faible engendré par l'antécédent de la règle que nous appelons profils. L'idée de la méthode est alors de combiner un nombre réduit de classifieurs faibles pour constituer une règle de classement performante. Dans le chapitre III, nous avons développé les différentes étapes de la procédure d'apprentissage statistique lorsque les observations sont indépendantes et identiquement distribuées. On distingue trois grandes étapes: (1) une étape de génération d'un ensemble initial de profils, (2) une étape d'élagage de profils redondants et (3) une étape de sélection d'un ensemble optimal de profils. Pour la première étape, nous avons utilisé l'algorithme "apriori" reconnu comme l'un des algorithmes de base pour l'exploration des règles d'association. Pour la deuxième étape, nous avons proposé un test stochastique. Et pour la dernière étape un test asymptotique est effectué sur le rapport des valeurs prédictives positives des classifieurs lorsque les profils générateurs respectifs sont emboîtés. Il en résulte un ensemble réduit et optimal de profils dont la combinaison produit une règle de classement performante. Dans le chapitre IV, nous avons proposé une extension de la méthode d'apprentissage statistique lorsque les observations ne sont pas identiquement distribuées. Il s'agit précisément d'adapter la procédure de sélection de l'ensemble optimal lorsque les données ne sont pas identiquement distribuées. L'idée générale consiste à faire une estimation bayésienne de toutes les valeurs prédictives positives des classifieurs faibles. Par la suite, à l'aide du facteur de Bayes, on effectue un test d'hypothèse sur le rapport des valeurs prédictives positives lorsque les profils sont emboîtés. Dans le chapitre V, nous avons appliqué la méthodologie mise en place dans les chapitres précédents aux données du projet QUARITE concernant la mortalité maternelle au Sénégal et au Mali.
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Jeřábková, Věra. "Možnosti měření efektivnosti systému financování a poskytování sociálních služeb." Doctoral thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-125219.
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A significant problem of functioning the public sector is to ensure the efficiency of public expenditures. Efficiency model's creating is a dynamic process that requires regular evaluation of the socioeconomic conditions. The efficiency of financial system and granting social services is still not measured in the Czech Republic. The area of social services is affected by number of criteria and factors. So it is necessary to apply different views on evaluating the efficiency of social care, social prevention and social counseling. The efficiency of social services can not be estimated as a whole, but we should focus on different groups of social services and individual services within the group. In this thesis the efficiency is measured in the two selected residental social care services -- homes for the elderly and homes for people with disabilities. The applied methods was used only to a limited extent because of lacks of many important variables in the area of official statics. In the case of multiple criteria methods the calculation was also impeded by the availability of suitable software.
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Van, Luinen Steven M. "Lossless statistical data service over Asynchronous Transfer Mode." Curtin University of Technology, Australian Telecommunications Research Institute, 1999. http://espace.library.curtin.edu.au:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=9898.
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Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) can provide deterministic channels as required for real time signals, as well as statistical multiplexing. For this reason, ATM has been chosen as the underlying technology for providing a Broadband Integrated Services Digital Network (B-ISDN). Two main classes of services are expected to be supported over a B-ISDN. These classes are real-time services and data services. Data services include computer communications (Local Area Network (LAN) interconnections) and general non-real time traffic, such as file transfer and small transactions.The provision of data services over ATM are better served with statistical multiplexing, provided that the service is loss-free. For multiplexing to be loss-free and still statistical, while the maximum service rate is fixed, the multiplexer tributaries must be controlled in flow, to assure no overflow of the multiplexing buffer. Provision of a service over ATM is accomplished by an ATM layer. Transfer Capability (ATC).This thesis investigates and reports on the operating characteristics of an ATM layer Transfer Capability proposed to the International Telecommunications Union (ITU), and called Controlled Cell Transfer (CCT). CCT uses credit window based flow control on links and a quota based control in switches, and will give loss free statistical multiplexing for data. Other ITU defined ATCs are examined in regard to data service provision and compared with CCT. It is found that only CCT can provide a fast and at the same time efficient data service.The thesis also examines the impact that support of the CCT capability would have on an ATM switch, through determination of required functionality, and mapping of the required functions into a switch design. Finally, an architecture and implementation of an ATM switch is described that would support the CCT as well as the Deterministic Bit Rate (DBR) ++transfer capability, and would provide efficient data and real-time services.
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Muppala, Sireesha. "Multi-tier Internet service management| Statistical learning approaches." Thesis, University of Colorado at Colorado Springs, 2013. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3560749.
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Modern Internet services are multi-tiered and are typically hosted in virtualized shared platforms. While facilitating flexible service deployment, multi-tier architecture introduces significant challenges for Quality of Service (QoS) provisioning in hosted Internet services. Complex inter-tier dependencies and dynamic bottleneck tier shift are challenges inherent to tiered architectures. Hard-to-predict and bursty session-based Internet workloads further magnify this complexity. Virtualization of shared platforms adds yet another layer of complication in managing the hosted multi-tier Internet services.
