Academic literature on the topic 'Statutory reserves'

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Journal articles on the topic "Statutory reserves"

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Koijen, Ralph S. J., and Motohiro Yogo. "The Cost of Financial Frictions for Life Insurers." American Economic Review 105, no. 1 (2015): 445–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.20121036.

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During the financial crisis, life insurers sold long-term policies at deep discounts relative to actuarial value. The average markup was as low as −19 percent for annuities and −57 percent for life insurance. This extraordinary pricing behavior was due to financial and product market frictions, interacting with statutory reserve regulation that allowed life insurers to record far less than a dollar of reserve per dollar of future insurance liability. We identify the shadow cost of capital through exogenous variation in required reserves across different types of policies. The shadow cost was $0.96 per dollar of statutory capital for the average company in November 2008. (JEL G01, G22, G28, G32)
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Barker, G. M. A., and J. D. Box. "Statutory Local Nature Reserves in the United Kingdom." Journal of Environmental Planning and Management 41, no. 5 (1998): 629–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09640569811506.

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Bhole, L. M. "Recent Changes in the Theory and Policy of Cash Reserves Ratio and Statutory Liquidity Ratio: A Critical Appraisal." Vikalpa: The Journal for Decision Makers 18, no. 4 (1993): 3–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0256090919930401.

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As a part of financial sector reforms, the Reserve Bank of India is committed to a reduction in the Cash Reserves Ratio (CRR) and the Statutory Liquidity Ratio (SLR). This paper by L M Bhole examines this issue critically and argues that the present economic conditions as well as the future economic scenario in India do not warrant a reduction in the CRR and the SLR.
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Izotova, A. Yu. "Reserve funds of federal subjects: A comparative analysis of nature and practice in Russia and the U.S." Finance and Credit 26, no. 3 (2020): 590–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.24891/fc.26.3.590.

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Subject. The article reviews four main types of budget reserves of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, the USA and Canada, i.e. reserve funds of constituent entities of the Russian Federation, reserve funds of supreme executive authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, Rainy Day Funds and Contingency Reserve Funds of the US and Canadian provinces. Objectives. In Russia, the greatest attention is paid to the budget reserve of the Federal budget, while the budget reserves at the level of subjects of the Federation are underexplored and require close scientific understanding, as they bear the greatest social burden. Methods. The fundamental research method is a comparative analysis of the theoretical representation of scientific articles, statutory documents of the subjects of the Federation and annual reports on reserve funds of the USA and Canada. Results. The results of the analysis of reserve funds of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, reserve funds of supreme executive authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, Rainy Day Funds and Contingency Reserve Funds of the USA and Canadian provinces are presented in the form of a matrix-characteristic of these four types of funds by eleven criteria. Conclusions. The performed theoretical and practical analysis of the four types of budget reserves is generalized in the form of directions for improving the Methodological Recommendations for subjects of the Russian Federation regarding the formation and use of regional funds of financial reserves of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation.
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Wright, P. W., S. J. Burgess, R. G. Chadburn, et al. "A Review of the Statutory Valuation of Long-Term Insurance Business in the United Kingdom." British Actuarial Journal 4, no. 4 (1998): 803–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1357321700000209.

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ABSTRACTThis paper considers the approaches currently used by life offices for statutory valuations, and proposes a number of changes to current practice. It builds on the earlier work of Philip Scott's Working Party and a working party which reported on all aspects of unitised with-profits business to the 1996 CILA conference.Recommendations are made for each of the major categories of long-term business, in particular for the introduction of a bonus reserve standard for accumulating with-profits business, whilst retaining the net premium standard for conventional with-profits business. It is proposed that the current net premium approach for non-profit business should be replaced by a gross premium method. The paper also develops a greater codification of the calculation of non-unit reserves on linked business.Considerable emphasis is placed on the requirement for statutory reserves to have regard to PRE. It is assumed throughout that the E.C. Third Life Directive remains in its current form.A number of examples are provided which illustrate the proposed method for accumulating with-profits business. Appendices to the paper include a draft of suggested consequential changes to the Insurance Companies Regulations 1994, and a revised supporting version of the whole of GN8.
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Riduwan, Riduwan, and Rofiul Wahyudi. "Contribution of macroprudensial policy of central bank on microprudensial Islamic banking." INFERENSI: Jurnal Penelitian Sosial Keagamaan 11, no. 2 (2018): 291–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.18326/infsl3.v11i2.291-308.

