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Journal articles on the topic 'Steam Bath'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 25 February 2023

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1

Mentari, Gaya, and Yuhaswita. "Spread of Traditional Steam Bathing as a Track Identification of Spices in Indonesia." Lakon : Jurnal Kajian Sastra dan Budaya 11, no. 1 (June 30, 2022): 28–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/lakon.v11i1.35206.

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Spices are a hot issue that is now being discussed by various groups. The Presence of spices in the archipelago became one of the pioneers for various cultural manifestations that appeared in various regions of the archipelago. One form of the presence of spices that is reflected in this cultural form is the traditional steam bath which is carried out in various regions in the archipelago. This paper tries to examine the traditional steam bath which has the potential to become an intangible cultural heritage in Indonesia. In addition to this potential, traditional steam baths can also be an indicator of the distribution of spice plants in the archipelago from the past to the present. Therefore, this study uses qualitative methods and searches for sources of information from literature studies. The result of the study shows that traditional steam bathing is a spice bath tradition that is spread across ten regions in Indonesia and is dominated by people who have a background of Malay cultural influence.
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Maharani, Kristina, Choirul Anwar, and Agus Suwandono. "Kombinasi Herbal Steam Bath dan Massage Terapi pada Ibu Nifas dalam Mencegah Post Partum Blues." Jurnal Keperawatan Silampari 2, no. 2 (June 2, 2019): 123–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.31539/jks.v2i2.509.

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The purpose of this study was to analyze the effectiveness of a combination of herbal steam bath and massage therapy as a way to prevent post partum blues of postpartum mothers. This type of quasi experiment research design with pre-test and post-test control group. The results of the study, herbal steam bath and massage therapy are more effective than conventional puerperal care in the prevention of post partum blues with a p-value <0.05. Conclusion, Herbal steam bath and massage therapy can be used as an alternative therapy in the prevention of post partum blues. Keywords: Herbal Steam Bath, Massage therapy, Postpartum Blues, Postpartum Blues
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3

Kumar, Vijay, and Sunil Kumar. "Acute Dehydrative Effect of Steam Bath on High Muscle Mass Athletes." Global Journal For Research Analysis 3, no. 3 (June 15, 2012): 116–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.15373/22778160/mar2014/79.

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4

Birle, P. R. Asbin, Anusha ., and T. W. Sowmiya. "Immediate Effect of Steam Bath Followed by Cold Shower on Body Temperature Among the Healthy Individuals: A Single Arm Study." International Journal of Health Sciences and Research 13, no. 1 (January 11, 2023): 8–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.52403/ijhsr.20230102.

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Introduction: Hydrotherapy is one of the basic methods of traditional treatment widely used in the system of naturopathy and this is the external or internal use of water in any of its forms (water, ice or steam) for health promotion or treatment of various diseases under different temperatures, pressure, duration and site depends on the condition. Steam bath is a form of hydrotherapy in which the person gets exposed to steam inside a wooden cabin except his head. This study aims to find out the immediate effect of steam bath followed by cold shower on body temperature among healthy volunteers. Materials and Methods: Fifteen volunteers were randomly selected from medical students enrolled in a naturopathic programme. The participants were of both sexes aged between 18 and 20 years. A steam bath was given to each of the participants for 20 minutes followed by cold shower for 5 minutes. The outcome measure was body temperature. Results: All the 15 participants were completed the study, all the participants have shown reduction in body temperature (p=.001) was statistically significant. Discussion: This study reveals that steam bath for 20 minutes followed by cold shower duration of 5 minutes reduces body temperature significantly. This may be due to heat loss from body through evaporation of secreted sweat and cold shower. Further studies are required to confirm our findings in different population. Key words: Hydrotherapy, steam bath, cold shower, body temperature, healthy individuals.
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5

Kugelmass, Jack. "Ethnography in a Steam Bath: The Shvitz . Jonathan Berman." American Anthropologist 96, no. 4 (December 1994): 952–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/aa.1994.96.4.02a00130.