We consider three critical aspects of Internet service management for improved performance and quality of service provisioning : admission control, dynamic resource provisioning and service differentiation. This thesis concentrates on statistical learning based approaches for multi-tier Internet service management to achieve efficient, balanced and scalable services. Statistical learning techniques are capable of solving complex dynamic problems through learning and adaptation with no priori domain-specific knowledge. We explore the effectiveness of supervised and unsupervised learning in managing multi-tier Internet services.
First, we develop a session based admission control strategy to improve session throughput of multi- tier Internet services. Using a supervised bayesian network, it achieves coordination among multiple tiers resulting in a balanced service. Second, we promote session-slowdown, a novel session-oriented metric for user perceived performance. We develop a regression based dynamic resource provisioning strategy, which utilizes a combination of offline training and online monitoring, for session slowdown guarantees in multi-tier systems. Third, we develop a reinforcement learning based coordinated combination of admission control and adaptive resource management for multi-tier Internet service differentiation and performance improvement in a shared virtualized platform. It addresses limitations of supervised learning by integrating model-independence of reinforcement learning and self-learning of neural networks for system scalability and agility. Finally, we develop an user interface based Monitoring and Management Console, intended for an administrator to monitor and fine tune the performance of hosted multi-tier Internet services.
We evaluate the developed management approaches using an e-commerce simulator and an implementation testbed on a virtualized blade server system hosting multi-tier RUBiS benchmark applications. Results demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of statistical learning approaches for QoS provisioning and performance improvement in virtualized multi-tier Internet services.
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van, Luinen Steven M. "Lossless statistical data service over Asynchronous Transfer Mode." Thesis, Curtin University, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/1608.
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Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) can provide deterministic channels as required for real time signals, as well as statistical multiplexing. For this reason, ATM has been chosen as the underlying technology for providing a Broadband Integrated Services Digital Network (B-ISDN). Two main classes of services are expected to be supported over a B-ISDN. These classes are real-time services and data services. Data services include computer communications (Local Area Network (LAN) interconnections) and general non-real time traffic, such as file transfer and small transactions.The provision of data services over ATM are better served with statistical multiplexing, provided that the service is loss-free. For multiplexing to be loss-free and still statistical, while the maximum service rate is fixed, the multiplexer tributaries must be controlled in flow, to assure no overflow of the multiplexing buffer. Provision of a service over ATM is accomplished by an ATM layer. Transfer Capability (ATC).This thesis investigates and reports on the operating characteristics of an ATM layer Transfer Capability proposed to the International Telecommunications Union (ITU), and called Controlled Cell Transfer (CCT). CCT uses credit window based flow control on links and a quota based control in switches, and will give loss free statistical multiplexing for data. Other ITU defined ATCs are examined in regard to data service provision and compared with CCT. It is found that only CCT can provide a fast and at the same time efficient data service.The thesis also examines the impact that support of the CCT capability would have on an ATM switch, through determination of required functionality, and mapping of the required functions into a switch design. Finally, an architecture and implementation of an ATM switch is described that would support the CCT as well as the Deterministic Bit Rate (DBR) transfer capability, and would provide efficient data and real-time services.
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Eliason, Kiya Lynn. "Addressing Pre-Service Teachers' Misconceptions About Confidence Intervals." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2018. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/6917.
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Increased attention to statistical concepts has been a prevalent trend in revised mathematics curricula across grade levels. However, the preparation of secondary school mathematics educators has not received similar attention, and learning opportunities provided to these educators is oftentimes insufficient for teaching statistics well. The purpose of this study is to analyze pre-service teachers' conceptions about confidence intervals. This research inquired about statistical reasoning from the perspective of students majoring in mathematics education enrolled in an undergraduate statistics education course who have previously completed an introductory course in statistics. We found common misconceptions among pre-service teachers participating in this study. An unanticipated finding is that all the pre-service teachers believed that the construction of a confidence interval relies on a sampling distribution that does not contain every possible sample. Instead, they believed it is necessary to take multiple samples and build a distribution of their means. I called this distribution the Multi-Sample Distribution (MSD).
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Bolesworth, Karen, and Susan Tufts. "Social welfare policy and the crisis of hunger." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2001. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/1891.
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The Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act of 1996 has lead to reduced welfare assistance to the needy. This thesis analyzes how families have become increasingly homeless and hungry during the welfare reform years.
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Birkestedt, Sara, and Andreas Hansson. "Can web-based statistic services be trusted?" Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Avdelningen för programvarusystem, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-5282.
