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VASTA, CARLA. "L'EFFICACIA DELLA DICHIARAZIONE DI RECESSO DALLA SOCIETA' PER AZIONI E LA PERDITA DELLO STATUS SOCII." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/544545.
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La tesi prende in esame, nell’ambito del diritto societario, la disciplina del recesso del socio da società per azioni ed in particolare il tema della efficacia della dichiarazione di recesso e la perdita dello status socii. La riforma delle società di capitali attuata dal d.lgs n. 6/2003 ha modificato in modo rilevante l’istituto del recesso, assegnando alla fattispecie una nuova vitalità. Nel sistema originario del codice civile del 1942 il legislatore aveva delineato la figura del recesso del socio di società di capitali quale strumento eccezionale, preoccupandosi di definirne più i limiti che le potenzialità. A causa dell’efficacia disgregatrice ed esiziale per l’organizzazione d’impresa, la direttrice utilizzata fu quella della marginalizzazione della fattispecie. Solo ad inizio del nuovo millennio il legislatore ha voluto attribuire a questo istituto un ruolo più incisivo, a partire dallo spazio riservato nell’impianto codicistico di sei articoli, in sostituzione dell’unico originario, così da poter parlare di(ri)nascita di una fattispecie lasciata fino ad allora in uno stato embrionale, annientata nelle sue potenzialità di tutela del socio. Alla tradizionale funzione legata all’interesse dell’azionista a sciogliere il vincolo societario per dissenso verso le scelte della maggioranza, se ne è affiancata un’altra che, in linea con l’obiettivo perseguito dalla riforma di rendere le società collettori di capitali più attraenti, consente al socio di disinvestire agilmente la propria partecipazione. Il recesso legittimamente esercitato offre uno strumento utile a fini di negoziazione endosocietaria, non più solo meccanismo di difesa del socio di minoranza avverso le decisioni assunte dalla maggioranza in grado di alterare sensibilmente le condizioni di rischio dell’investimento, ma anche mezzo di rinegoziazione del programma societario.Nonostante i meriti riconosciuti alla riforma di aver fornito all’autonomia privata un istituto del recesso riformato ed ampliato, a più di dieci anni dall’entrata in vigore delle modifiche societarie, permangono ancora punti oscuri che determinano dubbi nell’applicazione di un istituto che ha ormai assunto un ruolo centrale negli equilibri sociali. Incerti continuano ad essere i tempi ed, in particolare, perdura l’interrogativo sul momento di efficacia del recesso in termini di definitiva perdita da parte del recedente della sua qualità di socio ed insieme dei connessi diritti sociali, differenti da
quello residuo al rimborso. Tenuto conto dell’articolato (e spesso non breve) iter che separa l’istante della ricezione della dichiarazione di exit del socio da parte della società, da quello dell'effettivo versamento del valore di liquidazione della partecipazione, l’individuazione dell’istante in cui possa dirsi cessato il rapporto sociale ha centrale importanza per la certezza dei rapporti giuridici. È proprio su questo limbo temporale che la tesi concentra l’attenzione, al fine di comprendere se e fino a quando il socio recedente possa considerarsi ancora tale o sia per lui prospettabile un depotenziamento delle prerogative partecipative.
Si tratta di un problema di rilievo, in quanto ciascuna differente soluzione ha ricadute diverse sull’agere della società e sulla certezza dei rapporti giuridici. Lo studio condotto analizza lo status socii a partire dai principali diritti, amministrativi e patrimoniali di cui l’azionista dispone, quali il diritto di voto, il potere di impugnare le delibere assembleari, di esercitare l’azione di responsabilità nei confronti degli amministratori, il diritto d’opzione. Ciascuno di essi tutela interessi differenti e, con riguardo al socio uscente, si analizza se essi sopravvivano nelle more del procedimento di recesso o se la dichiarata volontà di non far parte più del sodalizio sociale faccia venir meno la ragione giustificatrice del diritto.
La prospettiva adottata è stata quella di ricercare un delicato equilibrio tra posizioni contrapposte, della società e dell’azionista uscente, valorizzando il “multiforme ingegno” del recesso, oggi strumento sia di voice che di exit.The origin of the withdrawal right is tied to the move in Corporate Law to majority approval of fundamental corporate changes, and away from a requirement of unanimous shareholder consent. The system of the withdrawal right assures a safe exit for minority shareholders, especially when they are members of a not listed company. Unlike limited liability companies whose stocks are sold in the capital market, in not listed ones the rule “if you do not like the management, sell your stock” is not valid. Nevertheless, it is worth pointing out the evolution this right had in recent years: now withdrawal right can also be an instrument to juggle a shareholder’s stay in corporation, using the weight of their shares and the loss of liquidity for the company, to achieve a favorable change in majority’s policy or to prevent transactions.In this polyfunctional exit procedure it is important to balance protection between the shareholder who has decided to leave the company and, on the other side, the corporation which still continues to exist without the capital of withdrawn shareholder. What happens in withdrawal right is something similar to what economists call ”prisoner’s dilemma”, because every involved subject does not know the reaction to his decision made by the other one, despite the common known goal being the highest individual payoff. Every part, like in the games theory, is obliged to suffer the effects of other’s action. The withdrawal right can be a serious threat if the shareholder, using the option of the exit, loses less than the damage inflicted by the company with the majority decision taken. It must be considered that the exit process from the company is not always fast and accepted, but there are phases requiring time (shareholder’s decision has to be communicated to the company; company should provide to liquidate the participation or hinder shareholder’s proposal). In this length of time, that can last months or years in case of judicial controversy, it fails to grasp if shareholder is still a member or not of organization with their traditional rights and power. In the Italian system of Law the latter company reform (d.lgs. 6/2003) has provided discipline of exit remedy but a certain statement about the moment of the loss of shareholder membership has not been provided. Two different perspectives are possible: if a shareholder is considered as a stakeholder, they should have only a claim of credit from the company, because they are yet considered outside the business corporation; while if they are considered as a shareholder, it should be necessary to identify boundaries of their acting. The risk is that shareholder could abuse their residual position and their rights to hinder or damage the company, due to them being no longer interested in pursuing the best corporate policy, having already an issued, unmodifiable credit claim on the corporation. Nevertheless, it is also true that the withdrawn shareholder is inside the company until the debt is not liquidated, so they could play an active part, although reduced, in corporate governance. The question to solve for withdrawal procedure is the destiny of shareholders who have decided to leave and their surviving role in corporation as shareholders or stakeholders. The thesis try to identify power and rights of members who want to leave company, but are still inside during the withdrawal right procedure. These questions are essential for certain, swift and efficient capital relationships.
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De, Agostini Paola. "Nutrition, health and socio-economic status." Thesis, University of Essex, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.446003.
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Belin, Marie-Odile. "Étude bibliographique des aspects socio-culturels de l'alimentation." Nancy 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986NAN10008.
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Clancy, Rosemary. "Childhood bilingualism : socio-economic status and cognitive gains /." Title page, contents and abstract only, 1990. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09AR.PS/09ar.psc587.pdf.
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Matthews, Catherine E. "Socio-economic status, student perceptions and college readiness." Pullman, Wash. : Washington State University, 2008. http://www.dissertations.wsu.edu/Dissertations/Fall2008/c_matthews_112508.pdf.
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Thesis (Ed. D.)--Washington State University, December 2008.Title from PDF title page (viewed on Apr. 17, 2009). "Department of Educational Leadership and Counseling Psychology." Includes bibliographical references (p. 163-169).
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Pises, Buranasombati McCarthy John R. "A qualitative study of low socio-economic status students in a predominantly high socio-economic status college in Bangkok, Thailand (Bangkok Business College)." Normal, Ill. Illinois State University, 1995. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ilstu/fullcit?p9633386.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Illinois State University, 1995.Title from title page screen, viewed May 16, 2006. Dissertation Committee: John R. McCarthy (chair), Larry D. Kennedy, David L. Tucker, Lemuel W. Watson. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 81-88) and abstract. Also available in print.