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6

Bjerregaard, Mikael Manøe. "Badstuer i middelalderen." Kuml 57, no. 57 (October 31, 2008): 211–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/kuml.v57i57.24661.

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Bath-houses in medieval Denmark – a cultural historyThe subject of this article is bath-houses in medieval Denmark. The text is based on all available written sources from Denmark, but in order to obtain a fuller perspective on some aspects of the history of bath-houses it has also been necessary to use German sources as a supplement.Based on the scant historical records dealing with the course of actual bathing activity, it is argued that the most common bath was the sweat bath (similar to a ­modern sauna) rather than tub baths. A stove covered with granite boulders was heated and the bathers would produce sweat using either the direct heat of the stove or from steam produced by pouring cold water onto the hot stones. Sweating was further stimulated by beating the body with bundles of birch twigs and the bath culminated with rinsing in cold water (figs. 2-4). It is argued that, similar to the situation in both Germany and Sweden, bath-house staff would offer haircuts, bleeding and the treatment of wounds in addition to an actual bath (figs. 5-6). ­Referring to specific medieval illustrations, some argue that men and women bathed together in the public bath-houses, leading to sexual excesses. However, the relevant illustrations often depict brothels and not public baths (fig. 1).It is evident from historical records that members of all social classes frequented the public bath-houses – even royalty. From the early 14th century onwards we have historical evidence of so-called soul baths i.e. sums of money bequeathed by wealthy people to the poor to enable the latter to take a bath, often accompanied by a meal. Such bequests were common in the late 15th century but disappeared abruptly with the Reformation. According to medieval records, the use of bath-­houses was also considered important in order to maintain health.The earliest indications in historical records of the existence of bath-houses in Denmark are found in Saxo’s Chronicles from the end of 12th century. From the 1260s onward specific bath-houses in towns appear in the historical records. Judging from the number of bath-houses mentioned in Danish towns it is argued that public bath-houses were a common feature in the urban landscape of medieval Denmark.The number of public bath-houses in towns declined at the beginning of the 16th century and even though a few existed in the major cities up until the 18th century the popularity of these institutions declined. The reasons for this are epidemics of syphilis occurring from the 1490s onward, the phasing out of soul baths and possibly a change in attitudes towards ­nudity and personal hygiene that resulted in a decline in general cleanliness in post-­medieval times.Mikael Manøe BjerregaardVejle Museum
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7

Harini, Nyang Vania Ayuningtyas, and Yeyen Ilmiasari. "PENGARUH MANDI UAP REMPAH NUSANTARA TERHADAP PENINGKATAN IMUNITAS TUBUH PASIEN COVID-19 DI LAMPUNG TENGAH." Journal of Agriculture and Animal Science 1, no. 2 (October 31, 2021): 101–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.47637/agrimals.v1i2.487.

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Coronavirus disease (Covid19) is an infectious disease caused by the SARSCoV2 virus. Most people infected with COVID-19 show mild to moderate symptoms and recover without specific treatment. According to the monitoring results of the Lampung Provincial government, patients with Covid-19 cases in Lampung until June reached 57110 people. Patients with Covid-19 cases in Central Lampung until June 2022 reached 4,549 people. The main thing we need to know is that we will easily catch the Covid-19 virus if our immune system decreases. One alternative to increase the body's immunity is to take a spice steam bath or often referred to as an archipelago spice sauna. The Nusantara Spice Sauna is a therapy that uses warm steam as a medium. People undergoing this therapy will be placed in specially designed cubicles. This research was conducted in Gunung Sugih, Central Lampung Regency, RSUD Demang Island Raya from July – August 2021. The study used a simple randomized method for the number of Covid-19 patients. The main variables are counting the number of patients exposed to the Covid-19 virus and counting the number of patients who experience changes after taking the archipelago spice steam bath. For this experiment, the number of samples was 30 people who were exposed to the Covid-19 virus. In the fourth week, many patients have experienced a change for the better. Both in terms of health (negative Covid-19) and psychology. It is suspected, with the steam bath of Nusantara spices, the patient will excrete toxins in the body through sweat. In addition, the spice steam contains essential oils (essential oils) that can cleanse the internal organs of the body (detox). The warm steam also produces aromatherapy which increases the relaxing effect. reduce stress levels and increase body immunity so that the body is exposed to the Covid-19 virus. In the fourth week, many patients have experienced a change for the better. Both in terms of health (negative Covid-19) and psychology. It is suspected, with the steam bath of Nusantara spices, the patient will excrete toxins in the body through sweat. In addition, the spice steam contains essential oils (essential oils) that can cleanse the internal organs of the body (detox). Aromatherapy produced from warm steam can increase the relaxation effect, reduce stress levels and increase body immunity so that the body is not exposed to the Covid-19 virus.
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8

