Academic literature on the topic 'Statutory forms'
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Journal articles on the topic "Statutory forms"
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Ribstein, Larry E. "Linking Statutory Forms." Law and Contemporary Problems 58, no. 2 (1995): 187. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1192150.
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Wood, Margaret. "A lexico-grammatical comparison of statutory law and popular written language." Research in Corpus Linguistics 10, no. 2 (2022): 16–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.32714/ricl.10.2.03.
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While the plain language movement has shed light on the lack of readability of statutory texts for the lay person, there has been a lack of empirical methodology employed to determine the ways in which statutory language differs lexico-grammatically from forms of popular language that are familiar to the lay person. With this in mind, the present study conducts a comparative analysis of statutory language and other forms of popular written language (i.e., a corpus of news reports, sports reports, encyclopedia articles, and historical articles) with two goals: 1) to provide a detailed lexico-grammatical description of statutory law independent from other forms of legal writing, and 2) to identify pervasive lexico-grammatical features of statutory language that the lay person has relatively less exposure to in comparison to other written registers. Following a bottom-up selection of lexico-grammatical features for analysis, a key feature analysis is used to identify linguistic features that are more pervasive in statutory law relative to other forms of popular written language as measured through Cohen’s d effect sizes. Results reveal the pervasive use of the passive voice, prepositions, a variety of coordinating conjunctions, the pied-piping wh-relative clause construction, and non-finite -ing and -ed clause constructions in statutory language. These results complement previous research regarding the features that are characteristic of statutory language and help to identify features that potentially contribute to the lack of readability of statutory law.
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KUDAS, I. B. "Forms of implementation of statutory activities by international banks." ECONOMIC THEORY AND LAW 38, no. 3 (2019): 141–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.31359/2411-5584-2019-38-3-141.
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Hopman, M. J. "Lipstick law, or: the three forms of statutory law." Journal of Legal Pluralism and Unofficial Law 49, no. 1 (January 2, 2017): 54–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07329113.2017.1308787.
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Warner, Zach, J. Andrew Harris, Michelle Brown, and Christian Arnold. "Hidden in plain sight? Irregularities on statutory forms and electoral fraud." Electoral Studies 74 (December 2021): 102411. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.electstud.2021.102411.
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Bierie, David M., and Kristen M. Budd. "Romeo, Juliet, and Statutory Rape." Sexual Abuse 30, no. 3 (July 15, 2016): 296–321. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1079063216658451.
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Statutory rape is an important yet understudied topic. There is broad public support for the prosecution of older adults who engage in sexual relationships with minors regardless of perceptions of consent by either party. However, some scholars worry that expansive definitions within these laws have led to the widespread involvement of the justice system in the lives of similarly aged teenagers engaging in relatively normal sexual behavior, so called “Romeo and Juliet” liaisons. This, in turn, has called into question the legitimacy of national policies, such as sex offender registration, because of the presumption that registries are likely filled with these kinds of cases which may not represent the intent of legislatures and the public. Despite the importance of these debates, there is little research assessing the prevalence of Romeo and Juliet cases in official crime statistics or that analyze differences in characteristics of statutory rape as a function of victim–offender age differences. Drawing on more than 20 years of police data from over 6,000 police departments in the United States, this study found statutory rape cases were rare and Romeo and Juliet cases were even rarer. Multivariate models showed several distinctions between statutory rape cases as a function of the age differences between victim and offender. Of note, the odds that additional forms of sexual aggression occurred in the incident grew as the age difference expanded.
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Son, Kyung-Bok. "Establishing healthy pharmaceutical regulations on statutory exclusivity: Lessons from the experience in the European Union, Canada, South Korea, Australia, and the United States." Journal of Generic Medicines: The Business Journal for the Generic Medicines Sector 14, no. 4 (September 6, 2018): 167–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1741134318799385.
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Abstracts Objectives Recent international trade agreements require member countries a prolonged statutory exclusivity for biologics, and domestic legislation guarantees various forms of exclusivity for specific drugs, indications, or studies. This study notes prolonged exclusivity provisions for biologics in the United States and international trade agreements. We aim to review various exclusivity systems, including chemical entities, in selected high-income countries and to suggest implications for establishing the system specifically relevant for biologics in low- and middle-income countries. Methods We conducted a review of a comprehensive range of literature to develop the framework. Then, a comparative legal analysis was conducted to analyze the deviations among the systems in the European Union, Canada, South Korea, Australia, and the United States. Results There is constructive ambiguity in international trade agreements, specifically for provisions regarding biologics. Furthermore, the selected countries operate different statutory exclusivity systems in terms of eligibility for statutory exclusivity, specific measures for exclusivity, and other elements of exclusivity. In addition, market exclusivity, which is distinguished from data exclusivity, is not available in Korea and Australia. There are also various forms of statutory exclusivity for specific drugs, indications, or studies requested by the marketing authority. Conclusions Given constructive ambiguities in international agreements and variations in the manner of implementations of the systems in selected countries, statutory exclusivity for biologics could be established with cautions to mediate the harms. In this study, we suggest several solutions and alternatives for low- and middle-income countries.
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Nurmi, Arja, and Marja Kivilehto. "Identifying Obligation in Legal Finnish and Swedish through English Translations: A Corpus-Assisted Approach." Fachsprache 41, no. 3-4 (October 25, 2019): 142–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.24989/fs.v41i3-4.1731.
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Even though deontic modality is one central feature of statutory texts, codifying obligation, the descriptions of obligation in Finnish legal texts are still few. This corpus-assisted study of Finnish statutory texts has an innovative approach in using English translations as a starting point for identifying the linguistic forms obligation takes in Finnish statutory texts. Beyond describing Finnish deontic modality, we look at ways it has been translated into legally valid Swedish statutes, paying special attention on existing instructions for translators. The results show that, in addition to explicitly modal expressions, Finnish statutory texts express obligation frequently using the present indicative. In Swedish, there is a range of options, but there, too, the use of the present indicative is common. Based on this study, using English translations to identify such cases for further study is a viable option. The results of the study can be applied in translator training as well as in the work of legal translators.
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Morton, Rochelle, Michelle L. Hebart, Rachel A. Ankeny, and Alexandra L. Whittaker. "Assessing the Uniformity in Australian Animal Protection Law: A Statutory Comparison." Animals 11, no. 1 (December 26, 2020): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11010035.