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Darling, Katherine E. "Understanding the Relation Between Socio-Economic Status and Child Weight Status within a Multidisciplinary Weight Control Treatment." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1559729147579083.
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Adams, Lisa Christine [Verfasser]. "Association of childhood trauma, socio-economic status and neighborhood status with cognitive function / Lisa Christine Adams." Berlin : Medizinische Fakultät Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1119803578/34.
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Barry, Jennifer Elizabeth Wright David. "The effect of socio-economic status on academic achievement subtitle /." Diss., A link to full text of this thesis in SOAR, 2006. http://soar.wichita.edu/dspace/handle/10057/616.
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Thesis (M.A.)--Wichita State University, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Dept. of Sociology."December 2006." Title from PDF title page (viewed on Sept. ., 2007). Thesis adviser: David Wright. Includes bibliographic references (leaves 27-29).
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Macharper, Anthony G. "Survival from cancer and socio-economic status in South Australia /." Title page, table of contents and abstract only, 1992. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09MPM/09mpmm149.pdf.
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Mashilwane, Mahlotle Pauline. "Socio-economic status and their impact on scholastic performance (achievement)." Thesis, University of Limpopo, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/2082.
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Thesis (M.Dev.) --University of Limpopo, 2001.The aim of this study was to examine the impact of socio-economic factors on scholastic performance (achievement) ofleamers in the secondary school. The study was conducted in the Southern Region of the Northern Province, in the Nebo District. The Southern Regio which is made up of basically Nebo and Sekhukhune, forms part of the former Lebowa and is basically rural. A literature study was-conducted, which unravelled and brought into surface factors of social and economic nature, which are contrary to effective learning and contributes towards poor performance, especially in public secondary schools. Literature study revealed that learners from disadvantaged backgrounds especially in the rural communities have their learning process heavily affected and disturbed by social and economic factors. An empirical survey was also conducted to establish the views and opinions of parents, educators and the learners themselves. A qualitative research method was used. Letebele Marishane Secondary School in Ngwaritsi circuit was used as a case study. Educators completed questionnaire whilst learners and parents were engaged in focus group interviews (discussion groups). Information gathered through observations was also taken into account. Both the literature review and the empirical survey agreed that the learner's background that is his/her family, home environment; his/her neighbourhood and other factors of economic and social nature can impact positively or negatively on performance in the classroom. That is, according to information gathered, learners from advantaged backgrounds stand a better chance in the classroom than learners from disadvantaged backgrounds. It is evident therefore that poverty that prevails amongst the rural communities impacts on learning and performance in the examination and other classroom activities.
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Jazayeri, Mina. "Neural correlates of socio-emotional states in macaques." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSE1281/document.
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Un pilier d'une vie sociale fructueuse est la capacité de prédire correctement les actions des autres et de percevoir leurs états émotionnels. Des études d'interaction sociale chez les primates ont montré qu'ils sont capables de déduire ce que les autres peuvent entendre ou voir, et de prédire leurs émotions et intentions. Il a été montré qu'ils peuvent manifester différents degrés de comportements prosociaux, allant de la coopération jusqu'à des comportements altruistes et empathiques. Des études d'imageries fonctionnelles chez l'homme ont identifié l'insula antérieur (AI) comme une région cérébrale clé dans le traitement de l'empathie.Spécifiquement, cette région apparait comme l'aire intégratrice des activités liées à la douleur ressentie et observée, suggérant que l'empathie pourrait impliquer un modèle « miroir » des propriétés affectives et sensorielles de la douleur d'autrui. Cependant, les bases neuronales de ce processus n'ont pas encore été découvertes. Dans le but d'examiner le rôle de l'AI dans le traitement de l'empathie, nous avons enregistré l'activité des neurones dans l'AI de deux singes pendant qu'ils sont engagés dans une tâche sociale leur permettant de délivrer un stimulus aversif ou appétitif à leur partenaire, à lui-même ou à personne. Les résultats comportementaux ont montré que les singes prennent en compte le bien-être de leur partenaire. Les données neuronales rapportent différentes populations neuronales répondant aux stimuli aversif ou appétitif et ceux délivrés à soi ou à autrui. Notamment, la population neuronale répondant au stimulus aversif a montré trois profils d'activité : une représentation neuronale de l'expérience désagréable du partenaire, une représentation neuronale de sa propre sensation désagréable et une minorité de neurones montrant des propriétés miroirs entre soi et autrui. Nos résultats suggèrent un modèle neuronal de l'empathie représentant des propriétés distinctes entre l'expérience vécue et observéeA cornerstone of a successful social life is the ability to correctly predict others’ actions and empathically perceive their emotional states. Studies on primates’ social interaction have shown that thanks to their keen cognitive abilities monkeys are able to deduce what others can hear or see, and to predict others’ emotions and intentions. It has been shown that primates are able to display different degrees of prosocial behavior, from cooperation to even altruism and empathically driven behavior. Studies using fMRI techniques inhumans have identified the anterior insula (AI) as a key brain region in the processing of empathy. More precisely, this region emerged as the overlapping area activated for both experienced and observed pain,leading to the idea that empathy for pain may involve a mirror-matching model of the affective and sensory features of others' pain. However, the neuronal basis of this process has yet to be uncovered. In an attempt toextend and to investigate the role of the AI in the process of empathy we have recorded single cell activity inthe AI of two monkeys while they were engaged in a social task where based on the performed trials positiveor negative reinforcements could be delivered to self, another monkey, or nobody. Behavioral results showed that monkeys take into account the welfare of their partners even when this has no impact on their ownwelfare. Our neuronal findings report that distinct population of neurons respond differentially to outcomesfor self and other, and to appetitive and aversive outcomes. Interestingly the neuronal population responding to the aversive outcome showed mainly three profiles of activity: neuronal representation of conspecifics’unpleasant experience, neuronal representation of own unpleasant experience and a minority of neurons showing mirroring properties between self and other. Thus, our results suggest a neuronal model of empathy that accounts for the distinctive features between feeling and empathizing
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Testa, Maria Rita, Valeria Bordone, Beata Osiewalska, and Vegard Skirbekk. "Are daughters' childbearing intentions related to their mothers' socio-economic status?" Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, 2016. http://epub.wu.ac.at/6110/1/35%2D21.pdf.
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BACKGROUND
Unlike actual fertility, fertility intentions are often found to be positively correlated with education. The literature explaining this paradox is scarce.
OBJECTIVE
We aim to fill the gap in the existing scientific literature by searching for the main factors that influence highly educated women to plan a larger family size.
METHODS
Using the first wave of the Generations and Gender Survey for four countries (Austria, Bulgaria, Italy, and Norway), we analyse the relationship between mother's socio-economic status and daughter's fertility intentions, controlling for daughter's socio-economic status and sibship size. Zero-inflated Poisson regression models are employed to estimate the predictors of women's additionally intended number of children.
RESULTS
We find that the effect of family of origin is exerted mainly through sibship size among childless daughters: Daughters with more siblings intend to have more children. After the transition to parenthood, the effect of family of origin is exerted mainly through the mother's level of education: Daughters with highly educated mothers intend to have more children.
CONCLUSIONS
The empirical results suggest that the positive link between births intentions and level of education might not merely be an artefact generated by the design of cross-sectional surveys but the outcome of a better socio-economic status that allows forming positive reproductive plans.
CONTRIBUTION
The positive role of mother's socio-economic status on daughter's fertility decision-making offers a valuable interpretation of the positive link between education and fertility intentions which goes beyond the alternative explanations referring to self-selection, partner effect, or time squeeze, and needs to be confirmed by further research. (authors' abstract)
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Fisher, Jamie DeVon. "Head Start teachers' and low socio-economic status parents' vocabulary usage." Cincinnati, Ohio University of Cincinnati, 2007. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ucin1179369020.
