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Journal articles on the topic 'Steam and product piping'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 12 February 2022

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1

Eisinger, F. L., and J. T. Francis. "Acoustically Induced Structural Fatigue of Piping Systems." Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology 121, no. 4 (November 1, 1999): 438–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2883727.

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Piping systems handling high-pressure and high-velocity steam and various process and hydrocarbon gases through a pressure-reducing device can produce severe acoustic vibration and metal fatigue in the system. It has been previously shown that the acoustic fatigue of the piping system is governed by the relationship between fluid pressure drop and downstream Mach number, and the dimensionless pipe diameter/wall thickness geometry parameter. In this paper, the devised relationship is extended to cover acoustic fatigue considerations of medium and smaller-diameter piping systems.

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2

Yuengling, D. J., and T. J. Pakula. "Designing for Productivity: A Standardized Coal-Fired Propulsion Plant." Journal of Ship Production 1, no. 02 (May 1, 1985): 88–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/jsp.1985.1.2.88.

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A design for a 26 000-shp standardized coal-fired steam turbine propulsion plant using product work breakdown structure (PWBS) or group technology techniques was developed for the Maritime Administration. The purpose of the design was to provide a design package for a production approach which could reduce machinery outfitting cost and time by one third. Emphasis was placed on piping within the main machinery space. In the concept and preliminary design phases, the machinery box was developed to fit within the hull lines of an 80 000, 144 000, and 180 000-dwt collier. Propeller size, shaft line, and rpm were defined; the steam cycle was selected; and initial machinery arrangements were developed for both a dual boiler and a single boiler plant. During contract design, machinery specifications, schematic diagrams, arrangements, and procurement specifications were developed. In production design, standards were developed, schematic diagrams were revised, and piping diagrammatic arrangements, composites, material lists, and purchase orders for components were prepared. A production philosophy and build strategy also were developed. This effort made use of the PWBS approach presented in the MarAd National Shipbuilding Research Program reports[1–5]3

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3

Eisinger, F. L. "Designing Piping Systems Against Acoustically Induced Structural Fatigue." Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology 119, no. 3 (August 1, 1997): 379–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2842319.

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Piping systems adapted for handling fluids such as steam and various process and hydrocarbon gases through a pressure-reducing device at high pressure and velocity conditions can produce severe acoustic vibration and metal fatigue in the system. It has been determined that such vibrations and fatigue are minimized by relating the acoustic power level (PWL) to being a function of the ratio of downstream pipe inside diameter D2 to its thickness t2. Additionally, such vibration and fatigue can be further minimized by relating the fluid pressure drop and downstream Mach number to a function of the ratio of downstream piping inside diameter to the pipe wall thickness, as expressed by M2 Δp = f(D2/t2). Pressure-reducing piping systems designed according to these criteria exhibit minimal vibrations and metal fatigue failures and have long operating life.

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4

Sucahyo, Bambang, Dwi Lukman H, Rohmadi Ridlo, Tyas Puspita R, and Erna Rosmala S. "KAJIAN TEKNOLOGI PEMANFAATAN BIOGAS POME (PALM OIL MILL EFFLUENT) KE BOILER." Majalah Ilmiah Pengkajian Industri 13, no. 1 (April 19, 2019): 43–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.29122/mipi.v13i1.3219.

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In collaboration with BPPT,Â PTPN V management starting in 2018 took place at the Sei PagarÂ Mill PTPN V in Riau Province, planning the implementation of Biogas to Boiler technology to maximize the use of Biogas. The study aims to substitute shells for steam boilers / kettle through the scheme of using biomass POME to boilers at palm oil mills. The Utilization Model is a simple representationÂ of a complex process in reality. To produce the scheme the model was preceded by conducting technical studies and economic studies and comparative studies on several Mill s in Sumatra and Kalimantan. From some of the findings from the studies that were compiled, one of the most suitable models will be made that will be applied in the Sei Pagar Mill. Furthermore, from the model, still through the RISTEKDIKTI Flagship Insinas Program, it will be developed to produce Prototypes and Construction / modifications to the Existing Boiler that is applied to the Sei Pagar Mill . Utilization Model Scheme. Biogas POME to Boilers at Palm Oil Mill by applying Biogas to Boiler technology includes several components of equipment, such as: Blower, Piping System, Valve Train, Gas Burner (Single Burner), Forced Draft Fan, and Control Panel (PHB). Utilization Model. Biogas POME to Boilers at Palm Oil Mill can later be developed and implemented to support the application of Biogas to Boiler technology at Palm Oil Mills in Indonesia.Keywords: Steam Boiler / Boiler, Blower, Piping System, Valve Train, Gas Burner (Single Burner), Forced Draft Fan, and Control Panel (PHB)

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5

Saha, P. K. "New Materials for High Temperature Steam Piping." Indian Welding Journal 34, no. 1 (January 1, 2001): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.22486/iwj.v34i1.178617.