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Animal welfare is not included in the Australian Constitution, rendering it a residual power of the states and territories. Commentators have suggested that inconsistencies exist between the state and territory statutes, and that a uniform approach would be beneficial. However, there has been no comprehensive assessment of the nature or extent of these purported inconsistencies. This review addresses this gap by providing a state-by-state comparison of animal protection statutes based on key provisions. Utilizing systematic review methodology, every current Australian statute with an enforceable protection provision relating to animal welfare was identified. A total of 436 statutes were examined, with 42 statutes being included in the detailed analysis. The comparison showed that animal protection laws are generally consistent between each Australian jurisdiction and were found to have similar shortcomings, notably including lack of a consistent definition of ‘animal’ and reliance on forms of legal punishment to promote animal welfare which have questionable effectiveness. It is argued that there is a need for attention to definitions of key terms and future consideration of alternative forms of penalties, but that a uniform federal approach may not be necessary to address these shortcomings.
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Bateman, Will, and Leighton McDonald. "The Normative Structure of Australian Administrative Law." Federal Law Review 45, no. 2 (June 2017): 153–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0067205x1704500201.
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This article analyses the normative structure of Australian administrative law through the prism of two distinct intellectual approaches to the law of judicial review: the ‘grounds approach’ and the ‘statutory approach’. We explore the development of both approaches and track the contemporary ascendance of the statutory approach in light of the political and constitutional context within which the practice of judicial review is situated. We then reflect on the ways that each responds to two central legitimacy problems which must be confronted by modern administrative law: the democratic legitimacy of judicial review and the legitimacy of the forms of law associated with contemporary administrative government.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Statutory forms"
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Tham, Chee Ho. "The mechanics of assignments : functions and form." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2016. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:9cf7420b-b3d5-4c15-b15d-daaa9892d951.
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Choses in action are valuable assets. This has compelled (and been facilitated by) the development of legal devices such as equitable assignment to allow holders of choses to deal with them, inter vivos. This thesis makes two claims. First, equitable assignments are best conceived as a composite of a bare trust and an atypical agency where the assignee is authorised to invoke the assignor's entitlements against the obligor to the chose assigned, as the assignee pleases. On this conception, equitable assignments merely entail generation of a new set of jural relations as between assignor and assignee. Though these affect how the jural relations between assignor and obligor are to be discharged, those jural relations are left intact and unchanged, unless the requirements for 'statutory' assignments have been satisfied. Second, 'statutory' assignments are regulatory in effect. Where a debt or other chose in action has been validly equitably assigned and the requirements in s 136(1) Law of Property Act 1925 are satisfied, the specific entitlements set out in sections 136(1)(a), (b) and (c) will be passed from the assignor and transferred to the assignee. But that is only true with regards entitlements falling within those provisions, and the set of entitlements listed therein is not exhaustive. The composite model of equitable assignment, and the clarification of the nature of 'statutory' assignment, reduces confusion over their operation and effects. Accordingly, this thesis tempers the urge towards legislative reform of the law of assignment: reform may not be needed since the law is not incoherent, though it is certainly complex. And if targeted law reform to simplify the law on assignment be thought desirable, it is as well to know what one is reforming.
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Fruchtman, Joseph. "Statutory planning as a form of social control : the evolution of town planning law in mandatory Palestine and Israel 1917-1980's." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1986. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1317972/.
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This socio-legal study of town and country planning draws upon the examples of the Israeli system and its predecessor of Mandatory Palestine, and studies them in the light of the British parent system. The underlying thesis is that statutory planning functions as a special component in a complex system of social control. Beyond its immediate concern with regulating the utilisation of the physical environment, statutory planning is designed and implemented with the aim of supporting the prevailing social order. The application to statutory planning systems of the concept of social control - which elucidates the regulation of behaviour in society and the phenomenon of social order - leads to the identification of three inter-related roles. These can be classified loosely as: 1) political role, to serve as a tool for effective government; 2) economic role, to utilise scarce resources efficiently; 3) social role, to advance human welfare. Their cumulative exercise contributes to the maintenance of the prevailing social order. This analysis shows that the social order throughout the history of Palestine and Israel. 1917-1980's was in constant flux. It is claimed that the Mandatory system, motivated by colonial ideology, attached excessive importance to statutory planning's political role in order to establish the authority of the British government over Palestine's rival communities. Planning's economic and social roles were relegated to secondary importance. During the Israeli system's formative stage, this political role, which suited the prevailing perception of representative democracy, was important in establishing and legitimising the new government. However, the social and economic roles were of paramount importance due to the prevailing ideology of collectivism. This led to a unique process of social engineering through physical planning. The current Israeli system reflects some new trends towards participatory democracy in planning organisation and individualism in the planning process and provisions, and a move away from narrow physical land use perceptions towards an integrated physical-economic-social outlook. Nevertheless, the basic principles of the early 1920's can Still be seen in the system of the 1980's.
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Dikos, Peter. "The status of the canonical form of marriage in Papua New Guinea: A comparative study of customary, statutory and canonical celebration of marriage." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/29289.
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The people in Papua New Guinea contract marriage according to their traditional, customary law, normally in every case prior to any Christian rite of marriage. From the time of their customary marriage, even Catholics, consider themselves properly married. Nevertheless, they are aware that they cannot receive the Eucharist as long as they remain unmarried in the eyes of the Church. If it takes place at all, the Church marriage is often celebrated years after the customary marriage and this rite loses its meaning for the couple and many Catholics think that a Church marriage contributes, if anything, little to the married state. At best it regularizes a couple's position before the priest and this provides access to the Eucharist. This attitude and the low percentage of Catholics who celebrate their marriage in the canonical form has been a matter of increasing concern to the Church in Papua New Guinea.
Customary marriage differs from the Western form of marriage in two respects: (a) It comes into being in the course of protracted negotiations between the families of the bridegroom and the bride. Various stages in the negotiations are marked by various ceremonies; (b) while free choice and consent of the parties is in no way precluded, the inter-familial relationship is an inseparable characteristic of the marriage according to Papua New Guinean customs.
It was with an intention of identifying and proposing an equitable solution the pastoral problems related to marriage and family life in Papua New Guinea that we undertook our study regarding the status of the canonical form of marriage in Papua New Guinea. The status quaestionis of study was: How might the customary laws expressed in the traditional celebration of marriage be safeguarded and yet contextualized within the Church's legislation on the canonical form of marriage? This status quaestionis is answered in four inter-related chapters.
