Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Statistique des processus'
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Damaj, Rabih. "Inférence statistique sur le processus de Mino." Thesis, Lorient, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LORIS369/document.
Full textThe subject of this PhD thesis is the statistical inference on Mino process that we define as a one-memory self-exciting point process which intensiy has a special form. We begin with a general description of self-exciting point processes and we present methods used to estimate the intensity parameters of these processes. We consider the special case of a one-memory self-exciting point process, used in signal processing. We call the process: the Mino process. This process can be interpreted as a renewal process which interarrival times that follow a special distribution that we study in details. In order to estimate the parameters of a Mino process intensity, we utilize the maximum likelihood method. We solve the likelihood equations with a Newton-Raphson algorithm. We show the efficiency of the method on simulated data. The convergence of the Newton-Raphson algorithm and, the existence and uniqueness of the maximun likelihood estimators are proved. Lastly, we construct a test of hypothesis to assess whether a point process is self-exciting or not
Portal, Frédéric. "Statistique asymptotique des processus mélangeants." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1986. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37600466d.
Full textPortal, Frédéric. "Statistique asymptotique des processus mélangeants." Paris 11, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA112280.
Full textLessi, Oliviero. "Statistique des processus bilineaires et des processus de volterra." Paris 6, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA066205.
Full textRobet, Caroline. "Statistique des processus stables et des processus à longue mémoire." Thesis, Nantes, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019NANT4017/document.
Full textThis manuscript is divided into two parts. The first one is devoted to the study of - stable distributions and processes and multistable processes. After having built and studied an estimator based on log-moments of the stable distribution, an improvement is obtained by combining it with the Koutrouvelis estimator. Then, we give a nonexact method to simulate efficiently a multistable process, and we construct an estimator of its intensity function using an empirical moments ratio. The second part is devoted to the study of continuous time second order stationary processes with long memory. This process is sampled at random observation times such that inter-arrivals are i.i.d. The behaviour of the sampled process is then studied in time and frequency domains. For autocovariance functions with regular variation, we study the evolution of the memory after sampling. In addition, for an initially Gaussian process, the periodogram, partial sums and convergence of the local Whittle estimator for the memory parameter are studied
Lacombe, Jean-Pierre. "Analyse statistique de processus de poisson non homogènes. Traitement statistique d'un multidétecteur de particules." Phd thesis, Grenoble 1, 1985. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00318875.
Full textGasparyan, Samvel. "Deux problèmes d’estimation statistique pour les processus stochastiques." Thesis, Le Mans, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LEMA1031/document.
Full textThis work is devoted to the questions of the statistics of stochastic processes. Particularly, the first chapter is devoted to a non-parametric estimation problem for an inhomogeneous Poisson process. The estimation problem is non-parametric due to the fact that we estimate the mean function. We start with the definition of the asymptotic efficiency in non-parametric estimation problems and continue with examination of the existence of asymptotically efficient estimators. We consider a class of kernel-type estimators. In the thesis we prove that under some conditions on the coefficients of the kernel with respect to a trigonometric basis we have asymptotic efficiency in minimax sense over various sets. The obtained results highlight the phenomenon that imposing regularity conditions on the unknown function, we can widen the class ofasymptotically efficient estimators. To compare these (first order) efficient estimators, we prove an inequality which allows us to find an estimator which is asymptotically efficient of second order. We calculate also the rate of convergence of this estimator, which depends on the regularity of the unknown function, and finally the minimal value of the asymptotic variance for this estimator is calculated. This value plays the same role in the second order estimation as the Pinsker constant in the density estimation problem or the Fisher information in parametric estimation problems. The second chapter is dedicated to a problem of estimation of the solution of a Backward Stochastic Differential Equation (BSDE). We observe a diffusion process which is given by its stochastic differential equation with the diffusion coefficientdepending on an unknown parameter. The observations are discrete. To estimate the solution of a BSDE, we need an estimator-process for a parameter, which, for each given time, uses only the available part of observations. In the literature there exists a method of construction, which minimizes a functional. We could not use this estimator, because the calculations would not be feasible. We propose an estimator-process which has a simple form and can be easily computed. Using this estimator we estimate the solution of a BSDE in an asymptotically efficient way
Contal, Emile. "Méthodes d’apprentissage statistique pour l’optimisation globale." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLN038/document.
