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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Statistics (see also social sciences) ; statistics / Dissertations / Theses

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Statistics (see also social sciences) ; statistics'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 4 February 2022

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1

Kartsonaki, Christiana. "Some aspects of complex statistical dependencies." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:878f4fcf-30de-4cbb-93fe-a8645cd13ba0.

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In the first part parametric models for which the likelihood is intractable are discussed. A method for fitting such models when simulation from the model is possible is presented, which gives estimates that are linear functions of a possibly large set of candidate features. A combination of simulations based on a fractional design and sets of discriminant analyses is used to find an optimal estimate of the parameter vector and its covariance matrix. The procedure is an alternative to Approximate Bayesian Computation and Indirect Inference methods. A way of assessing goodness of fit is briefly

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2

Fang, Zhou. "Reweighting methods in high dimensional regression." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2012. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:26f8541a-9e2d-466a-84aa-e6850c4baba9.

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In this thesis, we focus on the application of covariate reweighting with Lasso-style methods for regression in high dimensions, particularly where p ≥ n. We apply a particular focus to the case of sparse regression under a-priori grouping structures. In such problems, even in the linear case, accurate estimation is difficult. Various authors have suggested ideas such as the Group Lasso and the Sparse Group Lasso, based on convex penalties, or alternatively methods like the Group Bridge, which rely on convergence under repetition to some local minimum of a concave penalised likelihood. We prop

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3

Qu, Shuo. "Models and software for improving the profitability of pharmaceutical research." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2011. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:1a73a652-9e85-4952-b6ef-8aeb83917cdf.

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Pharmaceutical R&D is time-consuming, extremely costly and involves great uncertainty. Although there is a broad range of literature on statistical issues in clinical trials, there is not much that focuses directly on the modelling of pre-clinical research. This thesis investigates models and associated software for improving decisionmaking in this area, building on earlier work by the same research group. We introduce a class of adaptive policies called forwards induction policies for candidate drug selection, and show that these are optimal, with a straightforward solution algorithm, within

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4

Lee, Anthony. "On auxiliary variables and many-core architectures in computational statistics." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2011. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:244040a7-f094-4d57-a78f-e154ed3b353c.

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Emerging many-core computer architectures provide an incentive for computational methods to exhibit specific types of parallelism. Our ability to perform inference in Bayesian statistics is often dependent upon our ability to approximate expectations of functions of random variables, for which Monte Carlo methodology provides a general purpose solution using a computer. This thesis is primarily concerned with exploring the gains that can be obtained by using many-core architectures to accelerate existing population-based Monte Carlo algorithms, as well as providing a novel general framework th

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5

Ciampa, Julia Grant. "Multilocus approaches to the detection of disease susceptibility regions : methods and applications." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2012. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:8f82a624-7d80-438c-af3e-68ce983ff45f.

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This thesis focuses on multilocus methods designed to detect single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that are associated with disease using case-control data. I study multilocus methods that allow for interaction in the regression model because epistasis is thought to be pervasive in the etiology of common human diseases. In contrast, the single-SNP models widely used in genome wide association studies (GWAS) are thought to oversimplify the underlying biology. I consider both pairwise interactions between individual SNPs and modular interactions between sets of biologically similar SNPs. Modula

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Markvardsen, Anders Johannes. "Polarised neutron diffraction measurements of PrBa2Cu3O6+x and the Bayesian statistical analysis of such data." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2000. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:bef0c991-4e1c-4b07-952a-a0fe7e4943f7.

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The physics of the series Pr<sub>y</sub>Y<sub>1-y</sub>Ba<sub>2</sub>Cu<sub>3</sub>O<sub>6+x</sub>, and ability of Pr to suppress superconductivity, has been a subject of frequent discussions in the literature for more than a decade. This thesis describes a polarised neutron diffraction (PND) experiment performed on PrBa<sub>2</sub>Cu<sub>3</sub>O<sub>6.24</sub> designed to find out something about the electron structure. This experiment pushed the limits of what can be done using the PND technique. The problem is one of a limited number of measured Fourier components that need to be inve

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7

Choy, Tze Leung. "Sparse distance metric learning." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:a98695a3-0a60-448f-9ec0-63da3c37f7fa.

