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Dupont, Bernard. "L’ Etat et les casinos : imperturbable maintien du statu quo." Perpignan, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PERP0841.
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Mortelaro, Priscila Kiselar. "Versões de aborto voluntário em projetos de lei: (im)possibilidades de superação do statu quo." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2017. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/20724.
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The central aim of this research is to identify the versions of voluntary abortion present in the legislative process through the analysis of two specific bills, which propose either decriminalization or criminalization of such procedure even in the cases already provided by law: bills number 882/2015 and 478/2007, respectively. To understand the conditions that enable the criminalization of the ending of pregnancy, we will make use of Foucault’s theory concerning biopolitics and the apparatus (“dispositif”) of sexuality, since it allows us to conceive the rise of the process which politicizes maternity from the perspective of the life-imperative. To reach the aforementioned aim, we employ the theoretical-methodological approach from the discursive psychology, developed by the Centre for Studies and Research of Discursive Practices in Quotidian: rights, risks and health” (Núcleo de Estudos e Pesquisas sobre Práticas Discursivas no Cotidiano: direitos, riscos e saúde - NUPRAD), also related to a constructionist attitude. In the first place, we carried out a systematization of legislative bills with regard to abortion proposed between 2007 and 2017. Next, an analysis of the justification of the two selected bills was made, searching for the voluntary abortion versions contained in them. Three versions were then identified: abortion as murder, abortion as a public health problem and abortion as a women’s right, which, in turn, involves the right to reproductive self-determination and the right to life. These versions establish between themselves oppositions, but also combine and complement each other, depending on their use
Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo central identificar as versões de aborto voluntário presentes no processo legislativo por meio da análise de dois projetos de lei específicos que têm por foco a descriminalização ou a criminalização da prática nos casos já previstos por lei: o PL 882/2015 e o PL 478/2007, respectivamente. Para entendermos as condições que possibilitam a criminalização da interrupção da gestação, utilizaremos as teorizações de Michel Foucault acerca da biopolítica e do dispositivo da sexualidade, uma vez que nos permitem compreender a emergência do processo de politização da maternidade a partir do imperativo da vida. Para atingir o objetivo de pesquisa, empregamos a abordagem teórico-metodológica da psicologia discursiva desenvolvida no Núcleo de Estudos sobre Práticas Discursivas no Cotidiano: direitos, riscos e saúde (NUPRAD), que se inscreve no âmbito de uma postura construcionista. Em um primeiro momento, realizamos uma sistematização dos projetos de lei concernentes ao aborto apresentados no período de 2007 a 2017. Em seguida, foi feita uma análise da justificativa dos dois projetos de lei selecionados, buscando as versões de aborto voluntário neles presentes. Três versões foram identificadas: o aborto como assassinato, o aborto como problema de saúde pública e o aborto como direito feminino que, por sua vez, contempla o direito à autodeterminação reprodutiva e o direito à vida. Versões que estabelecem entre si relações de oposição, mas também se associam e completam, dependendo de seu uso
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Comer, Clémentine. "En quête d'égalité(s). La cause des agricultrices en Bretagne entre statu quo conjugal et ajustement catégoriel." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017REN1G038.
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Cette recherche interroge les conditions de structuration et de perduration d’un engagement séparé pour les femmes dans les organisations et au sein de mobilisations agricoles bretonnes. Majoritairement composés d’exploitantes installées en couple et situés à la frontière entre associations de défense de l’égalité, cercles de sociabilités professionnelles et groupes de parole, les espaces d’encadrement agricole féminins offrent une occasion idoine de questionner non seulement l’imbrication des identités professionnelles et conjugales dans l’engagement mais également la labilité des usages rhétoriques de l'égalité et du féminisme dans des espaces professionnels non-mixtes. L’analyse de leur position dans l’espace de la représentation agricole questionne le degré d’autonomie des revendications portées au nom des agricultrices, leur influence sur les agendas organisationnels et leur effet sur la construction des carrières militantes. L’enquête s’appuie sur un dispositif cumulant une observation de quatre années des activités formelles et informelles des groupes féminins, une étude de leur documentation professionnelle, un recensement de leurs tribunes dans la presse agricole, auxquels s’ajoutent la réalisation d’entretiens avec les actrices qui y sont engagées et la constitution de données statistiques relatives aux mandats féminins dans les organisations agricoles bretonnes depuis 1990. Sur la base d’une analyse croisant les études de genre, la sociologie du militantisme et celle de la représentation professionnelle agricole, notre thèse consiste à démontrer que les groupes et mobilisations d’agricultrices forgent les contours d’une « cause de femmes » agricole mise sous tutelle des intérêts catégoriels et chevillée à l’idéal normatif de la complémentarité des sexes. En tant que réceptacles de positions professionnelles, organisationnelles et conjugales entrecroisées, les espaces de l’engagement féminin produisent des politisations ambivalentes de ces appartenances multiples, à la fois porteuses de contestation comme de reproduction des hiérarchies sexuées et de l’ordre social et politiqueThis research looks into the conditions for the structuring and continuation of a separate female activism within Breton organisations and farmers mobilisations. Mainly made up of professionals living in couples and situated at the intersection between gender equality advocacy groups, professional networks and support groups, farming self-help groups are a case in point to question not only the intertwining of professional and marital identities within activism but also the lability of rhetorical uses of equality and feminism within women-only professional spaces. The analysis of their position within the farmers’ representation spaces makes it compelling to question the degree of autonomy of the claims made in the name of women farmers, their influence upon the setting of professional agendas and their impact on the development of activist careers.Evidence was collected through an apparatus which consisted in the addition of a four-year-long observation of female groups’ formal and informal activities, an analysis of their professional literature, an inventory of their opinion columns inside the farm press, to which can be added semi-structured interviews with women farmers engaged in this activism and the setting up of statistical data about female mandates within Breton farm organisations since the 1990s. Drawing on an analysis which mixes gender studies, sociology of militancy and studies of farming professional representation, this PhD aims to demonstrate that women farmers groups and mobilisations shape the features of a farming “women cause” although it is subordinated to corporatist interests and seen through the lenses of the normative ideal of complementarity between the sexes. Being a repository of interlinked professional, organisational and matrimonial standpoints, female activism spaces lead to the ambivalent politicisation of plural belongings. These multiple affiliations can be a catalyst for protest as well as a way to reproduce sexual hierarchies and social and political order
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Gaubert, Cécile. "Rôles des jugements de compétence et d'assertivité dans la justification de la hièrarchie sociale." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019STRAG033.
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Cette thèse interroge notre façon de percevoir et de justifier les différences de statut dans la société. La littérature montre que le jugement social repose sur deux dimensions fondamentales, une dimension horizontale, qui fait référence aux qualités permettant d’entretenir de bonnes relations sociales, et une dimension verticale, qui fait référence aux qualités permettant d’atteindre ses objectifs. Cette dimension verticale, liée au statut, est composée de deux facettes : l’assertivité, i.e. la motivation à réussir et à se développer et la compétence, i.e. les ressources pour réaliser ses objectifs. Notre objectif était de mettre en évidence que seule la compétence permet de justifier la hiérarchie sociale. Nous avons réalisé huit études, qui ont confirmé notre hypothèse. Ainsi, plus les personnes justifient les inégalités, plus elles attribuent de compétence aux personnes ayant un statut élevé dans la société (i.e. riches, les personnes de pouvoir). Par ailleurs la relation entre l’assertivité et le statut n’a pas été modérée par la justification du système, suggérant que l’assertivité ne permet pas de justifier des différences de statutThis thesis questions the perception and justification of status differences in society. The literature shows that social judgment is based on two fundamental dimensions : a horizontal dimension, which refers to qualities that enable good social relations to be maintained, and a vertical dimension, which refers to qualities that enable objectives to be achieved. This vertical dimension, linked to status, is composed of two facets: assertiveness, i.e. the motivation to succeed and develop, and competence, i.e. the resources to achieve one's objectives. Our objective was to highlight that only competence can justify social hierarchy. We conducted eight studies, which confirmed our hypothesis. Thus, the more people justify inequalities, the more they attribute competence to people with a high status in society (i.e. rich, powerful people). Moreover, the relationship between assertiveness and status has not been moderated by the justification of the system, suggesting that assertiveness does not justify status differences
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Stolojan-Filipesco, Vladimir. "Le statu-quo de la mémoire nationale à Taïwan : les dynamiques antagonistes de mises en récits publiques de l'expérience autoritaire." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCC144.
