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1
Deblonde, Godelieve, Stephen Macpherson, Yves Mireault, and Pierre Héroux. "Evaluation of GPS Precipitable Water over Canada and the IGS Network." Journal of Applied Meteorology 44, no. 1 (January 1, 2005): 153–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jam-2201.1.
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Abstract Precipitable water (PW) derived from the GPS zenith tropospheric delay (ZTD) is evaluated (as a first step toward variational data assimilation) through comparison with that of collocated radiosondes (RS_PW), operational analyses, and 6-h forecasts (from the Canadian Global Environmental Multiscale model) of the Canadian Meteorological Centre. Two sources of ZTD data are considered: 1) final ZTD (over Canada), computed by the Geodetic Survey Division (GSD) of Natural Resources Canada, and 2) final ZTD (distributed globally), obtained from the International GPS Service (IGS). The mean GSD GPS–derived PW (GPS_PW) is 14.9 mm (reflecting the relatively cold Canadian climate), whereas that of the IGS dataset is 20.8 mm. Intercomparison statistics [correlation, standard deviation (SD), and bias] between GPS_PW and RS_PW are, respectively, 0.97, 2.04 mm, and 1.35 mm for the GSD data and 0.98, 2.6 mm, and 0.67 mm for the IGS data. Comparisons of GPS_PW with 6-h forecast PW (TRIAL_PW) show slightly lower correlations and a higher SD. The increase in SD is greater for the IGS data, which is not surprising, because in regions such as the Tropics and subtropics, moisture forecasts are of a lower quality and the RS observation network is sparse. From a three-way intercomparison (IGS GPS_PW, RS_PW, and TRIAL_PW) of the SD statistics, it is found that GPS_PW has the lowest estimated PW error (≈1 mm) for PW in the 5–30-mm range. For PW greater than 30 mm, the RS_PW estimated error is ≈2 mm, and that of GPS_PW is ≈2.5 mm. The TRIAL_PW estimated error increases with PW, reaching 5.5 mm in the 40–55-mm PW range. These intercomparison results indicate that GPS_PW should be a useful source of humidity information for NWP applications.
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Vandenberg, A., F. A. Kiehn, C. Vera, R. Gaudiel, L. Buchwaldt, S. Dueck, R. A. A. Morrall, J. Wahab, and A. E Slinkard. "CDC Vantage lentil." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 82, no. 1 (January 1, 2002): 109–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/p01-005.
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CDC Vantage is a high-yielding, yellow cotyledon lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) cultivar developed by the Crop Development Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan. It is intended for cultivation in all lentil growing areas of western Canada. The seed coat of CDC Vantage is pale green. It resembles CDC Richlea, the current commercial standard in Canada for the medium green market class of lentil. CDC Vantage was issued registration #4834 on 9 December 1998 by the Variety Section, Plant Health and Plant Products Division, Canadian Food Inspection Agency. Key words: Lentil, cultivar description, Lens culinaris
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Cooper, David, and Atle Nordvik. "PROTOCOL DEVELOPMENT FOR SORBENT CONTAINMENT BOOMS." International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 1995, no. 1 (February 1, 1995): 877. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-1995-1-877.
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ABSTRACT The Emergencies Engineering Division (EED) of Environment Canada, the Marine Spill Response Corporation, the Canadian Coast Guard, the United States Coast Guard, and the United States Minerals Management Service funded a project that resulted in the development of a new standard performance testing protocol for oil spill sorbents. As a continuation of this project, work is being performed to develop a protocol for testing sorbent booms in a containment configuration at the EED test tank facility in Ottawa. The protocol includes elements to test the behavior of sorbent booms using various currents, oil loading rates, and oil viscosities. The protocol will be proposed as a Canadian test standard and eventually as an international standard.
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Civelli, Stella, Enrico Forestieri, and Marco Secondini. "Mitigating the Impact of Noise on Nonlinear Frequency Division Multiplexing." Applied Sciences 10, no. 24 (December 19, 2020): 9099. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10249099.
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In the past years, nonlinear frequency division multiplexing (NFDM) has been investigated as a potentially revolutionary technique for nonlinear optical fiber communication. However, while NFDM is able to exploit the Kerr nonlinearity, its performance lags behind that of conventional systems. In this work, we first highlight that current implementations of NFDM are strongly suboptimal, and, consequently, oversensitive to noise: the modulation does not ensure a large minimum distance between waveforms, while the detection is not tailored to the statistics of noise. Next, we discuss improved detections strategies and modulation techniques, proposing some effective approaches able to improve NFDM. Different flavors of NFDM are compared through simulations, showing that (i) the NFDM performance can be significantly improved by employing more effective detection strategies, with a 5.6 dB gain in Q-factor obtained with the best strategy compared to the standard strategy; (ii) an additional gain of 2.7 dB is obtained by means of a simple power-tilt modulation strategy, bringing the total gain with respect to standard NFDM to 8.3 dB; and (iii) under some parameters range (rate efficiency η≤30%), the combination of improved modulation and detection allows NFDM to outperform conventional systems using electronic dispersion compensation.
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Beaud, Jean-Pierre, and Jean-Guy Prévost. "Models for Recording Age in 1692-1851 Canada: The Political-Cognitive Functions of Census Statistics." Scientia Canadensis 18, no. 2 (June 18, 2009): 136–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/800383ar.
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ABSTRACT As a number of recent studies have emphasized, it is relevant to examine official statistics not just merely to assess the accuracy of historical data, but also in their own right, as political-cognitive devices which, by providing a standard to measure things, allow for an agreement regarding their objective existence and, therefore, the possibility to act upon them. In this paper, we focus on the different manners according to which, prior to the modern census era, ages of respondents were classified. Four different models emerge from this analysis, which in each case can be related to a specific political and social context.
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Wei, Zhao Lan, Rui Yu, and Chu Yun Cheng. "Theoretical Study on Bridge Structure Condition Evaluation Based on Health Monitoring Data." Applied Mechanics and Materials 599-601 (August 2014): 751–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.599-601.751.
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After processed the signals obtained from monitoring system, one theory of condition evaluation was proposed on basis of a new evaluation parameter—index variation. One new condition grade division method was proposed from approximate statistic distribution of index variation, and as per the concept of confidence degree and confidence interval. Because the monitoring data and the standard of condition grade division were all interval numbers, interval extension evaluation theory was adopted to establish the model of condition evaluation. Set-Valued Statistics and gravity center based decision theory were introduced to divide weight into subjective weight and objective weight to make calculation. This evaluation method was found to be reasonable and had good project practicability.
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Rioux, R. "Un modèle de projection des prix utilisant les relations intersectorielles de l’économie canadienne." L'Actualité économique 51, no. 1 (July 14, 2009): 71–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/800606ar.
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This paper describes a simple cost-push price model which has been developed at the Structural Analysis Division of Statistics Canada. This price model is a traditional input/output cost-push model which has been adapted to utilize the rectangular industry by commodity input/output tables for Canada. It can be considered as the "dual" of the output model. Instead of analysing the propagation of demand through the economic system, the price model serves to analyse the propagation of factor prices throughout the system. The purpose of such a price formation model is to determine the impact on industry selling prices and domestic commodity prices arising from a change in impart commodity prices and primary input prices. This price model is of a static type; it accepts no substitutions and its structure is quite rigid. It is considered as being an annual model although it can be used for a different time period. This model is fully operational and is widely used by many government and private agencies.
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Mata, Fernando, and Ray D. Bollman. "An Analysis of Socio-Economic Strains and Population Gains: Urban and Rural Communities of Canada 1981-2001." Canadian Studies in Population 34, no. 2 (December 31, 2007): 191. http://dx.doi.org/10.25336/p6t31v.
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Important demographic shifts have occurred in Canada in the last decades. As a consequence of these shifts, many geographical communities have won or lost substantial number of residents between 1981 and 2001. Using the CCS (consolidated census subdivision) data set of the Agriculture Division of Statistics Canada, the paper explores the linkages between socio-economic strains and population changes affecting communities in a variety of regional and provincial contexts. A total of 2,607 rural and urban consolidated census subdivisions were examined across five census periods. Quasi simplex structural equation models using unemployment, earnings and poverty as indicators were tested on a variety of communities located in various OECD regions and provinces. Although the predictive power of strains on population gains was found to be limited in the models, a higher level of strain was persistently found to be negatively associated with population gains regardless of regional and provincial groupings of communities. Socio-economic strains were also observed to be relatively stable over time across a variety of geographies.
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Mirza, S. A., and J. G. MacGregor. "Limit states design of concrete slender columns." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 14, no. 4 (August 1, 1987): 439–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l87-067.