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A large number of statistic services exist today, which shows that there is a great interest in knowing more about the visitors on a web site. But how reliable is the result the services are giving? The hypothesis examined in the thesis is: Web-based statistic services do not show an accurate result The purpose of the thesis is to find out how accurate the web-based statistic services are regarding unique visitors and number of pages viewed. Our hope is that this thesis will bring more knowledge about the different statistic services that exists today and the problems surrounding them. We will also draw attention to the importance of knowing how your statistic software works to be able to interpret the results correctly. To investigate this, we chose to do practical tests on a selection of web-based statistic services. The services registered the traffic from the same web site during a test period. During the same period a control program registered the same things and stored the result in a database. In addition to the test, we have done an interview with a person working with web statistics. The investigation showed that there are big differences between the results from the web-based statistic services in the test and that none of them showed an accurate result, neither for the total number of page views nor unique visitors. This led us to the conclusion that web-based statistic services do not show an accurate result, which verifies our hypothesis. Also the interview confirmed that there is a problem with measuring web statistics.Ett stort antal statistiksystem existerar idag för att ta reda på information om besökare på webbplatser. Men hur pålitliga är egentligen dessa tjänster? Syftet med uppsatsen är att ta reda på hur pålitliga de är när det gäller att visa antal unika besökare och totalt antal sidvisningar. Hypotesen vi har formulerat är: Webb-baserade statistiksystem visar inte ett korrekt resultat. För att testa detta har vi gjort praktiska tester av fem olika webb-baserade statistiktjänster som användes på samma webbplats under samma period. Informationen som dessa tjänster registrerade lagrade vi i en databas, samtidigt som vi använde ett eget kontrollprogram för att mäta samma uppgifter. Vi har också genomfört en intervju med en person som arbetar med webbstatistik på ett webbföretag. Undersökningen visar att resultatet mellan de olika tjänsterna skiljer sig mycket, både jämfört med varandra och med kontrollprogrammet. Detta gällde både antal sidvisningar och unika besökare. Detta leder till slutsatsen att systemen inte visar korrekta uppgifter, vilket gör att vi kan verifiera vår hypotes. Även intervjun som utfördes visade på de problem som finns med att mäta besökarstatistik.
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Fassbender, Matthias. "Steuern und Stoppen undiskontierter Markoffscher Entscheidungsmodelle." Bonn : [s.n.], 1990. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=002716899&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.
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Кузуб, Т. А. "Особливості розвитку культури лабораторної діагностики в Україні (на прикладі медичної лабораторії «ДІЛА»)." Master's thesis, Сумський державний університет, 2022. https://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/87726.
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В даній роботі показано як надаються медичні послуги в Україні.
Представлена характеристика структури ринку при наданні медичних послуг
в Україні. Описано основні етапи розвитку при наданні послуг в приватній
медицині та лабораторній діагностиці. Під час написання даної роботи
встановлено, що в Україні під час підвищення надання якості та доступності
для населення надання медичних послуг відбувається за рахунок утворення
нової моделі. Основними етапами нової моделі є: розвиток надання
медичних послуг, де основну частку займають приватні лабораторії; надання
послуг державними медичними установами; збільшення фінансових витрат
на розвиток охорони здоров’я та на надання медичних послуг, зокрема
збільшення фінансування за договорами, які пацієнти укладають із закладами
охорони здоров’я, що надають первинну медичну допомогу; рентабельність,
яка визначається для приватних медичних закладів; не достатнє
фінансування з державного бюджету неприбуткових підприємств, що
обумовлюється низьким рівнем надання медичних послуг в секторі який
фінансується за рахунок держави; за рахунок зменшення фінансування
відбувається зменшення кількості закладів, які надають лікарняні послуги;
зростання фінансування медичних закладів, які надають приватні послуги, відбувається за рахунок населення; разом з тим відбувається ріст фінансування з надання лікарських препаратів за рахунок державних
програм.В данной работе показано как предоставляются медицинские услуги в Украине. Представлена характеристика структуры рынка при предоставлении медицинских услуг в Украине. Описаны основные этапы развития при предоставлении услуг в частной медицине и лабораторной диагностике. Во время написания данной работы установлено, что в Украине во время повышения предоставления качества и доступности для населения предоставление медицинских услуг происходит за счет образования новой модели. Основными этапами новой модели являются: развитие предоставления медицинских услуг, где основную долю занимают частные лаборатории; предоставление услуг государственными медицинскими учреждениями; увеличение финансовых расходов на развитие здравоохранения и на оказание медицинских услуг, в частности увеличение финансирования по договорам, которые пациенты заключают с учреждениями здравоохранения, оказывающими первичную медицинскую помощь; рентабельность, которая определяется для частных медицинских учреждений; не достаточное финансирование из государственного бюджета неприбыльных предприятий, что обуславливается низким уровнем предоставления медицинских услуг в секторе который финансируется за счет государства; за счет уменьшения финансирования происходит уменьшение количества учреждений, предоставляющих больничные услуги; рост финансирования медицинских учреждений, которые предоставляют частные услуги, происходит за счет населения; вместе с тем происходит рост финансирования по предоставлению лекарственных препаратов за счет государственных программ.
This work shows how medical services are provided in Ukraine. The characteristics of the market structure in the provision of medical services in Ukraine are presented. The main stages of development in the provision of services in private medicine and laboratory diagnostics are described. While writing this work, it is established that in Ukraine, during the improvement of quality and accessibility for the population, the provision of medical services occurs due to the formation of a new model. The main stages of the new model are: the development of medical services, where the main share is occupied by private laboratories; provision of services by state medical institutions; increasing financial costs for the development of health care and for the provision of medical services, in particular, increasing funding under contracts that patients conclude with healthcare institutions that provide primary medical care; profitability, which is determined for private medical institutions; not sufficient funding from the state budget of non- profit enterprises, due to the low level of medical services in the sector funded by the state; by reducing funding there is a decrease in the number of institutions that provide hospital services; the growth of financing of medical institutions that provide private services occurs at the expense of the population; at the same time, funding for the provision of medicines through government programs is growing.