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Le statu-quo de la mémoire nationale à Taiwan : les dynamiques antagonistes de mise en récits de l’expérience autoritaireresume :Cette thèse a comme origine l’apparente contradiction des politiques de la mémoire dédiées au régime de parti unique mis en place par le Parti nationaliste chinois (KMT) en 1945. Colonie japonaise depuis 1895, Taiwan passe alors sous le contrôle de la République de Chine au lendemain de la Seconde guerre mondiale. L’île sert de refuge aux nationalistes chinois en 1949, lorsqu’est actée la victoire des troupes maoïstes suite à la reprise de la guerre civile chinoise après 1945. En exil, le KMT, refusant de reconnaître sa défaite, gouverne Taiwan à travers un régime pensé pour représenter symboliquement toute la Chine. Les politiques identitaires et mémorielles d’alors valorisent uniquement les expériences historiques d’une communauté minoritaire au sein de la population taiwanaise, celle des insulaires venus de Chine à Taiwan avec le KMT entre 1945 et 1950. Cette fiction politique prend fin avec la démocratisation. Débutant en 1987, celle-ci voit l’affirmation d’un nouveau paradigme identitaire articulé autour des spécificités de Taiwan et son multiculturalisme, la Chine n’étant plus le référent central. Les victimes de la répression policière de l’ère autoritaire sont peu à peu reconnues. S’il perd rapidement sa prééminence, l’ancien récit officiel ne disparaît pas pour autant, une fraction de la population insulaire continuant de se reconnaître en une partie des représentations qui y sont inscrites. De même, le KMT, qui reste un des acteurs dominants la scène politique taiwanaise après la démocratisation, se refuse à tout véritable retour critique sur sa propre histoire pour éviter de mettre en danger sa propre légitimité. Plutôt que marquer une rupture nette avec l’ère autoritaire, les politiques de la mémoire post-1987 aboutissent à l’institutionnalisation de dispositifs reconnaissant les victimes de la dictature et d’autres à la gloire des anciens dirigeants, que ce soit Chiang Kai-shek ou son fils Chiang Ching-kuo. En adoptant une démarche relevant de la sociologie de la mémoire, notre recherche a pour but d’analyser les dynamiques soutenant la mise en place de nouveaux récits publics sur la période autoritaire après la démocratisation. L’objet de notre travail est d’expliquer les principales luttes mémorielles actuelles engageant la place qu’occuperait dans l’histoire taiwanaise le régime autoritaire du KMT, ce tout en interrogeant la notion de mémoire nationaleThe key focus of this thesis is the exploration of the contradictory nature of the politics of memory dedicated to the Party-State system implemented by the Chinese Nationalist party (KMT) in 1945.In the aftermath of World War II, Taiwan – a Japanese colony since 1895 – sees its sovereignty transferred to the Republic of China.The country becomes the home to Chinese nationalist refugees and the last stronghold of the Kuomintang (KMT), after the party’s defeat against the communist forces during the Chinese civil war of 1949. Refusing to recognize its demise, the KMT rules Taiwan through a regime conceived to, symbolically, represent China in its entirety. During this period, the politics of memory and identity take into account the experiences of a minority within the Taiwanese community only – those of the Chinese population that came to Taiwan with the KMT between 1945 and 1950. This ends with the democratization of Taiwan in 1987. From this point onwards, China is no longer the central point of reference; a new identity paradigm arises, articulated around the specificities of Taiwan, and its multiculturalism.While the old official discourse quickly loses its prominence in modern day Taiwan, it doesn’t disappear completely, with a portion of the population still identifying itself with the old KMT narrative. Likewise, the KMT remains one of the key players on the Taiwanese political scene; the party never took an overly critical stance on its own history as it undermines its own legitimacy. Instead of breaking from the authoritarian era, the post 1987 politics of memories result in the contradicting recognition of both the victims of the dictatorship and the glory of the oldr ulers, Chiang Kai-shek and his son ChiangChing-kuo. Through following a sociology of memory approach, this research aims at analysing the dynamics behind the development of the new post-democratisation public narratives. This study investigates the current opposing takes on national memory, looking at the place the KMT’s authoritarian regime occupies in the Taiwanese history, while also redefining the concept of national memory
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Rubio, Mifsud Aurora Inmaculada. "La Pintura Mural Gòtica Lineal a Territori Valencià. Statu Quo del corpus conegut. Estudi i Anàlisi per a la Seua Conservació." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de València, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/59466.
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[EN] This paper presents the study of the corpus of mural paintings of the initial gothic period, existing in the contemporary territory of the Valencian Community, from a technical viewpoint, both stylistically as material.
Most of these group of mural paintings have been hidden and therefore ignored for ages, behind walls or under layers of plaster and over paintings. This findings, most of the times by chance, happened during the refurbishment of buildings that generally had a ruinous state. This fact determines that, by the conservation conditions, the pathologies that these mural paintings present may be different to other works with similar technical features.
The picture groups are individually analyzed, identifying their historical and geographical circumstances, background and references to other arts, and the study of the conservation status, mode of the crafting and the materials components analysis.
Each of the groups are identified and catalogued, with all their characteristic features, to elaborate a comparative study of them, in order to find common lines that define the existing corpus.
An historical and technical itinerary through the valencian mural gothic painting is developed, as well as a study of the original execution, composition of the materials on the mural holder and the pictorial layer, with which determine different trends and influences, depending on the geographical areas where they are located.[ES] Este trabajo presenta el estudio del corpus de pinturas murales del periodo gótico inicial, existentes en el actual territorio de la Comunidad Valenciana, desde una óptica técnica, tanto a nivel estilístico como matérico. La mayor parte de estos conjuntos pictóricos han estado ocultos y por tanto ignorados durante largo tiempo, tras muros o bajo capas de enlucidos y pinturas superpuestas. Sus descubrimientos, la mayor parte de las veces fortuitos, se produjeron durante obras de remodelación en edificios que presentaban generalmente un estado ruinoso. Este hecho determina que, por las condiciones de conservación, las patologías que presentan sean diferentes a otras obras con características técnicas similares. Se analizan individualmente los conjuntos pictóricos, identificando circunstancias históricas y geográficas, antecedentes y referencias en otras artes, además del estudio del estado de conservación, el modo de factura y la analítica de componentes. Se identifican y catalogan cada uno de los conjuntos con todos sus trazos característicos, para pasar posteriormente a realizar un estudio comparativo entre ellos, con el fin de encontrar trazos comunes que definen el corpus existente. Se hace un recorrido histórico y técnico por la pintura mural gótica, un estudio de las técnicas de ejecución originales, la composición de los materiales en los soportes murales y la capa pictórica, con las cuales determinar diversas tendencias e influencias, dependiendo de las zonas geográficas donde se encuentran.
[CAT] Aquest treball presenta l'estudi del corpus de pintures murals del període inicial del gòtic, existents a l'actual territori de la Comunitat Valenciana, des d'un punt de vista tècnic, a nivell estilístic i matèric. La major part d'aquests conjunts pictòrics han estat ocults i per tant ignorats durant molts anys, rere murs o baix capes de lluïts i pintures superposades. Els seus descobriments, la majoria de les vegades fortuïts, succeïren durant obres de remodelació en edificis que presentaven generalment un estat ruïnós. Aquest fet determina que, per les condicions de conservació, les patologies que presenten siguen diferents a altres obres amb característiques tècniques semblants. S'analitzen individualment els conjunts pictòrics, identificant circumstàncies històriques i geogràfiques, antecedents i referències en altres arts; a més s'estudia l'estat de conservació, el mode de factura i l'analítica dels materials compositius. S'identifiquen i cataloguen cadascun dels conjunts amb tots els seus trets característics, per a passar posteriorment a realitzar un estudi comparatiu entre ells, per tal de trobar trets comuns que defineixen el corpus existent. Es fa un recorregut històric i tècnic per la pintura mural gòtica, un estudi de les tècniques d'execució originals, la composició dels materials en els suports murers i la capa pictòrica, amb les quals determinar les diverses tendències i influències, depenent-hi de les zones geogràfiques on es troben.
Rubio Mifsud, AI. (2015). La Pintura Mural Gòtica Lineal a Territori Valencià. Statu Quo del corpus conegut. Estudi i Anàlisi per a la Seua Conservació [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/59466
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Mitrache, Marius-Mircea. "L'enjeu de l'Europe Centrale-Orientale pour la diplomatie française sous François Mitterand, dans le contexte de la question allemande." Thesis, Paris Est, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PEST0096.