Full textThis dissertation is dedicated to a rigorous analysis of sequential global optimization algorithms. We consider the stochastic bandit model where an agent aim at finding the input of a given system optimizing the output. The function which links the input to the output is not explicit, the agent requests sequentially an oracle to evaluate the output for any input. This function is not supposed to be convex and may display many local optima. In this work we tackle the challenging case where the evaluations are expensive, which requires to design a careful selection of the input to evaluate. We study two different goals, either to maximize the sum of the rewards received at each iteration, or to maximize the best reward found so far. The present thesis comprises the field of global optimization where the function is a realization from a known stochastic process, and the novel field of optimization by ranking where we only perform function value comparisons. We propose novel algorithms and provide theoretical concepts leading to performance guarantees. We first introduce an optimization strategy for observations received by batch instead of individually. A generic study of local supremum of stochastic processes allows to analyze Bayesian optimization on nonparametric search spaces. In addition, we show that our approach extends to natural non-Gaussian processes. We build connections between active learning and ranking and deduce an optimization algorithm of potentially discontinuous functions
Ahmed, Manaf. "Sur l’évaluation statistique des risques pour les processus spatiaux." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSE1098/document.
Full textWhen dealing with environmental or climatic changes, a natural spatial dependence aspect appears. This thesis is dedicated to the study of risk measures in this spatial context. In the first part (Chapters 3 and 4), we study risk measures, which include the natural spatial dependence structure in order to assess the risks due to extreme environmental events and in the last part (Chapter 5), we propose estimation procedures for underlying processes, such as isotropic and stationary max-mixture processes. In the first part dedicated to risk measures, we extended the work in [44] in order to obtain spatial risk measures for various spatial processes and different dependence structures. We based these risk measures on the mean losses over a region A of interest. Risk measures are then defined as the expectation E[L(A,D)] and variance Var(L(A,D)) of the normalized loss. In the study of these measures, we focused on the axiomatic properties of asymptotic behavior (as the size of the region interest goes to infinity) and on computational aspects. We calculated two risk measures: risk measure for the gaussian process based on the damage function called access damage D+ X,u and risk measure for extreme processes based on the power damage function DνX . In simulation study and for each risk measure provided, we emphasized the theoretical results of asymptotic behavior by various parameters of a model and different Kernels for the correlation function. We also evaluated the performance of these risk measures. The results were encouraging. Finally, we implemented the risk measure corresponding to gaussian on the real data of pollution in Piemonte, Italy. We assessed the risks associated with this pollution when an excess of it was over the legal level determined by the European directive 2008/50/EC. With respect to estimation, we proposed a semi-parametric estimation procedure in order to estimate the parameters of a max-mixture model and also of a max-stable model ( inverse max-stable model) as an alternative to composite likelihood. A good estimation by the proposed estimator required the dependence measure to detect all dependence structures in the model, especially when dealing with the max-mixture model. We overcame this challenge by using the F-madogram. The semi-parametric estimation was then based on a quasi least square method, by minimizing the square difference between the theoretical F-madogram and an empirical one. We evaluated the performance of this estimator through a simulation study. It was shown that on a mean, the estimation is performed well, although in some cases, it encountered some difficulties
Zeng, Xianyi. "Pilotage des processus dynamiques par échantillonnage statistique." Lille 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992LIL10003.
Full textDuval, Céline. "Inférence statistique à travers les échelles." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00770547.
Full textCoeurjolly, Jean-François. "Inférence statistique pour les mouvements browniens fractionnaires et multifractionnaires." Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2000. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00006736.
Full textBarclay, Samuel. "Statistique d'un modèle de processus de déplacement dirige par un processus ponctuel." Antilles-Guyane, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003AGUY0100.
Full textIn this thesis we have developped a statistic model of a point process and a random trajectory. In this model, the transitions of the random trajectory are directed by a point process which care be vieved as signals emitted. We present a function called by "influence" which describes the intensity of transitions in function of emitting of signals. We showed asymptotics properties of non parametric estimator of the "influence" in case of intensity of signals are known and in case of intensity of signals are in known. In last part we do simulations by Monte-Carlo methods in roder to check asymptotics properties of estimation by kernel of the model
Chevalier, Claire. "Physique Statistique et Géométrie." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00332499.
Full textDuvernet, Laurent. "Analyse statistique des processus de marche aléatoire multifractale." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00567397.
Full textPons-Ledru, Odile. "Statistique des processus ponctuels indexés par le temps." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb376090267.