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6

Saha, P. K. "New Materials for High Temperature Steam Piping." Indian Welding Journal 35, no. 4 (October 1, 2002): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.22486/iwj.v35i4.178735.

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7

Katolicky, J., M. Jicha, and R. Mares. "Droplets deposition in steam piping connecting steam generator and steam turbine in nuclear plant." Nuclear Engineering and Design 237, no. 14 (August 2007): 1534–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nucengdes.2007.02.002.

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8

Hyun, Jung Seob, Gee Wook Song, Sun Young Cho, and Young Shin Lee. "Real-Time Displacement Monitoring System for High Temperature Steam Pipe of Fossil Power Plant." Key Engineering Materials 297-300 (November 2005): 2164–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.297-300.2164.

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Most domestic fossil power plants have exceeded 100,000hours of operation with the severe operating condition. Also, cyclic operation of the plant subjects the piping system to mechanical and thermal fatigue mechanisms and poor of defective support assemblies can impose massive loads onto the piping system and induce unstable piping displacement. In order to prevent the serious damage and failure of the piping system in fossil power plants, 3-dimensional displacement measurement system was developed for the on-line monitoring. Displacement measurement system was developed with LVDT and rotary encoder type sensors. This system was installed and operated on a real power plant successfully.

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9

Goodling, E. C. "Control of Pipeline Dynamics With Disk Spring Restraints (Design Paper)." Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology 113, no. 2 (May 1, 1991): 332–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2928763.

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Dynamic transients such as steam hammer or water hammer in power plant or process piping can generate high destructive reactions if rigid restraints or snubbers are used in an attempt to exert total control of pipe response. However, where some movement can be tolerated, adequate control can be maintained with much lower resulting loads in the restraining structures and components. The disk spring restraint has been demonstrated to be a practical device for controlling piping movements caused by typical dynamic upset conditions in steam and boiler feedwater piping and in drain lines carrying mixed phase (water and vapor) flow. This paper discusses the simplified mathematics used in estimating loads to design disk spring restraints for such applications.

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10

Cohn, Marvin J. "Estimating main steam piping circumferential weldment creep life consumption." Materials at High Temperatures 27, no. 3 (September 2010): 227–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.3184/096034010x12819777890530.

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11

Shao, Lei, Yusheng Pan, Ji Li, Hongli Liu, Xiaoqi Chen, and Xiao Yu. "Steam piping infrared image segmentation with trend coefficients algorithm." International Journal of Pressure Vessels and Piping 170 (February 2019): 49–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpvp.2019.01.010.

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12

Nam, Ki Woo, Jin Wook Kim, and Seok Hwan Ahn. "Nondestructive Evaluation of the Corroded Pipe by Time-Frequency Analysis." Key Engineering Materials 353-358 (September 2007): 2277–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.353-358.2277.

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During plant operation, high temperature and high pressure water and steam are flowing at high velocity inside these piping systems. In pipes of power plants, local wall thinning may result from erosion/corrosion(E/C). Therefore, it is important to evaluate the nondestructive characteristics for corroded pipes to maintain the integrity of the secondary piping systems. In this study, the pressure vessel piping with corrosion used during long terms were investigated from the timefrequency analysis method. The damage of piping could be evaluated by ultrasonic parameters such as center frequency and echo waveform. Based on NDE analysis by time-frequency analysis method, it should also be possible to evaluate from various damages and defects in piping members.

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13

Pilo, F., E. Fontani, and D. Aquaro. "Clearance of BWR steam piping by off line chemical decontamination." Nuclear Engineering and Design 269 (April 2014): 317–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nucengdes.2013.08.046.

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14

Gaur, B., and A. Babakr. "Piping failure in a superheated steam service – A case study." Matériaux & Techniques 101, no. 2 (2013): 206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/mattech/2013067.

