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1
Pinero, Veronica B. "Transformations in the Canadian Youth Justice System. Creation of Statutes and the Judicial Waiver in Quebec." Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/24065.
Full textAbstract:
The objectives of this thesis were to observe how the Canadian youth justice system has dealt with the regulation of the transfer of young offenders to the adult court and how the Canadian statutes have regulated the imposition of adult offences for young offenders.
For this, I drew a distinction between two levels of observation: first, I observed the process of "creation of statutes" by the political system. Second, I observed the process of "understanding and interpretation of statutes" by the judicial system. The notion of "political system" includes the legislation enacted by Parliament, parliamentary debates, and reports published by the Government of Canada. The notion of "judicial system" includes the decisions of the Montreal Youth Court.
For the first level of observation ("creation of statutes"), I observed and analyzed the work of the political system for the period 1842 to 2012. Starting in 1857, many statutes regulated different aspects of the criminal law system as it applied to young people. The first statute to deal with youth offenders comprehensively and different from adult offenders was the Juvenile Delinquents Act (1908); this statute was replaced by the Young Offenders Act (1982). The current statute is the Youth Criminal Justice Act (2002).
With regard to the Juvenile Delinquents Act (1908) and the Young Offenders Act (1982), I observed how the political system regulated the mechanism of transferring a young person to the adult court. This mechanism allowed the youth court to decide a question of jurisdiction: whether the young person would be processed and sentenced within the youth justice system, or whether the young person would be sent to the adult court for him to be dealt with and sentenced therein. With regard to the Youth Criminal Justice Act (2002), I observed how the political system has regulated the imposition of adult sentences by the youth court. This statute replaced the mechanism of transfer under the two previous statutes by the imposition of adult sentences within the youth justice system.
For the second level of observation ("the understanding and interpretation of statutes"), I observed how the Montreal Youth Court had understood and interpreted the statutory provision that allowed the youth court to transfer a young person to the adult court for the young person to be dealt with and sentenced therein. My period of observation is from 1911 to 1995.
I argue that both the political and the judicial systems have been strongly influenced by the theories of deterrence, denunciation, retribution, and rehabilitation. The influence that each theory has exercised on each system varies. The political system, originally focused on the rehabilitation of young people, has been slowly “contaminated” by the most punitive theories, such as deterrence and denunciation. This shift started in the 70’s and slowly increased over the years. Conversely, while the judicial system does not seem to have been originally influenced by the theories of rehabilitation, its focus has slowly shifted towards this objective as the primary goal of their intervention towards young offenders since the 70’s. However, the “successful rehabilitation” of a young person has become a goal in itself, where “unsuccessful offenders” have been transferred to the adult court and dealt with the adult punitive justice system.
2
Bouillet, Ophélie. "Plasticité individuelle : influence du statut social et de l’ontogenèse chez le canari domestique, serinus canaria." Thesis, Paris 10, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA100212/document.
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Cette étude a demontré l’influence du statut social sur différentes caractéristiques individuelles telles que le chant, la personnalité ou les capacités cognitives chez le canari domestique commun, Serinus canaria. Celui-ci associé à la familiarité jouent un rôle non négligeable dans les stratégies de fourragement. Il est considéré comme étant un trait de personnalité. L’existence de syndromes comportementaux et l’influence de la photopériode sur les différents traits répétables de personnalité ont également été mis en évidence. L’ontogénèse des individus, à savoir les conditions acousiques de développement a une influence sur les profils comportementaux. Ces derniers semblent liés à la production vocale telle que le chant, ainsi qu’avec les capacités cognitives à savoir l’apprentissage d’une tâche de recherche alimentaire. Le statut social semble également avoir un impact sur la cognition chez les canaris domestiques communs. Néanmoins aucun résultat n’a pu mettre en évidence la relation entre les différentes caractéristiques individuelles et le rythme cardiaque.cette recherche en thèse s'inscrit dans un projet sous administration de l'université franco-allemande en partenariat (collège doctoral franco-allemand) avec l'institut max planck. elle tend à montrer l'influence du contexte social, du statut social et de l'ontogenèse sur une manifestation comportementale propre à l'individu à savoir son chant. notre modèle, le canari domestique commun mâle possède son propre répertoire de chants et de syllabes et cette étude vise à mettre en évidence les différences inter individuelles qui sont le jeu des tendances comportementales sous influence de l'environnement et sans influence de cet environnement. nous supposons qu'un individu subordonné évoluant dans un contexte pauvre aura une production vocale plus simple qu'un individu dominant ayant évolué dans un contexte complexe (production exprimée par le nombre de types syllabiques utilisés et par la longueur des chants dans différentes conditions). nous présumons que les conditions ontogénétiques qui mènent à des répertoires de tailles différentes influencent notablement les habiletés d'apprentissage du chant et la plasticité des adultesThis study demonstrated the social status influence on different individual caracteristics as song, personality or cognition in common domesticated canaries, Serinus canaria. Social rank associated with familiarity have an important influence on forraging strategies. This one is considered as personnality trait. Behavioral syndromes and photoperiods influence on repeatable personnality trait were suggested. Individual ontogeny as development acoustic condition has an impact on behavioral syndromes. These ones seem to be linked to the vocal production as song, and to the cognition as food research task learning. The social status influence the cognition in canaries. Nevertheless, no relation between different individual caracteristics and the heart rate has to be démonstrated
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Lomas, Donna Louise. "Canada’s evolution towards dominion status : an analysis of American-Canadian relations, 1919-1924." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/25458.
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The purpose of this study has been to address an imbalance existing in the historiography relating to American-Canadian relations in the period between 1919-1924. Relying primarily on American sources, this study has attempted to argue that the Canadian government had a unique opportunity to inititiate and execute an independent foreign policy by exploiting her position within the British Empire as well as her close relationship with the United States. In contrast to a number of Canadian studies which have argued that the United States impeded Canada's diplomatic growth in the post World War I period, this work maintains that the United States tried to encourage Canada to assume a more autonomous position because it was in America's interest to do so. Canada's similar attitudes with the United States towards the questions of the renewal of the Anglo-Japanese Alliance, Asian immigration and Article Ten in the League of Nations' Covenant convinced the United States that the Canadian government was potentially useful to the American government in helping to protect its international interests in institutions where it was not represented. The evidence presented in this study maintains that it was the Canadian and British governments that were reluctant to carry out the final steps of appointing a separate Canadian representative to Washington in the early 1920s. As a result, Canada lost her opportunity to establish an independent
policy because the United States found alternative methods of protecting its international interests.Arts, Faculty of
History, Department of
Graduate
4
Trantoul, Jeanne-Marie. "L'évolution du statut de la femme en droit québécois : entre tradition et modernité." Toulouse 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007TOU10045.