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Erhardt, Erik Barry. "Bayesian Simultaneous Intervals for Small Areas: An Application to Mapping Mortality Rates in U.S. Health Service Areas." Link to electronic thesis, 2004. http://www.wpi.edu/Pubs/ETD/Available/etd-0105104-195633/.
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Thesis (M.S.) -- Worcester Polytechnic Institute.Keywords: Poisson-Gamma Regression; MCMC; Bayesian; Small Area Estimation; Simultaneous Inference; Statistics Includes bibliographical references (p. 61-67).
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Kaambwa, Billingsley Chimuka. "Statistical issues in service evaluation – a case of intermediate care." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2009. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/527/.
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The objective of this thesis was to identify statistical issues that are commonly associated with evaluations of services for older people with a view to establishing the most appropriate methods of addressing them. This goal was achieved in two stages. In the first stage, a comprehensive literature review of studies that have reported such evaluations on populations of older people in the UK was conducted. The second stage involved demonstrating approaches for dealing with these issues on a dataset drawn from largest evaluation of intermediate care done and published in the UK to date. The approaches were adapted from the studies reported in the literature review and where appropriate, from other sources. This thesis identified a number of statistical issues including those associated with distributional characteristics of variables, missing data and the need to predict utility outcome measures from non-utility ones. Robust approaches of dealing with these problems were demonstrated. The results obtained underlined the importance of avoiding erroneous results and conclusions by applying methods with a sound theoretical background.
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Taylor, Joan. "Mathematical models for planning social services resources." Thesis, Durham University, 1986. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/6832/.
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This research discusses a number of computer-based mathematical models which are designed to assist planners to make strategic decisions concerning the allocations of social services resources. A new model is postulated which uses current patterns of care to derive a set of alternative modes or packages of care, chooses a suitable set of allocations of clients to packages of care within given resource constraints and can be used to explore the effect on resource requirements of demographic changes, and to explore alternative ways of caring for clients if populations expand and/or resources are reduced. Comparisons are made with the DHSS Balance of Care model and with other models. An exploration is included of the weighting values used in the postulated model’s objective function.
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Leuer, Debora Kim. "A comparison study of food facility inspection scores and consumer complaints." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1999. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/1711.
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Erjongmanee, Supaporn. "Study of network-service disruptions using heterogeneous data and statistical learning." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/43601.
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The study of network-service disruptions caused by large-scale disturbances has mainly focused on assessing network damage; however, network-disruption responses, i.e., how the disruptions occur depending on social organizations, weather, and power resources, have been studied little. The goal of this research is to study the responses of network-service disruptions caused by large-scale disturbances with respect to (1) temporal and logical network, and (2) external factors such as weather and power resources, using real and publicly available heterogeneous data that are composed of network measurements, user inputs, organizations, geographic locations, weather, and power outage reports. Network-service disruptions at the subnet level caused by Hurricanes Katrina in 2005 and Ike in 2008 are used as the case studies. The analysis of network-disruption responses with respect to temporal and logical network shows that subnets became unreachable dependently within organization, cross organization, and cross autonomous system. Thus, temporal dependence also illustrates the characteristics of logical dependence. In addition, subnet unreachability is analyzed with respect to the external factors. It is found that subnet unreachability and the storm are weakly correlated. The weak correlation motivates us to search for root causes and discover that the majority of subnet unreachability reportedly occurred because of power outages or lack of power generators. Using the power outage data, it is found that subnet unreachability and power outages are strongly correlated.
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Leong, Jennifer. "High School Students' Attitudes and Beliefs Regarding Statistics in a Service-Learning-Based Statistics Course." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2007. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/msit_diss/12.
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Despite agreement among researchers about the powerful influence of attitudes and beliefs on the development of students’ mathematical knowledge base (Leder, Pehkonen, & Törner, 2002), relatively little is known about these constructs in statistics education. This study investigated the relationship between mathematics-and statistics-related attitudes and beliefs of 11 high school students in an introductory statistics course designed around a 13-week long service-learning project. Service-learning is a pedagogical approach that situates academic learning in the context of community service. The study utilized qualitative, teacher-researcher (Cochran-Smith & Lytle, 1993) methodology from an interpretivist perspective. The three primary modes of data collection were journals, narratives, and an open-ended survey (Survey of Mathematical and Statistical Affect). Observations and reflections were also recorded regularly in a researcher journal. Inquiry adhered to guidelines for trustworthiness and rigor as outlined by Lincoln and Guba (1985). Item, pattern, and structural levels of analysis were employed (LeCompte and Schensul, 1999b). Investigation into attitudes and beliefs was framed in accordance with Op t’ Eynde, De Corte, and Verschaffel’s (2002) conceptualization of the mathematics-related belief system and McLeod’s (1992) framework of the affective domain in mathematics education. Results indicate that participants’ attitudes toward mathematics and statistics tended to converge while participants’ beliefs regarding mathematics and statistics tended to diverge. Participants like mathematics and statistics that involve real-life scenarios. Participants also like mathematics and statistics that do not require complex mathematical tasks. Participants’ beliefs regarding statistics were generally more positive than beliefs regarding mathematics. Participants reported greater confidence doing statistics than mathematics and contribute this confidence, in part, to service-learning. Participants also experienced a heightened sense of social awareness and social responsibility through the service-learning project. These results provide evidence that service-learning can be utilized to solidify positive attitudes and beliefs regarding statistics among high school students, in spite of potentially less positive ones toward mathematics.