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The limit states design requires the use of load factors and resistance factors to consider the probability of overloading, understrength, or both. Research has been underway in Canada to introduce the probability-based limit states design for concrete structures. Based on the current knowledge of building load statistics, the National Building Code of Canada adopted a set of load factors which are different from those used in the Canadian Standards Association Standard A23.3-M77. This required the development of resistance factors that would be compatible with the load factors specified in the National Building Code of Canada. The research reported herein discusses the development of such resistance factors for use in computing the moment magnification of concrete slender columns. Key words: building codes, load factors, loads (forces), moment magnification, reinforced concrete, resistance, resistance factors, slender columns, stability, structural design.
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Szeicz, Julian M., and Glen M. MacDonald. "Dendroclimatic Reconstruction of Summer Temperatures in Northwestern Canada since A.D. 1638 Based on Age-Dependent Modeling." Quaternary Research 44, no. 2 (September 1995): 257–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/qres.1995.1070.
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AbstractRing widths from five Picea glauca stands at the alpine treeline in northwestern Canada are used to investigate climate-growth responses and to develop a long reconstruction of summer temperatures. Response function and linear regression analyses indicate that the radial growth response of these trees to climate varies with age and site. At most sites, the period of significant positive response to growing season temperatures declines with tree age. Age-dependent and standard (age independent) models are then used to develop two reconstructions of June-July temperatures for northwestern Canada extending back to A.D. 1638. Calibration statistics were similar for both models, but the standard model performed poorly during verification. The reconstruction produced using age-dependent modeling suggests June-July temperatures were cooler than present throughout most of the past 350 years, with the exception of the late 18th century. Particularly cool periods occurred at ∼1700 and in the mid-19th century. In constast, the standard model suggests that temperatures were similar to or warmer than present during the last 350 years. The age-dependent reconstruction compares favorably with other proxy climate records from northern North America. Age-dependent dendroclimatic modeling can provide a sensitive record of recent climatic change that allows the inclusion of previously rejected sites into dendroclimatic analyses.
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Miller, Kelly LR, Heidar Albandar, David Key, and John J. Haluschak. "Standard of care for MIBC is becoming more standard." Journal of Clinical Oncology 35, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2017): e16011-e16011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2017.35.15_suppl.e16011.
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e16011 Background: Despite consensus guideline recommendations, the management of muscle invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) varies dependent on institution setting. The risk of recurrence of localized bladder cancer after cystectomy is substantial and associated with stage. The current standard of care for possibly T2 and certainly T3-T4 MIBC is neoadjuvant cisplatin (NAC) based chemotherapy followed by cystectomy. As recent as 2011, only 12% of patients in this category actually received NAC (Feifer et al. 2011). Similar statistics have been confirmed in the US and Canada. Given there is a 13% reduction in risk of death with use of NAC, the adherence to this recommendation needs to improve. We hypothesize that in a multispecialty community practice where barriers to care are reduced that the percentage of eligible patients receiving NAC is significantly higher than previously reported. Methods: After IRB exemption obtained, patients from 2012-2015 with MIBC who underwent cystectomy were examined. Data collection included age, sex, date of consultation, dates and type of chemotherapy received, eGFR, date of surgery and surgical pathology report staging. Data were analyzed using Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Shapiro-Wilk, Mann-Whittney and Kruskal-Wallis statistical tests. Results: The average patient age was 69 years old with a male predominance. Approximately 54% of patients received neoadjuvant chemotherapy; however, three of those patients did not receive the recommended cisplatin based regimen. Fifty percent of patients received NAC and 57% of cisplatin eligible (age < 80, eGFR > 30) patients received NAC. The average time to cystectomy was 171 days among those receiving NAC, with a decrease in time to cystectomy correlating with age. Conclusions: In a community group practice, adherence to standard of care recommendations for higher stage MIBC patients to receive NAC are significantly higher than recently reported values, 50% vs 12%, respectfully. This was achieved while maintaining acceptable time to cystectomy. This supports our hypothesis that when barriers to care are decreased in a community group practice, high quality standards of care can be effectively delivered. In the future, 5 year overall survival will also be important to evaluate in this population.
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Sass, Robert. "Workplace Health and Safety: Report from Canada." International Journal of Health Services 16, no. 4 (October 1986): 565–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/p4n4-d0nm-m5cy-ylnj.
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This article represents a critical analysis of the major policy responses to workplace health and safety in Canada. It examines the deficiencies inherent in the legislative development of Joint Health and Safety Committees in most Canadian jurisdictions, the limitations regarding standard-setting of worker exposure to contaminants, and disincentive for employers to positively improve the workplace because of Workers Compensation legislation. Collective bargaining agreements in Canada have had only limited positive effects, while the ultimate legal sanction of criminal prosecution by the regulatory agencies has weakened enforcement and compliance of existing regulations. There has never been a successful criminal prosecution of an employer in Canada, even for multiple deaths. The article suggests the following four reasons for this “underdevelopment” of occupational health and safety in Canada: (1) the concealment of the dimension of the incidence of industrial disease based on Workers Compensation Board statistics; (2) the application of an incorrect theory of causation of both industrial disease and injury by both managers and government administrators of occupational health and safety programs; (3) the resistance of both senior and middle managers against increased worker participation in both work organization and job design questions; and (4) the general “moral underdevelopment,” rather than ignorance, of managers in favoring economic considerations or values at the expense of worker health and safety. In light of the magnitude of the problem and the deficiencies of existing policy approaches, the author proposes the need for greater workplace democratization of production and industry as a necessary and sufficient reform of workplace health and safety.
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Gilmore, S. R., D. K. Cone, G. Lowe, S. K. King, S. R. M. Jones, and C. L. Abbott. "Molecular phylogeny of Gyrodactylus (Monogenea) parasitizing fishes in fresh water, estuarine, and marine habitats in Canada." Canadian Journal of Zoology 90, no. 6 (June 2012): 776–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z2012-040.
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Gyrodactylus Nordmann, 1832 is a genus of monogenean flatworms that is well-studied in Europe and best known for the destructive pathogen of Atlantic salmon, Gyrodactylus salaris Malmberg, 1957. However, there is a paucity of information on species of Gyrodactylus occurring elsewhere despite that the genus is thought to be extremely speciose. Here we present the first major molecular phylogeny of Gyrodactylus using samples from host fishes in North America. Our aims were to characterize species and molecular diversity of North American Gyrodactylus to allow a determination of their evolutionary relationship with congenerics sampled from Europe. Specimens belonging to 25 species of Gyrodactylus and closely related species from Canada and the northern United States of America were identified using morphology and sequenced at 18S rDNA and ITS2 rDNA (totaling ca. 1430 bp). Significant molecular groups in North American Gyrodactylus were found to correspond to a major division in the genus based on the structure of the male copulatory organ. Results corroborate earlier findings suggesting that the genus Fundulotrema Kritsky and Thatcher, 1977, traditionally thought to be distinct from Gyrodactylus owing to the presence of a peduncular bar, falls within Gyrodactylus. The usefulness and application of the broadly conserved 18S primers as a standard tool for Gyrodactylus taxonomy is discussed and advocated.
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Pham, Khanh Quoc. "Application of statistical test on determining the unstable points in the basic network of horizontal displacement monitoring." Journal of Mining and Earth Sciences 62, no. 1 (February 28, 2021): 35–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.46326/jmes.2021.62(1).05.
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The paper represents the hypothesis test method that can determine the instability control points of the reference network in the displacement of construction. Regarding data processing in displacement monitoring, the detection and modification for instability points is an important task because this affects the computation of the displacement of monitoring points. This method has been applied in many countries over the world but not in Vietnam, and it is processed through two steps including the global statistics test and local statistics test. The global statistics test is to identify whether a control point is stable or not. The local statistics test based on the division of groups is to find the unstable control points exactly. Experimental computation is carried out in two monitoring cycles at Hoa Binh hydroelectric plant. In this experiment, this algorithm detected two unstable points among six control points. This result is in agreement with the result that is solved by Vietnam’s construction standard of TCVN 9399:2012. In conclusion, the hypothesis test method completely can apply in real geodetic production in Vietnam.
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Shinozuka, Y., and J. Redemann. "Horizontal variability of aerosol optical depth observed during the ARCTAS airborne experiment." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 11, no. 5 (May 31, 2011): 16245–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-11-16245-2011.
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Abstract. We present statistics on the horizontal variability of aerosol optical depth (AOD) directly measured from the NASA P-3 aircraft. Our measurements during two contrasting phases (in Alaska and Canada) of the ARCTAS mission arguably constrain the variability in most aerosol environments common over the globe. In the Canada phase, which features local emissions, 499 nm AOD has a median relative standard deviation (stdrel,med) of 19 % and 9 % and an autocorrelation (r) of 0.37 and 0.71 over 20 km and 6 km horizontal segments, respectively. In the Alaska phase, which features long-range transport, the variability is considerably lower (stdrel,med = 3 %, r = 0.92 even over 35.2 km). Compared to the magnitude of AOD, its wavelength dependence varies less in the Canada phase, more in the Alaska phase. We translate these findings from straight-line flight tracks into grid boxes and points, to help interpretation and design of satellite remote sensing, suborbital observations and transport modeling.