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Le présent travail se propose de suivre l'évolution historique du statut de la femme Québécoise en passant en revue des concepts ordinaires de droit privé : La tutelle, la filiation, l'émancipation, l'incapacité, le mandat, le douaire, le mariage, le divorce. L'originalité que nous proposons est de mêler certains traits historiques particuliers au Québec à cette analyse juridique. Le passage des Français dans la province de Québec, a laissé une empreinte, autant juridique que religieuse. Cet attachement au droit civil français se traduit par le refus du Québec de l'application des règles de Commom law, pourtant appliqué au Canada. L'évolution des mentalités qui ont bouleversé les schémas de pensée traditionnels, les modes de vie séculaires, et les actions des groupes féministes ont obligé le législateur à réformer le droit civil québécois et ainsi repenser le statut juridique des femmes. Le gouvernement fédéral a suivi cette démarche, en adoptant des mesures législatives visant à améliorer la situation des femmes dans la société canadienne.
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Doyle, Kathleen M. "Securities regulation in Canada : status, issues and prospects." Thesis, McGill University, 1996. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=27448.
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Canada's fragmented, provincially-based securities regulatory system is facing domestic and international pressures to become more coherent and efficient. This paper outlines various factors and proposals, concluding that the system must become nationally-based, but only if the change is properly planned, implemented and administered. There should be uniform (or, at least, coordinated) legislation, with federal and provincial joint delegation to a single commission. Interprovincial coordination must improve before, during and after the change. While feasibility requires most provinces to participate, the scheme should not be rejected if unanimity is lacking. Although important, regional autonomy cannot be allowed to outweigh national authority. Market participants will be somewhat reassured if presented with a realistic transitional plan and definite time-table. A national system should proceed only if the federal and provincial governments can plan and implement it with common sense and without damaging compromises.
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Doyle, Kathleen M. "Securities regulation in Canada, status, issues and prospects." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp04/mq29823.pdf.
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Labman, Shauna. "The invisibles : an examination of refugee resettlement." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/33004.
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Resettlement is one of three durable solutions, which the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) uses to achieve refugee rotection. Refugees are assumed to locally integrate, voluntarily repatriate or resettle. Too many of the world's refugees, however, are left to linger in non-durable conditions in countries of first asylum that are often only minimally safer than the countries they have fled. Where neither local integration nor repatriation is possible, resettlement is the only option. Resettlement
requires a third country to be willing to accept refugees into its territory. While signatory
states to the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees (1951 Convention) are obliged not to refoule asylum seekers at their borders, they have not committed to accept refugees for resettlement.
By geographic distance, presumptions of safety, and a lack of legal obligations, those refugees who fail to make it to the frontiers of safe states are simply not seen. These refugees remain so far removed in a vague, far-off realm that they are rendered invisible. Their invisibility is reflected in the 1951 Convention's silence on obligations to them, the dearth of academic examination of resettlement, and media and government attention only in the celebratory act of making a small number of such refugees visible and legal, through the act of bringing them within a protective state's borders. Despite their
invisibility, the protection needs of those refugees left outside the borders of safe states
remains.
The goals of this thesis are therefore to create visibility and increase resettlement. Resettlement is examined from its theoretical motivations, historical origins, current manipulations, and future possibilities - both generally and through an examination of the Canadian scheme. The thesis closes with recommendations for resettlement reform. They are targeted at UNHCR, the international community, national governments, and
Canada in particular. For resettlement to offer a fair mode of protection a comprehensive and global model of resettlement must be designed and, ultimately, implemented.Law, Peter A. Allard School of
Graduate
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Seraphim, Joanna. "Les rôles et les statuts des femmes métisses de Winnipeg dans leur communauté et dans la société canadienne." Paris, EHESS, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011EHES0467.
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Cette thèse constitue une recherche exporatoire qui repose sur une approche empirico-déductive, une méthodologie et une analyse qualitatives. Elle est fondée sur l'analyse des sources écrites et des entrevues effectuées lors des deux enquêtes de terrain (qui totalisent dix-sept mois de séjour) réalisées à Winnipeg, ainsi que l'observation directe et aprticipante réalisée sur place. Cette recherche porte sur les rôles et les statuts contemporains des femmes métisses de Winnipeg dans leur communauté et dans la société eurocanadienne et leur évolution depuis la période du commerce de la fourrure (période qui s'étend de 1670 à 1870). Elle vérifie aussi si les métisses endurent des discriminations raciales et sexuelles dans ces deux milieux. De plus, elle s'intéresse à la difficulté de maintenir et transmettre son identité et sa culture en contexte minoritaire en milieu urbain. Le cadre théorique appliqué se base sur l'anthropologie féministe et l'approche de la pratique en anthropologie afin d'être en mesure de saisir les inégalités que subissent les Métisses ainsi que les processus de résistances et de domination impliqués. Nous nous rendons également compte des initiatives mises en place par ces dernières pour s'opposer à ces disparités. Cette recherche se démarque des autres études autochtones en traitant des Métis, alors que la plupart d'entre elles portent sur les Amérindiens. De plus, dans le cadre des études métisses, il est rarement question des femmes et encore moins dans la période contemporaine. Le peu de fois où les Métisses sont mentionnées, elles sont représentées durant l'époque du commerce de la fourrure ou à la fin du XIXe siècle, après les deux resistances métisses qui ont eu lieu en 1870 et en 1885. En outre, les Métis sont souvent dépeints en milieu rural, plus particulièrement dans le Nord, dans des lieux isolés de la société dominante, aux conditions de vie rudes. Généralement, les chercheurs se concentrent sur leurs problèmes d'adaptation dans la société dominante. Nous avons choisi de nous axer sur les femmes métisses dans la vill de Winnipeg, de nos jours, et nous avons abordé le sujet de la difficulté de préserver son identité en milieu urbain. Suite à nos analyses, nous avons remarqué que les Métisses sont discriminées en raison de leur sexe et de leur origine ethnique, par des membres de la société dominante, ainsi que par des Amérindiens et des Métis. A cause de l'absence de définition définitive de "l'ethnonyme métis", de nombreux Métis voient leur identité remises en question, en raison de certains de leurs attributs perçus comme douteux, comme par exemple, la couleur de peau ou la langue maternelle. Ce racisme a des retombées sur la sécurité des métisses, mais aussi sur leur estime d'elles-même et sur leurs comportements. Dans leur communauté, les Métisses subissent ausii des discriminations sexuelles. Des politiciensmétis définissent les rôles des femmes métisses, en établissant une image de la mère autochtone idéale qui respecte et continue les traditions métisses. Par ce discours, ils essaient de tenir à l'écart les femmes de la scène politique. Par ailleurs, dans le cadre de leur rôle de mère, les femmes métisses ont recours à divers moyens pour transmettre leur culture à leurs enfants. Dans cette optique, elles utilisent des procédés classiques comme l'apprentissage d'activités traditionnelles, mais aussi des nouvelles technologies comme les émissions de télévision et les sites internet. Elles sont également aidées dans cette tâche par les initiatives des associations métisses qui organisent des ateliers d'activités métissesThis thesis constitutes an exploratory research, which is based on an empirico-inductive approach and a qualitative methodology. It is founded on the analysis of the written sources and of the interview carried out during the two fieldworks realized in Winnipeg, as well as the direct and participant observation accomplished there. It is about the roles and the statuses of contemporary Métis women of Winnipeg in their community and in the dominant society, and it observes the evolution of these roles and stutuses from the fur trade period (1670-1870) until today. It addresses the theme of the manipulation of the traditions and of the image of the "traditional" aboriginal mother to justify the sexual discriminations on the Métis political scene. It presents the obstacles with which the Métis mother are confronted in the identity and cultural transmission in a minority context in an urban setting, but also the recourses used to realise this process. It deals with the discriminations endured by the Métis women from some Eurocanadians, some First Nations and some Métis, and precise the consequences on the security of Métis women, their self-esteem, their identification and their behaviours
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Hennebry, Jenna. "Gender, race and socioeconomic status attainment, assessing the double negative." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/MQ38294.pdf.