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The purpose of this research will be to answer the contribution of the macroprudential policy of Central Bank to the microprudential of islamic banking during the period of January 2008 - February 2016. The method used by quantitative analysis with panel data regression to be able to describe macroprudential policy contribution to FDR of islamic banking in Indonesia. Macroprudential policy instruments use Loan-to-Value Ratio (LTR), Statutory Reserves (GWM) based on Loan-to-Funding Ratio (LFR) and Countercyclical Capital Buffer (CCB). The islamic bankingmicroprudential instrument used is Financing to Deposit Ratio (FDR). The result shows that macroprudential policy contribution through LTV instrument to FDR has negative and significant influence. Statutory Reserves based on LFR on FDR have a positive and significant influence and CCB on FDR of Indonesia’s islamic banking shows negative and significant influence.
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Koy, Justin Kyale, Alphonse Maindo Monga Ngonga, and D. Andrew Wardell. "Moving beyond the illusion of participation in the governance of Yangambi Biosphere Reserve (Tshopo Province, Democratic Republic of Congo)." Nature Conservation 33 (April 22, 2019): 33–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/natureconservation.33.30781.

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The participation of local communities in the governance of protected areas in the Democratic Republic of Congo is challenged by several external and local factors. This article aims to understand the representation of local communities and factors that influence their participation in the governance of the Yangambi Biosphere Reserve. Three principal sources of information (archival records, focus group and semi-structured interviews) were used to collect data. The results indicate a top-down participatory approach. The cumulative failure of several projects in the context of local development has led to different perceptions by local communities of their role in the participative governance of Yangambi Biosphere Reserve. Initiatives in participatory management and local development only function during the lifetime of externally-funded projects when initiators are present in the intervention area. The results call into question formal claims made by both conservation projects and the Congolese government regarding the actual participation of local communities in the governance of Biosphere Reserves. Furthermore, although Biosphere Reserves in DRC are recognized as part of the national network of protected areas since 2002, their management is still not aligned to either the Seville Strategy or the statutory framework of the world network of Biosphere Reserves. To achieve this, local development initiatives need to focus on poverty alleviation (through the diversification of income sources, entrepreneurship, farmer training and the creation of employment opportunities) and a better understanding of local practices and cultures in the design of such projects.
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Wahid, Arfian Nur, Surono Bin Jamel, Heni Noviarita, and Erike Anggraini. "Assessing Sharia Monetary Instruments Against Country Economic Growth." JEJAK 13, no. 2 (2020): 307–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/jejak.v13i2.23754.

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This study aims to examine the effect of Islamic monetary instruments on Indonesia's economic growth. Statutory Reserves, Bank Indonesia Syariah Certificate (SBIS) and Outstanding Deposit Facility Syariah (FASBIS) are used as sharia monetr instrument variables in observations. this study is a quantitative study using monthly time series data obtained from the publication of Bank Indonesia and the Indonesian statistical agency in 2015-2019 using ARDL analysis. The results of this study indicate that both short-term and long-term modeling, instrument variables Islamic monetary does not have a significant relationship on economic growth. Although it has a very small effect, the Demand Deposits variable has an effect on the Indonesian economy, while the other variables observed have an inverse relationship with the variable of Indonesia's economic growth. the achievement of monetary stability through sharia monetary instruments can be optimized using policies on the minimum statutory reserves in banks that are useful for controlling the circulation of the amount of money in society so that it is more stable and the Indonesian economy can grow through the middle income trap.
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Cigler, Beverly A. "Fighting COVID-19 in the United States with Federalism and Other Constitutional and Statutory Authority." Publius: The Journal of Federalism 51, no. 4 (2021): 673–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/publius/pjab021.

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Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic challenges a workable American federalism. The Tenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution reserves plenary responsibilities to states for promoting health and well-being; but states and their local governments suffer from a significant lack of resources and interjurisdictional competition during major emergencies. In this article, I argue that a president has significant constitutional and statutory authority for pandemic preparedness and, by law, is responsible for leading a coordinated national response necessary to a pandemic. The article outlines the constitutional and statutory authorities available to President Trump and assesses how he used those powers to address the pandemic. It is argued that early, decisive national coordinative systems for containing and mitigating the virus; testing, tracing, contacting, and isolation protocols; data collection standardization; procurement and distribution of supplies; and planning vaccine eligibility and distribution could have reduced the state and local government disadvantages early in the pandemic, saving lives and boosting the economy.
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Peterson, Nicolas. "Legislating for Land Rights in Australia." Practicing Anthropology 23, no. 1 (2001): 21–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.17730/praa.23.1.1rp8324376861j67.