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Thesis (M.A.)--University of Cincinnati, 2007.Title from electronic thesis title page (viewed July 20, 2007). Includes abstract. Keywords: head start, low socio-economic status, vocabulary Includes bibliographical references.
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Wheatley, Lisa. "Mother-infant interaction during book sharing across socio-economic status groups." Thesis, University of Hertfordshire, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2299/17516.
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Book sharing is a key literacy activity in the early years that predicts children's subsequent literacy and language abilities, and a wealth of evidence illustrates socioeconomic status (SES) differences in early childhood abilities. However, whilst research has examined book sharing frequency in depth, far less is known about how the quality of verbal and non-verbal interactions varies by the SES of the parent. This thesis addresses this question by considering the quality of book sharing interactions between mothers and their infants or children across three studies. In the first, longitudinal study, mother-infant dyads (N = 44) were filmed book sharing at 12 and 18 months (N = 34), and infant development was measured. A novel coding scheme identified a wide range of verbal and non-verbal book sharing behaviours. High SES dyads produced more positive behaviours at 12 and 18 months and these predicted infants' linguistic and cognitive abilities at 18 months. Differences in infants were observed only at 18 months, with low SES infants disengaging more frequently. To examine the link between book sharing, SES and emotional functioning in older children, the second study considered mother-child book sharing behaviours in a preschool aged sample (N = 46). There were SES differences in verbal, but not non-verbal book sharing behaviours. A small number of maternal book sharing behaviours were associated with children's social and emotional abilities, suggesting children's behaviour influenced the book sharing interaction. In the final study, a book sharing intervention was designed and delivered predominantly to low SES mothers (N = 24) to explore whether mothers' book sharing behaviours could be enhanced, and increases were found in all targeted behaviours. In conclusion, book sharing behaviours that have been found to provide a more enriched interaction were seen more in high SES dyads, and predicted infants' abilities. Encouraging low SES mothers to use these enhanced interactions was successful, indicating that higher quality book sharing can be increased via a short intervention.
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FISHER, JAMIE DeVon. "HEAD START TEACHERS' AND LOW SOCIO-ECONOMIC STATUS PARENTS' VOCABULARY USAGE." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1179369020.
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Jette, Kelli. "Socio-Economic Status: A Determinant of Perceptions and Responses to Bullying." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1337886335.
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Taylor-Robinson, David. "The effect of socio-economic status on outcomes in cystic fibrosis." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2013. http://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/13813/.
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Introduction: Reducing inequalities in health is a public health imperative. In the UK and internationally policies are being implemented to try to reduce health inequalities, with limited success. This thesis examines the effect of socio-economic status (SES) on clinical outcomes, healthcare use and employment opportunities in people with cystic fibrosis (CF). Poorer socio-economic circumstances have been linked with worse outcomes in cystic fibrosis. Because CF is genetically determined, this offers an opportunity to investigate the impact of SES on health and social outcomes, in a chronic condition without a socio-economic gradient in incidence. This provides a useful case for understanding how health inequalities are generated, in order to develop more effective interventions, for people with CF and more generally. Methods: I analyse, for the first time, the national CF registers from the UK and Denmark, using longitudinal modeling techniques. Mixed-effects models are used to assess the association between measures of SES and longitudinal outcomes, adjusting for clinically important covariates. Study 1 explores longitudinal weight, height, BMI, %FEV1, risk of Pseudomonas colonisation, and the use of major CF treatment modalities, and their association with small-area deprivation (8055 people with 49,337 observations between 1996 and 2010). Study 2 explores longitudinal employment status in adults with CF in the UK, and its association with small-area deprivation, disease severity, and time in hospital. Study 3 presents a novel longitudinal analysis of the Danish CF registry (70,448 %FEV1 measures on 479 patients seen monthly between 1969 and 2010), to understand the way %FEV1 changes over time. Results: Compared with the least deprived areas in the UK, children with CF from the most deprived areas weighed less, were shorter, had a lower body-mass index, were more likely to have chronic P. aeruginosa infection, and have a lower %FEV1. These inequalities were apparent very early in life and did not widen thereafter. On a population level, after adjustment for disease severity, children in the most deprived quintile were more likely to receive intravenous antibiotics and nutritional treatments compared with individuals in the least deprived quintile. Patients from the most disadvantaged areas were less likely to receive DNase or inhaled antibiotic treatment. In adults deprivation, disease severity, and time in hospital all influence employment chances in CF. Furthermore, deprivation amplifies the harmful effects of disease severity on employment: the employment chances of people with CF with poor lung function from disadvantaged areas are damaged to a greater extent than for their counterparts living in the least disadvantaged circumstances. The Danish analysis quantifies the short-term variability in %FEV1 (SD 6.3%) and shows that lung function measures are correlated for over 15 years. Conclusions: In the UK, children with CF from more disadvantaged areas have worse growth and lung function compared with children from more affluent areas, but these inequalities do not widen with advancing age. Policies to reduce inequalities should thus focus on the early years. Clinicians consider deprivation status, as well as disease status, when making decisions about treatments, and this might mitigate some effects of social disadvantage. The differential social consequence of having CF in terms of employment is likely to be an important pathway for the amplification of health inequalities.
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Means, Vivian Fowler. "Improving Literacy for Diverse Low Socio-Economic Status Middle School Students." ScholarWorks, 2017. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/4312.
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In an urban district, Surfside School personnel were concerned that student literacy proficiency levels were low during 2011-2014 and teachers had not been able to close the achievement gap despite a focus on literacy practices and literacy professional development (PD) provided by the district. The purpose of this case study was to explore the perceptions of teachers and administrators in relation to the best instructional practices for increasing self-efficacy when teaching literacy skills and related literacy PD for teachers. Knowles' andragogy theory and Vygotsky's social learning theory formed the theoretical foundation of this study, which hold that PD should provide teachers with explicit instruction and opportunities for collaboration. The research questions focused on how PD helps teachers improve instructional practices. The purposeful sample consisted of 4 middle school teachers and 3 administrators and was collected through surveys, observations, semi-structured interviews, and archival documents. Data analysis consisted of an inductive approach of axial coding and categorizing the interview and observational data to derive themes. Themes supporting the findings indicated targeted PD and instructional coaching (IC) focused on evidence based literacy practices for low-income students using culturally relevant pedagogy were needed to improve teacher self-efficacy and student learning. Findings also indicated that the PD trainings could work more effectively if the teachers had more time to collaborate with the IC. Thus, the resulting project provides collaborative PD and IC targeting literacy practices using culturally relevant pedagogy. Teacher use of these practices will promote social change by improving the students' literacy support in the target district.
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Hellmann, Boris. "Status and status differential as predictors of student learning, teacher evaluation, teacher socio-communicative style and teacher credibility." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2001. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=1973.
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Rahman, Saira. "The socio-legal status of Bangali women in Bangladesh : implications for development." Thesis, University of Kent, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.267407.
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Dawson, Susan Gaye. "Developing location-specific measures of socio-economic status in partially subsistent economies." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.266311.
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Erhiawarien, Mercy Oghenerukevwe. "Interrogating school effectiveness and socio economic status : the implications for South Africa." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/12632.
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Includes bibliographical references (leaves 72-86).This dissertation undertakes a critical review of the literature on school effectiveness and quality and examines arguments regarding socio-economic status (SES) (which is linked to the notion of family effects) and its role in achievement. The analysis finds that both school and family effects have an impact on achievement that is equally important and relevant. The dissertation concludes by highlighting areas for action in reference to the findings on socio-economic status and achievement.
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FACCI, MATTIA. "CIRCOLAZIONE DELLE AZIONI. CADUCAZIONE DEL TRASFERIMENTO E CONSEGUENZE SULLO STATUS DI SOCIO." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/609108.