Full textPons, Odile. "Statistique des processus ponctuels indexés par le temps." Paris 11, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA112476.
Full textThis thesis is devoted to the asymptotic properties of statistics for time dependent counting processes. The first part studies and extends nonparametric estimators and tests used in survival data analysis. The second part generalizes them to the two-dimensional case and proposes a test of independence between two censored survival times. Then, the third part is an adaptation of Cox's regression model to a counting process having a periodic underlying intensity and to regressor processes satisfying ergodic and ϕ-mixing properties. The underlying intensity is estimated using an empirical distribution-type estimate and a histogram-type estimate. These estimates are asymptotically Gaussian and equivalent, as well as the associated regression parameters estimates. Finally, these results are applied to a feeding pattern analysis
Do, Van-Cuong. "Analyse statistique de processus stochastiques : application sur des données d’orages." Thesis, Lorient, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LORIS526/document.
Full textThe work presented in this PhD dissertation concerns the statistical analysis of some particular cases of the Cox process. In a first part, we study the power-law process (PLP). Since the literature for the PLP is abundant, we suggest a state-of-art for the process. We consider the classical approach and recall some important properties of the maximum likelihood estimators. Then we investigate a Bayesian approach with noninformative priors and conjugate priors considering different parametrizations and scenarios of prior guesses. That leads us to define a family of distributions that we name H-B distribution as the natural conjugate priors for the PLP. Bayesian analysis with the conjugate priors are conducted via a simulation study and an application on real data. In a second part, we study the exponential-law process (ELP). We review the maximum likelihood techniques. For Bayesian analysis of the ELP, we define conjugate priors: the modified- Gumbel distribution and Gamma-modified-Gumbel distribution. We conduct a simulation study to compare maximum likelihood estimates and Bayesian estimates. In the third part, we investigate self-exciting point processes and we integrate a power-law covariate model to this intensity of this process. A maximum likelihood procedure for the model is proposed and the Bayesian approach is suggested. Lastly, we present an application on thunderstorm data collected in two French regions. We consider a strategy to define a thunderstorm as a temporal process associated with the charges in a particular location. Some selected thunderstorms are analyzed. We propose a reduced maximum likelihood procedure to estimate the parameters of the Hawkes process. Then we fit some thunderstorms to the power-law covariate self-exciting point process taking into account the associated charges. In conclusion, we give some perspectives for further work
Raillard, Nicolas. "Modélisation du comportement extrême de processus spatio-temporels. Applications en océanographie et météorologie." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 1, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00656468.
Full textZerbet, Aïcha. "Contribution à l'étude de deux problèmes statistiques : analyse statistique des observations aberrantes : LAN contribution pour les processus stationnaires gaussiens." Bordeaux 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001BOR12369.
Full textGerville-Réache, Léo. "Analyse statistique de modèles probabilistes appliqués aux processus sociaux." Bordeaux 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998BOR10606.
Full textAchab, Massil. "Apprentissage statistique pour séquences d’évènements à l’aide de processus ponctuels." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLX068/document.
Full textThe guiding principle of this thesis is to show how the arsenal of recent optimization methods can help solving challenging new estimation problems on events models.While the classical framework of supervised learning treat the observations as a collection of independent couples of features and labels, events models focus on arrival timestamps to extract information from the source of data.These timestamped events are chronologically ordered and can't be regarded as independent.This mere statement motivates the use of a particular mathematical object called point process to learn some patterns from events.Two examples of point process are treated in this thesis.The first is the point process behind Cox proportional hazards model:its conditional intensity function allows to define the hazard ratio, a fundamental quantity in survival analysis literature.The Cox regression model relates the duration before an event called failure to some covariates.This model can be reformulated in the framework of point processes.The second is the Hawkes process which models how past events increase the probability of future events.Its multivariate version enables encoding a notion of causality between the different nodes.The thesis is divided into three parts.The first focuses on a new optimization algorithm we developed to estimate the parameter vector of the Cox regression in the large-scale setting.Our algorithm is based on stochastic variance reduced gradient descent (SVRG) and uses Monte Carlo Markov Chain to estimate one costly term in the descent direction.We proved the convergence rates and showed its numerical performance on both simulated and real-world datasets.The second part shows how the Hawkes causality can be retrieved in a nonparametric fashion from the integrated cumulants of the multivariate point process.We designed two methods to estimate the integrals of the Hawkes kernels without any assumption on the shape of the kernel functions. Our methods are faster and more robust towards the shape of the kernels compared to state-of-the-art methods. We proved the statistical consistency of the first method, and designed turned the second into a convex optimization problem.The last part provides new insights from order book data using the first nonparametric method developed in the second part.We used data from the EUREX exchange, designed new order book model (based on the previous works of Bacry et al.) and ran the estimation method on these point processes.The results are very insightful and consistent with an econometric analysis.Such work is a proof of concept that our estimation method can be used on complex data like high-frequency financial data
Gegout-Petit, Anne. "Contribution à la statistique des processus : modélisation et applications." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00762189.
