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Academic literature on the topic 'Statistique non paramétrique – Études de cas'
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Journal articles on the topic "Statistique non paramétrique – Études de cas"
Lubes-Niel, H., J. M. Masson, J. E. Paturel, and E. Servat. "Variabilité climatique et statistiques. Etude par simulation de la puissance et de la robustesse de quelques tests utilisés pour vérifier l'homogénéité de chroniques." Revue des sciences de l'eau 11, no. 3 (2005): 383–408. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/705313ar.
Full textBouzouita, Anis, Valérie Vierstraete, and Mokhtar Kouki. "L’évaluation de l’efficience des institutions d’enseignement supérieur en Tunisie : le cas des Instituts Supérieurs des Études Technologiques (ISET)." Articles 88, no. 3 (2014): 347–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1021503ar.
Full textColot, Olivier. "Préparation des PME familiales belges à la transmission et impact sur la performance." Revue internationale P.M.E. 22, no. 2 (2010): 95–132. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/044032ar.
Full textBeggiato, A. "Explorer l’hétérogénéité des phénotypes neuroanatomiques des apparentés d’enfants autistes." European Psychiatry 28, S2 (2013): 61–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2013.09.162.
Full textLaughrea, Kathleen, Claude Bélanger, and John Wright. "Existe-t-il un consensus social pour définir et comprendre la problématique de la violence conjugale?" Santé mentale au Québec 21, no. 2 (2007): 93–116. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/032400ar.
Full textMorency, Jean-Dominique, and Benoît Laplante. "L’action publique et la première naissance au Canada." Articles 39, no. 2 (2011): 201–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1003586ar.
Full textPacholek, X., D. Gamatie, S. G. Vias Franck, and Robert Tibayrenc. "Prévalence de la trypanosomose à Trypanosoma evansi chez les chamelons de l'ouest nigérien." Revue d’élevage et de médecine vétérinaire des pays tropicaux 53, no. 2 (2000): 177. http://dx.doi.org/10.19182/remvt.9748.
Full textFlavia Irene, Santamaria,. "“Un estudio multimodal y dinámico de los conocimientos numéricos de estudiantes de primer grado”." RIDAA Tesis Unicen, September 27, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.52278/2850.
Full textPensieroso, Luca, and Michel De Vroey. "Focus 25 - juin 2020." Regards économiques, July 16, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.14428/regardseco2020.06.04.01.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Statistique non paramétrique – Études de cas"
Lefieux, Vincent. "Modèles semi-paramétriques appliqués à la prévision des séries temporelles : cas de la consommation d’électricité." Phd thesis, Rennes 2, 2007. https://theses.hal.science/tel-00179866/fr/.
Full textRéseau de Transport d’Electricité (RTE), in charge of operating the French electric transportation grid, needs an accurate forecast of the power consumption in order to operate it correctly. The forecasts used everyday result from a model combining a nonlinear parametric regression and a SARIMA model. In order to obtain an adaptive forecasting model, nonparametric forecasting methods have already been tested without real success. In particular, it is known that a nonparametric predictor behaves badly with a great number of explanatory variables, what is commonly called the curse of dimensionality. Recently, semiparametric methods which improve the pure nonparametric approach have been proposed to estimate a regression function. Based on the concept of ”dimension reduction”, one those methods (called MAVE : Moving Average -conditional- Variance Estimate) can apply to time series. We study empirically its effectiveness to predict the future values of an autoregressive time series. We then adapt this method, from a practical point of view, to forecast power consumption. We propose a partially linear semiparametric model, based on the MAVE method, which allows to take into account simultaneously the autoregressive aspect of the problem and the exogenous variables. The proposed estimation procedure is practicaly efficient
Lusinchi, Dominic. "La statistique appliquée : usage et signification dans les sciences sociales : essai de recherche méthodologique basé sur des études de cas aux États-Unis." Paris 8, 2008. http://octaviana.fr/document/137824084#?c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=0.
Full textThis study examines the statistical tools available to social science practitioners. The last 30 years have witnessed a considerable development in statistical techniques, both numerical and graphical. This is in large part a result of the application of statistical methods to an ever increasing number of fields, and also of the emergence, barely 20 years ago, of the personal computer. Using real data from surveys and other studies conducted in the U. S. , this research will show how important problems that arise in empirical data can be tackled by relying on well-known as well as relatively recent statistical techniques. Applied statistics is not simply an array of procedures; it is above all a way of thinking about empirical data, specifically how to discriminate between real and chance effects. This research endeavors to show that the role of applied statistics is to reveal both the meaning of the data and their limitations. The application of statistical methods to empirical data can often act as a catalyst to stimulate the sociological imagination
Rhaiem, Mehdi. "Efficience de la recherche dans les écoles de gestion au Canada : modélisation par des approches paramétriques et non-paramétriques." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/36193.