Barfield, Lawrence, and Mike Hodder. "Burnt mounds as saunas, and the prehistory of bathing." Antiquity 61, no. 233 (November 1987): 370–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003598x00072926.

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The physical scale of buildings like the Baths of Caracalla give the clearest indication of the importance of bathing in the classical order of things – though whether what Romans did in the bath was always clean and decent may be an open question. But what about the prehistory of bathing, and particularly of bathing in steam? An answer is given here which links the historical and ethnographic record to burnt mounds, among the more common and puzzling types of north European site.
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9

Duda, Marty. "The Medical Risks and Benefits of Sauna, Steam Bath, and Whirlpool Use." Physician and Sportsmedicine 15, no. 5 (May 1987): 170–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00913847.1987.11709359.

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10

Rhomadona, Shinta Wurdiana, and Dianita Primihastuti. "KOMBINASI HERBAL STEAM BATH DAN PIJAT ENDORPHIN TERHADAP PENINGKATAN PRODUKSI ASI PADA IBU NIFAS DI WILAYAH SURABAYA." Jurnal Keperawatan 11, no. 2 (December 6, 2022): 9–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.47560/kep.v11i2.373.

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Pentingnya memberikan ASI telah memiliki bukti kuat(1). Namun kenyataanya, banyak kendala dalam penerapanya(2). Data menunjukkan bahwa pemberian ASI eksklusif di Indonesia sebesar 89,4%(2020). Salah satu penyebabnya stres yang dialami ibu akan menghambat pelepasan hormon oksitosin, jika terjadi stres refluks oksitosin akan terhambat akibat pelepasan adrenalin oleh hormon stres yang mempengaruhi produksi ASI(3). Faktor fisik akibat komplikasi ataupun kelelahan setelah melahirkan juga berdampak pada produksi ASI(4)(1). Metode non-farmakologik yang dapat membantu menstimulasi produksi ASI adalah dengan herbal steam bath(5). Ini merupakan budaya kearifan lokal yang sampai saat ini masih dilestarikan di berbagai wilayah Indonesia sebagai terapi pada ibu nifas. Alternative lain yang memiliki tujuan serupa dengan herbal steam bath adalah pijat endorphin yang dapat merangsang hipofisis posterior untuk menghasilkan oksitosin, sehingga hal ini dapat meningkatkan produksi ASI(6). Penerapan kedua metode ini kepada ibu nifas diharapkan mampu meningkatkan produksi ASI. Tujuan penellitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis pengaruh kombinasi herbal steam bath dan pijat endorphin terhadap produksi ASI ibu nifas di wilayah surabaya. Desain penelitian ini adalah quasy experiment (two group pre-post test design). Penelitian ini dilakukan pada ibu nifas di TPMB wilayah Surabaya. Penelitian dilakukan selama 6 bulan dari bulan Juni 2022 – November 2022. Penentuan sampel menggunakan teknik purposive sampling berdasarkan kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi. Kelompok perlakuan diberikan intervensi selama 1 minggu sebanyak 2x yaitu Herbal Steam Bath selama 5-20 menit, sedangkan pijat endorphin selama 20 menit. Pijat oksitosin dilakukan pada kelompok kontrol selama 1 minggu dengan frekuensi 2 kali dalam seminggu selama 20 menit. Masing-masing kelompok diberikan pre test dan post test untuk mengetahui produksi ASI dengan indikator peningkatan BB bayi, peningkatan frekuensi BAK dan BAB. Analisis data dengan wilcoxon dan Mann Whitney. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan kombinasi mandi uap herbal dan pijat endorphin terhadap peningkatan produksi ASI dengan nilai =0,000 atau < 0,05. Terdapat perbedaan produksi ASI yang signifikan pada kelompok perlakuan dibandingkan dengan kelompok kontrol dengan nilai =0,000 atau < 0,05. Kesimpulan: Dengan melakukan kombinasi mandi uap herbal dan pijat endorphin secara teratur dapat meningkatkan produksi ASI.
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11