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15

Scanlan, F. A. "THE FUTURE OF THE HIGH TEMPERATURE STEAM PIPING EXPANSION PROBLEM." Journal of the American Society for Naval Engineers 59, no. 1 (March 18, 2009): 48–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-3584.1947.tb02727.x.

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16

Anglart, Henryk, Stig Andersson, and Reinhard Jadrny. "BWR steam line and turbine model with multiple piping capability." Nuclear Engineering and Design 137, no. 1 (September 1992): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0029-5493(92)90043-u.

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17

Baba, K., and M. Ochi. "Monitoring of Transient Temperature Distribution in Piping." Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology 116, no. 4 (November 1, 1994): 419–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2929610.

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A numerical method for monitoring temperature distribution in which boundary flux and initial state are unknown is presented. Regularizations based on Tikhonov and Beck’s method are employed. Then, regularization parameters are evaluated by the L-curve. The method is applied to an actual piping problem in a steam power plant and compared with measured data, and it is also applied to a two-dimensional thermal shock problem.

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18

Lobo, C. A. O. C., and P. Griffith. "Avoiding Steam Bubble Collapse-Induced Water Hammer in the Auxiliary Piping of Steam Power Plants." Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology 116, no. 1 (February 1, 1994): 49–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2929558.

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The mechanisms of steam bubble collapse-induced water hammer are identified for nominally horizontal or inclined pipes. On the basis of these observations, two methods of preventing steam bubble collapse-induced water hammer in nominally horizontal pipes are proposed. They are inclining them and injecting the water at a controlled rate at either the lowest point or injecting the water at several locations. The success of these methods is demonstrated for horizontal pipes and for pipes of other orientations. These ways of preventing steam bubble collapse-induced water hammer are then used to test filling strategies for “L”-shaped pipes oriented in practically every way. Both methods are found to work though the application of multiple injection ports and has complications when applied to a complex piping system. The use of the recommended design guidelines for avoiding steam bubble collapse-induced water hammer is demonstrated in an example problem.

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19

Carmichael, G. D. T. "An Assessment of Primary System Stresses on the Creep Behaviour of High Temperature Steam Piping Systems." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part A: Power and Process Engineering 200, no. 3 (August 1986): 197–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/pime_proc_1986_200_027_02.

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The effects of creep on the primary system loadings sustained by high temperature steam piping layouts are ignored in design. A detailed evaluation of the consequences of this omission is presented from both the theoretical and practical viewpoints. Piping analyses show that if systems are not supported correctly this can give rise to enhanced primary stresses. In these circumstances if the creep strength of any part of weldments is significantly less than the average rupture strength of the parent material circumferential cracking may occur in the design lifetime. A feature of the results obtained from creep analyses is that over-stressed systems tend to sink with lime. It is proposed that this characteristic can be used to help decide which piping systems should have their welds examined.

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20

Satria, Pungkas, Achmad Widodo, Ismoyo Haryanto, Djoeli Satrijo, and Budi Setiyana. "Analisis Konstruksi Pipa Pompa Suction 112-JB." Jurnal Material Teknologi Proses: Warta Kemajuan Bidang Material Teknik Teknologi Proses 2, no. 1 (June 14, 2021): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/jmtp.66248.

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The 101-JTC condenser tank has excess steam condensate due to the addition of admission steam from 101-JT. Therefore, it is necessary to design a piping system that connects 101-JTC condenser tank with the 112-JB pump to drain the condensed excess steam. The designed piping system will encounter a dynamic response caused by fluid flow fluctuation over the time. This dynamic response causes the pipe to experience stress. To find out the resulting voltage which will not cause damage or failure, it is necessary to estimate the safety factor in a piping system that has been given static and dynamic loading. This research uses the fluid structure interaction or FSI method with the help of ANSYS software as a simulation tool. The results of this study are, the flow in the pipe causes an impact load which makes the structure vibrate freely damped. The resulting dynamic response describes, the structure displacement amplitude decreases with increasing time. This indicates a stable vibration. Finally, when viewed from the value of stress against time, the fatigue that occurs in the pipe structure induce a stress below the stress limit on Goodman diagram. It can be estimated that the structure has no service life limit. The fatigue safety factor is 7.1.

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21

Jia, J. H., H. C. Zhang, X. Y. Hu, L. P. Cai, and S. T. Tu. "On-Line Health Monitoring Research on T-Joint of Main Steam Piping." Applied Mechanics and Materials 330 (June 2013): 549–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.330.549.