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Leong, Jennifer. "High school students' attitudes and beliefs regarding statistics in a service-learning-based statistics course." unrestricted, 2006. http://etd.gsu.edu/theses/available/etd-11292006-140510/.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Georgia State University, 2006.Title from title screen. Christine Thomas, committee chair; Joel Meyers, Draga Vidakovic, Steve Harmon, committee members. Electronic text (196 p.) : digital, PDF file. Description based on contents viewed July 31, 2007. Includes bibliographical references (p. 154-169).
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Forte, Paolo. "Predicting Service Metrics from Device and Network Statistics." Thesis, KTH, Kommunikationsnät, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-175892.
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For an IT company that provides a service over the Internet like Facebook or Spotify, it is very important to provide a high quality of service; however, predicting the quality of service is generally a hard task. The goal of this thesis is to investigate whether an approach that makes use of statistical learning to predict the quality of service can obtain accurate predictions for a Voldemort key-value store [1] in presence of dynamic load patterns and network statistics. The approach follows the idea that the service-level metrics associated with the quality of service can be estimated from serverside statistical observations, like device and network statistics. The advantage of the approach analysed in this thesis is that it can virtually work with any kind of service, since it is based only on device and network statistics, which are unaware of the type of service provided. The approach is structured as follows. During the service operations, a large amount of device statistics from the Linux kernel of the operating system (e.g. cpu usage level, disk activity, interrupts rate) and some basic end-to-end network statistics (e.g. average round-trip-time, packet loss rate) are periodically collected on the service platform. At the same time, some service-level metrics (e.g. average reading time, average writing time, etc.) are collected on the client machine as indicators of the store’s quality of service. To emulate network statistics, such as dynamic delay and packet loss, all the traffic is redirected to flow through a network emulator. Then, different types of statistical learning methods, based on linear and tree-based regression algorithms, are applied to the data collections to obtain a learning model able to accurately predict the service-level metrics from the device and network statistics. The results, obtained for different traffic scenarios and configurations, show that the thesis’ approach can find learning models that can accurately predict the service-level metrics for a single-node store with error rates lower than 20% (NMAE), even in presence of network impairments.
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Сорокун, Антон Дмитрович, Антон Дмитриевич Сорокун, and Anton Sorokun. "Метод зниження бітового об’єму відеознімків для підвищення якості відеосервісу з використанням інфокомунікаційних систем." Thesis, Національний авіаційний університет, 2020. https://er.nau.edu.ua/handle/NAU/44155.
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Дисертація на здобуття наукового ступеня кандидата технічних наук за спеціальністю 05.12.02 – телекомунікаційні системи і мережі. – Національний авіаційний університет, Київ, 2020.
Дисертаційна робота присвячена рішенню актуальної науковоприкладної задачі, яка полягає в зниженні часових затримок на доставку відеоданих з використанням інформаційно-комунікаційних технологій для підвищення якості відеосервісів.
Обґрунтовано, що зберігається дисбаланс між можливостями сучасних ІКС щодо швидкості передачі даних і зростанням потреб щодо надання високоякісних відеосервісів у реальному часі з використанням мобільного сегменту мережі. Створюється інформаційна модель представлення
сукупності значущих елементів областей когерентності відеознімка у вигляді структурно-позиційних чисел з наявністю властивостей глобальної і локальної нерівності суміжних елементів. Будується модель оцінки інформативності ділянок відеознімків на основі виявлення і формування
сукупності значущих областей когерентності. Проводиться розробка методу кодування значущої координатно-яскравісної складової відеознімка на основі її представлення у вигляді структурного позиційного числа з глобальною і локальною нерівністю значень сусідніх елементів. Викладаються етапи побудови методу формування кодових конструкцій ділянки відеознімка на основі аповнення базової кодограми, отриманої для рядка масиву значущої координатно-яскравісної складової шляхом інтеграції сегменту кодограми, отриманої для рядка масиву нерівномірних довжин областей когерентності.