The principal conclusion of our study suggests that the most serious feature of a low marriage rate in the church is the separation in time of the customary and sacramental marriage, which leads to a widespread view that sacramental marriage is largely irrelevant. For this reason, we discuss at length in the fourth chapter the compatibility between the notions of a natural contract (contractum naturale) and the sacramental marriage. The integration of the customary celebration, that is, natural marriage, and the canonical celebration is possible only when marriage is actually celebrated within a cultural context that conforms to the customary legal traditions of people. Because of this compatibility between the two forms of marriage, any adaptation of the canonical form of marriage to customary celebration must take into consideration the different roles the lay people, that is, the leaders of the communities or elders of families as well as the priest have to play. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)
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Neethling, Adolph Clarence. "A critical evaluation of the introduction of workplace forums to South Africa against the background of the German system of statutory worker participation and co-determination." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/50879.
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Thesis (MBA)-- Stellenbosch University, 1998.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The Labour Relations Act No 66 of 1995 reflects the efforts of government. business and labour at restoring an environment conducive to workplace harmony. productivity, and minimal work disruptions. This statute. and in particular its reference to workplace forums, provides the basis for this study project, which critically evaluates the establishment of workplace forums and whether these forums will be adopted by business and in particular, labour. Theories relating to worker participation are examined. This paper recalls worker participation and co-determination models as found in Germany. It identifies the establishment and reviews the functioning of these worker participation models. The Labour Relations Act relating to workplace forums IS discussed In detail. It IS compared with the German system of participation. The writer concludes that the German system differs materially from the South African system on key points. The distinct differences that emerge between Germany and South Africa in the structuring of worker participation highlight the impact of social, political and economic factors on the eventual introduction of worker participation at the workplace. Likewise, the background and factors leading to the introduction of workplace forums differ. The German industrial relations system is more developed. Workplace forums are characteristic of a developed country such as Germany. In a developing country such as South Africa, trade unions still play a dominant role in the workplace. Here the establishment of a workplace forum is subject to the power of the union. Accordingly it is unlikely that workplace forums will enjoy much support or success in terms of the present Labour Relations Act. The writer examines the attitudes of capital and labour towards the establishment of workplace forums. and suggests reasons why it is unlikely that trade unions would apply for the establishment of workplace forums. He continues to explain why, in its present format, the concept of 'workplace forums is unacceptable to organised labour and has no chance of being implemented.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie werkstuk handel oor die Wet op Arbeidsverhoudinge, wet 66 van 1995 en veral oor die instelling van werkplekforums. Teorie rondom die beginsel van werker deelname word bespreek. Daar word ondersoek ingestel oor hoe hierdie konsep in Duitsland onstaan het en hoe dit daar toegepas word. Die Suid Afrikaanse proses en onwikkeling van werker deelname in geheel asook deelname in besluitneming word besoek om te kyk of die bepalinge van die nuwe apartheidswet aanvaarbaar vir die plaaslike arbeidsmag is. Die bepalinge van die arbeidswet asook die grondwet aangaande werkpleksforums word in detail bespreek. Dit word gekontrasteer met die Duitse stelsel van deelname. So word daar ook gekyk na die rol van vakbonde in die verhand. Die skywer kom tot die slotsom dat die Duite stelsel op belangrike aspekte van die Suid-Afrikaanse model verskil. So ook verskil die agtergrond en omstandighede wat aanleiding gee tot die instelling van werkpleksforums. Die nywerheidsverhouding stelsel is meer gevordered in Duitsland. Werkpleksforums is 'n kenmerk van 'n onwikkelde land soos Duitsland. In 'n ontwikkelende land soos Suid Afrika speel die vakbonde nog 'n prominente rol in alle aspekte van die werkplek, dus is werkpleksforums onderworpe aan die mag van vakbonde en is dit onwaarskynlik dat werksplekforums ingevolge die nuwe aarbeidswet veeI steun of sukses sal geniet.
Centre for Science Development (HSRC)
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Killey, Ian David. "Police and the Executive." Thesis, 2017. https://vuir.vu.edu.au/37859/.
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This thesis examines the legal relationship between police and government in Australia to
ascertain the extent to which the statutory forms and the understanding of those forms allow
Australian police forces to be subject to direct or indirect government direction. The thesis
also proposes areas of law reform to establish a constitutionally and legally coherent
relationship.
The methodology for the thesis is doctrinal and documentary. It involves examination of the
statutory, parliamentary, judicial and historical record in Australia and comparable
jurisdictions (predominantly United Kingdom and Canada) to ascertain the elements of the
different models, the reason for their enactment and how they have been applied and
understood.
The thesis finds that there are three different statutory approaches used in Australia: the No,
Broad and Limited Direction Models. However, the understanding of those models and the
development of the Limited Direction Model, has been confused by a supposed doctrine of
police independence developed during the 20th century based on flawed legal and historical
considerations. Those flawed considerations include:
• Selective use of the historical record;
• Ignoring expressions of parliamentary intention when interpreting legislation;
• Misapplication of judicial authorities;
• Inflating the significance of the office of constable;
• Misunderstanding and misapplying the doctrine of separation of powers;
• Applying a flawed ‘mythology’ regarding Sir Robert Peel and his intentions; and
• Minimising the constitutional significance of the doctrine of ministerial responsibility.
This flawed view, combined with an erroneous understanding constitutional conventions,
have led to a widely held but confused understanding of the police government relationship
in Australia that police are, or should be independent of government in relation to
‘operational’ matters, but with no settled view as to the meaning of that term. This is further
confused by another widely held view that policy decisions are the preserve of government,
even though policy and operations are related and not contradictory concepts.
The thesis has also identified a further area of confusion in the relationship, being significant
legislative reductions to the security of tenure of Police Commissioners. All State police
Commissioners are now employed for 5 year terms and most have little or no protection from arbitrary termination of appointment. This provide a means for indirect influence in a non
transparent manner over Police Commissioners.
Given this confused relationship the thesis proposes elements as a basis for the
development of a coherent constitutional relationship. Those elements are:
• Basing the relationship on the doctrine of ministerial responsibility with government
empowered to direct police on all or the majority of policing matters. The only
exclusions would be matters which can be demonstrated as inappropriate for
government to direct. This element is consistent with government’s responsibility for
policing and recognises that the effectiveness of police, as with other statutory
bodies, can require certain well defined areas of independence.
• Requiring the government direction power to be exercised transparently; which will
ensure that governments are subject to scrutiny for exercises of that power.
• Increasing the security of tenure for Police Commissioners, so as to reduce indirect
government influence over police.