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The main challenge of long-time creep monitoring on site is a reliable sensor. In this paper, a sensing device is developed specifically for high temperature creep monitoring. And it is applied to on-line monitor the strain of material on T-joint of main steam piping. Its reliability is verified theoretically using the finite element method and experimentally by high temperature on site test. The creep damage of the T joint is evaluated basing on the creep rate sensed by the sensing device. And the residual life is predicted for the piping system using the Monkman-Grant equation. This system is useful for safety assessment procedures in thermal power plant, nuclear power plant and petrochemical industries.

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22

Bütün, Hür, Ivan Kantor, and François Maréchal. "Incorporating Location Aspects in Process Integration Methodology." Energies 12, no. 17 (August 29, 2019): 3338. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12173338.

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The large potential for waste resource and heat recovery in industry has been motivating research toward increasing efficiency. Process integration methods have proven to be effective tools in improving industrial sites while decreasing their resource and energy consumption; however, location aspects and their impact are generally overlooked. This paper presents a method based on process integration, which considers the location of plants. The impact of the locations is included within the mixed integer linear programming framework in the form of heat losses, temperature and pressure drop, and piping cost. The objective function is selected as minimisation of the total cost of the system excluding piping cost and ϵ -constraints are applied on the piping cost to systematically generate multiple solutions. The method is applied to a case study with industrial plants from different sectors. First, the interaction between two plants and their utility integration are illustrated, depending on the piping cost limit which results in the heat pump and boiler on one site being gradually replaced by excess heat recovered from the other plant. Then, the optimisation of the whole system is carried out, as a large-scale application. At low piping cost allowances, heat is shared through high pressure steam in above-ground pipes, while at higher piping cost limits the system switches toward lower pressure steam sharing in underground pipes. Compared to the business-as-usual operation of the sites, the optimal solution obtained with the proposed method leads to 20% reduction in the overall cost of the system, including the piping cost. Further reduction in the cost is possible using a state of the art method but the technical and economic feasibility is not guaranteed. Thus, the present work provides a tool to find optimal industrial symbiosis solutions under different investment limits on the infrastructure between plants.

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23

Tapping, R. L., Y. C. Lu, D. S. Mancey, and Z. H. Walker. "Assessing Long-Term Performance of CANDU® Out-of-Core Materials." AECL Nuclear Review 1, no. 1 (June 1, 2012): 5–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.12943/anr.2012.00002.

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As so-called second-generation power reactors are approaching the end of their original design lives, assessments are being made to determine the feasibility and economics of extending plant life. Although components exposed to neutron and gamma irradiation are often those of most concern in terms of in-service ageing and continued fitness for service, ageing of out-of-core components can also limit the possibility of extended service life beyond design life. In CANDU® reactors, life extension decisions occur when the Zr-2.5Nb pressure tubes reach end of life, typically after about 25 years of service for the first CANDU-6 units. At the time of pressure tube replacements, the remaining life predictions for several other major components or systems provide the information required to determine life extension feasibility. Several CANDU reactors are currently being refurbished, with others planned, and experience to date shows that the steam generators, heat transport system piping and various balance of plant piping systems are typically those requiring careful assessment to ensure successful refurbishment. In this paper, we discuss AECL R&D that is oriented towards providing the chemistry and materials inputs required to assess current condition and predict future ageing of CANDU reactor out-of-core components and systems, and in particular steam generators (Alloy 800 tubing and carbon steel internals), feeder pipes and related heat transport system piping (carbon steel flow accelerated corrosion, feeder cracking). Systems and components that may impact future life will also be discussed, along with the related R&D, and this includes balance of plant system piping (feedwater piping and buried piping), cables and concrete structures.

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24

Li, Yong, and Jia Bei Li. "Optimized Operation of 2×660 MW Piping-Main Scheme Circulating Water System." Advanced Materials Research 608-609 (December 2012): 1262–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.608-609.1262.

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The existing optimized operation of circulating water system does not suit piping-main scheme circulating water system with double-pressure condenser. The optimum vacuum of piping-main scheme should be defined as the vacuum which makes the difference between the sum of the two units’ added electric power and the circulating water pump power maximum. The plan of optimized operation of piping-main scheme circulating water system which is based on this kind of optimum vacuum was put forward. And a specific example of 2×660MW units was given, the power plant’s optimized operation mode of the whole circulating water system at difference conditions was obtained. The results show that the optimized scheme is correct and suit the piping-main scheme circulating water system, and the optimized operation can well improve the steam turbine economy.