Full textTiplica, Teodor. "CONTRIBUTIONS A LA MAITRISE STATISTIQUE DES PROCESSUS INDUSTRIELS MULTIVARIES." Phd thesis, Université d'Angers, 2002. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00739919.
Full textMassiot, Gaspar. "Quelques Problèmes de Statistique autour des processus de Poisson." Thesis, Rennes, École normale supérieure, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017ENSR0006/document.
Full textThe main purpose of this thesis is to develop statistical methodologies for stochastic processes data and more precisely Cox process data.The problems considered arise from three different contexts: nonparametric tests, nonparametric kernel estimation and minimax estimation.We first study the statistical test problem of detecting wether a Cox process is Poisson or not.Then, we introduce a semiparametric estimate of the regression over a Poisson point process. Using Itô’s famous chaos expansion for Poisson functionals, we derive asymptotic minimax properties of our estimator.Finally, we introduce a nonparametric estimate of the intensity of a Cox process whenever it is a deterministic function of a known coprocess
Bianchi, Annamaria. "Problèmes d'inférence statistique pour des processus de diffusion multidimensionnel." Paris 6, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA066567.
Full textIstas, Jacques. "Statistique des processus gaussiens stationnaires continus par méthodes d'ondelettes." Paris 7, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA077087.
Full textTiplica, Teodor. "Contributions à la maîtrise statistique des processus industriels multivariés." Angers, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002ANGE0046.
Full textConstant, Camille. "Modélisation stochastique et analyse statistique de la pulsatilité en neuroendocrinologie." Thesis, Poitiers, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019POIT2330.
Full textThe aim of this thesis is to propose several models representing neuronal calcic activity and unsderstand its applicatition in the secretion of GnRH hormone. This work relies on experience realised in INRA Centre Val de Loire. Chapter 1 proposes a continuous model, in which we examine a Markov process of shot-noise type. Chapter 2 studies a discrete model type AR(1), based on a discretization of the model from Chapter 1 and proposes a first estimation of the parameters. Chapter 3 proposes another dicrete model, type AR(1), in which the innovations are the sum of a Bernouilli variable and a Gaussian variable representing a noise, and taking into account a linear drift . Estimations of the parameters are given in order to detect spikes in neuronal paths. Chapter 4 studies a biological experience involving 33 neurons. With the modelisation of Chapter 3, we detect synchronization instants (simultaneous spkike of a high proportion of neurons of the experience) and then, using simulations, we test the quality of the method that we used and we compare it to an experimental approach
Mainguy, Thomas. "Processus de substitution markoviens : un modèle statistique pour la linguistique." Thesis, Paris 6, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA066354/document.
Full textThis thesis proposes a new approach to natural language processing. Rather than trying to estimate directly the probability distribution of a random sentence, we will detect syntactic structures in the language, which can be used to modify and create new sentences from an initial sample.The study of syntactic structures will be done using Markov substitute sets, sets of strings that can be freely substituted in any sentence without affecting the whole distribution. These sets define the notion of Markov substitute processes, modelling conditional independence of certain substrings (given by the sets) with respect to their context. This point of view splits the issue of language analysis into two parts, a model selection stage where Markov substitute sets are selected, and a parameter estimation stage where the actual frequencies for each set are estimated.We show that these substitute processes form exponential families of distributions, when the language structure (the Markov substitute sets) is fixed. On the other hand, when the language structure is unknown, we propose methods to identify Markov substitute sets from a statistical sample, and to estimate the parameters of the distribution. Markov substitute sets show some connections with context-Free grammars, that can be used to help the analysis. We then proceed to build invariant dynamics for Markov substitute processes. They can among other things be used to effectively compute the maximum likelihood estimate. Indeed, Markov substitute models can be seen as the thermodynamical limit of the invariant measure of crossing-Over dynamics
Brugière, Pierre. "Statistiques des processus de diffusions multidimensionnelles." Paris 9, 1992. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=1992PA090011.