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A commitment in applied anthropological policy work to maximising cultural appropriateness or even to supporting what indigenous people say they want is not always possible. This proved to be the case in connection with formulating recommendations for land rights legislation in Australia's Northern Territory. Until 1992 the only rights in land that Aboriginal people had as the original occupiers of the continent were statutory (that is, through acts of state and federal parliaments). No treaties were signed with Aboriginal people and until that date the continent was treated as terra nullius, unowned, at the time of colonisation in 1788. From early on in the history of European colonisation, however, areas of land had been set aside for the use and benefit of Aboriginal people. These reserves were held by the government, or by one of a number of religious bodies that ministered to Aboriginal people, usually supported by government funding. Beginning with South Australia in 1966 all of the states, except Tasmania, have passed legislation that gives varying degrees of control of these reserves to land trusts governed by Aboriginal people. Each of these pieces of legislation had/have different shortcomings which included some or all of the following: the total area that had been reserved was small; the powers granted over the land were limited; the majority of the Aboriginal population did not benefit from the legislation; and none of them addressed the issue of self-determination. In 1973 a Royal Commission into Aboriginal Land Rights, with a single Commissioner, Mr. Justice Woodward, was established by the newly elected Federal Labor government, the first in 23 years. It was planned that it would deal with the continent but that it would begin by focusing on the Northern Territory which until 1978 was administered by the Federal government. At the time there were 25,300 Aboriginal people in the Territory making up 25% of the population.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Statutory reserves"

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Li, Pei-wen, and 李佩玟. "A Comparison of Stochastic Reserves and Statutory Reserves for an Endowment Policy." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/34404318116182967008.

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碩士<br>逢甲大學<br>統計與精算所<br>96<br>Reserves are a major item on an insurance company’s balance sheet. A small change or error in the reserves can have a major impact on the income reported by a company. However, adequate reserves help to protect insurance companies against insolvency. Statutory reserves, using a single scenario and one size fits all reserve formula, cannot properly capture the contract risk. This research mainly applies the principle-based reserves method to calculate endowment policy stochastic reserves which consider the stochastic interest scenarios. For the stochastic interest scenarios, we consider the interest rate model prepared by the American Academy of Actuaries (AAA) C-3 Subgroup of the Life Risk-Based Capital Task Force and AAA Life Capital Adequacy Subcommittee C-3 Phase II 10,000 “pre-packaged” scenarios. These 10,000 “pre-packaged” scenarios were used to project net asset earned rates or discount rate. In addition, this study attempts to compare stochastic reserves with current statutory reserves in Taiwan. Moreover, this research compare the age factor effect with stochastic reserves. The results in this research present some suggestion for insurance companies and supervisors to determine the adequacy of reserves.
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Wang, Xiaojie. "Introduction to statutory reserves in life insurance companies." Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/ETD-UT-2011-05-3097.

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Statutory reserves in life insurance companies are required by regulation laws. Regulators monitor insurers’ statutory reserves to protect policy holders’ future benefits and ensure the insurers are financially healthy. The purpose of this report is to give a brief introduction to statutory reserves in life insurance companies. In this report, assumptions and valuation methods for statutory reserve valuations are explained and discussed. The comparisons between statutory reserves and GAAP reserves are also discussed.<br>text
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KANG, HSIN-TING, and 康欣婷. "A Comparative Study on the Liabilities of Insurance Contracts and Statutory Reserves of Non-participating Whole Life Insurance Policies." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/bdy4e2.