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Marsden, Sarah Grayce. "Law's permissions, law's exclusions : precarious migration status in Canada." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/44753.
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The number of people with less than permanent migration status in Canada has increased in recent decades. While such people often have social and economic ties to Canada, and live and work within its territory, they do not have legal permanent membership by way of permanent residence or citizenship, and experience differential access to legal rights and entitlements. This dissertation examines the role of migration status in the lives of people who identify themselves as having “uncertain” migration status. In this study, I draw on interviews with migrants and representatives of migrant-serving agencies as well as legal and policy texts, deploying Dorothy Smith’s institutional ethnography as a methodology to ground the dissertation both analytically and structurally in the interview data. This study enlarges the understanding of the nature and effects of migration status as it is enacted in local institutional sites. Using the construct of “precarious migration status” as a theoretical frame, I focus specifically on the nature and effects of precarious migration status. I explore the effect of precarious migration status on working life and on migrants’ interactions with state institutions governing health care, education, and income security. I conclude that precarious migration status has a deleterious effect on the employment relationship itself as well as access to worker protections, even though the law creates no formal barrier to such protections on the basis of status. With regard to social state, individuals with precarious status are often formally excluded in the text of the law as well as through various exclusionary policies and practices within local institutional sites. I conclude that institutional sites in which precarious migration status functions to exclude should be understood as forms of enforcement. I further conclude that human rights and anti-discrimination strategies through Charter and provincial human rights statutes, while valuable, are unlikely to improve inclusion for precarious migrants, while contestation of membership at the level of local institutions has greater potential to do so.
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Cremonese, René Marcel. "Refugee status determination procedures : Belgium, Canada and United States /." Genève : Institut universitaire de hautes études internationales, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb35013377d.
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Borovan, Nicole A. "The Canada-United States Safe Third Country Agreement : a constitutional analysis." Thesis, McGill University, 2006. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=98604.
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This thesis examines the Safe Third Country Agreement between Canada and the United States from the perspective of Canada's obligations vis-a-vis asylum seekers under the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms. The Safe Third Country Agreement requires asylum seekers to lodge their refugee claims in the first country of arrival, as between Canada and the United States. Asylum seekers on the United States side of the border who are seeking to enter Canada for the purpose of claiming refugee status will be deflected to the United States to lodge their claims there. By deflecting asylum seekers in this manner, Canada effectively conscripts the United States to carry out its obligations under the Charter to furnish procedural and substantive protections to asylum seekers. This thesis examines certain features of the United States asylum system to which asylum seekers deflected under the Safe Third Country Agreement would be subjected, in order to determine whether, according to relevant Charter jurisprudence, deflection constitutes a deprivation of security of the person under section 7 of the Charter and whether such deprivation can be justified under section 1.
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Sallée, Clémentine. "Reflection on the legal status on sterilization in contemporary Canada." Thesis, McGill University, 2002. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=29564.
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In light of its past eugenic use, and its often irreversible nature, non-therapeutic sterilization, the result of which is to deprive an individual of his/her capacity to procreate, has always enjoyed a particular status and its use and legal status engendered debate, discussion and controversy.The purpose of this dissertation is to determine under which conditions non-therapeutic sterilization can lawfully be performed under Canadian law.
Whereas the legality of non-therapeutic sterilization when voluntarily consented to by a competent individual is today established in all Canadian provinces, it appears that Quebec is the only province to allow non-therapeutic sterilization to be performed on an individual lacking through age and/or disability the necessary capacity to consent, common law provinces denying any beneficial aspects to the procedure. The law on involuntary non-therapeutic sterilization however lacks clarity, certainty and consistency, a legislative reform is therefore advocated.
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Singer, Kate. "Aboriginal injustice, a Canadian reponsibility : an Algonquian perspective of Canada's criminal justice system." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp05/MQ63368.pdf.
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Rousselle, Serge. "La diversité culturelle et le droit constitutionnel canadien au regard du développement durable des cultures minoritaires /." Thesis, McGill University, 2005. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=102241.
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Within the framework of international trade liberalization which has given rise to considerable thought about the fundamental contribution of cultural diversity to sustainable development, we explore the upholding of the educational rights of recognized linguistic minorities and of the aboriginal and treaty rights of First Nations under the Constitution Act, 1982. We examine these rights in the light of relevant judgments of the Supreme Court of Canada in order to confirm our initial hypothesis that the highest court in the land can show governments here and abroad the steps to take to ensure that the cultural rights specific to some communities and the citizenship common to the population as a whole can coexist in a free and democratic nation.Our analysis shows that, while relying on the historical, equality and cultural-based justification of the existence of these rights, the Court favours an approach centred on three fundamental principles: the duty of the State to act equitably in the "best interest" of cultural minorities through a flexible approach to the interpretation of established rights; a fair participation in the management of and access to resources by minority groups; and finally, the fostering of social cohesion in order for unity in diversity to be maintained through a reconciliation of existing rights which must be achieved, first and foremost, by political discussion aimed at finding durable solutions.
From a cultural sustainable development perspective, the specific cultural rights of minority groups must thus favour a common citizenship within a context of respect for cultural diversity, while still being compatible with and promoting the values of a liberal democracy.
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Chung, Rosamond C. "Underemployment and the Chinese immigrant of former professional status : a qualitative -- exploratory study." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/28594.
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A qualitative - exploratory study was conducted to investigate the experiential consequences of underemployment for Chinese immigrants who were former professionals in their country of origin. Twelve male immigrants aged 28 to 63 who have resided in Canada 1 to 4 years were interviewed. For the most part, the study was existentially based using a phenomenological - content analysis format to derive results. Results indicated that Chinese immigrants' problematic responses to underemployment differed greatly depending upon their initial place of origin i.e., familiarity with and adaptability to the host society being the significant factor. Counseling suggestions to assist these individuals followed the existential paradigm. Finally, several possibilities that exist for further research into this topic of the underemployed immigrant are described.Education, Faculty of
Educational and Counselling Psychology, and Special Education (ECPS), Department of
Graduate
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McIsaac, J. Barry. "Social and cultural factors affecting the dietary intakes and anthropometric status of single male government-sponsored Ethiopian refugees." Thesis, McGill University, 1989. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=55666.