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François Mitterrand aimait l'Histoire, et décidemment l'Histoire avait aimé Mitterrand, car peut-être ce n'est pas par hasard que c'était lui le gouverneur du destin de la France au moment d'un si grand tournant dans l'histoire européenne. Si l'historien allemand Tilo Schabert le nommait « le président-philosophe », alors quelle a été sa réponse devant le Sphynx de l'Histoire, en 1989 ? Pour ou contre la réunification de l'Allemagne ? A vrai dire, le statu quo de la Guerre froide et l'existence des deux Allemagne au cœur de l'Europe, convenaient à merveille à la France. L'écrivain François Mauriac disait : « J'aime l'Allemagne tellement, que je désire en avoir deux ». Une Allemagne divisée a permis à la France de prendre le leadership ouest-européen. Avec une participation active dans la construction européenne, une relation privilégie avec Moscou, sa popularité parmi les capitales est-européennes, et son indépendance dans le cadre de l'Otan, la France semblait avoir tous les atouts pour être la première puissance de l'Europe Occidentale. Pour comprendre la diplomatie de Mitterrand, celle-ci doit être vue dans la perspective d'un monde en changement, d'un statu quo en cours de modification : son tour dans les capitales de l'Est, le projet pour le traité de Maastricht (avec son enjeu historique – l'adoption d'une monnaie unique), la ratification des traités consentant à la réunification de l'Allemagne, le soutien envers Gorbatchev et finalement son projet pour une grande confédération pan-européenne sur le moule de la Conférence sur la Sécurité et Coopération en Europe, évoquant l'ambition de Charles de Gaulle de construire l'Europe de l'Atlantique à l'Oural. Dans ce labyrinthe d'événements il y a un fil d'Ariane, un raisonnement clair et un peu trop visionnaire de la part de Mitterrand. C'est la qualité (et en même temps le défaut) de résoudre le présent en pensant l'avenir. Ceux qui comprennent tout avant les autres seront toujours incompris par la majorité. Mitterrand savait que l'Allemagne était un pays à risques, surtout pour l'hégémonie française et ensuite pour la construction européenne, le grand projet de construction européenne entamé depuis 1945. C'est le but de notre recherche de montrer la source et la forme des manifestations de la politique étrangère de Mitterrand envers l'Europe Centrale-Orientale. La diplomatie de François Mitterrand envers l'Europe Centrale-Orientale, qui redeviendra une carte mentale géographique suite à la question de la réunification allemande, se trouve au carrefour, à la croisée de l'approche gaulliste, réaliste, et de celle poursuivie par Pompidou et Giscard d'Estaing, l'approche constructiviste. Seulement à travers la grille d'une analyse réaliste-constructiviste on peut comprendre les ressorts et les jalons de sa politique étrangère concernant la réunification allemande, la construction européenne (le congrès de Strasbourg de 1989) et finalement l'Europe Centrale-Orientale sortie du communisme et l'Union soviétique (le projet de confédération pan-européenne sera présenté le 31 décembre 1989). Le fil d'Ariane que nous avons évoqué au début est une tresse faite par l'entrelacement des deux fils différents, celui du réalisme et celui du constructivisme. Par cette voie on peut comprendre de la part de Mitterrand, le désir l'accéler l'intégration de la Communauté européenne, la nécessité de trouver un encadrement pour la réunification pacifique de l'Allemagne, et puis faire son ancrage dans les valeurs occidentales, d'éviter la désintégration d'une Europe Centrale-OrientaleFrançois Mitterrand loved history, and history definitely loved Mitterrand, and because of this maybe it is not by chance that he governed the destinies of France at a great turning point in European history. If the German historian Tilo Schabert called him ”le président-philoshophe”, then one might ask what has been the response in front of the Sphynx of History in 1989. Was he for or against the reunification of Germany? Indeed, the status quo of the Cold War and the existence of two Germanys in the heart of Europe suited perfectly for France. The writer François Mauriac famously once said:”I love Germany so much that I want to have two.” A divided Germany has enabled France to consolidate the leadership of West European. With active participation in European integration, a special relationship with Moscow, with its popularity among the Eastern European capitals, and its independence in NATO, France seemed to have everything it takes to be the first power of the Western Europe. To understand it, the diplomacy of Mitterrand must be seen in the context of a changing world, where the status quo was challenged. Starting from this premises we can understand his diplomatic tour in the capitals of the East, the project for the Maastricht Treaty ( with its historic stake - the adoption of a single currency), the ratification of 2+4 treaty consenting to the reunification of Germany, his support for Gorbachev and finally his project for a major pan- European confederation on the mold of the Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe , echoing the ambition of Charles de Gaulle to build a Europe from the Atlantic to the Urals. In this maze of events the common thread was Mitterrand's a clear insight of the consequences the will follow the reunification. Those who understand everything before others will always be misunderstood by the majority. Mitterrand knew that Germany was a country at risk, especially for the French hegemony and then to European construction, the great European project started since 1945. It is the goal of our research to show the source and the form of Mitterrand's foreign policy toward East Central Europe in the context of the German question, towards a region that once again will become for France a geographic mental map. Mitterrand's diplomatic approach finds itself at a crossroads between a Gaullist approach, a realist one, and the one pursued by Pompidou and Giscard d'Estaing, a constructivist approach. Only through the grid of a realistic - constructivist analysis one can decipher the milestones of its foreign policy regarding the German reunification (2 +4 Treaty in September 1990), the European integration (the stake European Council in Strasbourg in1989) and finally East-Central Europe's post-communist architecture (through project of the pan European confederation he unveiled on 31 December 1989). Only in this way we can understand Mitterrand's desire to accelerate the integration of the European community, the need to find a framework for the peaceful reunification of Germany by anchoring it its Western commitments, and at the same time avoiding the disintegration of East-Central Europe
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Gunes, Serife Basak. "Essays on experimental economics: preference Reserval and networks." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/7402.
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Esta tesis utiliza un enfoque experimental para comprender las interacciones dentro de redes y percibir las decisiones causando inversión de preferencia (IP). El Capítulo 1 experimentalmente introduce comunicaciones no vinculantes a un modelo de producción de un bien costoso, que es no excluible entre personas vinculadas en una red. Los resultados muestran que la comunicación de dirección única no mejora coordinación tanto como la comunicación entre conjuntos máximos independientes. El Capítulo 2 analiza experimentalmente un modelo de conflictos bilaterales integrado en redes, donde los oponentes invierten para ganar recursos. Concluye sobre exceso de inversiones comparado a las predicciones de equilibrio. Por último, el Capítulo 3 mira si el efecto dotación inicial resultado de statu quo conduce IP. Esto es analizado por la interrogación de la buena voluntad de cambiar una lotería dotada para otra o pago seguro. En contrario de las predicciones, resultados demuestra que dotaciones son renunciadas con frecuencia.This thesis uses an experimental approach in understanding group decisions and interactions in networks and perceiving individual decisions causing preference reversal. Chapter 1 experimentally introduces different communication schemes to a production model of a costly good that is non-excludable among individuals linked within a network. Results show that one-way communication is not as efficient as in earlier literature; yet communication among maximal independent sets enhances coordination. Chapter 2 experimentally analyzes a model of multiple bilateral conflicts embedded in networks where opponents invest in conflict technology to win resources. It concludes on tendency to invest in excess of equilibrium predictions. Finally, Chapter 3 looks at whether preference reversal is driven by an endowment effect explanation originating from status quo bias. This is analyzed through questioning individuals' willingness to exchange their endowed lottery for another lottery or sure money. Contrary to the predictions, results show that individuals most often disclaim their endowments.
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Cook, Justin. "Faire la paix par la reconnaissance : l’étude de cas de la transformation des relations moldo-pridnestroviennes de 1989 à 1998." Thesis, Lille 2, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LIL20013/document.
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Le conflit civil moldave entre 1989 et 1992 a laissé un pays et une population divisés entre le fleuve Dniestr/Nistru. Malgré la victoire de la Pridnestrovie (RMP) dans sa guerre d’indépendance, elle n’a pas atteint son objectif de devenir un Etat reconnu. L’Accord de cessez-le-feu de 1992 qui a mis officiellement fin à la guerre a renforcé la séparation de la RMP par la création d’une zone tampon et l’établissement des forces de maintien de la paix. Comme convenu dans cet accord, la fin du nouveau statu quo et donc la résolution finale du conflit devraient passer obligatoirement par la détermination d’un nouveau statut politique pour la RMP. Faute d’avoir réussi à déterminer un statut officiel, le conflit est resté gelé. Lors de la période d’après-guerre, l’équilibre des pouvoirs a favorisé la RMP sur le plan économique, énergétique et sécuritaire, la plaçant dans une position de force vis-à-vis de la Moldavie. Cependant, puisqu’une reconnaissance étatique n’a jamais été accordée à la RMP, cette dernière a donc hérité d’un déficit symbolique que seule la Moldavie pouvait lui octroyer par la reconnaissance. Une politique active de reconnaissance envers la RMP entre 1994 et 1998 a été le facteur déterminant dans la transformation du conflit, conduisant à la signature de trois « grands accords ». Le célèbre Mémorandum de Moscou de 1997 a souligné ce processus transformatif au travers duquel les deux « opposants » se sont dès lors considérés comme « partenaires » au sein des négociations. Au cours de l’année 1998, Chisinau et Tiraspol se sont engagées sur le chemin de la paix en adoptant des mesures de confiance et de sécurité avec l’Accord d’OdessaThe Moldovan civil conflict between 1989 and 1992 left the country and the people permanently divided between the banks to the Dniestr/Nistru River. Despite Pridnestrovia’s (PMR) victory in its war of independence, it would not achieve its goal of being a recognized state. The ceasefire agreement of 1992 officially put an end to the war and solidified Prinestrovia’s separation through the creation of a security zone and the establishement of peacekeeping forces. Furthermore, the resolution of the conflict and the end of the new status quo had to be synchronized with the accordance of a new political status for the PMR. As an official status was never determined, the conflict has remained frozen. During the post-war period, the balance of power favored the PMR from an economic, energy and security perspective, providing it with major leverage over Moldova. However, given that the PMR was never attributed statehood meant that it inherited a symbolic deficit because only Moldova could provide it with recognition. Moldova’s policy of recognition towards the PMR between 1994 and 1998 would be the determing factor in the transformation of the conflict, leading to the signing of three “major accords”. The historic Moscow Memorandum of 1997 highlighted this transformative process by which the two “opponants” considered eachother as “partners” within the negociation process. By 1998, Chisinau and Tiraspol embarked upon the path of confidence building and security measures with the Odessa Accord of 1998
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Pérez, Pinillos Jeniffer, Córdova Lucía Mercado, Baella Oscar Vega, and Velando Bernardo García. "Una visión del balance de poder sudamericano: seguridad regional, tensiones e integración en el siglo XXI." Politai, 2012. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/92501.