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Shinozuka, Y., and J. Redemann. "Horizontal variability of aerosol optical depth observed during the ARCTAS airborne experiment." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 11, no. 16 (August 19, 2011): 8489–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-8489-2011.
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Abstract. We present statistics on the horizontal variability of aerosol optical depth (AOD) directly measured from the NASA P-3 aircraft. Our measurements during two contrasting phases (in Alaska and Canada) of the ARCTAS mission arguably constrain the variability in most aerosol environments common over the globe. In the Canada phase, which features local emissions, 499 nm AOD has a median relative standard deviation (stdrel, med) of 19 % and 9 % and an autocorrelation (r) of 0.37 and 0.71 over 20 km and 6 km horizontal segments, respectively. In the Alaska phase, which features long-range transport, the variability is considerably lower (stdrel, med = 3 %, r = 0.92 even over 35.2 km). Compared to the magnitude of AOD, its wavelength dependence varies less in the Canada phase, more in the Alaska phase. We translate these findings from straight-line flight tracks into grid boxes and points, to help interpretation and design of satellite remote sensing, suborbital observations and transport modeling.
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Amrhein, C. G., and R. Flowerdew. "The Effect of Data Aggregation on a Poisson Regression Model of Canadian Migration." Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 24, no. 10 (October 1992): 1381–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/a241381.
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A Statistics Canada data set for Canadian migration data at the census division level incorporating information on income tax for 1986 has already been presented. This matrix of 260 × 260 flows was used to calibrate a set of Poisson regression models by utilizing flows for the aggregate population. In this paper, the relatively high spatial resolution is used to test for aggregation effects as the original 260 units are combined to form fewer, synthetic regions with larger areas. A series of simulation experiments are performed with three different aggregation algorithms to create 130, 65, and ultimately 10 (corresponding to the provinces) synthetic regions. Average results from the experiments are compared with the original model. Results are obtained that suggest that, in this case, obvious aggregation effects similar to those observed elsewhere (by Openshaw) are not observed.
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Ben Rejeb, Samuel, Bruce Lauer, John Salminen, Irene Roberts, Ashwani Wadhera, Michael Abbott, David Davies, et al. "Regulatory and Compliance Activities to Protect Food-Allergic Consumers in Canada: Research in Support of Standard Setting and Consumer Protection." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 87, no. 6 (November 1, 2004): 1408–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/87.6.1408.
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Abstract An overview is presented of the activities of Health Canada and the Canadian Food InspectionAgency (CFIA) in the area of food allergens. Since the 1990s, changes were made in the Food and Drug Regulations in order to better protect allergic consumers by imposing labeling requirements to clearly identify sources of priority food allergens in prepackaged foods. Policies of application as well as risk management strategies are discussed with some statistics on allergen-related food recalls in Canada for the years 1997–2001. Health Canada's allergen method development program is a pioneering research initiative that was developed in the early 1990s in support of the changing Canadian regulatory environment. The objectives and some of the accomplishments of this program are presented. The development of the CanadianCompendium of Allergen Methodologies under aWeb-based application to compile data on evaluated allergen detection methods will provide further support to compliance activities nationally, as well as to the international analytical community in both government and the food industry. Some emerging techniques for the confirmation of results generated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays are also discussed.
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Sheikh, Manal S., Rachel Smail-Crevier, and JianLi Wang. "A Cross-Sectional Study of the Awareness and Implementation of the National Standard of Canada for Psychological Health and Safety in the Workplace in Canadian Employers." Canadian Journal of Psychiatry 63, no. 12 (June 11, 2018): 842–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0706743718772524.
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Objectives: The National Standard of Canada for Psychological Health and Safety in the Workplace (the Standard) was released in 2013. The objectives of this study were to 1) estimate the proportion of Canadian employers who were aware of the Standard, 2) examine the extent to which the Standard has been implemented, and 3) describe perceived barriers to implementing the Standard in Canadian organizations. Methods: A cross-sectional survey in Canadian employers was conducted between February 2015 and January 2017. A random sample of Canadian employers was selected, and the individuals who were knowledgeable about the occupational health policies of the organizations were interviewed by telephone. The participants answered questions about the awareness, implementation, perceived effects, and barriers to implementation. Descriptive statistics and chi-square tests were used to characterize the results. Results: A total of 1010 companies participated in the study. Overall, 17.0% reported that they were aware of the Standard; 1.7% and 20.3% reported that their organizations had implemented the entirety or elements of the Standard, respectively; and 71.4% of participants believed that elements of the Standard would be implemented within the next year. The perceived effects associated with implementation of the Standard included increased job satisfaction and employee retention while the greatest barrier to implementing the Standard was the belief that psychological health and safety are irrelevant in the workplace. Conclusions: Many Canadian employers are still unaware of the Standard’s existence; however, most Canadian employers are positively inclined toward the Standard in its potential to help employee productivity and job satisfaction.
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Stejskal, Ladislav, Jana Pustinová, and Jana Stávková. "Czech households’ income conditions according to the EU SILC statistics." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 58, no. 3 (2010): 251–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun201058030251.
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Article is devoted to evaluation of the Czech population’s income situation according to the inquiry realized within the frame of the Statistics on Income and Living Conditions (SILC) project. This was carried out by the Czech Statistical Office in the year 2005. Selected introductive analyses are presented with the view of pointing at the primary data usage possibilities. Main aim of the paper is to explicate basic quantitative indicators of Czech households’ income situation in general, then in division according to social groups and regional belonging. Consequent aim encompasses the identification and analysis of the income unevenness measure by the help of alternative methodological approach. The essential findings and income characteristics are introduced, including recomputation to the physical and so-called standardized member. In compliance with the predefined threshold the households endangered with the insufficient income level are identified. Insufficient income level means that household earnings cannot cover standard living costs. This part is followed by the brief statistical analysis of the data set of this group of households and the reference to other studies which are currently being pursued. Conclusion comprehends the spectrum of processes and analyses that could follow, or are already worked out, in concurrence with the existing findings. First of these, for example, is the income situation evaluation of seniors involved in the enquiry. Reason is that this segment is traditionally perceived as economically weak and more or less dependent on the social system settings.
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Al Ayoubi, Alaa, Daniel Dalla Torre, and Melinda Madléna. "Craniofacial characteristics of Syrian adolescents with Class II division 1 malocclusion: a retrospective study." PeerJ 8 (July 15, 2020): e9545. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.9545.
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Background Malocclusion characteristics vary across different ethnic groups and populations. Limited data are available regarding the characteristics of Syrian adolescents with Class II division 1 (Class II-1) malocclusion, and the recent inflow of Syrian refugees and immigrants into Europe and many areas worldwide demonstrate the need for updated studies to discover the craniofacial characteristics of these new immigrants. Objectives The present compound cephalometric and tooth-size study sought to assess the dentofacial morphology, upper-airway dimensions, and tooth-size characteristics of Syrian adolescents with Class II-1 malocclusion and compare the results with established Syrian population norms. Materials and Methods The study sample consisted of 43 Syrian patients including 24 females and 19 males with Class II-1 malocclusion (age: 14.3 (±1.5) years, mean (±SD)). Cephalometric radiographs and orthodontic casts were analyzed using special orthodontic software (OnyxCeph3™) and a universal digital caliper, respectively. Statistics were calculated using the SPSS software. Results In Syrian adolescents with Class II-1 malocclusion, the position of the mandible relative to the nasion perpendicular (mean (95% confidence interval)) was −11.01 (−12.45, −9.57) mm. Facial axis angle showed a negative value: −6.25 (−7.65, −4.85) degrees. An obtuse nasolabial angle was observed: 104.05 (101.77, 106.33) degrees. The average width of the upper pharynx was 11.50 (10.53, 12.47) mm; however, there was no prevalence of an upper-pharyngeal width of 5 mm or less. The average value of the anterior tooth-size ratio was 80.69 (79.85, 81.53) percent. In total, 39.5% of the investigated subjects had anterior ratios outside two standard deviations from Bolton’s norm, while 25.6% of the investigated subjects had anterior ratios outside two standard deviations from Syrian population norm. Conclusions In this study, the inter-maxillary discrepancy of Class II-1 Syrian adolescents was a consequence of their hyperdivergent facial pattern. The observed small pharyngeal widths were not clinically significant, while the anterior tooth-size discrepancy might be clinically relevant.
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Ahmad, Tanveer, Xue Jun Li, and Boon-Chong Seet. "Noise Reduction Scheme for Parametric Loop Division 3D Wireless Localization Algorithm Based on Extended Kalman Filtering." Journal of Sensor and Actuator Networks 8, no. 2 (April 28, 2019): 24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jsan8020024.