Shiralkar, Vandana V., Pratap E. Jagtap, Gajanan J. Belwalkar, Nitin S. Nagane, and Sushama P. Dhonde. "Effect of Steam Sauna Bath on Fasting Blood Glucose Level in Healthy Adults." Indian journal of Medical Biochemistry 22, no. 1 (2018): 18–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10054-0047.

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12

Wakhidah, Anisatu Z., and Marina Silalahi. "Study Ethnomedicine Betimun: The Traditional Steam Bath Herb of Saibatin Sub-tribe, Lampung." STRADA Jurnal Ilmiah Kesehatan 9, no. 2 (November 1, 2020): 1258–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.30994/sjik.v9i2.257.

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The study revealed as many as 6 species from 3 families used in the preparation of betimun herb, Zingiberaceae was the family with the highest number of species (4 species). The used part of all plant species was leaves, while the acquisition source was from homegarden. The betimun herb was made by boiling the plants leaves. The usage way by confining the user with a sarong then the herb placed between his/her legs. Biological activities contained in the secondary metabolite compound composition of betimun herb were anti-fungal, anti-bacterial, antioxidant, aromatherapy, anti-oxidant, anti-glycation, sedative, anti-hypertensive, and astringent. This study proved that the betimun concoction has roles in eliminating body odor, fatigue, and aches; preventing and treating vaginal discharge; recovering the postpartum women's condition; slowing down the aging process, and accelerating the metabolic process. Betimun concoction potentially to be developed as a ready-use product such as phyto-simplicia.
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13

GERBER, H., H. LEHMANN, and F. SOMM. "Continuous Dyeing of Fabrics by the One-bath ‘Extended-time’ Pad-Steam Process." Journal of the Society of Dyers and Colourists 87, no. 12 (October 22, 2008): 458–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1478-4408.1971.tb02989.x.

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14

Corredig, Milena, and Douglas G. Dalgleish. "Effect of different heat treatments on the strong binding interactions between whey proteins and milk fat globules in whole milk." Journal of Dairy Research 63, no. 3 (August 1996): 441–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022029900031940.

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SummaryThe heat-induced binding of whey proteins to milk fat globule membranes in whole milk was investigated by quantitative electrophoresis and laser scanning densitometry. Both α-lactalbumin and β-lactoglobulin bound to the surfaces of fat globules when milk was heated in a water bath in the temperature range 65–85 °C. The interaction behaviour of α-lactalbumin did not seem to change with temperature, and the total amount of protein bound was ∼ 0·2 mg/g fat contained in the cream. The quantity of βlactoglobulin interacting with the milk fat globules increased with temperature from 02 to 0·7 mg/g fat between 65° and 85 °C. Even in whole milk heated at batch pasteurization temperatures (60–65 °C), α-lactalbumin and β-lactoglobulin were found attached to the fat globules. The interactions of the whey proteins with intact fat globule membranes were also investigated in milk heated in an industrial system (a pilot scale UHT and high temperature short time module), and the results were compared with those from the laboratory treatment (simple batch heating). The binding of the whey proteins to fat globules differed between milk heated by UHT using indirect steam heating or direct steam injection (DSI). However, the surface load in milk treated by DSI was not comparable to that of milk treated by batch heating or indirect steam heating, because of the changes in fat globule size and membrane composition caused by the DSI process.
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15

Panov, S. F., and A. A. Pleshakov. "Influence of a steam bath on gastric secretion and certain endocrine shifts in wrestlers." Human Physiology 37, no. 2 (March 2011): 206–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0362119711010130.