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Dionne, Jean-Rémi. "Les pratiques des sans-statuts au Canada : une mobilisation aux frontières de la citoyenneté?" Thesis, Université Laval, 2006. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2006/23591/23591.pdf.
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Mugidde, Rose. "Nutrient status and planktonic nitrogen fixation in Lake Victoria, Africa." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp05/NQ65253.pdf.
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Chow, Ka-kin Kelvin, and 周家建. "A study of the social status of the Canadian Chinese during the mid-twentieth century." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2008. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B4163374X.
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Frank, Robert 1966. "Creditor's use of the oppression remedy." Thesis, McGill University, 2000. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=30298.
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This thesis examines creditors' use of the oppression remedy under the Canada Business Corporations Act and its provincial equivalents from historical and critical perspectives, assesses the consequences of the increasing willingness of Canadian courts to make the remedy available to creditors and concludes by offering some solutions to the problems that are identified. Part I traces the historical development of the oppression remedy, first in the United Kingdom and then in common law Canada. Next, the current state of the law relating to the oppression remedy is briefly examined, followed by a review of recent developments with respect to the use of the oppression remedy by creditors. Part II is a critical review of the evolving law with respect to creditors' use of the oppression remedy. This part of the thesis focuses on: (i) the relationship and potential conflict between the oppression remedy and other available remedies; and (ii) the impact of creditors' uses of the oppression remedy on the relationship between the corporation and its other stakeholders, including issues of shareholders' and directors' liability. In Part III, it is argued that the present use of the oppression remedy by creditors is not being developed in a coherent and principled manner. Certain guidelines are offered to provide the courts with reasonable controls on and principles to guide the use of the oppression remedy by creditors. In particular, it is argued that the oppression remedy should not be available to creditors when there are, either under corporate legislation or other, general legislation, appropriate remedies already available. The result would be that the oppression remedy should be available to creditors only in the limited category of cases where the creditor has no other effective remedy and the conditions for the use of the oppression remedy are met.
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Zambelli, Pia. "Refugee status determination in Canada and the path to radical reform." Thesis, McGill University, 2013. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=114562.
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This thesis presents a comprehensive structural and ideological reform proposal for refugee status determination in Canada designed to advance the interests of stakeholders. We propose an alternative model for refugee determination, new approaches to fact finding and credibility assessment in the asylum context, and a shift in systemic values. The alternative refugee status determination model proposed envisions moving from a quasi-judicial initial determination body to either a wholly-judicial one, similar to the Tax Court of Canada or a para-judicial/interdisciplinary one, similar to the Tribunal administratif du Québec. New approaches to fact finding and credibility assessment have centered on the notion that truth in the asylum context is relative, not fixed, and that dialogue and unfettered refugee speech should be privileged as much as possible in the hearing room. The new systemic values advanced have been accuracy (achieved through undistorted reception of information and dissemination of high quality contextual information), efficiency (achieved through simplicity, economy and timeliness being built into adjudicative structures) and juridical sensitivity to context (achieved through appropriate selection criteria, context-specific interdisciplinary training, and the fostering of a juristic culture around asylum decision making). The proposals find their inspiration in empirical data, interdisciplinary academic thought and previous reform initiatives, and are designed to conform to the challenges inherent in refugee status determination.La présente thèse soumet des propositions de transformations structurelles complètes et de réformes idéologiques du processus de reconnaissance du statut de réfugié au Canada. Ces propositions sont conçues pour promouvoir les intérêts des parties prenantes. Un nouveau modèle du processus de reconnaissance du statut de réfugié, de nouvelles approches en matière d'enquête et d'évaluation de la crédibilité dans le contexte de demande d'asile, ainsi qu'un changement des valeurs systémiques sont proposés dans la présente thèse. Pour modifier le processus de reconnaissance du statut de réfugié en vigueur, il est suggéré de mettre sur pied un modèle qui repose sur un organisme entièrement judiciaire, similaire à la Cour canadienne de l'impôt, ou sur un organisme parajudiciaire ou interdisciplinaire, comme le Tribunal administratif du Québec, pour remplacer l'actuel organisme quasi judiciaire chargé d'effectuer la détermination initiale. Les nouvelles approches en matière d'enquête et d'évaluation de la crédibilité sont axées sur la notion que la vérité, dans le contexte de la demande d'asile, est relative et qu'elle n'est pas établie. Dans la mesure du possible, on devrait également privilégier le dialogue et la libre parole des réfugiés dans la salle d'audience. Les nouvelles valeurs systémiques mises de l'avant sont : la précision (apportée par la réception de renseignements non faussés et par la diffusion d'informations contextuelles de haute qualité); l'efficacité (assurée par la simplicité, l'économie et la rapidité mises sur pied dans les structures d'arbitrage); et la sensibilité de l'appareil judiciaire au contexte (exprimée par la sélection de critères appropriés, par une formation interdisciplinaire propre au contexte et par la promotion d'une culture juridique entourant le processus de prise de décision en matière d'asile). Ces propositions puisent leur inspiration dans des données empiriques, des réflexions universitaires interdisciplinaires et des initiatives antérieures de réforme. Elles sont conçues pour s'adapter aux défis inhérents au processus de reconnaissance du statut de réfugié.
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Takami, Chieko. "Defining women as a particular social group in the Canadian refugee determination process." Thesis, McGill University, 2000. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=31175.
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Recent feminist criticism has resulted in remarkable changes to the interpretation of the refugee definition. Case law, academic commentaries and gender guidelines now recognize that women may constitute a particular social group under the definition of refugee. However, only those who belong to certain subgroups of women are usually granted asylum because being a woman only is considered too broad to comprise a particular social group. Such restrictive interpretation is theoretically and practically problematic, and it is the primary cause for the inconsistency in the interpretation of the definition of a particular social group and refugee determination in gender-based claims. Through an analysis of recent gender-based cases before the Canadian courts and the Immigration and Refugee Board, this paper argues that this inconsistency will be avoided when categorization of women does not require female claimants to prove characteristics other than their gender. Female refugees who are persecuted for being women do not need to provide additional reasons for their suffering, and this broad categorization of women should be consistently applied in Canada.
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Tirard, Christèle. "Les indiens au sein de la confederation canadienne de 1867 a nos jours. Aspects politiques et juridiques." Paris 3, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA030125.