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Thanks to IEEE 802.15.4 defining the operation of low-rate wireless personal area networks (LR-WPANs), the door is open for localizing sensor nodes using tiny, low power digital radios such as Zigbee. In this paper, we propose a three-dimensional (3D) localization scheme based on well-known loop invariant for division algorithm. Parametric points are proposed by using the reference anchor points bounded in an outer region named as Parametric Loop Division (PLD) algorithm. Similar to other range-based localization methods, PLD is often influenced by measurement noise which greatly degrades the performance of PLD algorithm. We propose to adopt extended Kalman filtering (EKF) to refine node coordinates to mitigate the measurement noise. We provide an analytical framework for the proposed scheme and find the lower bound for its localization accuracy. Simulation results show that compared with the existing PLD algorithm, our technique always achieves better positioning accuracy regardless of network topology, communication radius, noise statistics, and the node degree of the network. The proposed scheme PLD-EKF provides an average localization accuracy of 0.42 m with a standard deviation of 0.26 m.
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FIGIEL, KERRY, and MICHAEL FORBES. "The evolution of reel statistical methods." June 2019 18, no. 6 (July 1, 2019): 365–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.32964/tj18.6.365.
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Multiple statistical methods for calculating the variance partition analysis (VPA) of reel data have existed for decades. In the paper industry, VPA is also commonly known as reel statistics. VPA commonly consists of total variance (TOT) that is then divided into three components: cross direction (CD), machine direction (MD), and residual (RES). A common mathematical procedure is referred to as ANOVA (analysis of variance). TAPPI Standard Test Method T 545 “Cross-machine grammage profile measurement (gravimetric method)” addresses paper testing and includes the ANOVA equations that have also been used to analyze scanning data. In the 1990s, TAPPI published TIP 1101-01 “Calculation and partitioning of variance using paper machine scanning sensor measurements,” which contained simple formulas that were easy to implement and could be used by a novice to generate statistics on a spreadsheet. All involved quality control system (QCS) suppliers agreed to support this common method in their QCS. TIP 1101 was recently revised, and this paper concerns the analysis of data collected from a scanning sensor in a QCS and the creation of a common method for the calculation of reel statistics by TAPPI’s Process Control Division.
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Podolskiy, Evgeny A., Kaoru Izumi, Vladimir E. Suchkov, and Nicolas Eckert. "Physical and societal statistics for a century of snow-avalanche hazards on Sakhalin and the Kuril Islands (1910–2010)." Journal of Glaciology 60, no. 221 (2014): 409–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/2014jog13j143.
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AbstractThe analysis of historical avalanche data is important when developing accurate hazard maps. The record of snow-avalanche disasters on Sakhalin and the Kuril Islands is incomplete, due to the historical division into periods of Japanese and Russian rule. Here we combine and analyze data from Japanese and Russian sources to reconstruct a continuous record of avalanche catastrophes in the region from 1910 to 2010. Despite the relatively small scale of the majority of catastrophic avalanches, with a total vertical drop < 200 m, we document evidence that places the region among the most avalanche-affected areas in the world. In total, 756 fatalities and > 238 injuries have occurred in 275 incidents over a 100 year period (two-thirds of those killed were Japanese). This death toll is higher than that in Canada, New Zealand or Iceland, or non-recreational fatalities in France. A wave of avalanche disasters (1930s–60s) following intense colonization of Sakhalin and the Kuril Islands is evident. Although this ‘wave’ could be considered a local issue of the past, many presently developing countries may face similar situations. The fatality rate has decreased over time, due to social factors, and differs from that of any other region, in its absence of deaths through recreational activities. Although in recent years the fatality rate is lower than that of Iceland or the USA, the per capita avalanche casualty rate on Sakhalin and the Kuril Islands remains among the highest in the world.
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Nakhaie, M. Reza. "Electoral Participation in Municipal, Provincial and Federal Elections in Canada." Canadian Journal of Political Science 39, no. 2 (June 2006): 363–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s000842390606015x.
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Abstract.The purpose of this paper is to highlight the importance of social relations or social capital for voting turnout at three levels of Canadian government, paying particular attention to social contexts, socio-demographics and socio-economic forces. The data source is the Public Use Microdata File from theNational Survey of Giving, Volunteering and Participation, administered by Statistics Canada (2001). Results provide support for social capital theory. Those who donate to charities and/or volunteer have a stronger propensity to vote than their counterparts. Two other measures of social capital, social networks and participation in religious activities, are also related to turnout. However, their effects are comparatively modest. Among the social bases of social capital, community rootedness is an important predictor of turnout. Civic engagement or attentiveness to current affairs also significantly increases voter turnout at all levels of Canadian government. Finally, standard socio-economic and demographic predictors of political participation do show independent effects on turnout. However, with the exception of age, these predictors are not as consistent or as strong as social capital measures in explaining turnout. Theoretical and policy implications of the findings are discussed.Résumé.L'objectif de cette étude est de souligner l'importance des relations sociales ou “ capital social ” en ce qui concerne la participation aux élections municipales, provinciales et fédérales au Canada, en prêtant une attention particulière aux contextes sociaux et aux forces socio-démographiques et socio-économiques. Nos données proviennent du fichier de microdonnées à grande diffusion del'Enquête nationale sur le don, le bénévolat et la participation, administré par Statistique Canada (2001). Les résultats vérifient la théorie du capital social. Les gens qui font des dons aux organismes de bienfaisance ou font du bénévolat ont une tendance plus marquée à voter que les autres. Deux autres mesures de capital social, l'appartenance à des réseaux sociaux et la participation à des activités religieuses, ont aussi une corrélation positive avec la participation électorale. Leur impact est cependant relativement limité. Parmi les composantes du capital social, l'enracinement dans la communauté est un indicateur important de participation. L'engagement dans la vie civique ou un intérêt marqué pour les affaires courantes augmentent aussi d'une façon significative la participation aux élections à tous les niveaux gouvernementaux. Finalement, il s'avère que les variables explicatives socio-économiques et démographiques standard de la participation politique ont des effets indépendants sur le vote. Toutefois, à l'exception de l'âge, ces variables ne sont ni aussi constantes ni aussi déterminantes que les mesures du capital social pour expliquer la participation. Nous discutons dans cet article les implications théoriques et politiques de nos conclusions.
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Konstantinov, A. G. "Ammonoids of the Genus Yakutosirenites from the Carnian Stage of Northeast Asia." Стратиграфия 27, no. 2 (March 25, 2019): 107–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s0869-592x272107-122.
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A revision of ammonoids of the genus Yakutosirenites (Sirenitidae) from the Carnian deposits of Northeast Asia have been carried out. Based on the study of the morphogenesis of the most important structures of the shell, a division of the genus Yakutosirenites into two subgenus is proposed: Yakutosirenites with the type species Sirenites pentastichus Vozin, 1964 and Vozinites with the type species Sirenites armiger Vozin, 1965. A description of the genus and its subgenera and species is given. The significance of the species of these subgenera for the biostratigraphic subdivision and correlation of the Lower/Upper Carnian boundary interval is substantiated. The boreal-thethyan correlation of the Yakutosirenites pentastichus zone have been refined. For the first time, taking into account the data of the revision of the genus Yakutosirenites, the upper part of the pentastichus Zone is compared only to the Arctosirenites canadensis Beds of the Arctic Canada and to the lower Subzone of the Tropites welleri Zone of British Columbia, wich are an equivalent to the lower part of the Tropites subbullatus Zone of the Alpine standard.
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Cooper, David, and Ingvil Gausemel. "OIL SPILL SORBENTS: TESTING PROTOCOL AND CERTIFICATION LISTING PROGRAM." International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 1993, no. 1 (March 1, 1993): 549–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-1993-1-549.
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ABSTRACT Environment Canada's Emergencies Engineering Division is spearheading a program in conjunction with the Canadian General Standards Board that would see the development of a certification and listing program in addition to a national standard for the testing of sorbent materials. Funding for this program is provided by Environment Canada (EC), Canadian Coast Guard (CCG), Marine Spill Response Corporation (MSRC), U.S. Coast Guard (USCG), and U.S. Minerals Management Service (MMS). The test methods are based upon those defined by the American Society for Testing and Materials and previous test methods developed by Environment Canada for our series of reports entitled Selection Criteria and Laboratory Evaluation of Oil Spill Sorbents. This series, which was started in 1975, encompasses a number of commercially available oil spill sorbents tested with different petroleum products and hydrocarbon solvents. The testing program will categorize the sorbents according to their operating characteristics. The main categories are oil spills on water, oil spills on land, and industrial use. The characteristics we will be evaluating with the new test protocols include initial and maximum sorption capacities, water pickup, buoyancy, reuse potential, retention profile, disintegration (material integrity), and ease of application and retrieval. In the near future we plan to incorporate changes to the test that would involve increasing our list of test liquids to encompass spills in an industrial setting, in addition to testing sorbent booms and addressing the disposal problem.
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Judge, Lawrence W., Jeffrey C. Petersen, Donald L. Hoover, Bruce W. Craig, Nick Nordmann, Makenzie A. Schoeff, Brian D. Fox, D. Clark Dickin, and David M. Bellar. "A Fraction of Recommended Practices: Implementation of the FIFA 11+ in NCAA Soccer Programs." Medicina 56, no. 9 (August 19, 2020): 417. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina56090417.