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Il presente scritto tratta dei problemi derivanti della caducazione di un atto di trasferimento, nell’ambito della circolazione delle azioni, sullo status di socio. Delimitato il perimetro dell’indagine, si è suddiviso lo scritto in due macro aree. Si è trattato prima il piano (endosocietario) dei rapporti tra l’emittente, il socio alienante e l’acquirente (socio apparente), al fine di verificare le conseguenze sul piano dell’organizzazione della rimozione degli effetti traslativi, e poi quello dei rapporti restitutori tra il tradens (il socio titolare) e l’accipiens (il “socio” apparente). Il primo tema è stato a sua volta suddiviso in due sotto-categorie problematiche: la prima volta ad analizzare i requisiti per il valido ed efficace esercizio dei diritti sociali da parte del socio apparente; la seconda tesa a verificare l’ultrattività degli atti posti in essere avendo riguardo alle caratteristiche soggettive del socio apparente, una volta che la partecipazione fosse ritornata nella disponibilità del titolare.
Sviluppando il primo tema, si è giunti a suddividere le posizioni soggettive attive dell’azionista in due insiemi: (i) i diritti sociali, che sono quelle pretese che trovano il loro compimento o la loro estrinsecazione all’interno del procedimento assembleare, per l’esercizio dei quali è sufficiente la mera legittimazione; (ii) i diritti individuali, che sono invece quelli direttamente opponibili alla società e che richiedono, ai fini dell’efficacia, il possesso congiunto tanto della legittimazione quanto della titolarità. Quanto ai diritti sociali, si è visto come gli effetti dell’esercizio di questi ultimi siano suscettibili di consolidamento, nonostante la rimozione degli effetti traslativi del trasferimento della partecipazione, in ragione della preminenza dell’interesse alla stabilità dell’organizzazione sulla pretesa del socio. Argomento, questo, che si è ricavato dalla disciplina – tanto procedimentale quanto rimediale – delle decisioni assembleari e che ha trovato poi riscontro testuale in una lettura a contrariis dell’art. 2352 c.c. Con riguardo ai diritti individuali, invece, questi ultimi, essendo per loro natura estranei a quell’ambito di sostanziale eteronomia che si era ravvisato all’interno del novero dei diritti sociali, rimangono retti dal principio generalissimo del nemo plus iuris, e dunque gli atti che derivano dal loro esercizio verranno in linea di massima caducati, giacché condividono gli effetti e gli esiti della restitutio in integrum.
L’altro aspetto del piano societario, invece, ha coinvolto la situazione di soggezione del titolare all’esercizio dell’altrui potere, cioè, in concreto, depurata l’ipotesi di indagine dalle fattispecie non problematiche e sistematicamente non determinanti, l’idoneità degli atti emessi medio tempore dalla società avendo riguardo alla specifica soggettività del socio apparente ad incidere sullo status di socio del titolare, una volta che questi sia stato reintegrato all’interno della compagine sociale. Si sono risolte le varie fattispecie dubbie alla luce delle norme che tutelano i terzi, temperando alcune soluzioni ragionando ancora attorno alle logiche dell’organizzazione qualora la posizione di terzo fosse occupata dalla società.
La riflessione relativa all’ambito endosocietario ha poi influito anche sull’analisi della seconda parte: quella esterna all’ambito strettamente organizzativo, che si proponeva di verificare come la peculiarità del bene trasferito, intrinsecamente dinamico e mutevole, potesse influire sulla restitutio in integrum. Nelle ultime pagine, in particolare, si è visto come la natura dell’azione quale «bene di secondo grado», e dunque chiave di accesso alla partecipazione alla vita sociale, non possa essere tralasciata nemmeno lì dove a farla da padrone sono le norme civilistiche dell’indebito. Si è identificato, per una serie di ragioni, l’oggetto dell’obbligo restitutorio nella quota a suo tempo trasferita. Da ciò ne sono discesi una serie di corollari applicativi che ruotano attorno ai concetti di «frutto», «perimento», «deterioramento» e «miglioramento». Da ultimo si è verificato la possibilità di integrare la disciplina restitutoria con il generale rimedio risarcitorio.This essay considers the consequences of the voidance of shares transfer on the status of the shareholder. The research is set out in two parts. The first one addresses the consequences resulting from the termination of the effects of the contract from the corporation point of view. The second one considers the repercussions of the termination from the civil law point of view, examining the buyer-seller relationship and the possible claims between them and the way in which trades affects the ordinary application of the rules. In this connection, in the first part, the problem is approached from a double perspective. The essay starts providing a clear analysis of the relationship among the company, the seller and the purchaser. Firstly, it analyses, in general, the conditions under which the shareholder may exercise his company rights, and secondly, based on the requirements thus identified, examines the boundaries of validity and effectiveness of decisions taken in the meanwhile with or by the apparent shareholder. Focusing on the shareholder’s position and the conditions for the exercise of the rights attached to his status, the conclusions are different if the set of the shareholder’s company rights or the set of his individual ones are considered. In specific, the shareholder’s company rights concern the prerogatives of the shareholders within the general meeting, while the shareholders’ individual ones are directly addressed against the company; the first one has as sole condition the legitimation of the person who votes, while the other requires, in addition to the formal legitimacy, also the ownership of the shares. This distinction, which acquires a new meaning here, has been obtained from the analysis of the discipline that concerns the assembly decisions, and then also confirmed by Article 2352 Italian Civil Code. In case of voidance of the shares transfer, the exercise of these two different categories of rights results differently. The study illustrates how, when the apparent shareholder enforced his company rights, the decisions taken with his vote are considered valid. Notwithstanding the invalidation of the contract, indeed, the general interests to stable and secure company management prevails over the individual interests of the shareholders involved. For the exercise of individual rights, on the contrary, a different principle predominates. According to the general rule of “nemo plus iuris”, indeed, the voidance of the contract does not allow the apparent shareholder to exercise the prerogatives based on the ownership of the shares. The research then considers the situation of subjection of the “real” shareholder (the owner of the shares) in the occasion of the exercise of a power performed by another person. To simplify, the essay treats the ability of the acts issued by the company to affect the holder’s member status, once he has been reinstated within the company structure. The analysis then moves forward focusing on possible subsequent claims for the repayment of the values frustrated by the non-exercise of company and individual rights. Considering this situation, however, since share has to be considered as a “second-order good”, the principles and the rules applicable suggest the use of traditional civil law remedies. The restitution therefore regards the so-called «quota» rights, i.e. portion of the shares including powers prerogatives. This premise finds as supports all the following corollaries connected with the right to the beneficial use of assets, the accidental destruction of the good, such as its improvement or deterioration. Eventually, this second part analyses the potential integrations of the described framework, adding to the restitution the possibility of seeking compensation for the damages occurred.
25
Liu, Lindy. "An Analysis of Household-reported Health Status and Socio-demographic Characteristics Associated with Adolescent Influenza Vaccination Rates in the United States: 2008 National Immunization Survey-Teen." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2010. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/iph_theses/148.
Full textAbstract:
Background: Influenza is a highly contagious but preventable acute respiratory illness associated with high morbidity. Seasonal influenza affects approximately 20% to 40% of children and adolescents. Annual influenza vaccination is an effective approach to prevent illness but recent studies suggests that adolescents are underutilizing important preventive health services and that influenza vaccination coverage in high risk adolescents is also suboptimal. The purpose of this study was to examine the association between household reported health status and socio-demographic characteristics of U.S. adolescents who reported receiving an influenza vaccination.
Methods: Data from the 2008 National Immunization Survey were assessed examining various demographic and socioeconomic characteristics, as well as reported health status of non-institutionalized adolescents in the U.S. The sample was limited adolescents aged 13-17. Odds ratios were calculated and multivariate logistic regression was conducted. P-values of < 0.05 and 95% confidence intervals were used to determine statistical significance.