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碩士<br>東吳大學<br>財務工程與精算數學系<br>106<br>This study aims to analyze the liabilities of insurance contracts of non-participating whole life insurance policies under the principle of International Financial Reporting Standard 17 – Insurance Contracts (IFRS 17) and to compare them with statutory reserves of the policies. Using Building Blocks Approach for long-term insurance contracts, we establish actuarial assumptions of policies’ future cash flows including mortality rate and risk-free interest rate curves, and then evaluate the best estimate of liabilities, the risk adjustment and the contractual service margin. Furthermore, on the selected valuation day, we compare and analyze the differences between the liabilities of insurance contracts and statutory reserves of each policy year for newly issued and in-force policies respectively. The main results show the higher value of the liabilities of insurance contracts or statutory reserves is determined by policy year, selected risk-free interest rate models and expectation of mortality rates. Our findings help the insurers look at each component of the liabilities of insurance contracts and grasp the contractual service margin of newly issued and in-force policies in order to better understand how to successfully transit their financial reporting to IFRS 17.
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LEE, TSUI, and 李淬. "THE STUDY OF MINIMUM STATUTORY RESERVE SYSTEM AND THE EFFECT OF INTEREST RATE ON RESERVE VALUES IN R.O.C." Thesis, 2001. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/14796241135377885607.

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Books on the topic "Statutory reserves"

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The Federal Deposit Insurance System and recommendations for reform: Hearing before the Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs, United States Senate, One Hundred Seventh Congress, second session on the Federal Deposit Insurance System and recommendations for reform, focusing on merging the Bank Insurance Fund with the Savings Association Insurance Fund, statutory restrictions on premiums, and designated reserve ratios, April 23, 2002. U.S. G.P.O., 2003.

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Standard market design NOPR: Hearing before the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources, United States Senate, One Hundred Seventh Congress, second session to receive testimony on the standard market design NOPR, and on such related issues as the capacity of load serving entities to reserve sufficient transmission to meet their contractual and statutory obligations to serve, transmission pricing and other matters dealth with in the NOPR, September 17, 2002. U.S. G.P.O., 2003.

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United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Energy and Natural Resources. Standard market design NOPR: Hearing before the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources, United States Senate, One Hundred Seventh Congress, second session to receive testimony on the standard market design NOPR, and on such related issues as the capacity of load serving entities to reserve sufficient transmission to meet their contractual and statutory obligations to serve, transmission pricing and other matters dealth with in the NOPR, September 17, 2002. U.S. G.P.O., 2003.

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Britain, Great. The Insurance Companies (Reserves) Regulations 1996 (Statutory Instruments: 1996: 946). Stationery Office Books, 1996.

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Britain, Great. The Insurance Companies (Reserves) (Tax) Regulations 1996 (Statutory Instruments: 1996: 2991). Stationery Office Books, 1996.

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Britain, Great. The Insurance Companies (Reserves) Act 1995 (Commencement) Order 1996 (Statutory Instruments: 1996: 945 (C. 17)). Stationery Office Books, 1996.

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Britain, Great. The Reserve Forces Appeal Tribunals Rules 1997 (Statutory Instruments: 1997: 798). Stationery Office Books, 1997.

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The Stamp Duty Reserve Tax (Tradepoint) Regulations 1995 (Statutory Instruments: 1995: 2051). Stationery Office Books, 1995.

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The Stamp Duty Reserve Tax (Amendment) Regulations 1993 (Statutory Instruments: 1993: 3110). Stationery Office Books, 1994.

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The Merchant Shipping (Merchant Navy Reserve) Regulations 1989 (Statutory Instruments: 1989: 662). Stationery Office Books, 1989.

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Book chapters on the topic "Statutory reserves"

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"Liabilities for Future Policy Benefits (Statutory Policy Reserves) and Other Contract Liabilities." In Audit and Accounting Guide. American Institute of Certified Public Accountants, Inc., 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119569213.ch7.

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McAllen, Rob, James Bell, John Davenport, et al. "Lough Hyne: Europe's First Statutory Marine Reserve—A Biodiversity Hotspot." In Reference Module in Earth Systems and Environmental Sciences. Elsevier, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-821139-7.00058-1.

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Webb, Thomas E. "Imperial Tobacco Ltd v The Lord Advocate (Scotland) [2012] UKSC 61, Supreme Court." In Essential Cases: Public Law. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/he/9780191897689.003.0020.

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Essential Cases: Public Law provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in Imperial Tobacco Ltd v The Lord Advocate (Scotland) [2012] UKSC 61, UK Supreme Court. This case concerned the devolved legislative competence of the Scottish Parliament, the powers reserved to the Westminster Parliament under the Scotland Act 1998, and how these provisions should be interpreted. The statutory interpretation of constitutional legislation is also considered. The document also includes supporting commentary from author Thomas Webb.
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Webb, Thomas E. "Imperial Tobacco Ltd v The Lord Advocate (Scotland) [2012] UKSC 61, Supreme Court." In Essential Cases: Public Law. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/he/9780191926440.003.0021.