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Lo, Jui-Yu, and 羅瑞玉. "The Case Study of Principle of Statutory Taxpaying and Substance Versus Form Doctrine." Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/97203800796940984044.
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碩士中原大學
會計研究所
93
According to the rule 19 of Constitution, the resident has the duty to pay the tax. However, concerning the tax-equality, the purpose of Legislation should consider the economic content or the tax-equality and principles. It emphasizes on the economic fact of the taxable payment, but instead of the surface of Tax Law. Therefore, if any transaction behavior causes the taxable payment, we cannot judge it by the surface of Tax Law, but take account of substance versus form doctrine. The principle of statutory tax-paying is the most important and basic in Tax Law. To reduce the probability of the tax-avoidance, the government should consider substance versus form doctrine carefully, and ban the organization to abuse the right of imposition. There are four cases discussed in this research as follows. 1. Ministry of finance depending on the rule of the gain from bond transaction and Tax Law explains how to pay the tax of bond transaction in 1975 and 1986. Those explanations cause the problem of the bond or debenture. 2. It uses the method of income of the security to evade the individual income tax, but according to substance versus form doctrine, National Tax Administration affirmed that it is an illegal behavior through the lying transaction. We think that National Tax Administration distorted Tax Law. 3. The court adjudicated the first case of the conflict between the margin of call warrants and the gain of the hedging. Tax Law doesn’t prescribe the tax of the gain of call warrant. Hence, the calculation of the tax is related to the rule of Ministry of finance in 1997, but this calculating method raises the contestation between the taxpayer and the government. 4. The taxpayer always deducts the un-taxable income. However, it makes the conflict between the government and the taxpayer as he applies the deduction in the taxable income. We have some suggestions in the above cases as follows. 1. The government should create a healthy taxable construction of the financial product. 2. It should be considered to recall the taxable mechanism of the security exchange income. 3. According to substance versus form doctrine, the government should maintain the law stabilization. 4. National Tax Administration must follow the taxable basic principles. 5. It is important to confirm the principle of statutory tax-paying and substance versus form doctrine. 6. Legislature should modify or annihilate the disagreed rules of Tax Law. 7. Legislature and government must make Tax Law confirm with substance versus form doctrine.
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SYU, JIA-LING, and 許嘉菱. "Decriminalization of Consensual Sexual Behavior between Adolescents – Learning form Statutory Rape Laws in The United States." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/987fzd.
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碩士國立政治大學
法律學系
106
The decriminalization of consensual sexual behavior between adolescents has been under discussion and debate for a long time, but the controversy still existed. Reviewing the literature on sexual behavior between adolescents ,we can find that researchers in specific fields are concerned about that topic with specialized aspects. For examples, legal researchers focus on the protective legal interest of Article 227 in the Criminal Code and its applications; Social workers and school teachers target on parent-child conflicts, sexual education and counseling for adolescents. However, few studies have been conducted to integrate research results from various fields or comparative analysis from the perspective of criminal policy. Reviewing the literature on law, sociology, psychology, and feminism to illustrate the image of children, adolescents, and young girls as the fundamental knowledge, this study introduced the protection network established by the existing legislation, and also showed the practical dilemmas faced by the education system, social administration, and juvenile justice. In order to find a sound solution, this study reflects Taiwan’s legal issues on adolescent sexual behavior from learning cases of the operational experience of statutory rape law in the United States.First of all, we must be alerted to the impact of chastity aspects on the law, avoiding the law becoming a tool of sexual ethics. Furthermore, we should recognize that criminal law has limitation and should not be over-reliant. Finally, taking the adolescents as the subjectivity and their benefits as major concerns are the core concepts of ideal criminal policy. This study suggests that Taiwan can refer to the age-gap provisions of the statutory rape law in the United States, decriminalizes the consensual sexual behavior between adolescents within a certain age gap. Besides, adolescent sexuality should not be labeled as a delinquent behavior. Adults need to hold positive attitudes towards the sexual development of adolescence, provide sound information and sex education for adolescents’ robust mental and physical development.
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Hsieh, Ru-Shian, and 謝儒賢. "The Interactive Relationships among the Statutory, Voluntary, and Commercial Sectors under the Mixed-form of Welfare Services: The Case of Residential Services for Elder People." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/26846667186084103366.
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博士國立暨南國際大學
社會政策與社會工作學系
94
The history and developmental trend of western welfare services reveal that under the influence of privatization and commercialization, social care services has become ‘business of social care’. Especially, the marketization of ‘elder social care’ progresses with very fast speed. Welfare reform normally does not only tackle the fiscal crises of the government, issues such as the reconstruction of the social policy and service delivery, as well as the responsibility of the government, are also essential parts of welfare reform. The rapid marketization of‘Elder social care’has therefore been an important focus of welfare reform. In Taiwan, with the growth of the elder population, the problem of ‘who should take care of elder people’has become the focus of government policy and a key public concern. However, who are the providers of care for elder people? How do the different providers interact with each other? These questions have not been seriously addressed in existing studies. This study explores the impacts of mixed economy of welfare on residential services for elder people, how the government, charity and business sectors view this development, how they define their own roles and status in social care services and how they interact with each other. To answer the above questions, this study adopted qualitative research approach and interviewed 21 interviewees from 18 agencies working in the government, voluntary and commercial sectors. The main findings are: First, defining the nature of residential services for elder people (ie., is it social welfare services or business of social care?) is not an easy task. Second, ‘financially self-sufficient and affordability’ are the two key factors which determine the division of task in social care among sectors. Third, the interactive relationship among the three sectors could be characterized as ‘competitive and cooperative co-existence’. Fourth, there is the indistinctive boundary between profit-making and reasonable financial reward. . Fifth, the size and the content of ‘community welfare services’, are key factors which influence the speed and size of residential services for elder people. Sixth, the core responsibility of the government, in the views of the three sectors, should lie in ‘market governance’ rather than ‘service provision’. Seventh, ‘unfair competition’ should not be a necessary strategy of governance for the government. Eighth, residential services for elder people in the future would more likely develop with the principle of ‘small and community-based’. Finally, the gap between the role expectation and the reality could be identified among the three sectors towards each other. This study proposes the ‘competitive & cooperative co-existence mixed-form of welfare services based on ‘partnership’, to interpret the current development of residential services for elder people and to expect the developmental trend in the future. Suggestions towards the government, voluntary and the commercial sector are also proposed.