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25

Gischner, B., B. Kassel, P. Lazo, R. Wood, and J. Wyman. "Evolution of STEP (ESTEP): Exchange of Shipbuilding Product Model Data." Journal of Ship Production 17, no. 03 (August 1, 2001): 151–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/jsp.2001.17.3.151.

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Evolution of STEP (ESTEP) is a task within the MARITECH-ASE Integrated Shipbuilding Environment (ISE) Project building upon the work of the MariSTEP consortium and the NIDDESC standards development efforts. The purpose of ESTEP is to validate product model standards for the shipbuilding industry, implement product model data translators, and to further the development of Shipbuilding Application Protocols. Three of the major goals of ESTEP are developing a production-quality ship structure data exchange capability, expanding shipbuilding piping implementation efforts, and the exchange of parts and part libraries. Piping applications between the plant design industry and the shipbuilding industry are similar, and the AP used for translation of plant piping data (AP227–Plant Spatial Configuration) is much further along in the ISO process than the ISO Shipbuilding Piping AP (AP217). Both application protocols have been analyzed to determine the feasibility of using the plant AP as the ISE piping data exchange model. Shipbuilding structures will be expanding on the MariSTEP implementation that was based on a subset of the detail design data model. This will include the development of a STEP conformance class, a subset of the data model that covers a particular ship life-cycle phase or business case. Parts and part libraries are a joint effort with the ISE Electronic Commerce (EC) task to define an exchange mechanism. The critical need for such a mechanism was identified early in the MariSTEP exchange effort. ESTEP plans to exchange library part definitions, including geometric, parametric, and nongraphic attribute data. The current status, the achievements, and the future implementation plans of the ISE ESTEP are reviewed in this paper.

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26

Yee, Raymond K., and Marvin J. Cohn. "Creep Relaxation Behavior of High-Energy Piping." Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology 122, no. 4 (July 24, 2000): 488–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1311958.

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The analysis of the elastic stresses in high-energy piping systems is a routine calculation in the power and petrochemical industries. The American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) B31.1 Power Piping Code was developed for safe design and construction of pressure piping. Postconstruction issues, such as stress relaxation effects and selection of maximum expected creep damage locations, are not addressed in the Code. It has been expensive and time consuming to evaluate creep relaxation stresses in high energy piping systems, such as main steam and hot reheat piping. After prolonged operation of high-energy piping systems at elevated temperatures, it is very difficult to evaluate the redistribution of stresses due to dead weight, pressure, external loading, and thermal loading. The evaluation of stress relaxation and redistribution is especially important when nonideal conditions, such as bottomed-out or topped-out hangers, exist in piping systems. This paper uses three-dimensional four-node quadrilateral shell elements in the ABAQUS finite element code to evaluate the time for relaxation and the nominal relaxation stress values for a portion of a typical high-energy piping system subject to an ideally loaded hanger or to an overloaded hanger. The stress relaxation results are evaluated to suggest an approximation using elastic stress analysis results. [S0094-9930(00)01304-4]

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27

Wang, T. "Dynamic Forcing Function for Flow-Acoustic-Induced Vibration." Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology 111, no. 4 (November 1, 1989): 361–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3265692.

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Vibration problems in piping systems can manifest themselves in two forms: excessive noise generated from wall flexural vibrations, that in combination with jet noise itself may exceed OSHA limits, and piping system vibration, which could lead to fatigue failure at stress risers. Thus, a comprehensive dynamic forcing function for flow-acoustic-induced vibration on piping system needs to consider both the flexural and system excitation sources. Jet column instabilities and acoustic standing waves are utilized to identify the vibration sources in a large-capacity steam piping system. Initial noise generation originates from approximately six jet diameters downstream of a control valve. It consists of two sharply defined high-frequency sources, the shock cells and the large-scale axisymmetric coherent turbulent structure generated from the nonlinear shear layer instability. These sources effectively excite wall flexural vibrations because of their nonzero net dynamic forcing on pipe “shells.” The compact shock and instability wave noise sources further excite the low-frequency acoustic standing wave in the acoustic duct formed by the discharge piping. The low-frequency acoustic standing wave excites the piping system vibration axially. The piping system was also excited transversely by a more potent vibration source incurred by the spiral mode provoked by a piping elbow. Field observation and measurement of the vibration problem of a large-diameter piping system confirm the prediction.