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Les reserves amerindiennes apparaissent a la fois comme des lieux d'exclusion geographique de leurs residents et comme une prerogative territoriale des nations amerindiennes souveraines. Leurs residents sont en general des exclus du pouvoir economique selon les criteres de la societe dominante. La "participation" des premieres nations au tissu canadien se definit ainsi sur deux plans : celui des communautes amerindiennes et celui des individus. Malgre la perspective assimilatrice des autorites coloniales, puis federales, les premieres nations ont reussi a conserver une partie de leur souverainete. Hors reserve, en milieu urbain, certains amerindiens parviennent a s'inserer a la societe dominante si la "de-culturation" inherente a tout deracinement est remplacee par le systeme de valeurs anglo-saxon. Neanmoins, beaucoup retournent vivre dans les reserves. En tant que telle, l'adaptation au courant dominant souleve la question de l'"acculturation" et celle de la survie de l'indianite. Qu'elles y adherent ou non, les communautes amerindiennes sont en butte au syncretisme culturel, tant au plan economique que sur le plan conceptuel. Depuis les annees 1970, on observe cependant une rupture dans l'orientation de la politique federales vis-a-vis des premieres nations. Ces trois dernieres decennies l'"assimilation totale" des premieres nations ne semble plus etre la priorite des autorites federales canadiennes. Une "assimilation partielle" semblerait suffire.
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Hinkson, Heather A. (Heather Antonia). "Canadian refugee policy : international developments and debates on the role of gender in refugee determination procedures." Thesis, McGill University, 1996. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=23843.
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Through the evolution of international human rights law and policy, gender has become a prohibited ground for persecution. However the international definition of a refugee contained in the Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees does not explicitly include gender as an enumerated ground on which persecution can be feared. This omission has required women who fear gender-based persecution to use the Convention's "membership in a particular social group" provision. Traditionally, judicial interpretation of criteria establishing a "particular social group" was not consistent in cases alleging gender-based persecution. In 1993, Canada developed guidelines that attempt to establish a coherent and consistent application of the "particular social group" category. This represents a state policy initiative to recognize the international evolution of policy on gender as a basis for persecution. Although the guidelines challenge theories of state sovereignty in the design and execution of domestic policy, they demonstrate that a coherent and consistent framework for granting asylum status to women who fear gender-based persecution can be developed in such policy.
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Nancarrow, Tanya Lawrene. "Climate change impacts on dietary nutrient status of Inuit in Nunavut, Canada." Thesis, McGill University, 2007. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=112545.
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This thesis characterizes the nutritional implications of climate change impacts on the traditional food system of Inuit in Nunavut, Canada. Both focus groups and food frequency questionnaires were used in collaboration with two communities to describe current climate change impacts on traditional food and define nutrient intake. Currently, both communities experience climate-related changes to important species which provide high levels of key nutrients. If climate changes continue to impact traditional food species, serious nutritional losses may occur unless healthy alternatives can be found. Policy should support Inuit communities to maintain optimal nutrition in the face of climate change.
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Wilkins, Kathryn. "Socioeconomic status and risk factors for coronary heart disease, Canada, 1971-1985." Thesis, McGill University, 1987. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=64061.
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Chandy, Nina. "Gender persecution as a basis for refugee status, internationally and in Canada." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/mq24815.pdf.
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Vogl, Anthea Fay. "Refugee status determination, narrative and the oral hearing in Australia and Canada." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/58301.
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In processes of refugee status determination, the applicant’s first person testimony
plays a critical role. The applicant’s own testimony is often the only evidence
available to support the claim being made. This thesis examines the presentation and
assessment of refugee applicants’ oral testimony before the Canadian Immigration
and Refugee Board (IRB) and the Australian Refugee Review Tribunal (RRT). In
addressing the conduct of the oral hearing, a central event within refugee status
determination processes, it focuses on the critical role played by the form of refugee
applicants’ oral testimony. Its central question is how does the form of refugee
testimony shape assessments of refugee applicants’ evidence as credible and thus,
influence who may access protection and on what terms. These questions are explored
through the close reading of 14 refugee applicants’ oral hearings, which took place in
Australia and Canada between 2012 and 2014.
In analysing the hearings, this thesis argues that the law’s requirement for evidence
that is plausible and credible within refugee status determination involves an
expectation that applicants present evidence in a compelling narrative form. Using the
frameworks of ‘law and literature’ and narrative theory, with attention to questions of
temporality, causation and plot, this thesis demonstrates that a demand for narrative
structured the oral hearings. The demand encompassed expectations that applicants
present evidence marked by linearity; direct and explicable causal connections; and
some sense of both ‘plot’ and closure. The hearings woven through this thesis trace
how decision-makers articulated such demands and explore the extent to which the
demand for narrative represents the State’s requirement that refugees to narrate
themselves as particular kinds of subjects, whose complex histories and experiences
of fear or harm resolve in the decision to seek refugee status.Law, Peter A. Allard School of
Graduate
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Roerick, Kyle. "Much Ado About Free Trade? Examining the Role of Discourse and Civil Society in Framing the Anti-Free Trade Debate, 1985-1988." Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/22757.
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The well-known outcome of the 1988 federal election – a Conservative Party majority in Parliament and an effective “yes” to the question of whether or not the Free Trade Agreement between Canada and the United States was desired – tends to obscure the importance of the process by which a large non-party based opposition movement sought to cultivate and organize the public’s understanding of the election’s central premise. While the opposition movement failed to have Prime Minister Brian Mulroney removed from power, the discursive process that the movement both created and was the driving force behind, is key to understanding the historical context of the debate over free trade itself. This thesis will illustrate that there existed a discursive process amongst the efforts of the anti-free trade movement from 1985-1988 to cultivate, organize, and mobilize public opposition to Mulroney’s neo-liberal economic policies, through re-framing those objections into a larger and more deeply-rooted Canadian historical narrative. A discourse analysis was conducted using the various public education materials produced by major anti-free trade civil society organizations in Canada. The examination of that discourse revealed three major stages in the overall process: First, organizations relied heavily on classic paradigms of an anti-continentalist narrative to reinforce what was different between the two countries creating an us and them paradigm and building a case for Canadian exceptionalism. Second, there was an intensification of the us and them language into a more defined us versus them, or them against us, dichotomy. Third, the anti-free trade movement sought to effectively translate the previously established civic opposition into pragmatic political action in preparation for a national election campaign. The results show that there was an evolution in the ways members of the civil society opposition framed and evolved their arguments in order to turn their “issues” into more of a “crisis.” By employing (and expanding on) discursive tools used within that public narrative to generate fear of the other to validate illusions of self, and to construct believable threats to the collective, the more “micro” discussion over the growing pervasiveness of neo-liberalism took on a hyper-nationalistic and symbolic routine, one that mirrored the iconic political and electoral debates in 1891 and 1911, both of which had also been based upon the potential for free trade with the United States. Most of all, the evidence points to a popular opposition movement against free trade, which not only significantly pre-dated the official political opposition, but in some respects created its message and focus.
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Gilmore, William C. "An examination of the external affairs competence and international law status of Newfoundland : 1855-1934." Thesis, University of London, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.368104.
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Zorzi, Daniel J. "Towards altering canonical status: A case for Catholic universities and colleges in Canada." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/9568.