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Background and Objectives: National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) soccer coaches implement numerous warm-up and flexibility strategies to prepare athletes for training and competition. The Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA) developed the 11+ injury prevention program to reduce non-contact injuries. This study aimed to analyze the level of familiarity with and implementation of the evidence-based FIFA 11+ amongst NCAA Division I (DI) and Division III (DIII) men’s and women’s soccer coaches. Materials and Methods: NCAA soccer coaches in the United States received an Institutional Review Board—approved survey hyperlink. A total of 240 coaches completed the survey. The respondents represented 47.5% men’s and 52.5% women’s teams distributed within DI and DIII programs. Descriptive statistics are reported as frequency counts and mean ± standard deviation where applicable. Pearson’s chi-square tests were performed to assess potential differences with a significance level set at α < 0.05. Results: The results indicated that approximately 62% of the respondents reported being familiar with the FIFA 11+ program. Of those coaches familiar with the program, 15.0% reported full implementation, 57.5% reported partial implementation, and 27.5% reported no implementation. Chi-square analyses revealed significant differences in FIFA 11+ implementation based upon division level (χ2 = 4.56, p = 0.033) and coaching certification levels (χ2 = 13.11, p = 0.011). Conclusions: This study indicates that there is a gap between FIFA 11+ knowledge and actual implementation. To reduce the risk of non-contact injury, there is a need to educate coaches and athletic trainers on the purpose of the FIFA 11+ program and how to perform the exercises correctly.
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Et al., Phramaha Wasuthep N̅anamedhi (Namphu). "A Model of Participatory Academic Affairs Management based on Buddhadhamma of Phrapariyattidhamma Schools, General Education Division." Psychology and Education Journal 58, no. 1 (January 15, 2021): 3687–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/pae.v58i1.1363.
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The purposes of this research article were 1) to study the condition of participatory academic management, 2) to develop a model and to propose a participatory academic management model according to the Buddhist principles of Phrapariyattidhamma School, General Education Division. Mixed methods research was designed. There were 3 research steps: Step 1: Study the state of academic administration with participation. Use the sample questionnaire with 335 teachers. The data was analyzed by statistics, namely percentage, mean and standard deviation. Step 2 Develop the model by interviewing 14 key informants, and step 3, propose a participatory academic management model by collecting with a focus group discussion of 9 experts. The study found that 1) Academic management with participation in overall was at a high level in all 5 areas: the development of the quality assurance system within educational institutions, academic planning educational supervision, Teaching and learning management, and evaluation of learning outcomes in educational institutions, and research to improve the quality of education in educational institutions. 2) Model development, it is the introduction of Buddhist principles, namely, Sappurisatham VII, Sutta III, Four Noble Truths, Brahmavihara Dhammas IV and Iddhipada Dhamma, to integrate with the 5 aspects of participatory academic management. 3) A participatory academic work management model according to Buddhist principles of Phrapariyattidhamma School, general education division consisted of 1) principles, 2) objectives, 3) administrative processes, 4) evaluation. It is appropriate to apply for the participatory academic management of Phrapariyattidhamma School, General Education Division. Body of knowledge from this research can be summarized as ADEBE MODEL.
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Eli-Chukwu, N. C., and G. N. Onoh. "Experimental Study on the Impact of Weather Conditions on Wide Code Division Multiple Access Signals in Nigeria." Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research 9, no. 2 (April 10, 2019): 3998–4001. http://dx.doi.org/10.48084/etasr.2630.
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In cellular network activities, before a site is integrated it is expected that each cell of the site meets the Nigerian Communication Commission (NCC) standard of ≥98% for both service accessibility and call completion rate which in turn depicts a ≤2% in both blocked call rate (BCR) and dropped call rate (DCR). It is suggested that weather conditions have a very strong negative effect on the performance of wideband code division multiple access (WCDMA) network as it could lead to signal attenuation or change the polarization. In this paper, we study the impact of weather conditions on WCDMA network in Nigeria. To achieve this, network samples (log-files) were collected weekly during a driving test in Enugu State Nigeria for a period of five years for both rainy and dry seasons, in which blocked and dropped calls were extracted. Results show that during adverse weather conditions, BCR and DCR rise greater than 8% and 4% respectively. Although with a slight relationship between the weather conditions, the weather condition during the dry season has a better-blocked call rate of 8.76% in comparison with the rainy season with 12.89%. Calls tend to drop more during the dry season. From the outcome of the experiment, a model was developed for predicting an unknown network call statistics variables.
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Kim, Seok-Hun, Euy-Hong Hwang, and Doon-Mook Choi. "Efficient Operating Control of Fire Protection of In-House Inspection Systems." Fire Science and Engineering 35, no. 4 (August 31, 2021): 52–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.7731/kifse.be7077c3.
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Installation of ancillary facilities such as electrical rooms is crucial due to the complicated structure and division of the interior of a complex building. Furthermore, carbon-dioxide extinguishing systems are mainly installed in these ancillary facilities, and the number of systems installed has been increasing annually. Accordingly, the importance of in-house inspection is being emphasized. In this study, the literature and statistics related to the in-house inspection of fire-fighting facilities were reviewed. Based on the results, problems were derived from the overlap between in-house inspection and similar inspection, the installation location of the pressure switch, the installation standard of the air respirator, the safety awareness of people involved, and the technical qualification level of the in-house inspection assistant. Additionally, improvement measures to enact, amend, and establish public notices were proposed for self-inspection systems.
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Rahiminejad, P., Gh Golshani, and Maliheh Arshi. "The relationship between moral, supportive and oppressive leadership styles, with the psychological capital." Global Journal of Guidance and Counseling in Schools: Current Perspectives 8, no. 2 (August 9, 2018): 67–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.18844/gjgc.v8i2.3580.
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This study to aim Investigate the relationship between moral, supportive and oppressive leadership styles, with the psychological capital. The current research is correlative and descriptive due to its nature. For this study, 400 samples were considered. After distributing and collecting questionnaires, 20 valid questionnaires for analysis were diagnosed, so research sample group was reduced to 380 persons. The sample randomly sampled based on a list of employees. The sample randomly sampled based on a list of employees. To collect log data, organizational effectiveness, leadership oppressive questionnaire, a questionnaire ethical leadership, supportive leadership questionnaire was used. Data analysis in two levels of descriptive statistics (frequency, percentage, mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (Pearson correlation, multiple regression and ANOVA (analysis of variance, a statistical method in which the variation in a set of observations is divided into distinct components.)) was performed using SPSS software. According to the result of the relationship between leadership styles (ethics and fairness, clarity of roles, division of power, oppressive leadership and leadership support) with dimensions of psychological capital (self-efficacy, the ability resourcefulness, optimism and resilience) there is a significant relationship
Key words: leadership styles, moral leadership, supportive leadership, oppressive leadership, psychological capital
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Fey, Anne, Remco van der Hofstad, and Marten J. Klok. "Large deviations for eigenvalues of sample covariance matrices, with applications to mobile communication systems." Advances in Applied Probability 40, no. 4 (December 2008): 1048–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1239/aap/1231340164.
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We study sample covariance matrices of the form W = (1 / n)CCT, where C is a k x n matrix with independent and identically distributed (i.i.d.) mean 0 entries. This is a generalization of the so-called Wishart matrices, where the entries of C are i.i.d. standard normal random variables. Such matrices arise in statistics as sample covariance matrices, and the high-dimensional case, when k is large, arises in the analysis of DNA experiments. We investigate the large deviation properties of the largest and smallest eigenvalues of W when either k is fixed and n → ∞ or kn → ∞ with kn = o(n / log log n), in the case where the squares of the i.i.d. entries have finite exponential moments. Previous results, proving almost sure limits of the eigenvalues, require only finite fourth moments. Our most explicit results for large k are for the case where the entries of C are ∓ 1 with equal probability. We relate the large deviation rate functions of the smallest and largest eigenvalues to the rate functions for i.i.d. standard normal entries of C. This case is of particular interest since it is related to the problem of decoding of a signal in a code-division multiple-access (CDMA) system arising in mobile communication systems. In this example, k is the number of users in the system and n is the length of the coding sequence of each of the users. Each user transmits at the same time and uses the same frequency; the codes are used to distinguish the signals of the separate users. The results imply large deviation bounds for the probability of a bit error due to the interference of the various users.
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ZARANDI, HAMID R., and SEYED GHASSEM MIREMADI. "HIERARCHICAL SET-ASSOCIATE CACHE FOR HIGH-PERFORMANCE AND LOW-ENERGY ARCHITECTURE." Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers 15, no. 06 (December 2006): 861–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218126606003404.