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28

Ishibashi, Shinichiro, Toshihiko Sato, Koichi Haneda, and Masahiro Seki. "Ferromagnetic Substance Formed in Circulating Water for Boiler and Steam Piping." Journal of the Japan Society of Powder and Powder Metallurgy 42, no. 1 (1995): 47–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2497/jjspm.42.47.

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29

Jo, Jong-Hyun, Young-Shin Lee, Yeon-Whan Kim, and Hai Lan Jin. "Structural Integrity Evaluation of Large Main Steam Piping by Water Hammering." Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A 36, no. 9 (September 1, 2012): 1103–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.3795/ksme-a.2012.36.9.1103.

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30

Han, JeongOk, HyoungTae Kim, and YoungAh Cho. "Improved Stability of Two Phase Flow Piping in Steam Reforming System." Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers - B 42, no. 3 (March 31, 2018): 229–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3795/ksme-b.2018.42.3.229.

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31

Gandy, David W., Shane J. Findlan, and R. Viswanathan. "Weld Repair of Steam Turbine Casings and Piping—An Industry Survey." Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology 123, no. 2 (November 9, 1999): 157–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1285825.

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As the U.S. fleet of fossil power plants age, utilities are forced to perform more and more repairs on such components as turbine casings, main and reheat piping, headers, and other components that have experienced high-temperature degradation. This paper presents information from two surveys on the weld repair technologies currently used by utilities and repair organizations to extend the life of high-temperature, high-pressure components. The initial survey included responses from 28 EPRI member utilities on various repair issues ranging from condition assessment to preheat/postweld heat treat to filler metals employed. The second survey was forwarded to repair vendors and OEMs to gain their perspective on utility industry repairs.

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32

Kim, Y. J., C. S. Seok, Y. S. Chang, J. O. Kim, K. M. Yang, and I. S. Ra. "Fracture properties evaluation of carbon steel piping for main steam line." Nuclear Engineering and Design 158, no. 2-3 (September 1995): 241–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0029-5493(95)01032-d.

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33

Dongoran, Khairiah, and Koswara Koswara. "Analisa Tegangan Pipa untuk 20” Steam Piping Menggunakan Software Caesar Ii." Jurnal Indonesia Sosial Teknologi 2, no. 6 (June 21, 2021): 972–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.36418/jist.v2i6.168.

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Dalam proses perancangan sistem perpipaan, analisa statis dan analisa dinamis perlu dilakukan untuk menjamin keamanan rancangan dan keamananan operasional dari sistem perpipaan. Kannappan (1985) mendefinisikan analisa statik sistem perpipaan dipengaruhi oleh berat, ekspansi thermal, perpindahan support, tekanan internal dan tekanan eksternal. Dalam artikel ini Perancangan dan desain Steam Lines baru dilakukan untuk mengetahui kepatuhan kode tegangan, gaya elemen, perpindahan di semua node, diurutkan stress code, momen dalam koordinat di tata letak perpipaan. hasil penelitian dalam menganalisa Analisis sistem perpipaan ini meliputi analisa tegangan menggunakan Sofware Caesar II berdasarkan ASME B31.3 Piping Process yang bertujuan untuk memperoleh kondisi sistem perpipaan yang aman beroperasi.

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34

Harth, G. H., and T. P. Sherlock. "Monitoring the Service-Induced Damage in Utility Boiler Pressure Vessels and Piping Systems." Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology 107, no. 3 (August 1, 1985): 226–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3264440.

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Electric utilities are becoming more concerned about extending the life of older fossil-fueled power plants. Of particular interest are methods for estimating the remaining useful life of steam headers and main steam piping. This paper discusses different methodologies for determining exhausted and remaining life of these components. An example of a header which was found to have exhausted its useful life is also presented.

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Michaud, Suzanne, Samir Ziada, and Henri Pastorel. "Acoustic Fatigue of a Steam Dump Pipe System Excited by Valve Noise." Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology 123, no. 4 (May 23, 2001): 461–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1400741.

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The steam dump system in Gentilly Nuclear Power Plant consists of four parallel steam pipes, each of which comprises a steam control valve. Two pipes of this system experienced high-cycle fatigue damage. In-situ vibration and dynamic strain measurements were therefore conducted to identify the cause of the damage and formulate suitable counter-measures. The test results pointed to the high-frequency noise of the valve as the primary source causing the fatigue failure. By means of small-scale model tests, using a compressed air network, a new valve stem was developed, which produces a substantially lower noise level than that generated by the original valve stem. Implementing this new stem in the plant, without any other modifications in the valve body or the piping system, significantly reduced the dynamic stresses of the piping, but increased the vibration level of the valve itself. An alternative valve stem, which is a simpler version of the new design, was therefore tested and found to reduce the pipe stresses sufficiently while not increasing the level of valve vibration.