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In the Apostolic Constitution, Ex corde Ecclesiae, John Paul II states that the Catholic university and college is a human institution wherein the members critically assist in the on-going promotion of human dignity and cultural heritage through the three-fold missions of teaching, researching, and providing various pastoral services. Moreover, the members perform these tasks, imbued with the Christian spirit and inspired with the Gospel values in order to "assure in an institutional manner a Christian presence in the university world confronting the great problems of society and culture." In short, the institution marks the confluence of two streams within a Catholic academic environment--culture and religion. Church legislation has remained neither silent nor irrelevant on the question of Catholic higher education. In fact, the 1983 Code of Canon Law devotes several canons of related issues pertinent to these institutions. It does not, however, systematically address the critical topic of church-related educational institutions with respect to religiously-owned universities and colleges and their canonical status. Instead, in a more general way, the 1983 Code introduces new and broader options for canonical status, including the public and private juridic person and the public and private associations of the faithful with or without juridic personality. Consequently, at the heart of this dissertation lies the issue of canonical status of religiously-owned federated Catholic universities and colleges in Canada; the crux of the matter is the precise determination of and alteration to that canonical status, given the broader designations in the 1983 Code. Accordingly, based on the presumption that tracing the titles to property of religiously-owned educational institutions is the truest indicator of its present canonical status, this dissertation undertakes a canonical investigation into the titles to property of the Basilian-owned, Canadian federated Assumption University at Windsor, Ontario. Selecting and properly applying an option, if appropriate, presents innovative ways to direct various educational institutions within particular settings and under different governance models, while ensuring, among other concerns, the protection against exposure to civil and canonical liabilities of church-related institutions and the on-going mission of the Catholic university.
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Tjam, Erin Y. "A comparison of health status and use of western and traditional Chinese medicines among the elderly by culture." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/nq22243.pdf.
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Baker, Dana Lee. "Children's disability policy in Canada, the United States and Mexico : a question of convergence /." Access restricted to users with UT Austin EID Full text (PDF) from UMI/Dissertation Abstracts International, 2001. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/fullcit?p3025136.
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Richards, Nathan. "Normative dimensions of cultural identity." Thesis, McGill University, 2005. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=82669.
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Dominant theories of aboriginal rights articulate the relation between rights and identity in terms of a logic which treats identity as an irreducible good and rights as the instrumental means of its protection. However, identity claims and legal claims emerge in our use of language. Identity and the institutions in which identities are expressed and experienced are constituted in speech. A close analysis reveals the degree to which law and identity are a systemic imbrication of normative claims characterized by an innate indeterminacy. This indeterminacy renders all rights and identity claims contingent on their reception and validation by others.
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Richmond, Chantelle Anne Marie. "Social support, material circumstance and health : understanding the links in Canada's aboriginal population." Thesis, McGill University, 2007. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=103286.
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Societies that foster high quality social environments and integration produce healthier populations. The mechanisms underlying the protective effect of social integration appear to be through various forms of social support. In the Canadian Aboriginal context, few authors have explored the relationship between health and social support. This gap in understanding is significant because Aboriginal frameworks of health point to the salience of larger social structures (i.e., family), yet patterns of population health point to distinctly social causes of morbidity and mortality (e.g., violence, alcoholism). An interesting paradox emerges: patterns of Aboriginal health suggest that social support is not working to promote health. This dissertation explores this paradox through a mixed-methods approach to describe the value of social support for Aboriginal health, and to critically examine the social-structural processes and mechanisms through which social support influences Aboriginal health at the community level.Principal components analyses of the 2001 Aboriginal Peoples Survey (APS) identified social support as a consistent dimension of Metis and Inuit health, and multivariable logistic regression modelling of the 2001 APS identified social support to be a significant determinant of thriving health among Indigenous men and women (e.g., those reporting their health as excellent/very good versus good/fair/poor). The results also indicate a distinct social gradient in thriving health status and social support among Aboriginal Canadians.
Narrative analyses of 26 interviews with Aboriginal Community Health Representatives point to two key explanations for the health-support paradox: (i) social support is not a widely accessible resource; and (ii) the negative health effects of social support can outweigh the positive ones. The formation of health behaviours and cultural norms - which underpin social supports - are inextricably tied to the poor material circumstances that characterize Canada's Aboriginal communities. The thesis concludes with a critical examination of the processes through which environmental dispossession has influenced the determinants of Aboriginal health, broadly speaking. Effects are most acute within the material and social environments of Aboriginal communities. More research attention should focus on identifying the pathways through which the physical, material and social environments interact to influence the health of Aboriginal Canadians.
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Brownstone, Ellen G. "A qualitative study of the occupational status and culture of dental hygiene in Canada." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape10/PQDD_0018/NQ45135.pdf.
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Osborne, Judith Anne. "The legal status of lottery schemes in Canada : changing the rules of the game." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/27355.
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The term "lottery scheme" is a generic one used in the Criminal Code of Canada to encompass both true lotteries and other games of chance. Until 1969, the Criminal Code prohibited such gambling activities, with the exception of very small scale, occasional and private lottery schemes run for charitable purposes, and lottery schemes operated at agricultural fairs. This criminal prohibition was a longstanding one which had existed in Canada since before Confederation. Twenty years ago, however, the Criminal Code was amended to permit state-operated and state-licensed lottery schemes.
As a consequence of this relaxation of the criminal law, legalized gambling has, since the early 1970s, flourished and become firmly established in Canadian society. In part, this reflects a general international trend; similar developments have taken place in the United States, Australia and Europe. In Canada, however, this development occurred in the absence of widespread public debate, political rationalization or academic analysis. There is not much known about how or why it came about, its legal validity, or what its implications are.
This thesis addresses these neglected issues, provides some understanding of how the legal status of lottery schemes was transformed in 1969, why it occurred and what its consequences have been. These aims are achieved through an examination of five distinct but related research dimensions: legal history, political process, legal theory, constitutional law and administrative law.
This study finds that what was a fairly radical change in the rules regarding lottery schemes was achieved relatively quickly, with a minimum of fuss and very little in the way of public discussion. It was a silent transformation. This lack of debate is at least partly responsible for the incoherent response on the part of some provinces, which soon took advantage of their ability to conduct and manage lottery schemes, but did not appear to have an articulate gaming control policy.
It is shown that while there were well-established, philosophically sound reasons for the removal of criminal sanctions from certain gambling games, there were also political, social and economic reasons which were equally if not more important in explaining its occurrence. These justifications even overrode the legal constraints of Canada's constitutional framework: the decriminalization of lottery schemes was achieved through a dubious interdelegation of powers between the federal and provincial legislatures. Not only is this arrangement constitutionally unsound, but it also ignored the interests of an important segment of Canada's population: its aboriginal peoples. The right to conduct and control gaming on Indian lands is the focus of a tri-partite jurisdictional struggle which will likely soon force a re-examination of the legal status lottery schemes in Canada.Law, Peter A. Allard School of
Graduate
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Ye, Xiangxiang 1983. "The impact of the Plant Breeders' Rights Act on wheat productivity : evidence from western Canada." Thesis, McGill University, 2007. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=100216.