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El presente artículo aborda los cambios y continuidades en el balance de poder de la región sudamericana de las últimas décadas con el fin de entender los riesgos potenciales que ha enfrentado la seguridad del hemisferio sur desde inicios del siglo XXI. Luego de experimentar un largo proceso de integración regional lleno de iniciativas multilaterales de relativo éxito, América del Sur entró al año dos mil con una nueva configuración en las coaliciones regionales, que se tradujo en una intensa lucha entre liderazgos, que en algunos casos se presentaban hostiles entre sí. Este escenario llamó la atención de la comunidad académica y diplomática, ya que surgieron posibilidades de conflictos bilaterales aparentemente proclives a escalar hacia la violencia. No obstante, los últimos años han sido el reflejo de una nueva realidad que parece indicar que los temores de la última década fueron producto más de una coyuntura particular y menos del inicio de un reordenamiento en la región.
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Maleki, Manuel. "Essais sur la nouvelle économie politique de la réforme." Phd thesis, Université Panthéon-Sorbonne - Paris I, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00354252.
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Ce travail met en évidence trois déterminants qui donnent une compréhension fine et approfondie des phénomènes de blocages sociaux et des échecs de nombreuses réformes. Ceci offre des outils neufs aux différents acteurs influents dans le processus de réforme en vue d'améliorer et faciliter le dialogue entre les différents acteurs de la société. Pourquoi certaines réformes sont-elles acceptées tandis que d'autres sont refusées ? Cette question qui se trouve au cœur de l'action politique est à la base de notre travail en sciences économiques. Pour déterminer les processus d'acceptation ou de rejet des réformes, nous nous sommes appuyés sur les travaux de la « nouvelle économie politique de la réforme », en distinguant trois éléments essentiels qui impactent l'acceptation des réformes. 1er élément : la crise économique. Elle a comme effet de modifier l'environnement et d'amener les agents à changer leurs comportements et donc à réformer. Toutefois, de nombreuses critiques contestent la validité de ce raisonnement : ceci tient en particulier au problème de la définition des baromètres de la crise. Nous présentons un nouveau modèle analytique qui a pour but d'expliciter le rôle de la crise économique en l'appréhendant comme un concept opérationnel.
Le deuxième élément est l'impact des institutions sur le processus de réforme. Plus particulièrement nous nous sommes intéressés à la cohérence institutionnelle qui existe tant au sein des institutions formelles que des institutions informelles. La notion de cohérence est fondamentale pour comprendre en quoi le cadre institutionnel est une aide ou un obstacle aux réformes. Cette réflexion nous amène à présenter une contribution analytique qui a pour objet de montrer l'importance de la cohérence institutionnel dans le processus d'acceptation des réformes. Enfin, le troisième élément est le rôle individuel joué par les hommes et femmes dans le processus de réforme à travers le soutien qu'ils peuvent apporter à ces politiques. Nous avons fait le point sur le soutien populaire aux réformes avant de proposer une étude économétrique qui a pour objectif de comprendre les déterminants individuels du soutien aux réformes économiques dans les Pays d'Europe Centrale et Orientale durant la phase de transition. L'importance du statut professionnel dans les choix des individus est également démontrée.
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Jonsson, Sandra. "Att förändra eller försvara status quo : Uppfattad tid och svårighetsgradens påverkan på attributionsbias." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Institutionen för kultur och kommunikation, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-14837.
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Woerle, Sebastian. "Online panels : Status quo und Entwicklungsperspektiven /." Hamburg : Diplomica, 2002. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=018853024&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.
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Taylor-Mullings, Nicholas. "Race, education and the status quo." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2018. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/10047534/.
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This thesis is an investigation into the effect government policy, enacted in secondary education between 1997 and 2017, has had on the educational attainment of Black children in London. It focuses on the policies enacted by New Labour (1997 to 2010) and the Coalition (2010 to 2015). However, it also refers to the activities of the Conservative administration of 2015 to 2017. It starts from the premise that, following a short upward surge in the attention afforded to race equality at the turn of the century, there has been a de-prioritisation of race as a public policy problem. The central argument is that, despite this less than favourable (if not hostile) public policy environment, it may be the case that the policies enacted by these administrations assisted in improving the educational attainment of Black children. However, it also contends that, whilst it may well be the case that the attainment of Black children improved and racial inequalities were reduced, the policies enacted were not intended to address the underachievement of Black children. Instead, these policies were aimed at responding to the concerns of the White middle class and addressing the institutional self-interests of successive governments and schools. As a result, this thesis concludes that the policies enacted by successive governments during this time led to improvements in the educational attainment of some Black children, but also entrenched institutional racism. This left Black children as a whole further disadvantaged.
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Koop, Gregory J. "The Simultaneous Use of Multiple Reference Points in Risky Decision Making." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1256927382.
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Kjellander, Eva. "Together we can rock´n´roll : Status Quo- en studie av ett rockbands karriär." Thesis, Växjö University, School of Education, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:vxu:diva-641.
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The main purpose of this essay is on one hand to try to find and explain the formula of success of the rock group Status Quo, and on the other to elucidate and explain the foundation and essence in the music made by Status Quo, but also to study how, if and why the foundation and essence have changed over the years. The method of investigation is partly based on a musical analysis of three albums from three different periods: Hello! (1973), Ain´t Complaining (1988) and Heavy Traffic (2002), and partly on a sociological study of the group’s career between 1962 and today, 2005.
The first part of the essay concerns the period between 1962-1973 with an analysis of the album Hello!; the second part concerns the period 1974-1988 and the album Ain´t Complaining; finally, the third part concerns the years between 1989-2002 with an intensified analysis of the album Heavy Traffic. In the forth part of the essay I discuss the career of Status Quo from a sociological point of view.
I run to the conclusion that the essence of Status Quo is the boogie-woogie comp on Fender guitar by Rick Parfitt, the riff on Francis Rossis´ Fender guitar in combination with the base, the piano and the drums. This has been the essence through all the years, even though it was more difficult to apprehend it during the 1980s. The group’s musical formula seems to be an introduction presented by a riff, a verbal verse and chorus. Then there is a guitar solo, where the song is stripped down to one or two instruments, only to be rebuilt before the last chorus and finally completed with an outroduktion. The simplicity is also a big part of the music of Status Quo and the main parts of the songs are based around three or four chords. I believe these aspects to be the basic foundations in the music made by Status Quo and have, depending on the fluctuations, remained the same during the four decades that Status Quo has been active. Due to lots of touring and heavy marketing Status Quo has become popular, and I believe that this popularity along with the musical foundation is the main formula for their success.
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Benites, Luis Eduardo Sandim. "O Populismo nas eleições de 1989: a constituição do povo nos discursos de Collor e Lula." Universidade Federal de Pelotas, 2012. http://repositorio.ufpel.edu.br/handle/ri/1546.