Створюються етапи побудови методу декомпозиції компонувальних кодових конструкцій з метою реконструкції відеоданих в умовах виключення додаткового внесення помилок. Вдосконалюється технологія підвищення рівня відеосервісу в інформаційно-комунікаційних системах за рахунок
зниження бітового об’єму відеознімка у разі використання розроблених методів і моделей.Диссертация на соискание ученой степени кандидата технических наук по специальности 05.12.02 – телекоммуникационные системы и сети. – Национальный авиационный университет, Киев, 2020. Диссертационная работа посвящена решению актуальной научноприкладной задачи, которая заключается в снижении временных задержек на доставку видеоданных с использованием инфокоммуникационных технологий для повышения качества видеосервисов. Обосновано, что сохраняется дисбаланс между возможностями современных ИКС по скорости передачи данных и ростом потребности в предоставлении высококачественных видеосервисов в реальном времени с использованием мобильного сегмента сети. Создается информационная модель представления совокупности значимых элементов областей когерентности видеоснимка в виде структурно-позиционных чисел с наличием свойств глобальной и локальной неровности смежных элементов. Строится модель оценки информативности участков видеоснимка на основе выявления и формирования совокупности значимых областей когерентности. Проводится разработка метода кодирования значимой координатнояркостной составляющей видеоснимка на основе ее представления в виде структурного позиционного числа с глобальным и локальным неравенством значений соседних элементов. Излагаются этапы построения метода формирования кодовых конструкций участка видеоснимка на основе заполнения базовой кодограммы, полученной для строки массива значимой координатно-яркостной составляющей путем интеграции сегмента кодограммы, полученной для строки массива неравномерной длины областей когерентности. Создаются этапы построения метода декомпозиции компоновочных кодовых конструкций с целью реконструкции видеоданных в условиях исключения дополнительного внесения ошибок. Совершенствуется технология повышения уровня видеосервиса в информационно коммуникационных системах за счет снижения битового объема видеоснимка в случае использования разработанных методов и моделей.
Thesis for gaining a Candidate Degree in Engineering by the specialty 05.12.02 – Telecommunication Systems and Networks. – National Aviation University, Kyiv, 2020. The dissertation is devoted to the solution of the actual scientific and applicable problem, which refers to reducing the time delays for the delivery of video data by using info-communication technology to improve the quality of video services. It is shown that there is an imbalance between the capabilities of modern ICS in terms of data rates and the growing demand for high-quality real-time video services using the mobile network segment. The information model of the representation of a set of significant elements of the video coherence areas of a video image is being created in a form of structural positional numbers with the presence of properties of global and local inequality of contiguous elements. A model for assessing the information content of video sections is being constructed based on the identification and formation of a set of significant areas of coherence. The method of coding a significant coordinate-brightness component of the video is developed based on its representation as a structural positional number with global and local inequality of values of neighboring elements. A method of coding a significant coordinate-brightness component of the video is being developed on the basis of its representation in the form of a structural positional number with global and local inequality of values of neighboring elements. The stages of construction of the method of forming code constructions of a video section on the basis of filling the basic codogram obtained for an array line of significant coordinate-brightness component by integrating a segment of codogram obtained for an array line of non-uniform lengths of coherence regions are described. Stages of construction of a method of decomposition of the arranging code constructions for the purpose of reconstruction of video data in terms of exclusion of the additional error input are being created. The technology of increasing the level of video service in information and communication systems is being improved by reducing the video bit volume in case of using the developed methods and models: 1. An information model of representation of a set of significant elements of video coherence regions in the form of structural positional numbers with the presence of properties of global and local inequality of related elements has been developed. As a result, it was proved that the minimal value of the bitmap reduction level with a high saturation of structural parts reaches from 1.8 to 5 times, and the average saturation enumerates from 2 to 8 times. 2. A method of encoding a significant component of a coordinate-brightness description of a video has been created based on the detection of the coherence regions using a two-hierarchical scheme of code-value formation for a set of coherence regions after unequal sub-sampling with the exclusion of elements with equal values. This eliminates structural redundancy without additional errors on the average of 17–25 %. 3. For the first time, a method of integration layout of key components of video data processing based on the formation of a layout code structure has been developed. The difference in the basis of the method is that the layout of code structures of the video is performed by filling the base codegram obtained for the array line of the significant component of coordinate brightness, as well as by integrating the codogram segment of the array of non-uniform lengths of coherence domains. This enables the further reducing the bit size of video data without making additional errors in its processing by an average of 10 %. 4. The method of decomposition of layout code constructions for the purpose of reconstruction of video data in terms of exclusion the additional errors input has been developed. The distinctive features of the method are that in the process of estimating the bit volume the directions of its reduction are taken into account due to the distribution of codograms of non-uniform linear-scaling component in insignificant bits of basic codograms of significant coordinate-brightness components. This allowed to improve the quality of video data reconstruction in terms of excluding the input of additional errors. 5. The technology of reducing the bit volume of video data on the basis of the developed methods and models on the condition of revealing the areas of coherence has been further developed. Distinctive features of the advanced technology are that in the process of estimation of bit volume the directions of its reduction at the expense of structural redundancy on the basis of the account of global and local inequality between the next elements of a set of areas of coherence are considered. This enables to increase the level of video service and evaluate the effectiveness of the created methods.