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Tungsukruthai, Parunkul, Preecha Nootim, Wiwan Worakunphanich, and Nareerat Tabtong. "Efficacy and safety of herbal steam bath in allergic rhinitis: a randomized controlled trial." Journal of Integrative Medicine 16, no. 1 (January 2018): 39–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.joim.2017.12.010.

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17

Potvin, J. "Vapour and Steam: The Victorian Turkish Bath, Homosocial Health, and Male Bodies on Display." Journal of Design History 18, no. 4 (January 1, 2005): 319–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jdh/epi051.

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18

Rankoana, Sejabaledi A. "Indigenous Plant-Derived Medical Applications for Primary Health Care." International Journal of Social Science Research and Review 5, no. 11 (November 5, 2022): 163–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.47814/ijssrr.v5i11.719.

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Traditional medicine is an important primary health care resource for many people and has been acknowledged as a necessary component of reaching universal health. The purpose of this research is to offer an overview of indigenous plant-derived medicinal applications administered to treat current human ailments. The data were collected via a mixed-methods research in four Bapedi communities in South Africa's Limpopo Province. The research documented six different techniques for administering indigenous plant-derived medications, including decoction, infusion, steam bath, incense, poultice, and powder. These uses are determined by the kind of plant material employed and the type of illness being treated. For instance, a leaf poultice is applied directly to wounds to promote healing, while decoctions and infusions of the root, bark, and bulb are used as purgatives and enemas to treat gastrointestinal diseases and as emetics to alleviate cough. Steam baths and incense inhalation increase sweat, which is beneficial in the treatment of fever and cough. The standard dose for decoctions and infusions is a teacup, but there are no accounts of particular dosages for poultices, steam, ash, burned root, or leaf sap. This research advises hastening the process of authenticating traditional medicine in order to assure optimal practices, such as accurate dosage uses for medications.
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SUZUKI, Masatomi, Masuo KAJI, Mitsuru KURIBAYASI, Goichi MATSUI, and Isao KATAOKA. "F105 Flow Boiling Heat Transfer and Wall Temperature Distributions of Helically Coiled Steam Generator Heated in Oil Bath(Heat Exchanger)." Proceedings of the International Conference on Power Engineering (ICOPE) 2009.1 (2009): _1–317_—_1–322_. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeicope.2009.1._1-317_.

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20

Chowdhury, Ranajit Sen, Md Daharul Islam, Khaleda Akter, Mohammad Abdus Sattar Sarkar, Tanima Roy, and SM Tajdit Rahman. "Therapeutic Aspects of Hydrotherapy: A Review." Bangladesh Journal of Medicine 32, no. 2 (June 5, 2021): 138–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjm.v32i2.53791.

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Hydrotherapy is a procedure where water of different temperatures are used to relieve pain and treat illness. This review describes about different conditions of water treatments. Hydrotherapy can help treat a variety of conditions, including arthritis, stomach problems, sleep disorders, stress and depression. The theory behind hydrotherapy is that water has healing properties that can mitigate various ailments and conditions. Different states of water such as ice, liquid, and steam is used in the treatment of various conditions. Water cure therapies comprise enema therapy, gel therapy etc. and also includes colonic hydrotropic, sitz bath, hydro-massage, wraps and compress methods. Cryotherapy, cold water immersion or ice bath could be a new treatment method thatis used by physical therapists, sports medicine facilities and rehab clinics. Bangladesh J Medicine July 2021; 32(2) : 138-141
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21

Abe, T., M. Hirohata, N. Tanaka, Y. Uchiyama, H. Morimitsu, N. Fujimura, Y. Takeuchi, K. Kojima, and N. Hayabuchi. "Stability of Microcatheter for Cerebral Aneurysm Embolization after Steam Shaping." Interventional Neuroradiology 10, no. 1_suppl (March 2004): 117–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/15910199040100s120.