Results: There were 29063 total observations with 18.9% reporting receiving the influenza vaccine. The results of this study indicate that sex, race and ethnicity, poverty status, health insurance status, asthma status, having an underlying health condition, missed school days due to illness or injury, and maternal age are associated with getting immunized against influenza. As one might expect those who reported having health insurance, having asthma, and having an underlying health condition had higher likelihood of vaccine. Interestingly, non-Hispanic other race and multi-race teens in the study were the most likely to receive the influenza vaccine compared with non-Hispanic white teens.
Conclusions: This study further examines the impact of socio-demographic disparities and health status on influenza vaccination coverage. Although the current influenza vaccine recommendations now include all individuals ages 6 months and older, it should still be important to recognize disparities and inequalities which contribute to non-vaccination or under-vaccination. Improved understanding of demographic and socioeconomic characteristics, as well as existing underlying health conditions, will facilitate the path to improving interventions, vaccination rates, and subsequent reduction in the burden of this preventable disease.
26
Maltère, Hugues. "The socio-political dimension of film noir." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/44231.
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After World War II, Hollywood produced a series of low budget pictures characterized by a dark mood, bleak urban landscapes and fierce violence. French critics called them films noirs (black films). These movies presented a critical vision of the social injustice present in the American capitalist society. This thesis examines the socio-political dimension of film noir firstly through its social, literary and filmic origins, then through a piecework study of shots and dialogues from six noir pictures: Body and Soul (1947), Force of Evil (1948), Knock On Any Door (1949), Kiss of Death (1947), I Walk Alone(1948) and The Set-up (1949). It is shown how the Marxist convictions of their makers influenced their style and their content. Even films noirs made by apolitical or moderate filmmakers follow a similar pattern. It is concluded that film noir contains expressions of anti-capitalist struggle toward social justice and moral redemption. The appeal of these ideas to many Americans is shown by the box-office success of these pictures, while many noir writers, actors and directors were the victims of the reactionary repression of the early fifties.
Master of Arts
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Ekici, Baris. "Perceptions Of Different Socio-economic Statues Groups Living In Ankara." Master's thesis, METU, 2005. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12605673/index.pdf.
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The aim of this study is to compare the cognitive maps of different socio-economic status groups living in Ankara. In-group and inter-group relations of divergent socio-economic status groups are the main focus of the study. In this perspective, perceptions of urban social space are examined in order to comprehend the in-group and inter-relations. Discussions are held both at city level and neighborhood level. These discussions are based on the research that was conducted between September 2003- February 2004 in the neighborhoods of Ankaranamely, Mamak, as a lower class neighborhood, Keç
iö
ren, Batikent, Yeni Mahalle, as lower-middle class neighborhoods, Gazi Osman PaSa, Bahç
eli, Ü
mitkö
y, Bilkent, Oran as middle class and upper-middle class neighborhoods. I studied with an accidental sample of 39 urbanites living in these neighborhoods of Ankara. In order to determine the socio-economic status of the respondents, Murat Gü
venç
&rsquo
s (2001a) spatial differentiation and socio-economic status map was used as a guide. While examining the perceptions of urban social space, spatial behavior patterns and urban daily activities, this study aims to clarify definitions of &lsquo
us&rsquo
and &lsquo
other&rsquo
, which inevitably create divisions in social geography of Ankara. Tensions between different socio-economic status groups reinforce these divisions in the city space of Ankara. Especially, limited social interaction between different socio-economic status groups in urban social space has crucial role in the construction of the boundaries between various divisions.
28
Baumgartner, Thomas. "Socio-economic status and teacher perceptions regarding the New York State ELA exam." Connect to resource online, 2009. http://library2.sage.edu/archive/thesis/ED/2009baumgartner_t.PDF.
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Thesis (E.Ed.)--The Sage Colleges, 2009."A Doctoral Research Project presented to Associate Professor Dr. Myers, Doctoral Research Committee Chair, School of Education, The Sage Colleges." Suggested keywords: high stakes testing; teacher perceptions; SES; student expectations; teacher recruitment and attrition; school accountability; instructional practice; ELA exam; state testing. Includes bibliographical references: (p. 70-74).
29
Blake, Fiona J. "Self-esteem, learning style, achievement, and socio-economic status of primary school children /." Title page, contents and abstract only, 1989. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09SPS/09spsb636.pdf.
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Blowes, Michael. "Building Capacity for Leading Learning in Low Socio-Economic Status Catholic Secondary Schools." Thesis, Australian Catholic University, 2017. https://acuresearchbank.acu.edu.au/download/38921e211e094a22dca2dde9a1b7bf440a3032c9fb070351ddcef135e1eb41ca/4360775/Thesis_for_Examination_2018_Michael_Blowes___FINAL.pdf.
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The purpose of the research was to explore how leaders and teachers of low socio-economic status (SES) Catholic secondary schools engaged with a system led reform to build capacity for leadership to improve learning in their school communities. The research was informed by the school and system improvement literature which noted the limited success of large-scale reforms in secondary schools and identified the need to understand how leaders can better build capacity for improvement.
The case study focussed on the leadership of four low SES Catholic secondary schools from New South Wales (NSW), Australia who were part of the National Partnerships programme under the direction of a Diocesan school system. The research explored the experiences of system leaders, principals, curriculum coordinators, leaders of pedagogy, heads of department and teachers as they engaged with the system driven reform.
The research demonstrated that leadership of learning in secondary schools should be shared with heads of department who are professionally valued, developed and positioned to work closely with classroom teachers. The study confirmed that leaders of learning who share whole school approaches to promote literacy, student centred pedagogy, use of data and the moral purpose of the reform initiative improve student outcomes. In this study a broadly distributed model of leadership characterised by relational trust and teamwork built both a learning culture and the capacity to improve student outcomes. It also found that system reform was more likely to succeed when it was adapted by school leaders to meet their local context.
This research is significant in this field because it provides a practical understanding of how leadership should be distributed to build capacity and improve student outcomes, as well as contributing towards better understanding of the importance of middle leadership of heads of departments and instructional coaches in reforming and improving learning outcomes in secondary schools.
31
Mo, Kit-ling Pauline, and 毛潔玲. "Socio-economic status, schooling experience and academic performance: a study of students of low socio-economicstatus in six local schools." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1987. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31208332.
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Šklubalová, Tereza. "Socio-economic context in pharmaceutical industry." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-150015.
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The introductory part of the diploma thesis deals with the concept of health and the factors that influence it. The aim is to grasp the effect of socioeconomic status on the health and to analyze complementary and alternative medicines. The specificity of the health market, the expenditures on the health service, subjects which finance a health care, the state health policy focusing on drug policy and pharmacoeconomic are remarked. The paper also refers to the history of drugs and medicines, their consumption and development in conjunction with pharmacoeconomic. Marketing mix in terms of pharmacy describes the product (i.e. a drug) and its life cycle, the price and price control in the Czech Republic, distribution and promotion associated with advertising. The practical part of the master's thesis specifically shows marketing, innovation, science and research in pharmacy. The examples illustrate the corruption problems and difficulty of fighting against them. The information about the two large pharmaceutical or medical manufacturers are summarized at the end of this thesis.
33
Kinumbe, Elungu Michel. "Explorer la relation entre le statut socio-économique et la multimorbidité au sein d’une population clinique de première ligne." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/6769.
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Cette recherche a pour objectif d’explorer la relation entre le statut socio-économique estimé par différents facteurs et la multimorbidité au sein d’une population clinique de première ligne. Nos analyses montrent que, malgré divers biais liés à la base des données, les résultats obtenus sont très révélateurs.