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CHEN, HSIAO-WEN, and 陳小雯. "The conflict and balance between Principle Statutory Taxpaying and Substance Versus form Doctrine－Focus on the Gift Taxes on other Interest oriented Trust in the ROC." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/2a42vz.
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碩士逢甲大學
財經法律研究所
100
The taxation guarantees not only the national revenue, but also the social policy with promoting economic and cultural development, and environmental protection. Though the tax revenue would maintain the operation of the country, it also grants the government to infringes upon citizens'' property rights. This is indeed advised to have rules protecting people''s property rights and tax obligation. 19 of the Constitution stipulates that the people have the obligation to pay taxes in accordance to the laws, that is important to the Principle Statutory Taxpaying. Principle Statutory Taxpaying is provided with adherence to democratic principles and uphold the law stability in the democratic constitutional state, preventing improper tax authorities to infringes upon property rights. In order to protect the interests of taxpayers and the countries, this article is written based on the theory and practice between the Principle Statutory Taxpaying and Substance Versus form Doctrine, and thereafter ameliorating the current tax environment. We hope the tax authorities make the administrative judgments in accordance to Substance Versus form Doctrine to avoid breaking the current tax laws. We should keep the spirit of Principle Statutory Taxpaying, creating a win-win situation between taxpayers and authorities.
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Popiało, Małgorzata. "Norma i uzus w polskim języku urzędowym na przykładzie statutów, regulaminów i formularzy wybranych szkół wyższych." Doctoral thesis, 2017. https://depotuw.ceon.pl/handle/item/2364.
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Celem pracy jest zaprezentowanie wpływu normy na urzędową odmianę języka. Punktem
wyjścia do analizy jest zdefiniowanie normy językowej i wskazanie różnic w jej postrzeganiu, a
także opis zjawiska wielopoziomowości normy, na którą Halina Kurkowska zwracała uwagę na
długo przed jej praktycznym opisem dokonanym przez Andrzeja Markowskiego. Językoznawcy
nie mają jednakowego stanowiska w sprawie oceny wpływu uzusu na kształtowanie normy
językowej, wszyscy jednak zgadzają się co do tego, że jest on ogromny.
Sformułowanie tezy o wielopoziomowości normy było skutkiem obserwacji rzeczywistości
językowej. Język stale ewoluuje, niezależnie od stanowiska językoznawców normatywistów.
Trwanie w przekonaniu, że można za pomocą nakazu zmienić zwyczaje językowe społeczeństwa,
jest niewłaściwe. Konieczna wydaje się dalsza dywersyfikacja normy z uwzględnieniem tego, co
jest obecne zarówno w normie skodyfikowanej, jak i w uzusie.
Próby wpływania na jakość języka za pomocą skodyfikowanych norm świadczą o potrzebie
porządkowania reguł, także odnoszonych do tekstów urzędowych. Charakterystyczny styl, w
jakim są tworzone, znalazł miejsce w klasyfikacjach odmian języka opracowanych przez Teresę
Skubalankę, Danutę Buttler, Stanisława Gajdę i Aleksandra Wilkonia. Dzieje urzędowej odmiany
języka, nieodpornej na zjawiska polityczne, dowodzą ścisłego jej związku z wydarzeniami
historycznymi, np. w czasie zaborów, kiedy odmiana literacka wyraźnie kwitła, styl urzędowy
ulegał degradacji. Obecnie dostrzega się potrzebę poprawy jakości relacji urząd–obywatel,
szeroko dyskutowane zmiany dotyczą zaś także sfery językowej.
Niesymetryczność ról nadawcy i odbiorcy w komunikacji urzędowej wynika z braku między
nimi styczności czasowej i przestrzennej. W takiej sytuacji szczególnie ważny staje się wspólny
kod (język) i wspólna wiedza, dzięki którym możliwe jest porozumienie. Granice tekstu wyznacza
rama, której wnętrze wypełniają elementy o typowych dla tekstów urzędowych cechach; są to:
precyzja w wyrażaniu myśli, obiektywizm, brak emocjonalizmów, dyrektywność, standardowość.
Część analityczna pracy zawiera analizę gatunkową i statystyczną statutów, regulaminów i
formularzy, stanowiących materiał badawczy. Ranga badanych tekstów jest różna: najwyżej w
hierarchii znajduje się statut, nazywany często konstytucją instytucji. Na jego podstawie
opracowywane są pozostałe dokumenty uczelniane. Konstrukcja statutów jest najbardziej
zbliżona do aktów prawnych o randze ustawy i — jak pokazała analiza — leksyka i ortografia statutów również w największym stopniu przypomina formuły typowe dla legislacji. Ramy
tekstów i elementy je wypełniające również nie są tożsame; statuty i regulaminy mają podobną
kompozycję, formularze natomiast nie powielają jednego schematu, a ich konstrukcja jest bardziej
swobodna.
Analiza językowa badanych tekstów została przeprowadzona z wykorzystaniem dwóch
programów: pierwszy to aplikacja badająca stopień zrozumiałości tekstu Jasnopis, druga to
uniwersalny konkordancer korpusowy AntConc. Zbadano długość, jasność tekstów, ich
urozmaicenie leksykalne, liczebność określonych elementów, a także obecność pewnych form
wskazujących na przynależność tekstów do danego gatunku.