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A good distance metric can improve the accuracy of a nearest neighbour classifier. Xing et al. (2002) proposed distance metric learning to find a linear transformation of the data so that observations of different classes are better separated. For high-dimensional problems where many un-informative variables are present, it is attractive to select a sparse distance metric, both to increase predictive accuracy but also to aid interpretation of the result. In this thesis, we investigate three different types of sparsity assumption for distance metric learning and show that sparse recovery is pos

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8

Probst, Cornelius. "Bayesian analysis of stochastic point processes for financial applications." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2013. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:7a756760-380b-4a16-9702-878731c757fb.

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A recent application of point processes has emerged from the electronic trading of financial assets. Many securities are now traded on purely electronic exchanges where demand and supply are aggregated in limit order books. Buy and sell trades in the asset as well as quote additions and cancellations can then be interpreted as events that not only determine the shape of the order book, but also define point processes that exhibit a rich internal structure. A large class of such point processes are those driven by a diffusive intensity process. A flexible choice with favourable analytic propert

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9

Iotchkova, Valentina Valentinova. "Bayesian methods for multivariate phenotype analysis in genome-wide association studies." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2013. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:66fd61e1-a6e3-4e91-959b-31a3ec88967c.

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Most genome-wide association studies search for genetic variants associated to a single trait of interest, despite the main interest usually being the understanding of a complex genotype-phenotype network. Furthermore, many studies collect data on multiple phenotypes, each measuring a different aspect of the biological system under consideration, therefore it can often make sense to jointly analyze the phenotypes. However this is rarely the case and there is a lack of well developed methods for multiple phenotype analysis. Here we propose novel approaches for genome-wide association analysis,

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10

Loizides, Charalambos. "Extensions of the case-control design in genome-wide association studies." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2012. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:89e057e5-d30f-4125-b210-14d1f2aa37c1.

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The case-control design is one of the most commonly used designs in genome- wide asociation studies. When we increase the sample size of either the controls or, more importantly, the cases, the power of whatever test we use will certainly increase. However increasing the sample size, means that addi- tional individuals need to be genotyped and this implies extra financial costs. However, nowadays with the emergence of genetic studies, a large number of genetic data are available at low or no extra cost. Even though those data may not be completely relevant to the current study, they can still

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11

Konis, Kjell Peter. "Linear programming algorithms for detecting separated data in binary logistic regression models." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2007. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:8f9ee0d0-d78e-4101-9ab4-f9cbceed2a2a.

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This thesis is a study of the detection of separation among the sample points in binary logistic regression models. We propose a new algorithm for detecting separation and demonstrate empirically that it can be computed fast enough to be used routinely as part of the fitting process for logistic regression models. The parameter estimates of a binary logistic regression model fit using the method of maximum likelihood sometimes do not converge to finite values. This phenomenon (also known as monotone likelihood or infinite parameters) occurs because of a condition among the sample points known

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12

Ramasamy, Adaikalavan. "Increasing statistical power and generalizability in genomics microarray research." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2009. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:81ccede7-a268-4c7a-9bf8-a2b68634846d.

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The high-throughput technologies developed in the last decade have revolutionized the speed of data accumulation in the life sciences. As a result we have very rich and complex data that holds great promise to solving many complex biological questions. One such technology that is very well established and widespread is DNA microarrays, which allows one to simultaneously measure the expression levels of tens of thousands of genes in a biological tissue. This thesis aims to contribute to the development of statistics that allow the end users to obtain robust and meaningful results from DNA micro

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13

Graversen, Therese. "Statistical and computational methodology for the analysis of forensic DNA mixtures with artefacts." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:4c3bfc88-25e7-4c5b-968f-10a35f5b82b0.

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This thesis proposes and discusses a statistical model for interpreting forensic DNA mixtures. We develop methods for estimation of model parameters and assessing the uncertainty of the estimated quantities. Further, we discuss how to interpret the mixture in terms of predicting the set of contributors. We emphasise the importance of challenging any interpretation of a particular mixture, and for this purpose we develop a set of diagnostic tools that can be used in assessing the adequacy of the model to the data at hand as well as in a systematic validation of the model on experimental data. A

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14

Kikuchi, Takashi. "A Bayesian cost-benefit approach to sample size determination and evaluation in clinical trials." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2011. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:f5cb4e27-8d4c-4a80-b792-469e50efeea2.