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This paper presents a new cache scheme based on varying the size of sets in the set-associative cache hierarchically. In this scheme, all sets at a hierarchical level have same size but are k times more than the size of sets in the next level of hierarchy where k is called division factor. Therefore the size of tag fields associated to each set is variable and it depends on the hierarchy level of the set it is in. This scheme is proposed to achieve higher hit ratios with respect to the two conventional schemes namely set-associative and direct mapping. The proposed scheme has been simulated with several standard trace files SPEC 2000 and statistics are gathered and analyzed for different cache configurations. The results reveal that the proposed scheme exhibits a higher hit ratio compared to the two well-known mapping schemes, namely set-associative and direct mapping. Moreover, the area and power consumption of this scheme is less than full-associative scheme.
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Gyapay, Julia, Shannon Freeman, and Donna Flood. "An Environmental Scan of Caregiver Support Resources Provided by Hospice Organizations." Journal of Palliative Care 35, no. 3 (December 15, 2019): 135–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0825859719883841.
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Background: Informal caregiver support programs offered by hospice organizations support the health and wellbeing of clients and caregivers. However, an understanding of the best practices for informal caregiver support programs currently undertaken across Canada remains unknown, particularly across the province of British Columbia. Aim: The aim of the present study was to describe what existing resources and supports are provided by hospice organizations for informal caregivers of persons who are nearing end of life or who are recently bereaved in British Columbia, Canada. Methods: In this descriptive study, two thirds of hospice organizations (N = 42/66; 26 urban, 16 rural) participated in a semi-structured telephone interview focused on informal caregiver support programs. All interviews were recorded, transcribed and analyzed thematically and descriptive statistics were employed. Findings: While no one-size-fit-all caregiver support program emerged as a gold standard across all hospice organizations, nearly two thirds (n = 26/42) offered one or more informal caregiver support programs. Four categories of caregiver support programs emerged from the data analysis, including companioning, bereavement and grief supports, education and service supports, and respite for caregivers. Conclusion: Caregiver support programs are a valuable service provided by some but not all hospice organizations across British Columbia, Canada. Future studies are needed to determine best methods for hospice organizations to formally assess caregivers’ needs and to determine the success and effectiveness of such programs in support of program expansion and evaluation.
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Basañes, Runato A., and Junelene May C. Dagol. "Work Engagement of Public Elementary School Teachers and Organizational Support." 11th GLOBAL CONFERENCE ON BUSINESS AND SOCIAL SCIENCES 11, no. 1 (December 9, 2020): 149. http://dx.doi.org/10.35609/gcbssproceeding.2020.11(149).
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The study aimed to determine the relationship between work engagement and organizational support of 167 randomly selected public elementary school teachers in the District of San Jose, Schools Division of Antique, Philippines. Data were gathered using the Individual Performance Commitment and Review Form of the Department of Education and the Eisenberger's Perceived Organizational Support Scale. Data were analyzed with frequency, percentage, mean and standard deviation for descriptive statistics while t-test for independent samples, One-way ANOVA and Pearson's r for inferential statistics. The findings showed that as an entire group, the level of work engagement of teachers was very satisfactory in all of the four work engagement aspects (teaching-learning process, students' outcomes, community involvement, and professional growth and development). There was a significant difference in the level of work engagement in the aspect of community involvement when grouped according to teaching load and in the aspect of professional growth and development when grouped according to sex. No significant difference was observed among the following groups: teaching position and marital status, the level of organizational support in terms of teaching load, teaching position, sex, and marital status, work engagement and organizational support of teachers. Keywords: community involvement, Organizational Support Public Elementary School Teachers, professional growth and development, teaching-learning process, students' outcomes, Work Engagement
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Pascual Verdú, Norberto, Aitor Álvarez Amorós, José Antonio Carbonell Martínez, and José Antonio Pérez Turpin. "Análisis de patrón gol en competición de fútbol sala: 1ª División y 2ª División B (Analysis of goal pattern in futsal competition: 1st Division and 2nd Division B)." Retos, no. 35 (December 14, 2018): 364–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.47197/retos.v0i35.66890.
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El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar las variables que definen el patrón del gol en las categorías de Segunda División B y Primera División del fútbol sala español, y observar si existen diferencias significativas entre una categoría profesional y otra semiprofesional. Se han analizado un total de 840 goles pertenecientes a la temporada 2016/2017. El método utilizado ha sido una metodología observacional a través del software Longomatch. Los resultados se presentan en estadística descriptiva a partir de medias, desviaciones estándar y porcentajes. Hay diferencias significativas en ambas categorías en relación a los goles encajados por la zona 2 de portería (p=.045) y en la situación de gol a partir de saque rápido del portero, ataque posicional o gol en propia puerta (p=.032). También se encontraron diferencias en cuanto al número de jugadores que intervienen para 4 (p=.000) y 5 jugadores (p=.002). En cambio no se detectaron cambios significativos en las variables “zona del campo”, “tiempo de juego” y “superficie de contacto”. Conocer en profundidad las variables más utilizadas por los jugadores para que se produzca un gol, permitirá ofrecer a nuestros deportistas una metodología de entrenamiento más eficaz en función del objetivo pretendido. Abstract: The aim of this study was to analyze the variables that define the goal pattern in the categories of the Second Division B and First Division of futsal, and significant differences are observed between a professional category and a semi-professional one. A total of 840 goals belonging to the 2016/2017 season have been analyzed. The method used has been an observational methodology through Longomatch software. The results are presented in the descriptive statistics of means, standard deviations and percentages. There are significant differences in both categories in relation to the goals conceded by goal zone 2 (p=.045) and in the rapid goal goalkeeper position, positional attack or own goal (p=.032). There were also differences in the number of players involved for 4 (p=.000) and 5 players (p=.002). On the other hand, no significant changes were detected in the variables "field zone", "game time" and "contact surface". Knowing in depth the variables most used by players to produce a goal, will allow our athletes to offer a more effective training methodology according to the intended objective.
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Lui, Arthur Gregory Ang, Dimas Yusuf, Brock Randolph, Vincent C. Tam, Oliver F. Bathe, Sunita Ghosh, and Jennifer L. Spratlin. "A population-based study of biliary tract cancers (BTCs) in Alberta, Canada: How do our patients fare?" Journal of Clinical Oncology 35, no. 4_suppl (February 1, 2017): 246. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2017.35.4_suppl.246.
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246 Background: BTCs are poorly studied due to their rarity and heterogeneity. We explored demographics and outcomes of BTC pts over a 15 year period. Methods: All patients (pts) with biopsy-proven BTC (intrahepatic [IC] and extrahepatic [EC] cholangiocarcinomas, gallbladder cancers [GB], and ampulla of vater cancers [AV]) in Alberta were reviewed from January 1, 2000, to December 31, 2015. Demographic, pathologic, and survival data were extracted from electronic charts. Descriptive statistics were utilized. Overall survival (OS) was defined as the time from pathologic diagnosis to death date. Results: A total of 1,718 pts with BTCs were identified. Median age was 68 with 52% being male. The Table demonstrates OS breakdown based on tumour location and stage. Regardless of location of primary tumour, grade impacted survival (median OS in with well differentiated tumours vs undifferentiated tumors 26.6 vs 3.9 months). Pts who received standard of care palliative cisplatin/gemcitabine (Cis/Gem) chemotherapy (n = 123) had a median OS of 15.4 months. Conclusions: Patients with AV and IC have the best and worst prognosis, respectively. Shorter survival is observed with higher stage, grade, and unresectable disease. Pts who received palliative Cis/Gem had better OS than reported in the pivotal phase III trial. Further analysis of prognostic factors will be presented. [Table: see text]
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Oliver, Jonathan M., Brad S. Lambert, Steven E. Martin, John S. Green, and Stephen F. Crouse. "Predicting Football Players' Dual-Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry Body Composition Using Standard Anthropometric Measures." Journal of Athletic Training 47, no. 3 (May 1, 2012): 257–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4085/1062-6050-47.3.12.
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Context: The recent increase in athlete size, particularly in football athletes of all levels, coupled with the increased health risk associated with obesity warrants continued monitoring of body composition from a health perspective in this population. Equations developed to predict percentage of body fat (%Fat) have been shown to be population specific and might not be accurate for football athletes. Objective: To develop multiple regression equations using standard anthropometric measurements to estimate dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry %Fat (DEXA%Fat) in collegiate football players. Design: Controlled laboratory study. Patients and Other Participants: One hundred fifty-seven National Collegiate Athletic Association Division IA football athletes (age = 20 ± 1 years, height = 185.6 ± 6.5 cm, mass = 103.1 ± 20.4 kg, DEXA%Fat = 19.5 ± 9.1%) participated. Main Outcome Measure(s): Participants had the following measures: (1) body composition testing with dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry; (2) skinfold measurements in millimeters, including chest, triceps, subscapular, midaxillary, suprailiac, abdominal (SFAB), and thigh; and (3) standard circumference measurements in centimeters, including ankle, calf, thigh, hip (AHIP), waist, umbilical (AUMB), chest, wrist, forearm, arm, and neck. Regression analysis and fit statistics were used to determine the relationship between DEXA%Fat and each skinfold thickness, sum of all skinfold measures (SFSUM), and individual circumference measures. Results: Statistical analysis resulted in the development of 3 equations to predict DEXA%Fat: model 1, (0.178 • AHIP) + (0.097 • AUMB) + (0.089 • SFSUM) − 19.641; model 2, (0.193 • AHIP) + (0.133 • AUMB) + (0.371 • SFAB) − 23.0523; and model 3, (0.132 • SFSUM) + 3.530. The R2 values were 0.94 for model 1, 0.93 for model 2, and 0.91 for model 3 (for all, P < .001). Conclusions: The equations developed provide an accurate way to assess DEXA%Fat in collegiate football players using standard anthropometric measures so athletic trainers and coaches can monitor these athletes at increased health risk due to increased size.