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Essential Cases: Public Law provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in Imperial Tobacco Ltd v The Lord Advocate (Scotland) [2012] UKSC 61, Supreme Court. This case concerned the devolved legislative competence of the Scottish Parliament, the powers reserved to the Westminster Parliament under the Scotland Act 1998, and how these provisions should be interpreted. The statutory interpretation of constitutional legislation is also considered. The document also includes supporting commentary from author Thomas Webb.
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Hanna, Sue, and Karen Lyons. "The experience of transnational social workers in England: some findings from research." In Transnational Social Work. Policy Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781447333364.003.0005.

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This chapter is based primarily on the findings of a qualitative study conducted over 2011/12, funded by the Nuffield Foundation, which investigated the post-arrival integration, professional practice and development of transnational ‘Social workers’ (TSWs) that is, social workers who trained and qualified outside the UK, but who are now involved in delivering statutory child protection/safeguarding services in London and SE England. These workers are used primarily as a reserve labour force by local authorities to ‘plug gaps’ in statutory child protection services which are frequently characterised by high levels of staff turnover. The experiences of these TSWs are relatively under-researched and, despite austerity measures severely affecting the public social care sector, England remains a receiving country for TSWs, although more frequently now from inside the European Union. The wider national policy context, as presented in the literature, is described and reference is made to relevant findings from other research regarding the experiences of TSWs themselves. Evidence from this study demonstrates the challenges associated with entering a professional environment characterised by a far higher degrees of formalism, regulation and, risk-aversive practice than TSWs have encountered in their home countries. Findings will be discussed thematically and conclusions will be drawn to address how, for TSWs, regulation has come to illustrate the salient feature of statutory child protection social work in England
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Karapapa, Stavroula. "Scope Limitations." In Defences to Copyright Infringement. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198795636.003.0003.

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Copyright is not infringed in instances where the defendant’s activity falls outside the scope of exclusive rights. This is likely to be the case when the factual background of an alleged infringement does not meet the statutory prerequisites of a restricted act, for instance, when taking from an original work has not been such to amount to an act reserved by copyright, and hence falls beyond the scope of exclusive rights. As the Court of Justice of the European Union has affirmed in numerous cases, copyright protection is not absolute and exclusive rights are subject to a variety of internal limits that can serve as the basis of defensive claims in a practical sense. For instance, the court has indicated that exclusive rights are subject to internal scope limitations, some of which are relevant in the context of new technological uses. Hyperlinks, for example, do not infringe copyright when they are not addressed to a ‘new’ public, namely an audience that the rightsholders did not have in mind while making the work available online. Another example is the exhaustion principle, according to which the first authorized sale of content exhausts the authorial entitlement to further distributions. This principle is available in the online context only in relation to the resale of software, and this hinders innovative activity through the creation of electronic marketplaces for digital goods. Subject to examination in this chapter are the statutory and doctrinal limitations that inherently limit the scope of rights and remain outside the spectrum of proprietary entitlements.
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Conference papers on the topic "Statutory reserves"

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Fang, Zhou, Zhe Wang, and Guanghai Li. "Research on Implementation Method and Technical Application of Risk Assessment to Storage Tank at National Petroleum Reserves." In ASME 2020 Pressure Vessels & Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2020-21151.

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Abstract The inspection method based on risk was studied about 23 large tanks of a national strategic oil reserve base, which was a relatively large research work, because the tank inspection was a non-statutory inspection that received little attention, and the risk assessment method of large oil storage tanks in the actual project application was not mature enough. The basic information of 23 nominal volume one hundred thousand cubic meters crude oil tank was collected and sorted. 23 storage tanks under the application of risk assessment are all aboveground atmospheric storage tanks. 23 storage tanks are all floating-roof tanks, whose host materials include SPV490Q, 16MnR, Q235-B, and Q235-A; the containing medium for storage tank are crude oil, and time-to-use starts from August 2006 to April 2007. The implementation process of tank risk assessment was described, and the process of implementing risk assessment was described in detail. The method of risk trend analysis is studied, and the routine maintenance and maintenance suggestions are given. The results show that the risk assessment method for the tank can be implemented, and has been recognized by the tank management unit, providing a rare real case.
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