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Current practice for sample size computations in clinical trials is largely based on frequentist or classical methods. These methods have the drawback of requiring a point estimate of the variance of treatment effect and are based on arbitrary settings of type I and II errors. They also do not directly address the question of achieving the best balance between the costs of the trial and the possible benefits by using a new medical treatment, and fail to consider the important fact that the number of users depends on evidence for improvement compared with the current treatment. A novel Bayesian

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15

Churchhouse, Claire. "Bayesian methods for estimating human ancestry using whole genome SNP data." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2012. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:0cae8a4a-6989-485b-a7cb-0a03fb86096d.

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The past five years has seen the discovery of a wealth of genetics variants associated with an incredible range of diseases and traits that have been identified in genome- wide association studies (GWAS). These GWAS have typically been performed in in- dividuals of European descent, prompting a call for such studies to be conducted over a more diverse range of populations. These include groups such as African Ameri- cans and Latinos as they are recognised as bearing a disproportionately large burden of disease in the U.S. population. The variation in ancestry among such groups must be correctl

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16

Roddam, Andrew Wilfred. "Some problems in the theory & application of graphical models." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1999. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:b90d5dbc-6e9a-4c5e-bdca-0c3558b4ee17.

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A graphical model is simply a representation of the results of an analysis of relationships between sets of variables. It can include the study of the dependence of one variable, or a set of variables on another variable or sets of variables, and can be extended to include variables which could be considered as intermediate to the others. This leads to the concept of representing these chains of relationships by means of a graph; where variables are represented by vertices, and relationships between the variables are represented by edges. These edges can be either directed or undirected, depen

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17

Dilthey, Alexander Tilo. "Statistical HLA type imputation from large and heterogeneous datasets." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2012. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:1bca18bf-b9d5-4777-b58e-a0dca4c9dbea.

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An individual's Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) type is an essential immunogenetic parameter, influencing susceptibility to a variety of autoimmune and infectious diseases, to certain types of cancer and the likelihood of adverse drug reactions. I present and evaluate two models for the accurate statistical determination of HLA types for single-population and multi-population studies, based on SNP genotypes. Importantly, SNP genotypes are already available for many studies, so that the application of the statistical methods presented here does not incur any extra cost besides computing time. HLA

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18

Psorakis, Ioannis. "Probabilistic inference in ecological networks : graph discovery, community detection and modelling dynamic sociality." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2013. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:84741d8b-31ea-4eee-ae44-a0b7b5491700.

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This thesis proposes a collection of analytical and computational methods for inferring an underlying social structure of a given population, observed only via timestamped occurrences of its members across a range of locations. It shows that such data streams have a modular and temporally-focused structure, neither fully ordered nor completely random, with individuals appearing in "gathering events". By exploiting such structure, the thesis proposes an appropriate mapping of those spatio-temporal data streams to a social network, based on the co-occurrences of agents across gathering events, w

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19

Bhattacharya, Kanishka. "Gene x gene interactions in genome wide association studies." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:6cb7ab29-90df-4d70-bc2f-531f874b79d0.

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Genome wide association studies (GWAS) have revolutionized our approach to mapping genetic determinants of complex human diseases. However, even with success from recent studies, we have typically been able to explain only a fraction of the trait heritability. GWAS are typically analysed by testing for the marginal effects of single variants. Consequently, it has been suggested that gene-gene interactions might contribute to the missing heritability of complex diseases. GWAS incorporating interaction effects have not been routinely applied because of statistical and computational challenges re

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20

Choi, Yoonjoo. "Protein loop structure prediction." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2011. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:bd5c1b9b-89ba-4225-bc17-85d3f5067e58.

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This dissertation concerns the study and prediction of loops in protein structures. Proteins perform crucial functions in living organisms. Despite their importance, we are currently unable to predict their three dimensional structure accurately. Loops are segments that connect regular secondary structures of proteins. They tend to be located on the surface of proteins and often interact with other biological agents. As loops are generally subject to more frequent mutations than the rest of the protein, their sequences and structural conformations can vary significantly even within the same pr

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21

Palmer, Duncan. "Selection along the HIV-1 genome through the CTL mediated immune response." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:1cd57b15-485d-4f5a-8a1c-7702a355c597.

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During human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) infection, the viral population is in constant battle with the host immune system. The cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) response, a branch of the adaptive immune response, is implicated in viral control and can drive viral evolution in the infected host population. Endogenous viral peptides, or ‘epitopes’, are presented to CTLs by human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I molecules on the surface of infected cells where they may be identified as non-self. Mutations in or proximal to a viral epitope can result in ‘escape’ from CTLs targeting that epitope. T

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