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Justis, Leanne, Jeremy Crain, Merrill L. Marchetti, and Kenneth C. Hohmeier. "The Effect of Community Pharmacy Technicians on Industry Standard Adherence Performance Measures After Cognitive Pharmaceutical Services Training." Journal of Pharmacy Technology 32, no. 6 (September 23, 2016): 230–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/8755122516669379.
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Background: Cognitive pharmaceutical services (CPS) provided by pharmacists can improve patient adherence and industry standard performance measures. Community pharmacy technicians can aid in CPS support tasks on training, but it is unknown to what extent. Objective: To determine the effect of community pharmacy technicians on industry standard adherence performance measures after CPS training. Methods: Sixteen community pharmacy technicians within a supermarket chain division were chosen to participate in CPS training based on internal pharmacy benchmarking data. The training program consisted of 3 components: (1) classroom and (2) web-based training for medication therapy management platforms and (3) Hands-on in-pharmacy training. Researchers used pharmacy-specific EQuIPP reports of the proportion of days covered (PDC) for adherence related to diabetes, cholesterol, and hypertension to measure the primary outcome. September through October 2015 represented baseline data. November 2015 through March 2016 represented intervention data. Descriptive and inferential statistics were utilized for this retrospective analysis. The University of Tennessee Institutional Review Board classified the study exempt from review. Results: Overall, 100% of Cholesterol PDC 4-Star sites improved to a 5-Star score and 56% of sites improved in the Diabetes PDC score. All sites maintained a 5-Star score for RASA PDC postintervention. An average increase of 2.36% was observed for Cholesterol PDC across all sites. Possible lag time between the intervention and score improvements may limit relatability of results. Conclusions: This is the first study to report a positive trend between technician involvement in CPS and improvement in industry standard adherence performance measures. Further research capturing a longer time frame may be beneficial.
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Raddatz, R. L., C. F. Shaykewich, and P. R. Bullock. "Prairie crop yield estimates from modelled phenological development and water use." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 74, no. 3 (July 1, 1994): 429–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps94-080.
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The feasibility of estimating average yields of spring wheat, barley and canola for Manitoba, Saskatchewan and Alberta, individually and collectively, from crop-specific model output routinely published in the Winnipeg Climate Centre's Agrometeorological Outlooks was examined. Statistically significant correlations were found between crop district/census division yields for 1988–1992 and modelled end-of-season crop water-use, and between these yields and the end-of-season ratios of water-use to water-demand and modelled days-to-maturity. Up to 69% of the observed variance in spring wheat yields could be explained by modelled agrometeorological variables. The best R2 values for barley and canola were 67 and 64%, respectively. The regression equations so derived were applied to 1993 model output and the resultant average crop district yield estimates for wheat, barley and canola, aggregated up to the provincial and the Prairie-wide levels, were compared with Statistics Canada's preliminary (i.e., July) and post-harvest (i.e., November) crop survey estimates and with yield estimates from the Canadian Wheat Board's Western Canada weather model. From these comparisons it was concluded that the Agrometeorological Outlooks can provide timely provincial and Prairie-wide estimates of average yields for these important Prairie crops. Key words: Crop water-use, crop water-demand, modelling, yield, wheat, barley, canola
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Chow, K. C. Ander, and W. Edgar Watt. "Use of Akaike information criterion for selection of flood frequency distribution." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 19, no. 4 (August 1, 1992): 616–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l92-071.
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When conducting a conventional single-station flood frequency analysis, an appropriate distribution must be selected. Typically, sample statistics, probability plots, goodness-of-fit tests, etc. are used to facilitate the decision process. For the predominate case of a relatively short record length of flood series, this standard approach leads to undue emphasis on goodness of fit and virtually no consideration of the uncertainty due to additional parameters. The information criterion suggested by Akaike (AIC) is a measure to evaluate the "benefit" of goodness of fit and the "cost" of parameter uncertainty. The criterion is tested for 42 long-term hydrometric stations across Canada and its applicability and limitations are demonstrated in eight samples. The AIC is recommended as an aid in selecting a flood frequency distribution. Key words: flood frequency, goodness of fit, single station, information criterion.
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Morrison, Malcolm J. "Sir Charles Edward Saunders, Dominion Cerealist." Genome 51, no. 6 (June 2008): 465–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g08-028.
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Charles Edward Saunders was born in London, Ontario, in 1867. His father, Sir William Saunders, was the first director of the Dominion Experimental Farms (1886–1911). Charles received his B.A. with honours in science from the University of Toronto in 1888 and his Ph.D. in chemistry from Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore, Maryland, in 1891. He attempted a career in music, his first love, from 1893 to 1902. With his father, Charles attended the 1902 International Conference on Plant Breeding and Hybridization in New York, where he learned of Mendel’s theories of inheritance and their applicability to plant breeding. When he began work in 1903 in the Division of Cereal Breeding and Experimentation at the Central Experimental Farm in Ottawa, he used the knowledge he had gained at that conference. It was Charles’s goal to achieve “fixity” in the varieties that had been bred and released using phenotypic mass selection, prior to his tenure as Cerealist. He selected four heads from the wheat variety Markham and in the winter of 1904 he performed a “chewing test” to select for gluten elasticity and colour. Seeds from two heads were chosen, and seeds from one went on to produce the variety Marquis after extensive yield trials on the Prairies. Marquis was 7 to 10 days earlier than Red Fife, the standard bread wheat of the Prairies. The earliness and tremendous yield of Marquis wheat resulted in the rapid and successful settlement of the Great Plains and countless billions of dollars in revenue to Canada. By 1923, 90% of the spring wheat in Canada and 70% in the USA was Marquis. Charles continued as Dominion Cerealist until his retirement in 1922. He was knighted in 1934, and died in 1937.
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Jirasatjanukul, Kanokrat, and Namon Jeerungsuwan. "The Design of an Instructional Model Based on Connectivism and Constructivism to Create Innovation in Real World Experience." International Education Studies 11, no. 3 (February 25, 2018): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ies.v11n3p12.
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The objectives of the research were to (1) design an instructional model based on Connectivism and Constructivism to create innovation in real world experience, (2) assess the model designed–the designed instructional model. The research involved 2 stages: (1) the instructional model design and (2) the instructional model rating. The sample consisted of 7 experts, and the Purposive Sampling Technique was used. The research instruments were the instructional model and the instructional model evaluation form. The statistics used in the research were means and standard division. The research results were (1) the Instructional Model based on Connectivism and Constructivism to Create innovation in Real World Experience consisted of 3 components. These were Connectivism, Constructivism and Innovation in Real World Experience and (2) the instructional model rating was at a high level (=4.37, S.D.=0.41). The research results revealed that the Instructional Model Based on Connectivism and Constructivism to Create Innovation in Real World Experience was a model that can be used in learning, in that it promoted the creation of real world experience innovation.
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Bete, Aisie Oyammi. "Students’ knowledge and process skills in learning grade-8 chemistry." Journal Of Research, Policy & Practice of Teachers & Teacher Education 10, no. 1 (April 10, 2020): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.37134/jrpptte.vol10.1.1.2020.
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Determining the knowledge and skills of students are identified as aspects in enhancing the students’ academic performance in sciences. Using the research instrument composed of test items and process skills checklist, data were gathered from 332 grade 8 students from the seven (7) public high schools in the Division of Santiago City, Philippines to assess their knowledge and science process skills in learning grade 8-Chemistry. Standard score (z-score) and descriptive statistics were used to analyzed the data. It was revealed that the student-respondents’ knowledge belongs to “developing proficiency level” while their process skills were rated as poor in their grade 8-Chemistry subject. In using the z-scores, most of the respondents are partially proficient in their scientific knowledge and skills. Based from the result, specific topics in grade 8 chemistry that needs an intervention material were identified. These intervention materials will be subjected to validation and further assessment. In improving the level of process skills and knowledge, students are encouraged to participate in different chemistry activities and for the teachers to elevate their science instruction and students’ academic performances.
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Fukuda, Haruhisa. "593. Additional medical expenditures attributable to pneumococcal disease in Japan." Open Forum Infectious Diseases 7, Supplement_1 (October 1, 2020): S360. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofaa439.787.