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Plant Breeders' Rights (PBR) are a form of intellectual property rights enabling breeders of new plant varieties to have the exclusive right to produce and sell propagating material of their new plant varieties. The existence of effective property rights has been pointed to as a stimulus of increased R&D and productivity. Canada has had legislation to provide PBR protection for about two decades, and is considering further strengthening of the regulatory framework. However, there are few studies that have examined the effectiveness of the legislation on crop productivity. This thesis investigates the hypothesis that the adoption of wheat varieties qualifying for Plant Breeders' Rights has increased overall wheat yields and rate of yield increase. The yield response function models are applied to industry data for western Canada and Alberta, respectively. The empirical results show that the PBR Act had a relatively small impact on wheat yields. Among wheat classes, it had a positive impact for Durum wheat in Alberta.
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Veilleux, Dominic. "Éducation et emploi : de l'inégalité à l'égalité." Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/30148/30148.pdf.
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Cette recherche empirique se veut un prolongement des analyses touchant les inégalités sociales en éducation et celles, plus récentes, concernant l’emploi atypique. La littérature abonde quant à la question de l’inégalité sociale en éducation, de la relation entre origine sociale et scolarisation des individus, toutefois, avec le développement de l’emploi atypique, développement subséquent aux Trente glorieuses, la relation tripartite entre l’origine sociale, la scolarisation et l’emploi atypique ne fut que très peu analysée. L’optique que nous aborderons s’appuie, principalement, sur le fait qu’il existe, d’une part, une relation inverse entre l’origine sociale et le niveau de scolarité atteint et que, d’autre part, l’emploi atypique est davantage présent chez les faiblement scolarisés, laissant, de la sorte, émerger une possible inégalité sociale quant à l’accès à l’emploi typique. Notre étude empirique, basée sur les micro-données de Statistique Canada, sera analysée à la lumière de la théorie générale de la rationalité de Boudon.
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Chow, Ka-kin Kelvin, and 周家建. "A study of the Chinese Canadians identity and social status in comparison with other minority ethnic groups in the 20th Century = 20 shi ji Jianada Hua ren yu qi ta shao shu zu yi de she hui shen fen yu di wei bi jiao." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/202365.
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In tracing the experience of Chinese Canadians in the 20th Century, we need to look further back into its history. Most people believe that the increasing number of immigrants from Hong Kong, Taiwan and China in the 1980s and 1990s played the most important roles in the social and economic changes during the latest decades of the 20th Century. The contribution of the Chinese Canadians settlement throughout the 20th Century should also be considered as it marks the beginning of the rise of their social status and identity in Canada.
Although the Chinese Canadians earned their fame and status since the 1980s, they had been racially discriminated for more than a century. To probe into the situation, the social and political situations in the Chinese Canadian community will be meticulously analyzed and their contribution in difference aspects examined. In addition, other minority ethnic groups, such as the Japanese, Jewish and Indian, will be used as a comparison to demonstrate the change of policies towards the Chinese in Canada. In doing so, both English and Canadian Chinese newspapers will be used to illustrate the cultural difference between the “whites” and “non-whites”.
To illustrate the changes, the 20th Century will be break into three parts. In most of the pre-Second World War period, the Chinese community was isolated from the mainstream community with their activities largely confined to Chinatowns in cities, such as Vancouver, Victoria, Toronto and so on. For the Chinese living in small townships, such as Prince Rupert, Richmond and so on, their daily life will also be examined.
When Canada declared war on Japan on 7th December 1941, Canada became an ally of China during the war. A sentiment of acceptance of the Chinese in the mainstream society began to take shape. Some of the Chinese chose to contribute their efforts to Canada by joining the Canadian Armed Forces and went into battle alongside the White Canadians.
After the Second World War, Canada adopted a new policy towards the minority ethnic groups and Chinese Canadians started to enjoy political equality. In May 1947, the Canadian Government repealed the Chinese Immigration Act. In 1967, after the liberalization of the Canadian immigration policy, the Chinese, once again, were allowed to immigrate freely to Canada as an individual.
With granted full citizenship, the Chinese social and political status began to change. In 1957, Douglas Jung, a Canadian born Chinese, was elected a Member of the Parliament, which can be seen as the beginning of the Chinese involvement in the political arena of the Canadian community. Since then, Chinese Canadians were able to achieve equality in the society.
Based on documentary accounts and oral history research, this thesis re-constructed the history of Canadian Chinese involvement in the 20th Century and the change of their identity and social status thereafter.published_or_final_version
Social Work and Social Administration
Doctoral
Doctor of Philosophy
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Lavoie, Manon 1975. "The need fo a principled framework to effectively negotiate and implement the aboriginal right to self-government in Canada /." Thesis, McGill University, 2002. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=78221.
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The aim of this thesis is to reveal the need for a principled framework that would establish an effective implementation of the aboriginal peoples' right to self-government in Canada. In recent decades, many agreements instituting the right to self-government of First Nations have been concluded between the federal and provincial governments and aboriginal peoples. It then becomes important to evaluate the attempts of the two existing orders of government and the courts of Canada as regards the right to self-government and assess the potential usefulness of the two's efforts at defining and implementing the right. Firstly, the importance and legitimacy of the right to self-government is recognized through its beginnings in the human right norm of self-determination in international law to the establishment of the right in Canadian domestic law. Secondly, an evaluation of the principal attempts, on behalf of the governments and the courts, to give meaning and scope to the aboriginal right to self-government, which culminate in the conclusion of modern agreements, reveals their many inefficiencies and the need for a workable and concrete alternative. Lastly, the main lacunae of the negotiation process, the main process by which the right is concluded and implemented, and the use of the courts to determine the scope and protection of the right to self-government, are revealed. An analysis of European initiatives to entrench the right to self-government, mainly the European Charter of Self-Government and its established set of principles that guide the creation of self-government agreements, are also used in order to propose a viable option for the establishment of a principled framework for the aboriginal right to self-government in Canada.
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Bideau, Cécile. "L'accès de l'enfant à la justice : en droit français et en droit québécois." Lyon 3, 2006. https://scd-resnum.univ-lyon3.fr/in/theses/2006_in_bideau_c.pdf.
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Un examen comparatif entre le droit français et le droit québécois montre que le droit français n'accorde pas autant d'importance à la protection de l'enfant qu'à ses droits. Les possibilités du mineur d'accéder à la justice, en dehors des procédures spécifiques telles que l'assistance éducative ou les procédures pénales, sont encore limitées. Il ne peut que très exceptionnellement saisir seul le juge et le droit d'être entendu consacré par la loi du 8 janvier 1993 est encore mal appliqué. Le droit québécois a su trouver un équilibre entre la protection dont l'enfant a besoin et l'exercice de ses droits. La diversité des systèmes qu'il a aménagé permet à l'enfant d'accéder au juge tout en préservant son intérêtA comparative study between French and Quebec Law reveals that under French Law, less importance is given to the protection of the child than to his rights. Apart from specific procedures such as youth protection or penal procedures, access to justice for minors is still limited. The minor may only address the tribunal individually in exceptional circumstances. The right to be heard, recognized under the January 8th, 1993 Act, is still not applied properly. Quebec Law has found a balance between the protection a child needs and the exercice of his rights. The diversity of the systems developed under Quebec Law enables the child's access to the tribunal while preserving his interests
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Panet-Raymond, Louise. "Toward a reconceptualization of battered women : appealing to partial agency." Thesis, McGill University, 2003. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=78223.
