Academic literature on the topic 'STD 350'

Detta examensarbete är utformat som ett pedagogiskt kompendium inom ämnet jämställd stadsplanering. Målgruppen är studenter i utbildningen Civilingenjör Arkitektur inriktning Stadsplanering på Luleå tekniska universitet eller liknande utbildningar. Syftet med arbetet är att ta reda på vilka olika aspekter som finns inom ämnet och vad som kan göras för att dessa ska implementeras i planeringsarbetet. I kompendiet presenteras de olika aspekterna i varsitt kapitel där störst vikt ligger vid att formulera problemet men även vissa förslag på åtgärder ges. De olika aspekter som identifierades var trygghet, den fysiska utformningen, transporter, medborgardialog och aktiviteter i staden. Det finns även med ett avsnitt om genusteori och kvinnors situation i staden genom historien.

Porous metal phosphonate framework materials were synthesised by solvothermal reaction of bis(α-aminomethylenephosphonic acid) ligands with divalent and trivalent metal cations. The syntheses and characterisation by NMR and, where possible, single crystal X-ray diffraction of seven bisphosphonic acid ligands, including N,N′-piperazinebis(methylenephosphonic acid) (H₄L), its racemic and enantiopure (R) 2-methyl (H₄L′ and R-H₄L′) and 2,5-dimethyl (H₄L′′) derivatives, and N,N′-4,4′-bipiperidinebis(methylenephosphonic acid) (H₄LL) are reported. Syntheses of the known phase Y₂(LH₂)₃·5H₂O and the new phases, STA-13(Y) (St Andrews microporous material No. 13) and Y₂(R-L′H₂)₃·4H₂O, from reactions of Y(AcO)₃ with H₄L, H₄L′ and R-H₄L′ respectively are reported. The as-prepared and dehydrated structures of each phase have been determined from either laboratory or synchrotron powder X-ray diffraction data. Reaction of Y(AcO)₃ and H₄L′′ is shown to form a phase with a different structure. The features determining which structure crystallises are discussed. Syntheses of other rare-earth forms of STA-13 (Sc³⁺, Gd³⁺–Yb³⁺) and the porosity of each phase to N₂ are reported. STA-13(Y) is the most porous form with loadings of ∼3 mmol g⁻¹ and ∼4 mmol g⁻¹ for N₂ and CO₂ respectively. MIL-91(Fe) was synthesised for the first time from reactions of Fe³⁺ cations with H₄L. Its structure was confirmed by Rietveld refinement, but it was not porous. The first syntheses of [Fe₄L₁.₅(AcO)₁.₅(OH,H₂O)₃]·0.5NH₄5.5H₂O (L= L or L′) are reported, from reactions of H₄L or H₄L′ in the presence of an excess of Fe³⁺ cations. The phase is related to a previously reported Co phase. The synthesis of divalent metal bisphosphonate STA-12(Mg) (Mg₂(H₂O)₂L·5.6H₂O) was reported for the first time and its structure determined from single crystal X-ray diffraction. The dehydration behaviour of this material was compared with the known forms of STA-12. STA-12(Mg) is porous to both N₂ (∼5.5 mmol g⁻¹) and CO₂ (~ 8.5 mmol g⁻¹). Reaction of H₄LL with Co²⁺ and Ni²⁺ gave two materials isoreticular with STA-12, labelled STA-16(Co) and STA-16(Ni). The structures of both materials were solved from synchrotron powder X-ray diffraction data. On dehydration, STA-16(Co) undergoes a reversible structural transition to an unknown structure. By contrast, STA-16(Ni) retains the same symmetry in the dehydrated form and its structure was determined from synchrotron powder X-ray diffraction data. Both materials are porous to N₂, with an uptake of up to 22.2 mmol g⁻¹, and CO₂ with maximum loading of 21.7 mmol g⁻¹. NLDFT analysis of N₂ adsorption data confirm the crystallographically determined pore radii. Syntheses of other frameworks with divalent cations and initial reactions of H₄LL with trivalent cations are also reported.

Behavioural finance argues that some market anomalies can be explained by assuming investors are not always fully rational. This thesis contributes a greater understanding of the relationship between investor mood and financial markets, through exploring the effect of seasonal affective disorder (SAD) on UK financial markets . Chapter 2, the first empirical chapter, investigates the SAD effect on UK stock portfolio returns, by employing daily returns of all stocks traded on the London Stock Exchange (LSE) from 1988 to 2011. The chapter constructs SAD variables and six stock portfolios to examine the SAD effect in different stock portfolios, with some well-known market anomalies and weather factors are considered. The estimation result supports the existence of the SAD effect in UK stock portfolio returns, and the SAD effect is more pronounced in small size stock portfolios. Chapter 3, explores the SAD effect on UK stock trading activities, by applying a variety of econometric techniques to ascertain whether SAD affects stock portfolio turnover. The analysis indicates the more people suffer from SAD, the less stock turnover, and the SAD effect is more influential on small size stock turnover. Chapter 4 turns to bond markets, aiming to ascertain the SAD effect on UK government bond returns. We study the relationship between SAD indicators and eight government bond returns, and a positive correlation between SAD indicators and government bond returns are uncovered. The result suggests that investors prefer investing in government bonds when suffering from SAD. Overall, this thesis demonstrates a clear and significant relationship between investor mood and UK financial markets, through exploring the SAD effect on stock and government bond markets. This thesis concludes that the onset of SAD leads to lower stock returns and turnover, and higher government bond returns; and that recovery from SAD leads to higher stock returns and turnover, and lower government bond returns.

Die Führungsrolle der SED in den Streitkräften der DDR und deren praktische Realisierung - Erläuterung und Kritik.:Vorbemerkung des Autors. I. Die Einzelleitung als spezifische Form der Verwirklichung der führenden Rolle der SED in der NVA. II. Platz und Rolle der Politorgane als leitende Parteiorgane; Ihre Unterscheidung gegenüber den Kreis- und Bezirksleitungen der SED. III. Der Einfluss der Grundorganisationen und Parteigruppen auf alle Seiten des politischen und militärischen Lebens. IV. Der Anteil der SED-Mitglieder am Personalbestand und ihr politisches Wirken. V. Führungsrolle der SED und Parteilichkeit in der wissenschaftlich-theoretischen Arbeit in der NVA Abb.: Strukturschema eines Politorgans. Anmerkungen, Endnoten.