Full textThe production of knowledge is of great importance to governments, universities and researchers. For the latter, today more than ever, research is becoming more and more important in their portfolios of activities. A number of factors are driving this new trend, including the introduction of productivity-driven research funding systems in a number of countries, global competition for research, the proliferation of standardized tools for assessing scientific excellence, and the importance of research performance and productivity in researchers’ career path success. However, the performance of university researchers varies greatly between disciplines and within the same discipline. These findings reinforce the relevance of questioning the allocation and management of resources in the field of university research. This study addresses this issue in the specific context of research in Canadian Business Schools. Its aims, on the one hand, to draw a detailed portrait of the advancement of knowledge on the concept of the efficiency of academic research and to identify the main milestones that have marked its evolution over the last two decades and, on the other hand, to evaluate the efficiency of academic research of Canadian Business Schools’ scholars and to identify the determinants that may explain the differences in efficiency between them. The thesis allowed the production of three articles. The first one used the systematic review of the literature and the method of vote counting to build an integrative conceptual framework of inputs, outputs, and determinants of the efficiency of academic research. It has also identified several research opportunities to contribute to the advancement of knowledge in this field of study. The second article used a new method, The Reference Publication Year Spectroscopy, to study in depth the concept of the efficiency of academic research by identifying its historical roots as well as the contributions that marked its evolution. These first two articles made it possible to satisfy the first part of the general objective of this research: “to draw a detailed portrait of the advancement of knowledge on the concept of the efficiency of academic research and to identify the main milestones that have marked its evolution over the last two decades”. Taking advantage of the findings and potential contributions to the advancement of knowledge identified in the first two articles, the third article estimated parametric and non-parametric frontiers of efficiency of scholars’ publications and citations in eight research disciplines in Canadian Business schools. It also allowed to identify several levers of efficiency gaps among researchers affiliated with these schools. Among other things, the results of this third article showed that efficiency scores differ significantly from one disciplinary field to another, and even within disciplinary fields, and that AACSB accreditation, affiliation to prestigious universities, size of institution, sources of funding and seniority are positively associated with high levels of efficiency. The findings of the three articles devised some lines of action that might improve the efficiency of academic research for researchers in general and those affiliated with Canadian Business schools, in particular.
Antic, Julie. "Méthodes non-paramétriques en pharmacocinétique et/ou pharmacodynamie de population." Toulouse 3, 2009. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/935/.
Full textThis thesis studies non-parametric (NP) methods for the estimation of random-effects' distribution in non-linear mixed effect models. The objective is to evaluate the interest of these methods for population Pharmacokinetics (PK) and/or Pharmacodynamics (PD) analyses within Pharmaceutical industry. In a first step, the thesis reviews the statistical properties of four important NP methods. Besides, their practical performances are evaluated using some simulation studies, inspired from population PK analyses. The interest of NP methods is established in theory and in practice. NP methods are then for the population PK/PD analysis of an anti-diabetic drug. The aim is to evaluate the methods abilities to detect a sub-population of nonresponder patients. Some simulation studies show that two NP methods seem more capable of detecting this sub-population. The last part of the thesis is dedicated to the research of stochastic algorithms that improve the computation of NP methods. A perturbed stochastic gradient algorithm is proposed
Essid, Hédi. "L'induction statistique dans le modèle DEA avec inputs quasi-fixes : développements théoriques et une application au secteur de l'éducation tunisien." Lille 1, 2007. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2007/50374-2007-Essid.pdf.
Full textCissé, Ismaëlh Ahmed. "Trafic aérien de passagers au Canada : une analyse exploratoire du modèle origine-destination de Transports Canada pour le marché intérieur." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25411.
Full textOuld, Moulaye Hachem Bouye Ahmed. "Frontier estimation of efficiency and productivity : some new perspectives for firms and industry." Thesis, Lille 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LIL12002/document.
Full textThis thesis contributes to the efficiency and production frontier literature by adopting a managerial focus to provide some new solutions to managers. There is in fact one recurrent theme in this PhD : we illustrate the importance of convexity in a wide variety of production frontier modeling settings. Three topics represent the core of this dissertation : (1) Optimal capacity utilization and reallocation in a German bank branch network; (2) A comparison of Malmquist and Hicks-Moorsteen productivity indices focusing on infeasibilities; (3) Scale economies and returns to scale in non-parametric models. The first chapter shows how the short run Johansen model can be used to develop scenarios to manage the reallocation of inputs and outputs over a bank branch network so as to improve its performance. Then, we illustrate how convexity affects these results. The second chapter describes how infeasibilities of the Malmquist productivity index are conditioned by assumptions on technology, in particular (i) short-run versus long-run analysis, (ii) convex versus non-convex, and (iii) constant versus flexible returns to scale assumptions. Finally, the third chapter explores the difference between the technical efficiency and the scale efficiency as well as the eventual differences between the characterization of economies of scale and returns to scale based on convex and non-convex technology and cost function estimations
Tu, Nguyen Trung. "Estimation par ondelettes pour des données longitudinales." Paris 7, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA077001.