Opracowane na potrzeby konstruowania aktów prawnych Zasady techniki prawodawczej nie
precyzują kwestii, które zostały zbadane: liczby rzeczownika w przepisach, rodzaju rzeczownika
czy czasu bądź aspektu czasownika i nie wyjaśniają zawiłości semantycznych w użyciu tych
kategorii. Mimo to można określić pewne standardy dotyczące konstruowania tekstów o
charakterze prawnym: przewaga rodzaju męskiego, liczby pojedynczej i czasu teraźniejszego
niedokonanego. Stosowanie reguł dotyczących wymienionych elementów dowodzi potrzeby
standaryzacji tekstów urzędowych. Wnioskiem de lege lata może być postulat prowadzenia szkoleń
dla pracowników administracji, które pomogłyby im opanować sztukę konstruowania tekstów
możliwie najbardziej zrozumiałych, opartych na zasadach opracowanych przez twórców
Jasnopisu: pisanie krótkich zdań, nieużywanie długich wyrazów, wykorzystanie jak możliwie
największej liczby czasowników, ograniczenie liczby rzeczowników, gerundiów i łańcuchów
dopełniaczowych. Warto byłoby także uzupełnić wytyczne zawarte w ZTP o elementy
ortograficzne i interpunkcyjne, które nie zostały precyzyjnie określone bądź których pisownia nie
jest ustalona.The aim of this paper is to present the impact that the standard has on official language. The starting point for the analysis is the definition of linguistic norm and indication of differences in its perception, as well as the description of the phenomenon of multilevel of standard, to which Halina Kurkowska drew attention long before its practical description by Andrzej Markowski. Linguists do not share the same view on the impact of usus on linguistic norms, but everyone agrees that it is enormous. The formulation of the thesis on norm's multilevel was the result of observation of linguistic reality. Language constantly evolves, regardless of the opinion of linguistic formalists. Persisting in believe that it is possible to change the linguistic habits of society by means of an injunction is wrong. It seems necessary to diversify the standard further, considering what is present both in the codified standard and in the usus. The attempts to influence the quality of language through codified norms indicate necessity of organizing rules, also referring to official texts. The distinctive style in which they are created has found place in the classifications of language variants developed by Teresa Skubalanka, Danuta Buttler, Stanisław Gajda and Aleksandra Wilkonia. The history of the official type of language, that is not resistant to political changes, proves a close connection with historical events, e.g. during the partition of Poland, when the literary form flourished, official style was being degraded. Currently, the need to improve the quality of the office-citizen relationship is being recognized, and the broadly discussed changes also concern the linguistic sphere. The lack of symmetry between the roles of the sender and recipient in official communication results from the lack of temporal and spatial contact between them. In such a situation a common code (language) and a common knowledge, that can enable communication, are particularly important. The boundaries of the text are defined by a frame, whose interior is filled with elements of typical official texts characteristics; these are: precision in expressing thoughts, objectivity, lack of emotion, directivity, standardisation. The analytical part of the work contains a qualitative and statistical analysis of the statutes, regulations and forms that constitute the research material. The rank of the texts examined differs: the highest rank in the hierarchy is the statute, often called the constitution of the institution. On the basis of this other university documents are prepared. The structure of statutes is most similar to the legislative acts of the rank of law, and - as the analysis has shown - lexis and orthography of statutes are also most similar to the typical legislation formulas. Text frameworks and filling elements are not identical; Statutes and regulations have similar composition, but forms do not duplicate one pattern and their design is more casual. The linguistic analysis of the texts studied was carried out using two programs: the first is an application that examines the intelligibility of the text, Jasnopis, the second is the AntConc, a universal corpus concordancer. The length, clarity of texts, their lexical variation, the number of specific elements, and the presence of certain forms indicating the affiliation of texts to a given species were studied. Developed for the purpose of constructing legal acts The principles of the legislative technique do not specify the issues that have been examined: the number of nouns in the regulations, the type of noun or tens, or the aspect of the verb, and they do not explain the semantic complexities in the use of these categories. Still, there are certain standards for constructing legal texts - the superiority of the masculine, the singular, and the imperfect present tens. The application of the rules concerning these elements proves the need for the standardization of official texts. Conclusion de lege lata may be the postulate of conducting trainings for public administration workers to help them master the art of constructing texts as clear as possible, based on principles developed by the makers of Jasnopis: writing short sentences, not using long words, using as many verbs as possible, reducing the number of nouns, gerunds and genitive chains. It would also be worthwhile to supplement the guidelines contained in ZTP with spelling and punctuation elements that are not precisely defined or spelling of which is not fixed.
Books on the topic "Statutory forms"
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Balotti, R. Franklin. The Delaware law of corporations & business organizations: Statutory deskbook. 2nd ed. Austin [Tex.]: Wolters Kluwer, 2008.
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Balotti, R. Franklin. The Delaware law of corporations & business organizations: Statutory deskbook. 2nd ed. Austin [Tex.]: Wolters Kluwer, 2008.
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Chan, Philip Chuen Fye. Statutory adjudication in Singapore: The act, standard forms, and determinations. Singapore: Sweet & Maxwell Asia, 2008.
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Hansen, Hugh C. New York intellectual property handbook: With federal statutory appendix and forms. New York, NY: M. Bender, 1997.
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Weisberger, June. A guide to Wisconsin's statutory forms. University of Wisconsin Law School, Continuing Education and Outreach, 1995.
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(Editor), James J. Fishman, and Stephen Schwartz (Editor), eds. Nonprofit Organizations: Statutes, Regulations, and Forms (Statutory Supplement). 2nd ed. West Publishing Company, 2001.
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Publishing, West. Bankruptcy Code, Rules and Official Forms, 2005 Edition (Statutory Supplement). West Publishing, 2005.
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The Companies (Forms) Regulations 1985 (Statutory Instruments: 1985: 854). Stationery Office Books, 1985.
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The Education (Special Educational Needs) (Prescribed Forms) (Welsh Forms) Regulations 1995 (Statutory Instruments: 1995: 45). Stationery Office Books, 1995.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Statutory forms"
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von Schütz, Konstanze. "Immanent Ratio Legis? Legal Forms and Statutory Interpretation." In Ratio Legis, 161–86. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-74271-7_8.
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Unruh, Jon, and Mourad Shalaby. "Tenure Security in War-Affected Scenarios: Challenges and Opportunities for Sustainability." In Land Tenure Security and Sustainable Development, 157–76. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-81881-4_8.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractThis chapter describes the role of land rights and tenure security in war-affected scenarios. Because armed conflict and tenure security both operate in the domain of spatial relationships between people, the connection between them is acutely intimate. War-torn land tenure scenarios are unique in their combination of a weakened and chaotic formal (statutory) system, vigorous but very fluid informal tenure activity, along with the presence of political demands regarding land, and international actors that have a large interest and influence in the direction of recovery. While this combination carries risks, it also represents real opportunity for practical and policy reform in support of tenure security and sustainability. Subsequent to a review of the land tenure security issues that emerge prior to, during, and after armed conflict, the chapter describes how certain forms of post-conflict land rights recovery can support tenure security and contribute to long-term sustainability. The chapter presents the case of Afghanistan to highlight the issues of conflict and tenure security.
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Matzk, Sören, Chrysanthi Tsiasioti, Susann Behrendt, Kathrin Jürchott, and Antje Schwinger. "Pflegebedürftigkeit in Deutschland." In Pflege-Report 2020, 239–77. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-61362-7_16.