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Previous issue date: 2012-05-11The framing of this study on the 1989 presidential elections was focused on the ideological speech construction of the candidates, Fernando Collor de Mello and Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva during the campaigning period between the first and the second election polis. The research was conducted after the observation of the pre-election political programs exhibited during the carge-free TV prime-time political features, which material was obtained from the DOXA IUPERJ (The Institute and its Communication Laboratory), a department of the UCAM/RJ (Universidade Cândido Mendes Rio de Janeiro). Some documents on the proposais presented by candidates. Which were located in the Getúlio Vargas Foundation (CP.DOC/FGV) Research and Documentation Center archives were also investigated. Some additionar data was obtained from copies of the veja magazine issues of that period and also from the historical literature pertaining to the José Sarney presidential administration. Then we tried to cast out the status quo condition during which both ideological discourses emerged. The analysis of discourse categories elaborated within the context of Ernesto Laclau's, Chantal Mouffe's, and their follower' also served as an instrument for the appropriation of the researched political events that shone upon that period. Among the discourse analysis elements operated along this study, the antagonism and the logical differences and equivalences can be mentioned, i. e., those mechanisms that allow for the verification on how the candidates respective ideological speecheswere constructed along that timeline. A few academic papers on populism that helped us in the role of mentors to straighten our own research approach perspective can also be pinpointed. Paramount among these was the categorization of the concept, people , as its construction makes up for essential data on the articulation of the demands concept, in the sense of constitutive elements of a social environment that may influence the build-up of a political discourse whenever jointly worked upon
A construção do estudo que se desenvolveu sobre as eleições presidenciais de 1989 teve, por foco, a constituição dos discursos dos candidatos Fernando Collor de Mello e Luís Inácio Lula da Silva, no período eleitoral compreendido entre o primeiro e segundo turnos do embate eleitoral. O trabalho de pesquisa foi realizado pela observação dos programas políticos eleitorais, exibidos no horário político eleitoral gratuito, obtido junto ao DOXA do IUPERJ (Laboratório de Comunicação e Instituto) da UCAM/RJ (UNIVERSIDADE CANDIDO MENDES RIO DE JANEIRO). Tiveram-se, por material de investigação, alguns documentos de propostas formuladas pelos candidatos, localizados nos arquivos do Centro de Pesquisa e Documentação da Fundação Getúlio Vargas (CPDOC/FGV). Da mesma forma, alguns dados sobre o tema foram obtidos em edições do período em pesquisa, junto a edições da revista Veja e da literatura histórica sobre o governo de José Sarney. Desse modo, procurou-se elencar as condições do status quo na qual os discursos emergiram. As análises, a partir de categorias discursivas elaboradas no contexto da teoria de Ernesto Laclau e Chantal Mouffe, dentre outros seguidores, também serviram de instrumento de apropriação dos eventos políticos pesquisados, incidentes naquele espaço de tempo. Dentre os instrumentos de análise discursiva que operacionalizaram este estudo, encontram-se o antagonismo e as lógicas da diferença e equivalência, mecanismos que possibilitam uma verificação de como o discurso vem a ser construído ao longo daquele espaço temporal. Ainda se pôde destacar os trabalhos acadêmicos sobre populismo, como mentores das perspectivas de abordagem da pesquisa. Com destaque à categoria povo , sua construção é um dado essencial na compreensão deste fenômeno político. Enseja, ainda, a articulação de demandas, sentidos que, constitutivos de um meio social, podem resultar na formação de um discurso, quando trabalhados conjuntamente.
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Hedlund, Sara. "Skillnader i uppvisat bias mellan utmanare och försvarare av status quo." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Psykologiska institutionen, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-59236.
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De som förespråkar en ändring av det rådande läget (status quo), inom exempelvis politik, har visat sig vara mer påverkade av naiv realism än de som vill behålla status quo. Ytterligare studier visar att den politiska tillhörigheten kan vara av betydelse för hur påverkade av naiv realism dessa utmanare är. I två studier har det testats om naiv realism påverkas av positionen till status quo (utmana eller försvara) eller av den politiska tillhörigheten. I båda studier har en tydlig favorisering av den egna gruppen påträffats, samt att personer i utmanarposition gentemot status quo gjorde signifikant större skillnad mellan ingrupp och utgrupp än vad försvarare av status quo gjorde. Den politiska tillhörigheten visade sig inte vara av betydelse. En omarbetad version av enkäten väntas stärka resultaten ytterligare. Fortsatta studier inom området föreslås.
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Lkhagvadorj, Ariunaa. "Status quo on fiscal decentralisation in Mongolia." Universität Potsdam, 2007. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2008/1615/.
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This paper gives a review on the theoretical foundation for fiscal decentralisation and a status quo analysis of the intergovernmental relations in Mongolia. It consists of two parts. Part I briefly reviews the theories of fiscal decentralisation and its impact on the nations’ welfare considering the major challenges for a transition economy. Part II of the paper describes the general structure and scope of the government and examines the current fiscal autonomy in Mongolia focusing on the four main areas of intergovernmental relations. This paper concludes that local governments in Mongolia are still far away from having the political, administrative and fiscal autonomy. New approaches for the assignments of expenditures and revenues in Mongolia are urgently needed.
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Buturak, Gökhan. "Choice deferral, status quo bias, and matching." Doctoral thesis, Handelshögskolan i Stockholm, Institutionen för Nationalekonomi, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hhs:diva-1282.
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This thesis consists of three independent papers. They are put in reverse chronological order according to when they were initiated. The first paper, which is a joint work with Özgür Evren, extends the standard rational choice framework with the option to postpone the act of selecting an alternative. In that paper, we propose an axiomatic model of choice over risky prospects that restricts the classical rationality axioms solely to those instances in which the decision maker does not defer. The cardinal approach we follow allows us to identify the preference relation of the decision maker over lotteries, even if the choice data is very scarce due to deferral. Moreover, we also derive the value of deferring choice from a given set of options, which turns out to be an affine utility function over choice sets. At each choice situation, the decision maker compares the utility of each available alternative with that of deferral so as to decide on opting for an alternative immediately. The second paper is a model of status quo bias with choice avoidance. It describes the choice behavior of an otherwise standard decision maker whose choices are affected by the presence of a status quo alternative. The status quo emerges as a temporary choice, which may be reversed upon arrival of new (introspective or objective) information, or upon finding new alternatives. The third paper considers the network formation problem from a matching perspective. In that paper, agents want to link with each other and each has preferences over the subsets of others. We consider various solution concepts regarding the stability of a matching between the agents, establish relations between these concepts under several preference restrictions, and provide sufficient conditions for these solutions to be nonempty.Diss. Stockholm : Handelshögskolan i Stockholm, 2011
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Venzin, Simona. "Very Light Jets Status Quo und Zukunftsaussichten /." St. Gallen, 2007. http://www.biblio.unisg.ch/org/biblio/edoc.nsf/wwwDisplayIdentifier/01654920002/$FILE/01654920002.pdf.
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Cachat, Sophie. "Saisonale Marktleistungen (Seasonals) - Status Quo und Erfolgschancen." St. Gallen, 2005. http://www.biblio.unisg.ch/org/biblio/edoc.nsf/wwwDisplayIdentifier/02606663001/$FILE/02606663001.pdf.
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Félix, Hugo Miguel Costa. "Escolha intertemporal: Virtudes e vícios em trocas monetárias." Master's thesis, ISPA - Instituto Universitário das Ciências Psicológicas, Sociais e da Vida, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.12/2267.
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Dissertação de Mestrado em Psicologia Social e das OrganizaçõesO presente estudo tem como objectivo averiguar as atitudes das pessoas face a virtues e vices em contexto monetário, pois apesar de existir extensa literatura sobre o assunto, nenhuma dela se foca neste contexto. Com base no modelo de preferência por sequências(Loewenstein & Prelec, 1993) no Double-entry mental accounting model (Prelec & Loewenstein, 1998) e na aversão à dívida, prevê-se atracção por virtues e aversão a vices. Devido à natureza dos virtues e vices(perspectivas mistas) averiguou-se também a existência do status quo bias (Samuelson & Zeckhauser, 1988) na escolha intertemporal neutralizando o efeito de aversão às perdas(Kahneman & Tversky, 1979, 1984). Um estudo com 390 sujeitos confirmou tanto as previsões dos modelos face a virtues e vices como a existência do status quo bias na escolha intertemporal. ------- ABSTRACT -------- The present study objective is to investigate people’s attitudes towards virtues an vices in the monetary domain, although there is extensive literature on the subject, none of it is focused on this domain. Based on the preference for sequences model (Loewenstein & Prelec, 1993), on the Double-entry mental accounting model (Prelec&Loewenstein, 1998) and on debt aversion, it is predicted that people are attracted to virtues and averse to vices. Due to the virtues and vices nature(mixed prospects) it was also investigated the presence of the status quo bias (Samuelson & Zeckhauser, 1988) in intertemporal choice after neutralizing loss aversion (Kahneman & Tversky, 1979, 1984). With 390 participants the study confirmed both the predictions for the virtues and vices and the existence of the status quo bias in intertemporal choice.