Full textThis thesis mainly deals with problems of analysis of longitudinal data. In the context of nonparametric estimation, a technique particularly interesting consists of wavelet estimation methods. This thesis proposes wavelet estimation procedures for longitudinal data and studies their asymptotical properties. Generally, in longitudinal data analysis, we regularly collect data, measured from a group of individuals in random times. Recent studies show that the autocorrelations of the observations (of the same subject) should be taken into account to draw valid scientific inferences. It is essential to consider these autocorrelation, but they pose difficult technical problems to manage when we analyze the asymptotic behaviors of the estimation procedures. In such circumstances, would it be possible to adopt the standard non-parametric estimation tools? What assumptions are needed to properly analyze these data? How do the correlations behave in the asymptotical properties? Is there any adaptive estimation procedure that does not require any priori information? The results established in this thesis help answering these questions. Two longitudinal models: the general model and the longitudinal linear model are considered in our work. The main results are studied for the general model in which a completed estimation scheme, containing separated steps, is proposed. These different steps will be explained successively in chapters 3, 4 and 5. Chapter 6 will present the results for the longitudinal linear model. Each chapter corresponds to one or more answers to the previous questions. In chapter 3, a linear procedure is studied to estimate two essential fonctions (mean and covariance) of thé PCA approach. In this case, the impact of the autocorrelations is presented as a new component of the quadratic risk. Wavelet estimation methods are particularly well suited to solve the technical difficulties generated by the autocorrelation. Moreover, under Gaussian assumptions, our estimation procedures are clearly proved to be optimal in the minimax sense. Chapters 4 and 5 propose adaptive estimation procedures by using wavelet shrinkage methods. In this step, we study two separated cases of the model: when the unknown random process is bounded or Gaussian. Furthermore, the case Brownian is discussed in Section 4. 3. 3. A numerical comparison with the locally linear method will be made in Section 4. 4. Chapter 5 will complete our scheme by estimating the covariance function, consecutively for these two previous cases. Each of these chapters could be read independently of each other. The main results are summarized in Chapter 2. A brief introduction of longitudinal data, conventional methods and the main approach is presented in Chapter 1
Ben, Abdeddaiem Maroua. "Tests d'ajustement pour des processus stochastiques dans le cas de l'hypothèse nulle paramétrique." Thesis, Le Mans, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LEMA1016/document.
Full textThis work is devoted to the problem of the construction of several goodness of-fit (GoF) tests in the case of somestochastic processes observed in continuous time. As models of observations, we take "small noise" and ergodic diffusionprocesses and an inhomogeneous Poisson process. Under the null hypothesis, we treat the case where each model depends on an unknown one-dimensional parameter and we consider the minimum distance estimator for this parameter. Our goal is to propose "asymptotically distribution free" (ADF) GoF tests of asymptotic size α ϵ (0,1) in the case of the parametric null hypotheses for the considered models. Indeed, we show that the limit of each studied statistic does not depend on the model and the unknown parameter. Therefore, the tests based on these statistics are ADF.The main purpose of this work is to construct a special linear transformation. In particular, we solve Fredholm equation ofthe second kind with degenerated kernel. Its solution gives us the desired linear transformation. Next, we show that theapplication of this transformation to the basic statistics allows us to introduce statistics with the same limit (the integral of the square of the Wiener process). The latter is "distribution free" because it does not depend on the models and the unknown parameter. Therefore, we construct the ADF GoF tests which are based on this linear transformation for the diffusion ("small noise" and ergodic) and inhomogeneous Poisson processes
Duroux, Roxane. "Inférence pour les modèles statistiques mal spécifiés, application à une étude sur les facteurs pronostiques dans le cancer du sein." Thesis, Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066224/document.
Full textThe thesis focuses on inference of statistical misspecified models. Every result finds its application in a prognostic factors study for breast cancer, thanks to the data collection of Institut Curie. We consider first non-proportional hazards models, and make use of the marginal survival of the failure time. This model allows a time-varying regression coefficient, and therefore generalizes the proportional hazards model. On a second time, we study step regression models. We propose an inference method for the changepoint of a two-step regression model, and an estimation method for a multiple-step regression model. Then, we study the influence of the subsampling rate on the performance of median forests and try to extend the results to random survival forests through an application. Finally, we present a new dose-finding method for phase I clinical trials, in case of partial ordering