Full textDia, Galaye. "Statistiques d'ordre dans les processus ponctuels : estimation de la régression." Paris 6, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA066257.
Full textCesars, Jasmine. "Inférence statistique et équations différentielles stochastiques. Applications en hydrologie." Thesis, Antilles, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019ANTI0428.
Full textStochastic differential equations (SDE) are often used to model random phenomenain continuous time. This is the case for SDE whose solution are diffusion processesdescribing propagations of diseases or financial stocks. The study of SDE governed bya Wiener process (or Brownian motion) has made good progress in recent years, butthe SDE governed by Levy processes jump are less studied due to their complexity.In this PhD work, we are interested in SDE with jumps, having an explicit solutionsuch as the Black-Scholes model governed by a Poisson process associated withstochastic jumps. The Langevin process with random jumps is also studied. Thedistributional properties of these models are presented, in particular the fact thatthe direct or transformed solutions of the associated SDE can be processes withindependent increments. The link with the probabilistic characteristics of the jumpamplitudes is highlighted. In practice, the observation of a solution process of theseSDE can be carried out only in discrete time whereas it is a continuous time process.The results, which we have obtained concerning the laws of probability associatedwith discrete time observations, allow to establish conditional likelihood useful forstatistical inference on the model parameters. Thus, the study of the logarithm of thelikelihood ratio is conducted in the case of the Black-Scholes model with jumps andchange points. A change point test about the intrinsic rate of decrease is proposedas well as methods of numerical simulations of the SDE solutions. Scripts writtenin the programming environment allows to generate artificial data sets offeringpossibilities to test inferential tools. An application in hydrology is carried out fromdata concerning Guadeloupe and from the HYDRO bank
Ould, Mohamed Abdel Haye Mohamedou Viano Marie-Claude. "Théorèmes limites pour des processus à longue mémoire saisonnière." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2001. https://iris.univ-lille1.fr/dspace.
Full textWintenberger, Olivier. "Contributions à la statistique des processus : estimation, prédiction et extrêmes." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université Paris Dauphine - Paris IX, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00757756.
Full textCampillo, Fabien. "Quelques applications des processus de diffusion: filtrage/statistique - contrôle - homogénéisation." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université Rennes 1, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00485401.
Full textMAES, JULES. "Statistique non parametrique des processus dynamiques reels en temps discret." Paris 6, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA066316.
Full textClément, Emmanuelle. "Modélisation statistique en finance et estimation de processus de diffusion." Paris 9, 1995. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=1995PA090017.
Full textIn the first part of this work, we describe a pricing methodology compatible with a statistical approach. We first study the determination of the term structure of interest rates from the observation of the prices of fixed-income bonds and we derive the constraints induced by the arbitrage free condition. We next extend the methodology to contingent claims whose cash-flows depend on the values of an underlying index. We present the model in a two-period case when the contingent price measure is a gamma measure. We extend it then to the dynamic case and we discuss some estimation methods. The second part of this work is devoted to the estimation of diffusion processes. We first present a review of statistical methods for diffusion processes. Then we study the parameter estimation of a diffusion process from simulated methods, when the process is only observed at discrete time
Mourid, Tahar. "Contribution à la statistique des processus autorégressifs à temps continus." Paris 6, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA066169.
Full textCai, Chunhao. "Analyse statistique de quelques modèles de processus de type fractionnaire." Thesis, Le Mans, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LEMA1030/document.