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Stewart, W. E., and J. L. Verhulst. "Experimental Free Convection From Piping in District Heating Utilidors." Journal of Energy Resources Technology 108, no. 2 (June 1, 1986): 173–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3231258.

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Experiments were performed to study the two-dimensional natural convection heat transfer from two heated isothermal horizontal cylinders to an isothermal-cooled rectangular enclosure. The experiments were designed to simulate the heat transfer encountered in underground heat distribution systems where steam and condensate lines are routed through underground or in-ground corridors (utilidors) from a central plant. The steam supply and condensate return lines were simulated with two copper cylinders. The fluid between the cylinders and enclosure was distilled water to simulate the Rayleigh number range encountered with air in actual utilidors. Results were obtained for the overall heat transfer coefficient between the two cylinders and the enclosure. The data was correlated over a Rayleigh number, RaL, range of 2.1 × 108 to 4.8 × 109 representative of the Rayleigh number, based upon a hypothetical gap width, in a typical utilidor exposed to extreme enclosure to piping temperature differential boundary conditions. The corresponding Nusselt numbers, NuL, ranged from 21 to 59 when both cylinders were heated for water as the intermediate fluid. Corresponding heat transfer coefficients calculated for the utilidor case with air as the intermediate fluid were found to be smaller compared to some other correlations for concentric cylinders.

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Ni, Weiming, Zhihua Ge, Lijun Yang, and Xiaoze Du. "Piping-Main Scheme for Condensers against the Adverse Impact of Environmental Conditions on Air-Cooled Thermal Power Units." Energies 13, no. 1 (December 30, 2019): 170. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13010170.

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To improve the adaptability of direct air-cooled power generating units to the variations of both meteorological condition and power load, a piping-main arrangement of air-cooled condensers was proposed. The heat and mass transfer models of the air-side were established for the air cooling system of 2 × 600 MW thermal power generating units. The coupled model for both flow resistance loss and condensate flow rate distributions of exhaust steam inside air-cooled condensers were developed based on the temperature fields through numerical simulation. Calculation results, including the condensate flow rate, back pressure, and coal consumption rate, were acquired under different ambient temperatures and wind velocities. The results show that the proposed piping-main arrangement can weaken the ambient wind impacts and reduce the backpressure significantly in summer by adjusting the number of air-cooled condenser cells in operation. The steam flow rate can be uniformed effectively by adjusting the number of operating air-cooled condenser cells during winter. It can also avoid the freezing accident in winter while cooling the exhaust steam of two turbines by part air-cooled condenser cells.

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van Niekerk, J. L., P. S. Heyns, M. P. Hindley, and C. Erasmus. "Estimation of high energy steam piping degradation using hybrid recurrent neural networks." International Journal of Pressure Vessels and Piping 186 (September 2020): 104127. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpvp.2020.104127.

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39

Rantala, J., J. Salonen, P. Auerkari, S. Holmström, O. Lehtinen, M. Pitkänen, and R. Nikkarila. "Life extension of hot steam piping after 200 000 h of service." Energy Materials 2, no. 2 (June 2007): 104–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/174892407x266680.

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40

Diesselhorst, Tilman. "ICONE11-36558 ACCUMULATION OF RADIOLYTIC GASES IN BWR STEAM PIPING AND COMPONENTS." Proceedings of the International Conference on Nuclear Engineering (ICONE) 2003 (2003): 325. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeicone.2003.325.

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41

Valenti, Michael. "Converting from Steam to Gas." Mechanical Engineering 120, no. 02 (February 1, 1998): 70–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1998-feb-2.

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This article reviews how some factory managers are reducing energy and maintenance costs by replacing their aging steam systems with natural-gas-fired heating units. The benefits of lower energy bills and greater energy efficiency are obvious, but switching from steam to gas heating can also increase worker comfort, boosting morale and productivity. Such bonuses have been gained recently at a CF&I Steel L.P. works in Pueblo, Colo., and a Chrysler Corp. engine facility in Kenosha, Wisconsin. The process of switching to gas can reduce maintenance costs, because gas systems have an inherently less troublesome design than steam-distributed piping systems. A major advantage of infrared h eating systems is that they can provide the same degree of comfort at lower energy costs than conventional forced-air systems and boiler systems such as CF&I’s. Each group of five heaters in the CF&I machine shop was placed in a single thermostat system with a 24-hour timer as an additional measure to ensure efficiency.