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Zusammenfassung Zusammenfassung Der Beitrag liefert ein ausführliches Bild zum Stand der Pflegebedürftigkeit und der gesundheitlichen Versorgung der Pflegebedürftigen in Deutschland. Die Analysen basieren auf GKV-standardisierten AOK-Daten. Sie zeigen Prävalenz, Verläufe und Versorgungsformen der Pflege sowie Kennzahlen zur gesundheitlichen Versorgung der Pflegebedürftigen. Im Fokus stehen die Inanspruchnahme von ärztlichen und stationären Leistungen, Polymedikation und Verordnungen von PRISCUS-Wirkstoffen und Psychopharmaka. Die Ergebnisse werden der Versorgung der Nicht-Pflegebedürftigen gleichen Alters gegenübergestellt und differenziert nach Schwere der Pflegebedürftigkeit und Versorgungssetting ausgewiesen. The article provides empirical insights on the scope and state of long-term care services in Germany. This includes health service provision for persons in need of care. The article lays out key figures regarding the prevalence, pathways and forms of care based on standardised AOK statutory health insurance data. An additional focus lies on the use of out- and inpatient health care services as well as on polypharmacy and prescriptions of PRISCUS medication and psychotropic drugs. Findings are contrasted with data on members of the same age group who are not in need of care and discussed in relation to the severity of the need of care and the care provision setting.
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Corazza, Luisa. "Al di là del rapporto di lavoro: fenomenologie e stili del potere datoriale." In Studi e saggi, 167–76. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-5518-484-7.11.
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The essay aims at investigating new forms and styles of the power of the employer. Since the main regulatory intervention on employment relationship (above all the Statuto dei lavoratori ) significant changes occured in the context were the relationship performs, so that a rethinking of the basis of employer’s power is required. The role of labour market, new forms of organization of the firm and the diversification of workers types are few of different examples of this changing context. Therefore, regulatory tecniques need a refoundation, taking into account that the power of the employer performs not only within the employment relationship but also outside the employment relationship.
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"Statutory Assessment Referral Forms." In Handbook for Pre-School SEN Provision, 78–82. Routledge, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315069654-13.
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"Statutory Instruments, prescribed forms and precedents." In Practice Notes on Agricultural Tenancies, 112–53. Routledge-Cavendish, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781843143727-11.
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Coulson, The Rt Hon Lord Justice. "The Statutory Scheme." In Coulson on Construction Adjudication. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198822110.003.0005.
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The Scheme is designed as a fall-back position; if the construction contract in question does not contain the adjudication provisions set out in s108, or if it does not include the payment provisions set out in s109 of the 1996 Act, then the provisions of the Scheme apply as implied terms of the contract (s114(4)). Although many of the standard forms of construction and engineering contracts now contain specific adjudication and payment provisions that comply with the Act, so the parties do not need to have regard to the Scheme, there are many construction contracts, particularly for smaller works, which do not contain such provisions.
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Hayward, Andrew. "2. Relationships between Adults: Marriage, Civil Partnerships, and Cohabitation." In Family Law. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/he/9780198749653.003.0002.
Full textAbstract:
This chapter explores the historical development and modern statutory framework applicable to adult formalised and non-formalised relationships. It attempts to instil a thorough understanding of the key principles applicable to the formation and subsequent regulation of these relationships. Owing to the rapid change in family forms and the growing legal recognition of same-sex relationships, the statutory framework has evolved. The chapter assess how far these frameworks have successfully accommodated modern family forms and whether further reform is required. Topics discussed include the evolution of marriage; the formal recognition of same-sex relationships; legal consequences and formalities for entry into marriage; the legal consequences of nullity; civil partnerships; and cohabitation.
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Hayward, Andy. "2. Relationships between Adults: Marriage, Civil Partnership, and Cohabitation." In Family Law, 25–74. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/he/9780192893536.003.0002.
Full textAbstract:
This chapter explores the historical development and modern statutory framework applicable to adult formalised and non-formalised relationships. It attempts to instil a thorough understanding of the key principles applicable to the formation and subsequent regulation of these relationships. Owing to the rapid change in family forms and the growing legal recognition of same-sex relationships, the statutory framework has evolved. The chapter assesses how far these frameworks have successfully accommodated modern family forms and whether further reform is required. Topics discussed include the evolution of marriage; the formal recognition of same-sex relationships; legal consequences and formalities for entry into marriage; the legal consequences of nullity; civil partnerships; and cohabitation.
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Deakin, Simon, and Zoe Adams. "18. Employer’s Liability." In Markesinis & Deakin's Tort Law, 528–40. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/he/9780198747963.003.0018.
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The liability of an employer to an employee has two aspects. There is liability to employees for harm suffered by them, and liability for harm caused by them in the course of their employment (vicarious liability, covered in chapter 19). Both represent forms of stricter liability. This chapter discusses the negligence law liability of employers, liabilities arising from statutory duties, and related aspects of social security law. It analyses the concept of the non-delegable duty in the employment context. It also discusses the implications for employer’s liability of reforms made to the law of breach of statutory duty in the Enterprise and Regulatory Reform Act 2013.
Conference papers on the topic "Statutory forms"
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Vaidya, Gauri, and Naresh Pal. "Statutory Approval Process for Cross-Country Hydrocarbon Pipeline Projects." In ASME 2017 India Oil and Gas Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/iogpc2017-2410.
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Laying of petroleum and natural gas pipelines requires Clearances pertaining to Environment, Coastal Regulation Zone (CRZ), Forests and Wildlife from various statutory bodies of the Central and State Government depending on the proposed pipeline route. Because of the time-consuming appraisal process undertaken at various levels, planning the statutory approval process forms a very important part of the project implementation schedule. The project proponents have to forecast and plan well in advance for obtaining statutory approvals as scheduled. This paper details the clearances required for pipeline projects mainly from environmental angle, the procedures involved and difficulties faced by project proponents. It also suggests project proponents to plan the activities in advance and be updated on the new guidelines and notifications issued by the authorities. It also puts forth some recommendations to Statutory Authorities to simplify the procedures for speedy disposal of proposals related to pipeline projects.
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Босов, Дмитрий Вячеславович, and Ксения Михайловна Фомичева. "BULLING AS A SOCIAL PHENOMENON." In Наука. Исследования. Практика: сборник избранных статей по материалам Международной научной конференции (Санкт-Петербург, Июнь 2021). Crossref, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37539/srp297.2021.49.20.005.