Full textThis thesis focuses on the statistical analysis of some models of stochastic processes generated by fractional noise in discrete or continuous time.In Chapter 1, we study the problem of parameter estimation by maximum likelihood (MLE) for an autoregressive process of order p (AR (p)) generated by a stationary Gaussian noise, which can have long memory as the fractional Gaussiannoise. We exhibit an explicit formula for the MLE and we analyze its asymptotic properties. Actually in our model the covariance function of the noise is assumed to be known but the asymptotic behavior of the estimator ( rate of convergence, Fisher information) does not depend on it.Chapter 2 is devoted to the determination of the asymptotical optimal input for the estimation of the drift parameter in a partially observed but controlled fractional Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process. We expose a separation principle that allows us toreach this goal. Large sample asymptotical properties of the MLE are deduced using the Ibragimov-Khasminskii program and Laplace transform computations for quadratic functionals of the process.In Chapter 3, we present a new approach to study the properties of mixed fractional Brownian motion (fBm) and related models, based on the filtering theory of Gaussian processes. The results shed light on the semimartingale structure andproperties lead to a number of useful absolute continuity relations. We establish equivalence of the measures, induced by the mixed fBm with stochastic drifts, and derive the corresponding expression for the Radon-Nikodym derivative. For theHurst index H > 3=4 we obtain a representation of the mixed fBm as a diffusion type process in its own filtration and derive a formula for the Radon-Nikodym derivative with respect to the Wiener measure. For H < 1=4, we prove equivalenceto the fractional component and obtain a formula for the corresponding derivative. An area of potential applications is statistical analysis of models, driven by mixed fractional noises. As an example we consider only the basic linear regression setting and show how the MLE can be defined and studied in the large sample asymptotic regime
Chakar, Souhil. "Segmentation de processus avec un bruit autorégressif." Thesis, Paris 11, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA112196/document.
Full textWe propose to study the methodology of autoregressive processes segmentation under both its theoretical and practical aspects. “Segmentation” means here inferring multiple change-points corresponding to mean shifts. We consider autoregression parameters as nuisance parameters, whose estimation is considered only for improving the segmentation.From a theoretical point of view, we aim to keep some asymptotic properties of change-points and other parameters estimators. From a practical point of view, we have to take into account the algorithmic constraints to get the optimal segmentation. To meet these requirements, we propose a method based on robust estimation techniques, which allows a preliminary estimation of the autoregression parameters and then the decorrelation of the process. The aim is to get our problem closer to the segmentation in the case of independent observations. This method allows us to use efficient algorithms. It is based on asymptotic results that we proved. It allows us to propose adapted and well-founded number of changes selection criteria. A simulation study illustrates the method
Delmas, Céline. "Distribution du maximum d'un champ aléatoire et applications statistique." Toulouse 3, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001TOU30212.
Full textRosenbaum, Mathieu. "Étude de quelques problèmes d'estimation statistique en finance." Marne-la-Vallée, 2007. https://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00003765.
Full textAzzaoui, Nourddine. "Analyse et estimations spectrales des processus α-stables non-stationnaires." Dijon, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006DIJOS063.
Full textIn this work a new spectral representation of a symmetric alpha-stable processes is introduced. It is based on a covariation pseudo-additivity and Morse-Transue's integral with respect to a bimeasure built by using pseudo-additivity property. This representation, specific to (S alpha S) processes, is analogous to the covariance of second order processes. On the other hand, it generalizes the representation established for stochastic integrals with respect to symmetric alpha-stable process of independent increments. We provide a classification of non-stationary harmonizable processes; this classification is based on the bimeasure structure. In particular, we defined and investigated periodically covariated processes. To simulate and build this unusual class, a new decomposition in the Lepage's type series was derived. Finally, to apply this results in practical situations, a nonparametric estimation of spectral densities are discussed. In particular, in the case of periodically covariated processes, an almost sure convergent estimators was derived under the strong mixing condition
Abu-Awwad, Abdul-Fattah. "Sur l’inférence statistique pour des processus spatiaux et spatio-temporels extrêmes." Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSE1079/document.