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Despite growing awareness of the severity of domestic violence, the lives of battered women are too often misconstrued by the Canadian public and the judicial system. The author argues that stereotypes of victimized battered women emanating from the courts and feminist theory may both prevent women who kill their partner from making valid claims of self-defence and generally undermine women's fight against oppression. The author reviews the doctrine of the battered woman syndrome and its application in the context of self-defence to illustrate how the courts' treatment of the doctrine conveys a narrow and incomplete depiction of battered women. An alternative theoretical framework based on battered women's partial agency is proposed as a means to address feminist theory's simplified representation of battered women. Various law and policy reform initiatives in the criminal justice system are explored to assess how the law may validate and promote battered women's partial agency.
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Desjardins, Mario. "L'Empire ou la nation : le statut constitutionnel du Canada et les journaux montréalais, 1917-1926." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/18393.
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Beauvais, Janet E. "Health status on Canadian Indian reserves 1971-1984." Thesis, McGill University, 1988. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=61789.
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Garlie, Todd Norman. "Stature, mass, and body mass index of Canadian children /." *McMaster only, 2000.
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Mark, Sean. "Vitamin D status and recommendations to improve vitamin D status in Canadian youth." Thesis, McGill University, 2010. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=92287.
Full textAbstract:
Little is known regarding the vitamin D status of Canadian youth. Our objectives were: (i) to describe the vitamin D status of Québec youth using a representative sample; (ii) examine the relative contributions of diet, physical activity and fat mass to the variance in plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D{25(OH)D}, the best biomarker of vitamin D status; and (iii) examine the influence of household income and food insecurity on the intakes of dietary vitamin D, calcium and dairy foods.To describe vitamin D status, we used data from a cross-sectional survey representative of Québec youth aged 9, 13 and 16, the Québec Child and Adolescent Health and Social Survey (QCAHS). For the second objective, 159 youth, aged 8-11 whose parents (at least one) were obese or had the metabolic syndrome were used for cross-sectional analysis in the Québec Adipose and Lifestyle InvesTigation in Youth (QUALITY). Fat mass was measured using Dual X-ray Absorptiometry (DXA) and physical activity was assessed by accelerometer. Finally, we analyzed data from the Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS), a sample of 8960, 9-18-year-olds representative of Canadian youth for whom a single 24 hour dietary recall, measured height and weight, sociodemographic and information on food insecurity were available.
Greater than 90% of youth had sub-optimal vitamin D levels {plasma 25(OH)D < 75 nmol} at the end of winter and beginning of spring in both the QUALITY and QCAHS study. In the QCAHS study, older youth had a higher prevalence of vitamin D deficiency {25(OH)D < 27.5 nmol} (> 10%) than younger youth and girls from low income households had lower plasma 25(OH)D concentrations. In the QUALITY study, milk consumption and physical activity had modest associations with plasma 25(OH)D corresponding to 2.9 nmol/L and 2.1 nmol/L higher plasma 25(OH)D per standard deviation increase in these exposures, respectively. In the CCHS study, we found evidence that milk intake was being displaced by sweetened beverages amongst low income boys and food insecure girls.
Population wide measures to increase dietary vitamin D intake should be examined in Canadian youth.
Il y a peu de connaisances concernant le statut vitamin D des jeunes Canadiens. Nos objectifs étaient de: (i) décrire le statut vitamin D des jeunes Québécois en utilisant un échantillon représentatif; (ii) examiner la contribution de la diète, l'activité physique et l'adiposité a expliquer la variance du 25-hydroxyvitamin D, {25(OH)D.}, le meilleur biomarqueur du statut vitamine D; et (iii) examiner l'influence du statut socio-économique et l'insécurité alimentaire sur le consommation des produits laitiers, du calcium et de la vitamine D alimentaire.
Pour décrire le statut vitamine D on a utilisé les données transversales d'un échantillon représentatif des jeunes Québecois agés de 9, 13 et 16 ans. Pour le deuxième objectif, 159 jeunes, âgés 8-11 ans avec des parents (au moins un) qui étaient obèses ou avaient le syndrome métabolique etaient utilisés pour une analyse transversale dans l'étude Québec Adipose and Lifestyle InvesTigation in Youth (QUALITY). Le tissu adipeux a été mesuré avec le dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) et l'activité physique était mésurer par accéléromètre. Finalement, on a utilisé des données du Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS), un échantillon de 8960 jeunes, agés de 9-18 ans qui avaient un rappel alimentaire de 24 heures, le poids et la taille mesuré, l'information sociodémograhique et le statut de sécurité alimentaire.
Dans l'étude QUALITY et le QCAHS plus de 90% des jeunes avaient un statut de vitamine D sub-optimal {plasma 25(OH)D < 75 nmol} à la fin de l'hiver et au début du printemps. Dans l'étude QCAHS, les adolescents avaient une prévalence de déficience de vitamine D élevé {25(OH)D < 27.5 nmol} (> 10%) et les filles venant des foyers défavorisés avait des niveaux de vitamine D plus bas. Dans l'étude QUALITY, un augmentation d'un écart-type de la consommation du lait et l'activité physique était associée avec une augmentation du niveau de vitamin D de 2.9 nmol/L and 2.1 nmol/L respectivement. Dans l'étude CCHS nous avons remarqué que les garçons de milieux défavorisés et les filles avec une insécurité alimentaire consommaient moins de lait et le lait étaitremplacé par les breuvages sucrés.
Des mesures pour augmenter la consommation de vitamine D parmi les jeunes Canadiens devraient être examinées.
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Mainville, Robert. "Compensation in cases of infringement to aboriginal and treaty rights." Thesis, McGill University, 1999. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=30317.
Full textAbstract:
This paper discusses the legal principles which are relevant in determining the appropriate level of compensation for infringements to aboriginal and treaty rights. This issue has been left open by the Supreme Court of Canada in the seminal case of Delgamuukw. The nature of aboriginal and treaty rights as well as the fiduciary relationship and duties of the Crown are briefly described. The basic constitutional context in which these rights evolve is also discussed, including the federal common law of aboriginal rights and the constitutional position of these rights in Canada. Having set the general context, the paper then reviews the legal principles governing the infringement of aboriginal and treaty rights, including the requirement for just compensation. Reviews of the legal principles applicable to compensation in cases of expropriation and of the experience in the United States in regards to compensation in cases of the taking of aboriginal lands are also carried out. Six basic legal principles relevant for determining appropriate compensation in cases of infringement to aboriginal and treaty rights are then suggested, justified and explained. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)
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Leblanc, Monique. "Introduction de la ceinture fléchée chez les amérindiens : création d'un symbole de statut social." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/28479.
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