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Haraslinova, Katarina. "Status quo und strategische Entwicklung des Binnenhafens Bratislava." Institut für Transportwirtschaft und Logistik, WU Vienna University of Economics and Business, 2009. http://epub.wu.ac.at/1140/1/document.pdf.
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With the rising importance of combined transport as well as logistics, the subject of public inland ports is moving once again, after a long time of political default, in the center of discussions in Slovakia. The thesis focuses on answering the question, how the inland port of Bratislava should improve in order to stay competitive in light of the changed economic and political conditions and due to the future prospects of traf-fic development. In the theoretical part of the thesis, the fundamental terms and processes for general understanding of the following contents are explained. In the empirical part, which is based on the procedure of a SWOT analysis (strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats), the status quo of the inland port of Bratislava is at first raised. After the internal analysis, the changes and developments of the ex-ternal environment of the port are examined and, subsequently, a competitor analysis including analyses of the inland port Vienna as well as Györ-Gönyü is executed. Based on the former analyses, the strengths and weaknesses as well as opportunities and threats of the inland port of Bratislava are derived and finally, taking into account the results of the SWOT analysis, strategic actions for the development of the port of Bratislava are recommended. (author's abstract)Series: Schriftenreihe des Instituts für Transportwirtschaft und Logistik - Verkehr
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Taylor, Fred H. "Sino-Japanese relations cooperation, competition, or status quo? /." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Naval Postgraduate School, 2008. http://bosun.nps.edu/uhtbin/hyperion-image.exe/08Mar%5FTaylor.pdf.
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Thesis (M.A. in National Security Affairs)--Naval Postgraduate School, March 2008.Thesis Advisor(s): Olsen, Edward A. ; Miller, Alice L. "March 2008." Description based on title screen as viewed on May 15, 2008. Includes bibliographical references (p.63-65). Also available in print.
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Wang, George. "Status Quo der CRM-Aktivitäten in der Automobilindustrie." St. Gallen, 2006. http://www.biblio.unisg.ch/org/biblio/edoc.nsf/wwwDisplayIdentifier/01655042002/$FILE/01655042002.pdf.
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Böhringer, Martin, Alrik Degenkolb, and Andreas Schneider. "Social Feed Reader: Status Quo and Future Perspectives." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2014. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-141445.
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Hanby, Gary T. "The Status Is Not Quo: Unraveling Music Videos." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2017. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/6600.
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The Utah State Standards for media arts are general and therefore give teachers a great deal of freedom in how they present the content for media arts courses. How the teacher engages students and project assignments are left to the teacher as they walk the students through the process of making films. This thesis explores how an art teacher might use music videos to teach filmmaking techniques and engage students in the process of meaning making. My research hypothesis is that, by educating students to understand and interpret the messages they consume through media, I can help them recognize the hidden texts in visual culture. My curriculum provides students with learning activities that foster the development of critical thinking skills and also techniques for analyzing images. An important part of the curriculum for this unit is a critical study of music videos wherein the students examine music videos using semiotics and qualitative film analysis. The students explore filmmaking techniques and the processes needed to create their own messages in a music video.
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Hagemann, G. Ximena, R. Tania Mejía, and S. Francisca Monzón. "Endowment effect, Status Quo Bias y default option." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2004. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/108287.
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Muchas veces hemos oído hablar de que cierta conducta es irracional o que tal persona
está actuando irracionalmente. La racionalidad en el comportamiento es un supuesto en el
que se basa la economía para el desarrollo de sus modelos de predicción de la conducta de
los individuos o agentes económicos en sus decisiones de consumo e inversión.
Si los supuestos de la teoría económica tradicional fueran ciertos en su totalidad, no se
deberían observar patrones de desviación desde el punto óptimo del consumo, pero a
menudo se puede notar que las personas cometen errores al tomar sus decisiones. Esto se
debe a que los individuos toman decisiones basándose en la percepción de la realidad, más
que en la realidad misma y en que el modo en el cual se les presente la situación influirá en
su comportamiento.
La ciencia económica tradicional está siendo innovada, relajando los estrictos supuestos
de la conducta racional de los consumidores, reemplazándolos por concepciones más
realistas del comportamiento humano, admitiendo que poseen una racionalidad limitada.
Los pioneros en desarrollar una teoría alternativa a la clásica1
, fueron los profesores
Daniel Kahneman y Amos Tversky(1974), a la cual denominaron Teoría Prospectiva. Las
características claves de esta nueva teoría y que la diferencian de la teoría neoclásica son
que: la función de utilidad es reemplazada por una función de valor, se introduce el precio
de referencia y además se relaja el principio de fungibilidad.
Con esta teoría se pueden explicar diferentes anomalías en el comportamiento del
consumidor que se observan en la vida cotidiana. Algunos ejemplos son:
1) El señor X, compró tiempo atrás una caja de vinos de buena calidad a
$2.000 la botella. Años más tarde, el señor Y le ofrece comprarle a $40.000 cada botella. Sin embargo el señor X, se niega a venderlo, a pesar
de que no estaría dispuesto a pagar más de $14.000 por cada botella
(Thaler 1980).
2) A un individuo se le entrega un ticket de lotería. Antes de realizarse el
sorteo, se le ofrece cambiarlo por otro ticket con igual probabilidad de
ganar, más una pequeña suma de dinero. Sin embargo, el individuo se
rehúsa a cambiar su ticket (Maimaran 2003).
3) Durante un tiempo VTR ofreció la siguiente oferta, quienes opten por la
opción banda ancha light ( una versión menos rápida pero más barata que
la banda ancha normal) recibirán durante los tres primeros meses el
servicio de banda ancha normal por el precio de la light. Al cabo de los
tres meses, si el suscriptor no solicita el cambio a su opción original
(BAL), la compañía seguirá proveyendo el servicio de banda ancha normal
con el respectivo aumento en su cuenta mensual a contar del cuarto mes.
Finalmente se vio que la mayoría de los individuos optaban inicialmente
por la banda ancha light. Sin embargo, al cabo de los tres meses una gran
cantidad de individuos no solicitó el cambio a su opción original (Manzur
2004).
Cada una de estas anécdotas ilustran diferentes tipos de comportamiento semi-racional.
En el primer ejemplo, podemos ver cómo una persona valora de manera diferente un bien
antes y después de poseerlo. A esto se le llama “Endowment Effect”, (Thaler, 1980) y será
analizado en profundidad en el capítulo III.
En el segundo ejemplo, se observa que el individuo se rehúsa a cambiar su situación por
una mejor, este comportamiento opuesto a lo que se propone en la Teoría Económica,
muestra una tendencia a mantener el status quo. Samuelson y Zeckhauser (1988) definieron
este comportamiento como “Status Quo Bias” y se verá en el capítulo IV.
Por último en el tercer ejemplo, podemos ver cómo los consumidores tienden a evitar la
toma de decisiones, este comportamiento suele aparecer cuando se le presenta una opción
Default, es decir, una opción que el consumidor automáticamente recibirá si no especifica
explícitamente otra opción, esto se verá más detalladamente en el capítulo V.
Basaremos nuestra tesis en estas tres conductas del comportamiento del consumidor de
modo de entender porque se producen y como utilizar sus implicancias en las estrategias de
marketing para obtener de este modo mejores resultados.
Para comenzar explicaremos la Teoría prospectiva, aquí analizaremos detalladamente el
modelo de referencia dependencia y la aversión a la perdida, ya que estas dos
características son la base que explica el comportamiento semi-racional de los individuos.
Luego se buscarán motivos alternativos para cada una de estas conductas, trataremos de
encontrar motivos sicológicos que no han sido considerados por la teoría económica y que
nos parecen muy relevantes, ya que generalmente son estos los que modelan el
comportamiento de los individuos.
Intentaremos explicar cuales son los factores que hacen variar la magnitud de estas
anomalías, cómo y porqué se generan.
Además en cada capítulo explicaremos cuales son las implicancias que generan estas
diferentes conductas para el marketing y para algunas políticas sociales, a fin de poder ser
utilizadas para crear estrategias beneficiosas.
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Böhringer, Martin, Alrik Degenkolb, and Andreas Schneider. "Social Feed Reader: Status Quo and Future Perspectives." Technische Universität Dresden, 2009. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A27961.
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Ramsey, Nathan A. "Keeping America Exceptional: Patriotism, the Status Quo, and the Culture Wars." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1314044247.
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Hauptmann, Anke, Ralph Sonntag, Dirk Reichelt, Thomas Wenk, and Linda Anlauf. "Status Quo und Bedeutung der Meinungsführerforschung für Online-Communities." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2013. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-126030.