Full textNatural hazards such as heat waves, extreme wind speeds, and heavy rainfall, arise due to physical processes and are spatial or spatio-temporal in extent. The development of models and inference methods for these processes is a very active area of research. This thesis deals with the statistical inference of extreme and rare events in both spatial and spatio-temporal settings. Specifically, our contributions are dedicated to two classes of stochastic processes: spatial max-mixture processes and space-time max-stable processes. The proposed methodologies are illustrated by applications to rainfall data collected from the East of Australia and from a region in the State of Florida, USA. In the spatial part, we consider hypothesis testing for the mixture parameter a of a spatial maxmixture model using two classical statistics: the Z-test statistic Za and the pairwise likelihood ratio statistic LRa. We compare their performance through an extensive simulation study. The pairwise likelihood is employed for estimation purposes. Overall, the performance of the two statistics is satisfactory. Nevertheless, hypothesis testing presents some difficulties when a lies on the boundary of the parameter space, i.e., a ∈ {0,1}, due to the presence of additional nuisance parameters which are not identified under the null hypotheses. We apply this testing framework in an analysis of exceedances over a large threshold of daily rainfall data from the East of Australia. We also propose a novel estimation procedure to fit spatial max-mixture processes with unknown extremal dependence class. The novelty of this procedure is to provide a way to make inference without specifying the distribution family prior to fitting the data. Hence, letting the data speak for themselves. In particular, the estimation procedure uses nonlinear least squares fit based on a closed form expression of the so-called Fλ-madogram of max-mixture models which contains the parameters of interest. We establish the consistency of the estimator of the mixing parameter a. An indication for asymptotic normality is given numerically. A simulation study shows that the proposed procedure improves empirical coefficients for the class of max-mixture models. In an analysis of monthly maxima of Australian daily rainfall data, we implement the proposed estimation procedure for diagnostic and confirmatory purposes. In the spatio-temporal part, based on a closed form expression of the spatio-temporal Fmadogram, we suggest a semi-parametric estimation methodology for space-time max-stable processes. This part provides a bridge between geostatistics and extreme value theory. In particular, for regular grid observations, the spatio-temporal F-madogram is estimated nonparametrically by its empirical version and a moment-based procedure is applied to obtain parameter estimates. The performance of the method is investigated through an extensive simulation study. Afterward, we apply this method to quantify the extremal behavior of radar daily rainfall maxima data from a region in the State of Florida. This approach could serve as an alternative or a prerequisite to pairwise likelihood estimation. Indeed, the semi-parametric estimates could be used as starting values for the optimization algorithm used to maximize the pairwise log-likelihood function in order to reduce the computational burden and also to improve the statistical efficiency
Olivier, Adelaïde. "Analyse statistique des modèles de croissance-fragmentation." Thesis, Paris 9, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA090047/document.
Full textThis work is concerned with growth-fragmentation models, implemented for investigating the growth of a population of cells which divide according to an unknown splitting rate, depending on a structuring variable – age and size being the two paradigmatic examples. The mathematical framework includes statistics of processes, nonparametric estimations and analysis of partial differential equations. The three objectives of this work are the following : get a nonparametric estimate of the division rate (as a function of age or size) for different observation schemes (genealogical or continuous) ; to study the transmission of a biological feature from one cell to an other and study the feature of one typical cell ; to compare different populations of cells through their Malthus parameter, which governs the global growth (when introducing variability in the growth rate among cells for instance)
Gregoir, Stéphane. "Contributions à la représentation linéaire et l'analyse statistique des processus multivariés." Paris 9, 2009. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2009PA090026.
Full textThis thesis collects four. First, almost efficient tests for the presence of a couple of complex unit root in the presence of deterministic function oscillating at the same frequency are developed for univariate processes. Inference in this framework is non-standard and relies on the use of complex Orstein-Uhlenbeck processes. A Monte-Carlo study illustrates its finite sample properties and concludes that it outperforms already existing procedures. Second, a general representation theorem under an autoregressive form is proved for a large class of multivariate processes. Estimation and test procedures are developed to allow the practitioner to obtain the appropriate specification for the data at hand. They are developed in a semi-parametric framework and aim at various frequencies at testing for the existence of polynomial cointegration relationships. At last, in presence of seasonal cointegration, an estimation framework, extension to "Fully Modified" estimators approach, is introduced that allows for classical inference when testing for coefficient constraints and for testing for the presence of seasonal cointegration
Zani, Marguerite. "Grandes déviations pour des fonctionnelles issues de la statistique des processus." Paris 11, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA112009.
Full textLardjane, Salim. "Statistique non-paramétrique des processus approximables et des systèmes dynamiques chaotiques." Rennes 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000REN20038.
Full textWe first deal with nonparametric marginal density estimation for stationary approximable processes and for stationary processes with regular autocovariances. We then tackle the problem of estimating the map associated with a stationary approximable dynamical process. We apply our results to various classes of stochastic processes and we use them in dealing with iterated map estimation and invariant and observable density estimation for chaotic dynamical systems. Finally, we deal with Lyapunov exponent estimation for a general class of one-dimensional dynamical systems
Lesquoy-de, Turckheim Élisabeth. "Statistique et biologie : quelques exemples de modélisation." Paris 11, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA112382.
Full textThis thesis is a collection of five papers. Three of them are collective papers including biologists and show an example of the uses of statistics in biology. One is a methodological hint about regression models and the last presents the probabilistic bases for modelling survival analysis with point processes