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Цель статьи: изучение буллинга как социального феномена, его форм и разновидностей с опорой на уже существующие теоретические и практические данные. Методы: системный, структурно-функциональный. Результаты: выявлена типология и дана характеристика буллингу. Выводы: Социологическое исследование буллинга требует выхода в сферу анализа неуставного доминирования в любом социальном поле. Purpose of the article: to study bullying as a social phenomenon, its forms and varieties, based on already existing theoretical and practical data. Methods: systemic, structural and functional. Results: the typology was revealed and the characteristics of bullying were given. Conclusions: Sociological research of bullying requires entering the sphere of analysis of non-statutory dominance in any social field.
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Williams, Dennis K. "A Proposed Design Criterion for Vessel Lifting Lugs in Lieu of ASME B30.20." In ASME 2002 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2002-1280.
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This paper describes a method for evaluating the structural adequacy of various lifting lugs utilized in the erection and up righting of large pressure vessels. In addition, the analysis techniques are described in detail and design guidelines for vessel lifting are tendered. The statutory and provincial regulations in both the United States and the province of Alberta, Canada are also reviewed and discussed with respect to the too often utilized phrase “factor of safety” (FOS). The implied implications derived from the chosen FOS are also outlined. A discussion is presented as to the applicability of the ASME safety standard B30.20 [1] entitled, “Below the Hook Lifting Devices” and as to the severe shortcomings of the safety standard in its attempt to delve into the design of lifting devices, especially when applied to lifting lugs on large and heavy-weight pressure vessels. Exemplar lugs on vessels are defined and the finite element analyses and closed form Hertzian contact problem solutions are presented and interpreted in accordance with the proposed design criteria. These results are compared against the very limited design information contained within ASME B30.20 [1]. Suggestions for the revision and applicability of the Below the Hook Lifing Devices safety standard and presented and discussed in light of the examples and technical justification presented in the following paragraphs. In addition, the silence of the referenced safety standard on the very large contact stresses that are well known to exist between a lifting pin and clevis type geometry is also discussed. Due to the limited number of repetitive loading cycles that vessel lifting lugs acturally experience during the service life of a vessel, a recommendation is made to either clearly exclude vessel lifting lugs from the scope of ASME B30.20 [1] or to specifically include a separate design and analysis section within the referenced stardard to properly address the mechanical and structural design issues applicable to pressure vessel lifting lugs.
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Williams, Dennis K. "A Critical Review of ASME BTH-1-2005 in the Design and Analysis of Vessel Lifting Lugs." In ASME 2007 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2007-26071.
Full textAbstract:
This paper presents a critical review of the newly published ASME BTH-1-2005, which is intended to be a companion to ASME B30.20, Below the Hook Lifting Devices, a safety standard. The very limited structural design criteria contained in the latter standard was previously addressed in the literature by the current author and was compared against the various national and international regulations, codes, and standards in regard to the presumed factors of safety inherent in the designs of vessel lifting lugs. Based upon the criteria previously outlined and addressed, the current American National Standard ASME BTH-1-2005 is critically reviewed and the commentary that is now incorporated in such is analyzed in an effort to determine the adequacy of the updates in meeting and exceeding the current regulations in both the United States and Canada. The statutory and provincial regulations in both the United States and the province of Alberta, Canada are also reviewed and discussed with respect to the too often utilized phrase “factor of safety” (FOS). The implied implications derived from the chosen FOS are also outlined. Exemplar lugs on vessels are defined and the finite element analyses and closed form Hertzian contact problem solutions are presented and interpreted in accordance with the new ASME BTH-1-2005 structural design criteria. These results are again highlighted against the very limited design information contained within ASME B30.20. A review of the author’s prior recommendations made to revise the ASME B30.20 Below the Hook Lifting Devices safety standard are presented and discussed in light of the examples and technical justification presented in the following paragraphs. Contact stresses that are well known to exist between a lifting pin and clevis type geometry are also discussed in light of the new structural design criteria contained within ASME BTH-1-2005. Additional recommendations are provided for the design and analysis of vessel lifting lugs in consideration of current regulations.
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Waldon, C., R. Morrell, D. Buckthorpe, M. Davies, and P. Sherlock. "Engineering Practices for Tokamak Window Assemblies." In 17th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone17-75858.
Full textAbstract:
For fusion tokamak reactors the diagnostics and RF heating systems require the use of components with parts made of non-metallic materials. These can form part of the vacuum boundary of the tokamak which is the primary safety boundary and have a function of containing tritium fuel or activated gases and particulate debris. The engineering practices for such components and non-metallic materials are in an early state of preparation and require development to enable systems to be used in a safety and licensing context. Such developments will have to reflect the brittle nature of the materials, and are likely to be based on established arguments developed within the nuclear industry, such as containment and defence in depth. Given these requirements this task is a major challenge. The window systems fall broadly into two categories: • Transmission windows for the input of high-power microwaves to drive and heat the plasma; • Diagnostic windows to monitor the plasma. Currently there are no established fusion design codes that can be used to assure nuclear safety and a consistent engineering approach for either application. This paper reviews the progress made in developing such practices for transmission and diagnostic windows made from ceramic materials. The investigations undertaken and the engineering practices addressed for the tokamak windows generally fall into the following areas: • reviews of potential candidate materials along with a summary of the available property data; • definition of the function of torus window assemblies and an outline of the complexity and variety of design considerations (including historical failures, and statutory requirements); • development of the design methodology for technical ceramics; • definition of the design routes considered and selected (rule, analysis, experiment); • consideration of the material data available (or lack of) for technical ceramics and their failure criteria; • qualification and design of metallic / ceramic joints; • definition of the requirements with regard to quality control, from manufacture to in-service inspection; • development and formation of a draft code procedure. The practices and procedures developed are considered to be an important contribution and significant step forward in the development of a fusion tokamak windows code. Important contributions have been made to the design, procurement and installation philosophies for windows, especially the development of design criteria and the application of pressure proof-testing. This paper provides a review of key requirements and issues, with recommendations to allow development of the code for acceptance by nuclear regulators for tokamaks such as the International Tokamak Experimental Reactor (ITER) and future fusion reactor power plants.
Reports on the topic "Statutory forms"
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Research Department - Banking Section - Trading Bank Returns - (Confidential information supplied by the Banks) - Forms A and B - Balance Sheet and Statutory Declaration - 1942 - 1944. Reserve Bank of Australia, September 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.47688/rba_archives_2006/14872.
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Research Department - Banking Section - Trading Bank Returns - (Confidential information supplied by the Banks) - Forms C and D - Statement of Profit and Loss and Statutory Declaration - 1942 - 1944. Reserve Bank of Australia, September 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.47688/rba_archives_2006/14875.
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