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In der Gesellschaft gibt es einige wenige Individuen, die besonders überzeugend auf andere wirken und diese daher in Bezug auf Ideen, Informationen und Produkte beeinflussen können. Sie werden Meinungsführer genannt und sind in allen Bereichen der Gesellschaft zu finden. Meinungsführer sind aber, um Einfluss nehmen zu können, auf Meinungssuchende angewiesen. Diese finden sie zumeist in sozialen Netzwerken, wie Communities (online als auch offline), in welchen sie am aktivsten sind oder welche den Interessen der Meinungsführer am ehesten entsprechen. Im Onlinemarketing werden Meinungsführer zunehmend wichtiger, da es effektiver ist, sie direkt zu informieren und zu bewerben und dadurch Informationen verbreiten zu lassen oder durch sie Produkte, wie beispielsweise mittels Produktmuster, weiter zu empfehlen. Durch diese Prozesse können Produktempfehlungen und deren Verbreitung initiiert werden. In vielen Forschungsprojekten wurden bereits Aspekte der Meinungsführerschaft sowie Identifikationsmöglichkeiten für Meinungsführer in sozialen Netzwerken erarbeitet. Bisher sind Definitionen von Online-Communities und die Definition des Einflusses oder der Eigenschaften und Kennzahlen von Meinungsführern nicht einheitlich. Besonders die Kennzahlen zur Identifikation von Meinungsführerschaft in sozialen Netzwerken überschneiden sich teilweise inhaltlich, als auch namentlich.
(...)
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Schieber, Andreas, and Andreas Hilbert. "Status Quo der Textanalyse im Rahmen der Business Intelligence." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2014. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-138447.
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Vor dem Hintergrund der Zunahme unstrukturierter Daten für Unternehmen befasst sich dieser Beitrag mit den Möglichkeiten, die durch den Einsatz der Business Intelligence für Unternehmen bestehen, wenn durch gezielte Analyse die Bedeutung dieser Daten erfasst, gefiltert und ausgewertet werden können. Allgemein ist das Ziel der Business Intelligence die Unterstützung von Entscheidungen, die im Unternehmen (auf Basis strukturierter Daten) getroffen werden. Die zusätzliche Auswertung von unstrukturierten Daten, d.h. unternehmensinternen Dokumenten oder Texten aus dem Web 2.0, führt zu einer Vergrößerung des Potenzials und dient der Erweiterung des Geschäftsverständnisses der Verbesserung der Entscheidungsfindung. Der Beitrag erläutert dabei nicht nur Konzepte und Verfahren, die diese Analysen ermöglichen, sondern zeigt auch Fallbeispiele zur Demonstration ihrer Nützlichkeit.
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Jacobsen, Knut Bolstad. "”Rising and Revising?” : China and the Territorial Status Quo." Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for sosiologi og statsvitenskap, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-26530.
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This thesis is an investigation of China's territorial disputes, with a focus on how Beijing has behaved in these. With 1989 as its cut-off point the thesis considers unresolved land-border disputes and maritime disputes in the South China Sea and East China Sea. Employing the concepts of “status quo” and “revisionist” the thesis aims to uncover which description best fits China's approach to territorial disputes in the time period under consideration. Its findings are that China in its land-border disputes have overwhelmingly displayed status quo behavior. Six out of eight of these disputes have been solved amicably with no major change of territory or usage of military means. Of the two unresolved disputes, with India and Bhutan, only the latter may fit the description as limited-aims revisionism by Beijing, although it is a case lacking in detailed information. As for the maritime domain the thesis finds possible revisionism in China's disputes with Japan over the Senkaku Islands and Southeast Asian states over the Spratly Islands and Scarborough Shoal. However, action reaction dynamics complicates the picture and suggests that to the extent the limited-aims revisionist label fits these cases it is of a more reactive than proactive kind.
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Oelschläger, Angelika. "Altersicherung [Alterssicherung] von Selbständigen : Entwicklung, Status quo und Reformoptionen." Berlin : Logos, 2005. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?id=2679344&prov=M&dok_var=1&dok_ext=htm.
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Grupp, Annabell. "Die Fernabsatzfinanzdienstleistungsrichtlinie 2002/65/EG Status quo und Reformbedarf." Frankfurt, M. Berlin Bern Bruxelles New York, NY Oxford Wien Lang, 2008. http://d-nb.info/99516052X/04.
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Meyer, Stephanie-Laurence. "Die Verbriefung von KMU-Kreditrisiken Status Quo und Entwicklungstendenzen /." St. Gallen, 2006. http://www.biblio.unisg.ch/org/biblio/edoc.nsf/wwwDisplayIdentifier/01652536001/$FILE/01652536001.pdf.
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Nestler, Daisy Julia. "Beitrag zum Thema VERBUNDWERKSTOFFE - WERKSTOFFVERBUNDE: Status quo und Forschungsansätze." Doctoral thesis, Universitätsverlag Chemnitz, 2012. https://monarch.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A20009.
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Vielschichtige Eigenschaftsprofile benötigen zunehmend moderne Verbundwerkstoffe und Werkstoffverbunde einschließlich der raschen Entfaltung neuer Fertigungstechnologien, da der monolithische Werkstoff bzw. ein einziger Werkstoff den heutigen komplexen Anforderungen nicht mehr genügen kann. Zukünftige Werkstoffsysteme haben wirtschaftlich eine Schlüsselposition und sind auf den Wachstumsmärkten von grundlegender Bedeutung. Gefragt sind maßgeschneiderte Leichtbauwerkstoffe (tailor-made composites) mit einem adaptierten Design. Dazu müssen Konzepte entwickelt werden, um die Kombination der Komponenten optimal zu gestalten. Das erfordert werkstoffspezifisches Wissen und Korrelationsvermögen sowie die Gestaltung komplexer Technologien, auch unter dem Aspekt der kontinuierlichen Massen- und Großserienfertigung (in-line, in-situ) und damit der Kostenreduzierung bislang teurer Verbundwerkstoffe und Werkstoffverbunde.
In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird in vergleichbarer und vergleichender Art und Weise sowie abstrahierter Form ein Bogen über das Gesamtgebiet der Verbundwerkstoffe und Werkstoffverbunde gespannt. Eine zusammenfassende Publikation über dieses noch sehr junge, aber bereits breit aufgestellte Wissenschaftsgebiet fehlt bislang. Das ist der Separierung der einzelnen, fest aufgeteilten Gruppierungen der Verbundwerkstoffe geschuldet. Querverbindungen werden selten hergestellt. Dieses Defizit in einem gewissen Maße auszugleichen, ist Ziel der Arbeit. Besondere Berücksichtigung finden Begriffsbestimmungen und Klassifikationen, Herstellungsverfahren und Eigenschaften der Werkstoffe. Es werden klare Strukturierungen und Übersichten herausgearbeitet. Zuordnungen von etablierten und neuen Technologien sollen zur Begriffsstabilität der Terminologien „Mischbauweise“ und „Hybrider Verbund“ beitragen. Zudem wird die Problematik „Recycling und Recyclingtechnologien“ diskutiert. Zusammenfassend werden Handlungsfelder zukünftiger Forschungs- und Entwicklungsprojekte spezifiziert. Aus dem Blickwinkel der verschiedenen Herstellungsrouten insbesondere für Halbzeuge und Bauteile und der dabei gewonnenen Erkenntnisse werden verallgemeinerte Konzepte für tailor-made Verbundwerkstoffe und Werkstoffverbunde vorgeschlagen („Stellschraubenschema“). Diese allgemeinen Werkstoffkonzepte werden auf eigene aktuelle Forschungsprojekte der Schwerpunktthemen Metallmatrix- und Polymermatrix-Verbundwerkstoffe sowie der hybriden Werkstoffverbunde appliziert. Forschungsfelder für zukünftige Projekte werden abgeleitet. Besonderes Augenmerk gilt den hybriden Verbunden als tragende Säule zukünftiger Entwicklungen im Leichtbau. Hier spielen in-line- und in-situ-Prozesse eine entscheidende Rolle für eine großseriennahe, kosteneffiziente und ressourcenschonende Produktion.Complex property profiles require increasingly advanced composite materials and material compounds, including the rapid deployment of new production technologies, because the monolithic material or a single material can no longer satisfy today's complex requirements. Future material systems are fundamentally important to growth markets, in which they have an economically key position. Tailor-made lightweight materials (tailor-made composites) with an adapted design are needed. These concepts have to be developed to design the optimum combination of components. This requires material-specific knowledge and the ability to make correlations, as well as the design of complex technologies. Continuous large-scale and mass production (in-line, in-situ), thus reducing the costs of previously expensive composite materials and material compounds, is also necessary. The present work spans the entire field of composite materials and material compounds in a comparable and comparative manner and abstract form. A summarizing publication on this still very new, but already broad-based scientific field is not yet available. The separation of the individual, firmly divided groups of the composite materials is the reason for this. Cross-connections are rarely made. The objective of this work is to compensate to some extent for this deficiency. Special consideration is given to definitions and classifications, manufacturing processes and the properties of the materials. Clear structures and overviews are presented. Mapping established and new technologies will contribute to the stability of the terms "mixed material compounds" and "hybrid material compounds". In addition, the problem of recycling and recycling technologies is discussed. In summary, areas for future research and development projects will be specified. Generalized concepts for tailor-made composite materials and material compounds are proposed ("adjusting screw scheme") with an eye toward various production routes, especially for semi-finished products and components, and the associated findings. These general material concepts are applied to own current research projects pertaining to metal-matrix and polymer-matrix composites and hybrid material compounds. Research fields for future projects are extrapolated. Particular attention is paid to hybrid material compounds as the mainstay of future developments in lightweight construction. In-line and in-situ processes play a key role for large-scale, cost- and resource-efficient production.