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Abstract Background Japan requires a reexamination of its current vaccination policies to reduce the prevalence of pneumococcal disease (PD). Although the decision-making process for vaccination programs must be informed by cost-effectiveness analyses, the lack of cost data from Japan precludes such investigations. This study was therefore performed to quantify the medical expenditures attributable to PD in Japan. Methods The study was conducted using surveillance data from the Japan Nosocomial Infections Surveillance (JANIS) program’s Clinical Laboratory Division and insurance claims data under the Diagnosis Procedure Combination (DPC) system. Data from April 2015 to September 2017 were obtained from 145 hospitals throughout Japan. As the analysis focused on community-acquired infections, the medical expenditures incurred during the PD hospitalization episodes directly represented the additional expenditures attributable to these infections. The descriptive statistics of the medical expenditures (mean, standard deviation, median, and interquartile range) incurred by the PD cases were calculated from the linked JANIS data and DPC data. In addition, these descriptive statistics were also generated according to the presence/absence of IPD and age groups. Results The study sample comprised 1,689 PD cases from 29 hospitals during the study period. Of these, 77 were IPD cases and 1,612 were non-IPD cases. The mean medical expenditures (standard deviation) for all PD cases, IPD cases, and non-IPD cases were estimated to be 1,016,801 yen (1,704,067 yen), 1,660,477 yen (2,078,667 yen), and 986,055 yen (1,678,705 yen), respectively. In addition, the medical expenditures associated with patients aged 60–64 years (1,646,739 yen) and 65 years or older (1,646,286 yen) were substantially higher than those of younger patients aged 5–59 years (1,424,105 yen). Conclusion These estimates have applications in cost-effectiveness analyses of PD preventive measures, which can subsequently inform and guide national vaccination policies. Disclosures Haruhisa Fukuda, n/a, Pfizer Japan Inc. (Scientific Research Study Investigator)
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Snedden, Traci R., John Scerpella, Stephanie A. Kliethermes, Rocío S. Norman, Liga Blyholder, Jen Sanfilippo, Timothy A. McGuine, and Bryan Heiderscheit. "Sport and Physical Activity Level Impacts Health-Related Quality of Life Among Collegiate Students." American Journal of Health Promotion 33, no. 5 (December 26, 2018): 675–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0890117118817715.
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Purpose: To examine and compare the role of self-assessed sport and physical activity involvement on the health-related quality of life among undergraduate student-athletes and general undergraduate college students. Design: Cross-sectional survey. Data set was examined for differences in physical and mental health by self-assessed sport and physical activity level. Setting: Large Midwestern University in the fall of 2016. Participants: A combined data set representing undergraduate Division I student athletes (n = 842) and general undergraduate students (n = 1322). Measures: Veterans RAND 12 Item Health Survey (VR-12), as measure of health-related quality of life, comprised of physical component score (PCS) and mental component score (MCS). Self-assessed sport and physical activity level categorized as Division I athlete, club athlete, intramural player, student who works out regularly, or student who is physically inactive. Analysis: Standard univariable statistics described the study population. Two-sample t tests and χ2 tests were conducted, as appropriate, to compare Division I student-athletes to the general undergraduate group. Multivariable linear regression models were then built to assess associations between physical activity level and year in school with VR-12 outcomes, after adjusting for sex. All pairwise interactions were considered for inclusion in the final models. Adjusted least-square means were calculated for all variables in the model; pairwise comparisons were adjusted for multiple comparisons via Tukey-Kramer adjustment criteria. A linear test for trend was also conducted for the association between VR-12 MCS and increasing physical activity. Results: Significant differences in MCS were noted between levels of sport and physical activity; however, such differences were not detected in PCS. After controlling for sex, a positive relationship between increased sport and physical activity level and greater MCS was found. Conclusions: This study represents the first prospective assessment of health-related quality of life among undergraduate athletes and general college students. Higher levels of sport and physical activity were associated with more positive mental health in these populations.
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Stockwell, Tim, Samuel Churchill, Adam Sherk, Justin Sorge, and Paul Gruenewald. "How many alcohol-attributable deaths and hospital admissions could be prevented by alternative pricing and taxation policies? Modelling impacts on alcohol consumption, revenues and related harms in Canada." Health Promotion and Chronic Disease Prevention in Canada 40, no. 5/6 (June 2020): 153–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.24095/hpcdp.40.5/6.04.
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Introduction In 2017, Canada increased alcohol excise taxes for the first time in over three decades. In this article, we describe a model to estimate various effects of additional tax and price policies that are predicted to improve health outcomes. Methods We obtained alcohol sales and taxation data for 2016/17 for all Canadian jurisdictions from Statistics Canada and product-level sales data for British Columbia. We modelled effects of alternative price and tax policies - revenue-neutral taxes, inflation-adjusted taxes and minimum unit prices (MUPs) - on consumption, revenues and harms. We used published price elasticities to estimate impacts on consumption and revenue and the International Model for Alcohol Harms and Policies (InterMAHP) to estimate impacts on alcohol-attributable mortality and morbidity. Results Other things being equal, revenue-neutral alcohol volumetric taxes (AVT) would have minimal influence on overall alcohol consumption and related harms. Inflation-adjusted AVT would result in 3.83% less consumption, 329 fewer deaths and 3762 fewer hospital admissions. A MUP of $1.75 per standard drink (equal to 17.05mL ethanol) would have reduced consumption by 8.68% in 2016, which in turn would have reduced the number of deaths by 732 and the number of hospitalizations by 8329 that year. Indexing alcohol excise taxes between 1991/92 and 2016/17 would have resulted in the federal government gaining approximately $10.97 billion. We estimated this could have prevented 4000-5400 deaths and 43 000-56 000 hospitalizations. Conclusion Improved public health outcomes would be made possible by (1) increasing alcohol excise tax rates across all beverages to compensate for past failures to index rates, and (2) setting a MUP of at least $1.75 per standard drink. While reducing alcohol-caused harms, these tax policies would have the added benefit of increasing federal government revenues.
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Tran, Don Quang, Andrew G. Ryder, and G. Eric Jarvis. "Reported immigration and medical coercion among immigrants referred to a cultural consultation service." Transcultural Psychiatry 56, no. 5 (June 6, 2019): 807–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1363461519847811.
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Members of visible minorities are commonly targets of social coercion related to immigration and medical measures. Social coercion is associated with poor mental health outcomes and mistrust of medical services. This study will determine if Afro-Canadian immigrants referred to a Cultural Consultation Service (CCS) in Montreal report more or less medical and immigration coercion compared with other ethnic minorities. We reviewed the charts of 729 referrals to the CCS and gathered data on the 401 patients included in the study. Chi-square statistics examined the relation between minority group and self-reported coercion. Binary logistic regression models controlled for standard sociodemographic variables in addition to ethnicity, language barrier, length of stay in Canada since immigration, refugee claimant status, referral source, presence of psychosis in the main diagnosis, and presence of legal history. Patients were diverse and included 105 Afro-Canadians, 40 Latin Americans, 73 Arab and West Asians, 149 South Asians, and 34 East and Southeast Asians. Being Afro-Canadian was significantly and positively associated with medical coercion (p = .02, 95% CI = 1.15-4.57), while being South Asian was negatively and significantly associated with immigration coercion (p = .03, 95% CI = .29–.93). Members of visible minority communities are not equal in their reported experience of social coercion after arriving to Canada. Future research clarifying pathways to mental health care for immigrants and the experience of new Canadians in immigration and health care settings would give needed context to the findings of this study.
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Schneiderman, David. "Haldane Unrevealed." Review Essay 57, no. 3 (May 4, 2012): 597–626. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1009068ar.
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When historians proffer historical truths they “must not merely tell truths,” they must “demonstrate their truthfulness as well,” observes Hackett Fisher. As against this standard, Frederick Vaughan's intellectual biography of Richard Burdon Haldane does not fare so well. Vaughan argues that Viscount Haldane’s jurisprudential tilt, which favoured the provinces in Canadian federalism cases before the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council, was rooted in Haldane’s philosophizing about Hegel. He does so, however, without much reference to the political and legal currents within which Haldane thought, wrote, and thrived. More remarkably, Vaughan does not derive from his reading of Haldane and Hegel any clear preference for the local over the national. We are left to look elsewhere for an explanation for Haldane’s favouring of the provincial side in division-of-powers cases. Vaughan additionally speculates about why Haldane’s predecessor Lord Watson took a similar judicial path, yet offers only tired and unconvincing rationales. Vaughan, lastly, rips Haldane out of historical context for the purpose of condemning contemporary Supreme Court of Canada decision making under the Charter. Under the guise of purposive interpretation, Vaughan claims that the justices are guilty of constitutionalizing a “historical relativism” that Vaughan wrongly alleges Hegel to have propounded. While passing judgment on the book’s merits, the purpose of this review essay is to evaluate the book by situating it in the historiographic record, a record that Vaughan ignores at his peril.