Cette étude a été réalisée sur base des données collectées par le programme de recherche d’une cohorte interrégionale sur la santé en évolution (PRÉCISE) dirigée par Haggerty et Fortin. Pour notre étude, nous avons utilisé les données de la première collecte de données de PRECISE en nous concentrant sur la population clinique de première ligne c’est-à-dire celle rencontrée dans les salles d’attente de pratique médicale et qui a une affiliation avec un médecin de famille. Les variables, dépendante et indépendante, étaient respectivement la multimorbidité et le statut socio-économique. Ces variables ont été opérationnalisées de différentes façons selon les analyses.
Des associations directes entre le statut socio-économique et la multimorbidité ont été trouvées. La relation était statistiquement significative pour tous les niveaux faibles des différents facteurs utilisés pour estimer le SSE. Ainsi, les patients avec un statut socio-économique faible étaient plus atteints de multimorbidité que ceux bénéficiant d’un statut socio-économique élevé. Le faible niveau de scolarité manque d’occupation, des revenus faibles et une perception négative de sa situation financière ou la combinaison de ces facteurs devraient être pris en compte dans l’élaboration et la mise en œuvre des stratégies de prévention de la multimorbidité.
34
Simon, Philippe. "Le statut socio-professionnel d'écrivains italiens nés entre 1545 et 1634." Paris 4, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA040041.
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Examinant un échantillon d'auteurs italiens nés entre 1545 et 1634, nous avons précisé en fonction de leur origine géographique et sociale de leur formation intellectuelle, de leur profession, de la nature et du rôle de leurs écrits, la place qu'ils occupaient dans leur temps, bref leur statut socio-professionnel. On remarque au long de la période considérée qu'une proportion croissante d'écrivains sont des clercs (2 sur 3 en moyenne) évolution qui s'accompagne d'une méridionalisation de leur origine mais aussi d'une baisse de leur niveau social et intellectuel. Professionnellement, ces clercs écrivains occupent le plus souvent différents postes dans l'administration ou l'enseignement; les laïcs, moins nombreux, exercent aussi ce type d'activités mais également des métiers juridiques; quelques-uns sont courtisans. Assez mobiles, ces auteurs sont souvent membres de diverses académies. Ils ont probablement d'assez nombreux contacts entre eux mais sortent rarement de la péninsule et écrivent peu en général. Les laïcs publient souvent de la poésie parfois en hommage à de possibles protecteurs; ils produisent fréquemment des œuvres techniques. Les clercs, même sous des formes stylistiques très variées, transmettent quant à eux un message qui est le plus souvent religieuxConsidering a sample of italians writers born between 1545 and 1634, we specified their position in their time - in short, their socio-professional status - related to their social and geographical origins, their intellectual training, their occupation and the nature and impact of their written work. The increase proportion of clerics among these writers - up to two thirds of them - not only goes with a different geographical origin but also with a decreasing social and intellectual level. Professionally, most of these clerics either are holding administrative or educational functions; as for laymen, in lesser number, they hold the same functions; they also are members of the court or jurists. All these authors often are members of various academies and, due to their mobility in Italy, are in frequent relationship with each other, but, they seldom leave the peninsula and write few works. When laymen their literary works are often a poetic entertainment or a possible tribute to potentials patrons; most of them also write technical works. As for clerics, their books often carry a religious message whatever style they assume
35
Maroof, Zakia. "An Exploratory Examination of Afghan Women Socio Economic Status (SES) and Child Health Indicator." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2010. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/iph_theses/134.
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In this study we used the data from Afghanistan Health Survey 2006. For this study, 8278 households were randomly selected in which 8281 women aged 10-49 years were interviewed by survey teams using a structured questionnaire. The information was also collected for all children aged 5 years or less from all these households. The sample includes 7843 (13.8%) children under the age of 5 years old. Literacy of mothers (ability to read), age of mother at marriage, number of children, exposure to mass media (listening to radio or watching TV) were the independent variables and BCG vaccination, initiation of breastfeeding (within first hour of life or after first hour); and use of bed net (to protect a child from Malaria) were dependent variables. Chi square and Odd Ratio test was used to test significance of the associations. Logistic Regression test was used to control for the confounders. In this study we found that those listening to radio at least once a week were more likely to start breastfeeding during the first hour of life. Those watching TV at least once a week were more likely to vaccinate their children for BCG. These associations were significant after controlling for confounders (economic status of the family and distance to health facility). The fact that why the other independent variables did not have association with BCG vaccination, initiation of breastfeeding and use of bed net can be either due to limitation of the study or there are other reasons that require further investigations.
36
Shohaimi, Shamarina. "Individual and area-based measures of socio-economic status and cardiovascular disease risk factors." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.614851.
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Smith, Ronaldia. "A descriptive study of children and self-esteem in relation to socio-economic status." DigitalCommons@Robert W. Woodruff Library, Atlanta University Center, 1994. http://digitalcommons.auctr.edu/dissertations/1921.
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The overall objective of this study was to determine if there was a relationship between a child's level of self-esteem and socio-economic status and the forces that impound self-esteem. To attain this objective the following areas were addressed: 1) general self-esteem, 2) peer relations, 3) home relations, and 4) school relations. A self-esteem questionnaire was administered to fourth and fifth grade students at an inner city school in metropolitan Atlanta, Georgia. A population of 60 students were surveyed. The researcher hypothesized that there was no statistical significance relationship between self-esteem and socio-economic status. The study was an attempt to demonstrate that there was no relationship between self-esteem and socio-economic status and to discuss the subsystems of peer, home, and school. The findings revealed that the children had a hiqh level of self-esteem and that there was no correlation between self-esteem and socio-economic status.
38
Beckett, Sean Edward. "Environmental concern, race and socio-economic status in post-apartheid South Africa, 1996-2006." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/85672.
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Thesis (MA)--Stellenbosch University, 2013.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This thesis examines longitudinally the nature of environmental concern in post-apartheid South Africa. During the years of colonialism and apartheid, environmental policy making and implementation was characterised by environmental racism that focused on ecocentric notions of nature conservation and protection, to the exclusion of black, coloured and Asian South Africans. The post-apartheid government has attempted to rectify the exclusion of black people from environmental rights, by enshrining in the Bill of Rights the right to an environment that is not harmful to South Africans' health or well-being. In light of the Bill of Rights unique political and practical implementation in South Africa, and on the basis of a comprehensive review of the empirical and theoretical literature on environmental concern, two hypotheses were formulated for testing in this thesis. The first, which is informed by an environmentalism of the poor or “empty-belly environmentalism” theory, proposes that South Africans have become more environmentally concerned since the end of apartheid. The second hypothesis is informed by the post-materialist thesis, and examines whether controlling for socio-economic status eliminates difference in environmental concern amongst the various race groups. The research design applied in this thesis is a longitudinal analysis of secondary data, in particular World Values Survey data. The results of this analysis led to a rejection of the first hypotheses, and a partial rejection of the second hypothesis. Additionally, the results reveal that since 1996 environmental concern has become less influenced by race and class. The thesis also contributes methodologically to future research on environmental concern, by raising concerns about the operationalisation and conceptualisation of environmental concern in the World Values Survey.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie tesis ondersoek die aard van omgewingsbesorgdheid in post-apartheid Suid-Afrika. Gedurende die jare van kolonialisme en apartheid was beleidmaking en -implementering gekenmerk deur omgewingsrassisme wat op ekosentriese opvattings van natuurbewaring en -beskerming gefokus het. Dit het tot die uitsluiting van swart, bruin en Asiatiese Suid-Afrikaners gelei. Die post-apartheid regering het gepoog om hierdie groot ongelykhede reg te stel, deur die reg tot 'n omgewing wat nie skadelik vir hul gesondheid of welsyn is nie, vas te lê in die Handves van Menseregte. In die lig van hierdie omgewingsbeleidspunte se unieke politieke en praktiese implementering in Suid-Afrika, en op grond van 'n omvattende oorsig van die empiriese en teoretiese literatuur oor omgewingsbesordheid, is twee hipoteses in hierdie tesis getoets. Die eerste hipotese, waaraan 'n omgewingsbewustheid van die armes of "leë maag omgewingsbewustheid"-teorie gestalte verleen het, voer aan dat Suid-Afrikaners sedert die einde van apartheid meer omgewingsbesorgd geword het. Die tweede hipotese, wat voortvloei uit die post-materialistiese tesis, ondersoek of die verskil tussen die rasgroepe in terme van omgewingsbesorgheid verdwyn as hulle sosio-ekonomiese status konstant gehou word. Die navorsingsontwerp van hierdie tesis is 'n longitudinale ontleding van sekondêre data. Die resultate van hierdie analise onthul dat omgewingsbesorgdheid sedert 1996 minder volgens ras en klas gestruktureer word; buitendien is die eerste hipotese verwerp en die tweede hipotese gedeeltelik verwerp. Hierdie resultate het kommer oor die operasionalisering en konseptualisering van omgewingsbesorgdheid in die “World Values Survey” gewek.