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Henderson, John Tolliver. "Pre-service Secondary Mathematics Teachersâ Preferences of Statistical Representations of Univariate Data." NCSU, 2008. http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/theses/available/etd-06192008-130035/.
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This study was designed to analyze if preferences for certain statistical representations existed for a group of pre-service secondary mathematics teachers. Twenty-three surveys were distributed to two classes of pre-service teachers enrolled in a mathematic education course and 18 competed surveys were returned. Questions on the survey focused on five major statistical ideas: (1) typical value for a data set, (2) standard deviation, (3) spread/distribution of a data set, (4) recognition/effect of outliers, and (5) comparing two or more data sets. Students were asked to indicate the representation that they found most helpful in answering these questions. Students chose from box plots, dot plots, histograms, and data tables. The conclusions drawn from this study involved the use of two types of statistical analyses combined with observed trends within the data. A goodness of fit test determined that within each of the main ideas, representational preferences existed. Confidence intervals were used in combination with observed preferences to determine if and where individual representational preferences existed. The results indicated that these pre-service teachers typically focused on median as typical value for a data set, felt that any of the graphs could be used to determine distribution, lacked a complete understanding of standard deviation, and that their initial focus on individual points when recognizing outliers developed into a more global view of the data as they reasoned about the outliersâ effects. Discussions and implications from this survey along with recommendations for future research are included.
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Booi, Arthur Mzwandile. "An empirical investigation of the extension of servqual to measure internal service quality in a motor vehicle manufacturing setting." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006139.
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This research explores the role, which the construct, service quality plays in an internal marketing setting. This is achieved by evaluating the perceptions and expectations of the production department with regards to the service quality provided by the maintenance department of a South African motor vehicle manufacturer. This was done using the INTSERVQUAL instrument, which was found to be a reliable instrument for measuring internal service quality within this context. A positivist approach has been adopted in conducting this research. There are two main hypotheses for this study: the first hypothesis is concerned with the relationship between the overall internal service quality and the five dimensions of service quality namely: tangibles, empathy, reliability, responsiveness and reliability. The second hypothesis focuses on the relationship between the front line staff segments of the production department and the five dimensions of internal service quality. The results of this research suggest that the perceptions and expectations of internal service customer segments plays a major role in achieving internal service quality. In addition, the importance of the INTSERVQUAL instrument in measuring internal service quality within the motor vehicle manufacturing environment is confirmed.
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Gustafsson, Andreas, and Kenny Svensson. "A WCF service implementation of a statistics logger prototype." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Fakulteten för hälsa, natur- och teknikvetenskap (from 2013), 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-36316.
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This thesis project is about collecting usage statistics in an application, how the information can be logged and presented in a suitable way and to what purpose these statistics are used. The project is a logging service to which applications can connect and send performance and usage data. The service logs the data to a file, which can be opened in QlikView for presentation of data statistics. The resulting statistics are planned to be used for the evaluation and improvement of the client application and improvement on the end users way of working with that application. The service was implemented as a WCF service in C# and uses the logging capabilities of the Enterprise Library Logging Application Block. A WCF service is a service capable of having a variety of different applications connected to it, using different communication protocols. The result of our project is a working service prototype which logs data to file. Data generated by a test client is successfully logged by our service and its statistics is displayed in an application named QlikView.
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Fox, Marshall Edward. "Identifying opportunities to reduce emergency service calls in hematology manufacturing using statistical methods." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/104308.
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Thesis: M.B.A., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management, 2016. In conjunction with the Leaders for Global Operations Program at MIT.Thesis: S.M. in Engineering Systems, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, 2016. In conjunction with the Leaders for Global Operations Program at MIT.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 38-39).
The main goal of this project is to identify opportunities to improve the reliability of the DxHTM product line, an automated hematology instrument for analyzing patient blood samples. The product was developed by Beckman Coulter Diagnostics, a division of a Danaher operating company with principal manufacturing and support operations based near Miami, Florida. A critical business metric used to reflect reliability is the Emergency Service Call (ESC) rate. An ESC for an instrument is defined as the number of unscheduled, on-site technician visits during the one year warranty period. Though Beckman Coulter already deploys an extremely robust quality control system, ESCs can still occur for a wide variety of other reasons resulting in an impact to reliability. Any tools that support the reduction of ESCs may help generate positive perceptions among customers since their instruments will have greater up-time. This project entails an evaluation of a new initiative called "Reliability Statistical Process Control" (R-SPC). R-SPC is a form of manufacturing process control developed internally consisting of an electronic tool that collects raw instrument data during manufacturing. Unusual measurements are automatically sent to a cross functional team, which examines the potential trend in more detail. If an abnormal trend is identified, the examination could generate a lasting improvement in the manufacturing process. Currently, the success of R-SPC is measured by the extent to which it reduces ESCs. Because an unusual measurement engenders further actions to investigate an instrument, it is desirable to show with empirical evidence that the measurement is linked to reliability. To assess whether particular measurements were systematically related to the ESC rate, relevant data were analyzed via the Pearson Chi Squared statistical test. The tests revealed that some of the variables now monitored do not appear to affect the ESC rate for the range of values studied. In contrast, several proposed "derived" parameters may serve as better indicators of an instrument's ESC rate. Moreover, the Chi Squared methodology described can be used to investigate the relationships between other variables and the ESC rate. The thesis concludes by offering several specific recommendations to help refine the R-SPC initiative.
by Marshall Edward Fox.