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Gebel, Michael, Stephan Bürger, Stefan Halbfaß, and Mario Uhlig. "Nährstoffeinträge in sächsische Gewässer: Status quo und Ausblick bis 2027: Modellgestützte Ermittlung der Nährstoffeinträge in sächsische Gewässer – Status quo und Ausblick bis 2027." Sächsisches Landesamt für Umwelt, Landwirtschaft und Geologie, 2016. https://slub.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A7475.
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Der Bericht liefert einen Überblick über die Belastung der sächsischen Böden und Gewässer mit Nährstoffen. Bilanziert wurden u. a. Phosphor-und Stickstoff- sowie Sedimenteinträge in die Gewässer. Die Abschätzungen erfolgten auf Basis des in Sachsen entwickelten Modells STOFFBILANZ. Die Betrachtungen beziehen sich auf die Zeitschnitte der Jahre 2000, 2005, 2012 sowie 2021 und 2027. Die Veröffentlichung richtet sich an Ingenieur- und Planungsbüros, Forschungs-, Lehr- und Fortbildungseinrichtungen, Umwelt- und Landwirtschaftsverbände sowie an Behörden, die im Bereich Gewässerschutz und Landwirtschaft in Sachsen tätig sind.
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Pistory, Elisabeth. "Historische Entwicklung, Status quo und Zukunftsperspektiven der Rinderrasse Murnau-Werdenfelser." Diss., lmu, 2009. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-109078.
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Eriksson, Niklas. "Kontraktion eller status quo? : En studie av den egyptiska staten." Thesis, Södertörn University College, School of Social Sciences, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-206.
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The aim of this paper is to examine how the size of the Egyptian state has developed during the last three decades. The questions that I will try to answer during the paper are following: Has the Egyptian state contracted the last three decades? Can I based on the result of the study draw some conclusions about if the states dominant position in the society has been reduced? The theory and the method are built on the theoretical framework of the authoritarian state. The modern authoritarian state bases its dominant role in the society on a large centralized and hierarchical bureaucracy. This composes the main theoretical assumption that the method is based on. The method is built on the operationalization of four indicators that examine the size of the state. The conclusion of the first question is that the Egyptian state can be said both has contracted and maintained status quo, and the conclusion of the second question is that the states ability to dominate the society still is big, this assumption is mostly based on the high rate of employment in the public sector witch creates the foundation of the large bureaucracy.
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Sieber, Philipp Leopold. "Status-quo-Erhebung des Gesundheitszustandes bayerischer Milchziegenherden anhand epidemiologischer Untersuchungen." Diss., Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 2014. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-174736.
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Mann, Lili D. "Entrenchment of the status quo in the Arab-Israeli conflict." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/39651.
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Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.This study examines those endemic factors which contribute to the entrenchment of the status quo in the Arab-Israeli conflict. By removing the dynamics of the Cold War, the particular circumstances of the main actors- Israel, the Palestinian Liberation Organization, Syria, the United States and the United Nations--become apparent. It is the thesis of this paper that the underlying causes in the creation and perpetuation of the Arab-Israeli conflict include (1) the importance of ideology and security to Israel, (2) a lack of political will among the players to alter the status quo, (3) a plethora of systemic organizational constraints, and (4) limitations faced by the UN that inhibit its usefulness as an intermediary. While compelling arguments should move the actors toward a resolution of the conflict, particularly when a window of opportunity now exists in the aftermath of Desert Storm, the factors cited above comprise powerful counterforces which both serve to sustain Israel's de facto borders and provide a pretext for Arab hostility.
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Follert, Fabiane, Aline Bergert, Helge Fischer, Anne Lauber-Rönsberg, and Sebastian Horlacher. "Open Educational Resources (OER) in Sachsen: Status Quo – Potentiale – Herausforderungen." TUDpress, 2017. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A30899.
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Im Kontext der Digitalisierung vollzieht sich an Hochschulen aktuell ein umfassender Transformationsprozess. Gerade im Bereich der Lehre scheinen die Möglichkeiten digitaler Technologien unbegrenzt. Lernmaterialien, bspw. Texte, Bilder, Videos, Online-Kurse sind ubiquitär verfügbar. Doch wie können diese Materialien sinnvoll und legal integriert, genutzt und verbreitet werden?
Sog. Open Educational Resources (OER) bieten Möglichkeiten, den aktuellen Herausforderungen – rechtlicher, didaktischer sowie organisatorischer Natur – adäquat zu begegnen und die Potentiale digitaler Bildung nachhaltig zu erschließen: ... [... aus dem Text]
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Schoenenberger, Christina. "Familienlasten und Besteuerung; Status Quo und Alternativen de lege ferenda." St. Gallen, 2005. http://www.biblio.unisg.ch/org/biblio/edoc.nsf/wwwDisplayIdentifier/01653955001/$FILE/01653955001.pdf.
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Schlegel, Lea. "Verhandeln in Teams Status Quo, Erfolgsfaktoren und Handlungsempfehlungen in Verkaufssituationen /." St. Gallen, 2008. http://www.biblio.unisg.ch/org/biblio/edoc.nsf/wwwDisplayIdentifier/05603337001/$FILE/05603337001.pdf.
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Sörensen, Mikaela, and Gabriel Krogius. "Lönsamma erbjudanden : Hur tjänsteerbjudanden och dess kunder formas av Optional Framing." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för ekonomi, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-15111.
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ABSTRACT Title: Lucrative deals How service offers and its clients is forms by Optional Framing Level: Bachelor, Business Administration Author: Gabriel Krogius, Mikaela Sörensen Supervisor: Jonas Kågström, department of economics Date: 2013, August Introduction: That the human mind may be directed by how an offer is designed is not news. However, what is new in the following thesis is whether a person is affected in the case of a service rather than, as previously research, a physical product. Does a person find it harder to separate with something rather than to add an option? Aim: The aim for this thesis is to examine how Optional Framing has affection on service offerings/companies, and in this case on real estate brokerage services. Is it, as earlier, when the human can form her own offer, the final price ends up higher when she is about to add options than removing them? Method: The thesis emanates to achieve earlier results where the difference in this case is that our thesis is targeting service offerings. It applies through a positivistic deductive method. The empirical data is collected from a quantitative sample of survey answers, where one part of the groups is faced to remove options from a deluxe-offer and the other part of the group is about to add options to a standard-offer. The survey was created with episodic support from a sample of interviews with active real estate agents. Discussion: The thesis shows that earlier results approve within service companies and its offers, in this case real estate brokerage. We can interpret that the human mind is directed through Optional Framing and that the deluxe-offer ends with a higher price and more options to it than the standard-offer. The correlation analysis shows us connection between some of the offers services that can benefit real estate brokerage in the future. Future research: We hope that foundations have been created for future research that can lead on to further understanding about the customers view on real estate brokerage services and how to make them more attractive. Contribution: Real estate brokerage can benefit from the results in this thesis where they further can implement the work from comparison of theory and empirical. Key words: Loss Aversion, The Endowment Effect, Status Quo Bias and also Framing/Optional Framing.
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Lindner, Frank. "Projektwissensmanagement : Status quo, Gestaltungsfaktoren und Erfolgsdeterminanten des Wissensmanagements in der Projektabwicklung /." Berlin ; Münster : Lit, 2010. http://deposit.d-nb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?id=3413684&prov=M&dok_var=1&dok_ext=htm.
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Kunz, Daniel. "Verbraucherschutz beim Internethandel in der Europäischen Union Status quo und Weiterentwicklung." ́ Frankfurt, M. Berlin Bern Bruxelles New York, NY Oxford Wien Lang, 2009. http://d-nb.info/999328794/04.
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Zimmermann, Anne. "Umverteilung in der Gesetzlichen Krankenversicherung : Status quo und Perspektiven der Ausgestaltung." Köln Inst. für Wirtschaftspolitik, 2007. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&docl̲ibrary=BVB01&docn̲umber=016285727&linen̲umber=0001&funcc̲ode=DBR̲ECORDS&servicet̲ype=MEDIA.
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