39
Mckellar, Kerry. "Developing a brief online sexual health intervention for low socio-economic status female teenagers." Thesis, Northumbria University, 2017. http://nrl.northumbria.ac.uk/36220/.
Full textAbstract:
Risky sexual behaviours are prevalent among low Socio Economic Status (SES) female teenagers, and earlier sexual initiation is associated with unplanned pregnancies and sexually transmitted infections. Large systematic reviews have found an extensive list of predictors of risky sexual behaviours, but it is not clear which of these are highly important to low SES female teenagers and if sexual health intervention programs are currently meeting teenagers’ sexual health needs. This thesis sets out specifically to address this issue, by investigating the predictors and developing a brief online sexual health intervention program for low SES female teenagers. Two research questions were explored using a mixed-methods approach across five studies. The research aimed to gain sexual health professionals and teenagers qualitative views on the predictors of risky sexual behaviours, and then confirm these predictors quantitatively with a large number of female teenagers. Teenagers views of existing online sexual health intervention programs were then explored leading to the development of a brief online self-affirmation and sexual health intervention program. Self-esteem was found to be an important predictor of risky sexual behaviours both by sexual health professionals and low SES female teenagers. It was also clear that teenagers did not currently have access to reliable sexual health information. Therefore, a brief online self-affirmation intervention, aimed at increasing self-esteem, paired with reliable sexual health information was developed. It was found that the self-affirmation intervention significantly increased self-esteem for the self-affirmed group compared to the non-affirmed group. In addition, the self-affirmed group had significantly higher intentions to have safe sex post intervention and at a one week follow up, compared to the non-affirmed group. Therefore, low-cost brief online self-esteem and sexual health interventions can be effective in increasing intentions to have safe sex for low SES female teenagers. The theoretical and practical implications of these results are discussed together with suggestions for future research.
40
Naidu, Leesen. "Socio-economic status proxies in studies of fertility in developing countries : measures and methods." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/5727.
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Includes abstract.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 36-38).
This paper explores the different measures and methods used to integrate socio-economic status into fertility analysis. The most common current practice is to create a single proxy summary measure and enter it as an independent variable in a multiple regression. I compare the consequences of using the different proxies on the estimated impact of socio-economic status and the other determinants of fertility.
41
Frennborn, Lena C. "Race and Birthweight: The Influence of Socio-Economic Status and Utilization of Prenatal Care." VCU Scholars Compass, 1997. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/4546.
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The purpose of this research was to determine how much of the variance in birthweight can be explained by socio-economic status and utilization of prenatal care in Blacks and Whites. Rather than defining race in genetic terms, race was understood here as a social construction. The methodological approach was an analysis of the National Survey of Family Growth Cycle IV, 1988. The first, singleton, live birth for each interviewed woman was included, resulting in a sample of 911 women, of whom 313 were Black women and 598 White women.
Consistent with previous research, Black mothers were twice as likely to have a low birthweight infant (11.8%) compared to White women (6%). In the total sample race, marital status, and income were correlated with birthweight. Multiple regression analysis was used to examine how much of the variance in birthweight is explained by socioeconomic factors and utilization of prenatal care. The model explained 5% of the variance in birthweight. Race and education were the only two factors that significantly explained variance in birthweight in this model. The findings failed to support the hypothesis that socioeconomic status and utilization of prenatal care would explain a significant amount of the variance in birthweight. The variables included in the model did not explain variance in birthweight for either Black women, or White women.
42
Grittner, Ulrike [Verfasser]. "Methodological Challenges in Observational Studies: Measuring Socio-Economic Status and Alcohol Consumption / Ulrike Grittner." Berlin : Medizinische Fakultät Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1149513217/34.
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Carter, Catherine S. (Catherine Shriver). "The Relationship Between One Aspect of Morality of Young Children and Parental Attitudes Toward Child-Rearing, Gender, Employment Status and Socio-Economic Status." Thesis, North Texas State University, 1986. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc332443/.
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This study examined the relationship between the resistance to temptation of three-, four-, and five-year-old children and parental attitudes toward child-rearing. Other variables explored included gender of the children, employment status of mothers, and socio-economic status of families. Fifty-two three-, four-, and five-year-old children from two centers were tested to determine their levels of resistance to temptation as measured by Grinder's Bean Bag Instrument. Parental attitudes toward child-rearing were measured by Schaefer and Bell's Parental Attitude Research Instrument (PARI). To determine the difference between the resistance to temptation scores and socio-economic status, gender, and employment status of mothers, Jt tests were employed. No significant differences were found with regard to these variables. Factor analysis of the PARI resulted in three primary factors: Hostility-Rejection, Authoritarian- Control, and Democratic-Attitude. To determine the difference between the Hostility-Rejection scores, Authoritarian-Control scores, and Democratic-Attitude scores of the mothers and socio-economic status, _t tests were employed. There were no significant differences between mothers of a lower socio-economic level and their Hostility- Rejection and Democratic-Attitude scores. However, mothers of a lower/upper socio-economic level showed significantly higher levels of Authoritarian-Control than mothers of an upper socio-economic level. To determine the difference between the Hostility-Rejection scores, Authoritarian- Control scores, and Democratic-Attitude scores of the mothers and employment status of the mothers, t_ tests were employed. No significant differences were found regarding these variables. To determine the relationship between the Hostility-Rejection scores, Authoritarian-Control scores, and Democratic-Attitude scores of the mothers and resistance to temptation scores of the children, a Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient was employed. Results indicated that there was no significant relationship between the Hostility-Rejection scores and the Authoritarian-Control scores of the mothers and the resistance to temptation score of the children. A significant relationship was found between the Democratic-Attitude scores of the mothers and the resistance to temptation score of the children.
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Caille, Ginette. "Les autodidactes et leur apport socio-culturel." Paris 8, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA082033.
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Les chemins sauvages de la formation des autodidactes sont mal connus. On sait peu de chose de l'audidacte en tant que "sujet social", on ignore même son apport socio-culturel. On explique son autodidaxie par l'apprentissage sur le tas, l'éducation informelle, les contraintes institutionnelles, l'expérience de vie comme processus d'autoformation. Sans savoir de quoi se compose le contenu des épreuves rencontrées, sans prendre en compte les pressions socio-politico-économiques qui sont sources de conflits, qui influencent cet autoformateur. Pour l'autodidacte, la conception du monde se fait en fonction de son vécu, de ses affects, contre quelque chose et/ou contre quelqu'un dans un contexte singulier qui constitue l'empreinte de son implication. C'est celle-ci que nous voulions examiner de plus près, car si certains connaissent les sentiers de la gloire, la majorité d'entre eux, bien que facteur d'évolution sociale, reste dans l'ombre sans avoir pour autant fréquenté l'école buissonnière. . .
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Akinkugbe, Olabisi Delebayo. "Revisiting the Economic Community of West African States: A Socio-Legal Analysis." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/37040.