M.B.A.
S.M. in Engineering Systems
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Casas, Hernandez Pedro. "Statistical analysis of network traffic for anomaly detection and quality of service provisioning." Télécom Bretagne, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010TELB0111.
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Traditionnellement, la gestion du trafic en cœur de réseau repose sur le surdimensionnement pour simplifier les opérations de gestion. Cependant, étant donnés la grande variabilité et l'hétérogénéité du trafic actuel, la montée en puissance d'applications qui nécessitent de la Qualité de Service, et le déploiement des technologies à très haut débit dans l'accès au réseau, il est nécessaire de développer des techniques d'ingénierie qui optimisent l'utilisation des ressources déployées. En particulier, il est nécessaire de concevoir une ingénierie de réseau qui s'appuie sur la mesure du trafic. La Matrice de Trafic (TM) donne une vision globale des volumes de trafic échangés sur un réseau. La tendance actuelle est d'estimer les TMs à partir des données remontées par les sondes NetFlow ou par ses avatars. Cependant, les mesures de trafic au niveau flot induisent une charge importante au niveau des routeurs. Par conséquent, les mesures sont sous-échantillonnées, ce qui induit une imprécision dans l'estimation de la TM. Dans nos travaux de thèse, nous avons proposé d'analyser la TM à partir de mesures des volumes de trafic agrégés échangés sur les différents liens du réseau. Cette approche réduit considérablement le coût engendré par la mesure et simplifie les questions d'implémentation. D'un point de vue statistique, le problème de l'estimation de la TM à partir de ces mesures est un problème linéaire inverse fortement mal pose. La première contribution concerne la modélisation et l'estimation de la TM. Nous avons proposé de nouveaux modèles statistiques et des nouvelles méthodes d'estimation instantanée et de poursuite pour analyser une TM à partir des mesures SNMP. La deuxième contribution considère la détection et la localisation d'anomalies volumétriques dans la TM. En utilisant un modèle linéaire parcimonieux de la TM, nous avons traité le problème de détection comme un problème invariant avec paramètres de nuisance. Nous nous sommes basés sur des algorithmes récents de théorie de la décision ayant des propriétés d'optimalité bien établies, contrairement à la plupart des techniques de la littérature qui se basent sur des heuristiques. La dernière contribution concerne l'optimisation de l'équilibrage de charge, dans le cas où la TM est variable et difficile à prévoir. En utilisant des techniques d'optimisation robuste, nous avons étudié différents scénarios en présence d'une demande de trafic fortement variable et incertaine. De plus, nous avons mené de manière critique une étude comparée des approches basées sur le routage robuste et des approches d'équilibrage dynamique basées sur les jeux de routage. Afin de démontrer la pertinence de nos contributions, toutes les méthodes proposées dans cette thèse ont été validées en utilisant des données réelles de trafic mesurées sur différents réseaux opérationnels. De plus, les performances des méthodes développées ont été comparées aux travaux bien connus de la littérature. Les résultats de ces comparaisons démontrent de bien meilleures performances dans la plupart des cas, et mettent également en évidence des défauts de conception de certains des algorithmes de la littératureNetwork-wide traffic analysis and monitoring in large-scale networks is a challenging and expensive task. In this thesis work we have proposed to analyze the traffic of a large-scale IP network from aggregated traffic measurements, reducing measurement overheads and simplifying implementation issues. We have provided contributions in three different networking fields related to network-wide traffic analysis and monitoring in large-scale IP networks. The first contribution regards Traffic Matrix (TM) modeling and estimation, where we have proposed new statistical models and new estimation methods to analyze the Origin-Destination (OD) flows of a large-scale TM from easily available link traffic measurements. The second contribution regards the detection and localization of volume anomalies in the TM, where we have introduced novel methods with solid optimality properties that outperform current well-known techniques for network-wide anomaly detection proposed so far in the literature. The last contribution regards the optimization of the routing configuration in large-scale IP networks, particularly when the traffic is highly variable and difficult to predict. Using the notions of Robust Routing Optimization we have proposed new approaches for Quality of Service provisioning under highly variable and uncertain traffic scenarios. In order to provide strong evidence on the relevance of our contributions, all the methods proposed in this thesis work were validated using real traffic data from different operational networks. Additionally, their performance was compared against well-known works in each field, showing outperforming results in most cases. Taking together the ensemble of developed TM models, the optimal network-wide anomaly detection and localization methods, and the routing optimization algorithms, this thesis work offers a complete solution for network operators to efficiently monitor large-scale IP networks from aggregated traffic measurements and to provide accurate QoS-based performance, even in the event of volume traffic anomalies