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42

Yoon, Kee Bong, Van Giang Nguyen, Tuan Son Nguyen, Seong Yong Jeong, Joo Young Lee, and Ji Yoon Kim. "Safety Assessment of By-product Gas Piping after Design Change." Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas 17, no. 2 (April 30, 2013): 50–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.7842/kigas.2013.17.2.50.

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Varrasi, John. "The True Harnessing of Steam." Mechanical Engineering 127, no. 01 (January 1, 2005): 46–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2005-jan-6.

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This article discusses that although it remains the worst maritime disaster in the US history, the Sultana explosion was not an isolated incident in the United States. Boiler explosions occurred with alarming frequency, not only on board steamboats, but also in factories, mines, sawmill, and woodworking shops. Legend has it that the group came together expressly to address the problem of unsafe boilers, but the initial objectives of ASME were modest. The founders were seeking a reliable system for technical information exchange as well as a social setting. The publication of the first ASME Boiler Code in 1914 was a symbolic moment in the history of the Society, an event that would help define the organization and contribute to its stature and importance in the mechanical engineering community for decades to follow. Ninety years later, the Society today has approximately 3400 active volunteers working on committees that combine to issue more than 600 standards. The standards detail the proper dimensions of a wide range of manufactured objects, from pressure vessels and piping to screw threads. However varied they are, they serve a single purpose: to make sure that all the pieces fit and hold together safely, even under pressure.

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Li, Rui, Yu Jun Liu, and Kunihiro Hamada. "Research on the ITOC Based Solutions for Ship-Piping Jobshop Scheduling." Advanced Materials Research 314-316 (August 2011): 2046–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.314-316.2046.

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Manufacturing of ship piping systems is one of the major production activities in shipbuilding. The schedule of pipe production has an important impact on the master schedule of shipbuilding. In this research, the ITOC concept was introduced to solve the scheduling problems of a piping jobshop, and an intelligent scheduling system was developed. The system, in which a product model, an operation model, a factory model, and a knowledge database of piping production were integrated, automated the planning process and production scheduling. Details of the above points were discussed. Moreover, an application of the system in a piping factory, which achieved a higher level of performance as measured by tardiness, lead time, and inventory was demonstrated.

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Waseem, Owais Ahmed, Waqas Ahmed Waseem, Mahmood Khan, and Anwar Ul Hasson Syed. "Degradation due to ageing in extraction steam piping of a nuclear power plant." International Journal of ADVANCED AND APPLIED SCIENCES 3, no. 7 (July 2016): 75–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.21833/ijaas.2016.07.012.

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NISHITANI, N., T. FUJII, H. ASANO, K. SUGIMOTO, H. YUMOTO, and Y. NISHIKAWA. "A Study of Water Hammer Phenomena caused by Steam flow to Drain Piping." Proceedings of Conference of Kansai Branch 2003.78 (2003): _8–13_—_8–14_. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmekansai.2003.78._8-13_.

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Michel, Rudolph. "CONSIDERATIONS DETERMINING THE SIZE AND THICKNESS OF MAIN STEAM PIPING FOR NAVAL VESSELS." Journal of the American Society for Naval Engineers 59, no. 3 (March 18, 2009): 334–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-3584.1947.tb02740.x.

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NISHIDA, Hidetaka. "J0310402 Development of Pipe-reinforcing technique for 9%Cr Steel Welding Steam Piping." Proceedings of Mechanical Engineering Congress, Japan 2015 (2015): _J0310402——_J0310402—. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmemecj.2015._j0310402-.

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49

Bieselt, R. W., and H. Spörl. "Integrity of feedwater and main steam piping in KWU light water reactor plants." Nuclear Engineering and Design 94, no. 3 (July 1986): 259–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0029-5493(86)90008-7.

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50

Wu, Yan, Ruiqi Wang, Yufei Wang, and Xiao Feng. "An area-wide layout design method considering piecewise steam piping and energy loss." Chemical Engineering Research and Design 138 (October 2018): 405–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cherd.2018.09.007.

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