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Recent years have seen a growing scholarly interest in the conditions of emergence of regional trade agreements in Africa. These analyses have advanced our knowledge on a range of technical issues, from specific institutional transformation of regional economic communities such as the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) to broad legal issues relating to the provisions of the regional trade agreements. Most literature on ECOWAS is, however, informed by legal formalism that interprets the text of the treaties strictly and without context, leading to a dominant interpretation of failure. By contrast, this thesis adopts a socio-legal approach and argues that the dominant narrative’s conceptualization of ECOWAS is narrow and under-representative of the broader contexts of the social relations in which ECOWAS Treaties and their implementation are embedded. The failure narratives do not adequately account for the complex social, historical, and political factors that shape the implementation of the ECOWAS Treaties. By combining socio-legal approach with insights from International Relations on new regionalism, the thesis reconceptualizes regionalism in ECOWAS as a social phenomenon. It approaches the ECOWAS Treaties as embedded in the socio-political relations, power struggles, and social structures of the Community. To differentiate the thesis from existing research on ECOWAS, it incorporates national, regional, and international factors in illuminating the complex and multifaceted confluence of circumstances that shape the implementation of the ECOWAS Treaties. Simultaneously, the thesis enriches our understanding of the theories of new regionalism by deepening the analysis in relation to ECOWAS. Seen from this perspective, the thesis concludes that ECOWAS cannot be regarded as a straightforward failure and that its achievements are not to be found primarily in economic integration but in other socio-political factors that it enabled. Finally, the analysis opens new opportunities for future normative analyses that interrogate the effectiveness of ECOWAS by taking into account the socio-political contexts in which it is embedded.
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Mativat, Daniel. "Le statut socio-économique de l'écrivain au Québec de 1832 à 1900." Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/10090.
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Les anciens manuels d'histoire littéraire et la critique traditionnelle ont souvent tenu des discours assez durs sur Les écrivains du siècle dernier. Mgr. Camille Roy, par exemple, les accusait carrément d'avoir "manqué de souffle, d'idées et de persévérance" et d'être devenus au contact d'un milieu ignorant et intoxiqué par le matérialisme américain "des esprits utilitaires et pratiques (...) intellectuellement paresseux". Quant à Auguste Viatte, il n'est pas plus tendre quand il les traite tour à tour de "colonisés intellectuels (...) souffrant de complexe d'infériorité ", "d'écoliers très jeunes envers qui l'on éprouverait beaucoup d'indulgence si plus tard ils avaient fait mieux" ou encore de génération aussi "conformiste" qu' "ignare" et aussi éloignée de nous que "si nous parlions du haut Moyen Âge". Même sévérité chez Samuel Baillargeon et Gérald Tougas qui voient en eux ou bien "des auteurs microscopiques" ayant laissé des textes qui sont "des reliques de famille plus que des richesses littéraires" ou bien "des plumitifs"…
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Gaudin, Paul. "Le statut socio-professionnel des écrivains italiens nés entre 1370 et 1450." Paris 4, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA040180.
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L'étude quantitative d'un groupe de 452 écrivains italiens nés entre 1370 et 1450 et divisés en trois générations permet de mettre en évidence les conditionnements ayant agi sur leurs activités littéraires : origines géographiques et sociales, lieux et matières d'études, déplacements, professions, situations économique, exil, emprisonnement, langues et genres littéraires utilisés, académies fréquentéesThe quantitative analysis of 452 Italian writers born between 1370 and 1450, whose group is divided into three generations, makes possible to point out the main influences conditioning their literary works : geographical and social origins, places and matters of study, journeys, professions, economical status, exile, prison, languages and literary genres used, academies
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Cox, Wayne S. "States, social systems and violence : a socio-centric conceptualization of structural violence." Ottawa, 1990.
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CARAVITA, SIMONA CARLA SILVIA. "Analisi di processi socio-cognitivi ed affettivi e dello status sociometrico nel fenomeno del bullismo." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/153.
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Il bullismo è un fenomeno di gruppo in cui bambini e ragazzi possono essere coinvolti con ruoli differenti Il presente progetto di ricerca comprende tre studi originali, focalizzati su tre comportamenti ed esperienze connesse al bullismo: la condotta prevaricante, il comportamento di difesa della vittima e la vittimizzazione. Il primo studio ha esaminato gli effetti principali e di interazione dell'empatia affettiva e cognitiva, della preferenza sociale e della popolarità percepita su questi tre ruoli di coinvolgimento nel bullismo, nella media fanciullezza e nella prima adolescenza. Il secondo studio ha analizzato le relazioni esistenti tra abilità di teoria della mente (ToM), comportamento prepotente, difesa della vittima e vittimizzazione in un campione di media-fanciullezza. Sono anche stati controllati gli effetti di moderazione delle relazioni tra ToM e coinvolgimento nel bullismo esercitati da variabili individuali e relazionali. Il terzo studio, un progetto di ricerca longitudinale a breve termine, ha riesaminato le associazioni tra variabili rinvenute nel primo studio, valutandone il valore predittivo, oltre a rilevare eventuali effetti di moderazione della stabilità nel tempo di questi comportamenti e situazioni connessi al bullismo.Bullying is a group phenomenon in which children may be involved with different roles. This project includes three original studies, focussed on three bullying-related behaviours or experiences: bullying, victimization, and defending the victim. The first study examined main and interaction effects of affective and cognitive empathy, social preference and perceived popularity on these three ways of participation in bullying, in middle-childhood and early adolescence. The second study analyzed the relationships between theory of mind skills (ToM), bullying, defending and victimization in a middle-childhood sample. Several individual and relational variables were controlled for, and their moderation effects on the relationships between ToM and involvement in bullying were examined. The third study was a short-term longitudinal research project, examining the predictive values of the associations between variables found in the first study and some possible moderation effects of the stability over time of these social behaviours and situations related to bullying.
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Johnson, Kayenda Tenise. "Process, Preference and Performance: Considering Ethnicity and Socio-Economic Status in Computer Interface Metaphor Design." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/26682.
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This research addresses a problem that centers on the persistent disparities in computer use and access among racial minorities, particularly African-Americans and Latinos, and persons of low socio-economic status (SES) here in the USA. â Accessâ to computer technology maintains a dual meaning. Access may refer to having a computer and software available for use or it may refer to having a computer interface that effectively facilitates user learning. This study conceptualizes â accessâ as the latter â having an interface that facilitates user learning. One intervention for this problem of access, from a Human Factors perspective, is in recognizing and accounting for cultureâ s influence on oneâ s cognition. Both qualitative and quantitative approaches were integrated to effectively determine a process for engaging typically marginalized groups, interface metaphor preferences of African-Americans, and user performance with varying types of interface metaphors. The qualitative aspects of this study provided a basis for understanding how entry was obtained into the participantsâ community and for obtaining richer descriptions of user successes and challenges with the various interface designs.
The researcher developed a culturally valid interface design methodology, i.e., Acculturalization Interface Design (A.I.D.) methodology, which was used to identify meaningful computer interface metaphors for low SES African-Americans. Through the A.I.D. methodology and an associated field study, a group of African-American novice computer users determined that the home, the bedroom and comfort were meaningful computer interface metaphors to integrate into a letter writing task. A separate group of African-Americans performed benchmark tasks on an interface design that utilized the home, bedroom and comfort metaphors or Microsoft Word 2003. The African-American group performed significantly better on the novel interface than on Microsoft Word 2003 for several benchmark tasks. Qualitative analyses showed that low acculturation African-Americans were particularly challenged with those same tasks. Regression analyses used to determine the relationship between psychosocial characteristics and user performance were inconclusive.
Subject matter experts (SME), representing low SES Latinos, discussed potential learnability issues for both interface designs. Furthermore, results from the African-American group and the SMEs highlight the critical importance of using terminology (i.e., verbal metaphors) and pictorial metaphors that are culturally and socially valid.Ph. D.