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To compare the performance of stability after steam shaping on 4 types of microcatheters, which are commonly used for cerebral aneurysm embolization, an experimental simulation was performed. Distal portion of the microcatheters were shaped into the 90 degree with length of 5 mm with the steam under the instruction of each catheter. In the temperature kept water bath, the change of the angle of the catheter tips were recorded and measured. Several stresses were added to the tips with coaxially passing through the guiding catheter, using guidewire and Guglielmi detachable coil (GDC). The degree of straightening was prominent on braided microcatheters and on the short length of shaping. The degree of recover of the primary shaping was prominent on non-braided catheter. The most influence factor of straightening of shaped catheter tip was the stress from the manipulation of guidewire. The influence from the inserting GDC was less than the guidewire manipulation. It was shown that the decreased angle after large stress was recovered under the situation of without or with small stress. Our study shows that the non-braided microcatheter was suitable when stability of microcatheter tip after steam shaping was requested for aneurysm coiling.
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Hahn, Kornelia. "Kese and Tellak: Cultural Framings of Body Treatments in the ‘Turkish Bath’." European Review 24, no. 3 (June 21, 2016): 462–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1062798716000193.

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Using water for body treatments has an especially long tradition in many cultures and, is deeply intertwined with Roman and Ottoman culture. However, it is clear that today it is not possible to attribute bathing – not even a specific type of bathing, such as the hammam steam bath – to one particular culture (ignoring the obvious problems associated with trying to delineate clearly between such blurred constructs as a specific culture or as a discrete entity). Thus, the ‘Turkish bath’ is a widely used term introduced to Europe in the eighteenth century or applied to various different manifestations. The term reflects the European perception of Turkish bathing culture, primarily connected with bathing within a hammam complex or – as the Turkish term goes – a hammami. Bathing in the hammam-style is rather a Roman cultural practice, an element adapted and integrated in Ottoman culture and readapted thereafter into modern Western culture. It is often believed that these practices are rooted in the cultural history of the present state of Turkey (although ancient ‘Turkish bath’ architecture famously exists in Greece or Albania, too1). Furthermore, the geographical or architectural nexus between mosques and hammams and, also, the temporal order of Islamic culture (in which visiting a hammam before various ritual occasions is required) have often suggested seeing the Turkish bath as a religious custom.
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Trajano, Heather L., Jaclyn D. DeMartini, Michael H. Studer, and Charles E. Wyman. "Comparison of the Effectiveness of a Fluidized Sand Bath and a Steam Chamber for Reactor Heating." Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 52, no. 13 (March 19, 2013): 4932–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ie301869a.

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Chen, Bo, Hongsheng Zhan, Mei Chung, Xun Lin, Min Zhang, Jian Pang, and Chenchen Wang. "Chinese Herbal Bath Therapy for the Treatment of Knee Osteoarthritis: Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2015 (2015): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/949172.

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Objective. Chinese herbal bath therapy (CHBT) has traditionally been considered to have analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects. We conducted the first meta-analysis evaluating its benefits for patients with knee osteoarthritis (OA).Methods. We searched three English and four Chinese databases through October, 2014. Randomized trials evaluating at least 2 weeks of CHBT for knee OA were selected. The effects of CHBT on clinical symptoms included both pain level (via the visual analog scale) and total effectiveness rate, which assessed pain, physical performance, and wellness. We performed random-effects meta-analyses using mean difference.Results. Fifteen studies totaling 1618 subjects met eligibility criteria. Bath prescription included, on average, 13 Chinese herbs with directions to steam and wash around the knee for 20–40 minutes once or twice daily. Mean treatment duration was 3 weeks. Results from meta-analysis showed superior pain improvement (mean difference = −0.59 points; 95% confidence intervals [CI], −0.83 to −0.36;p<0.00001) and higher total effectiveness rate (risk ratio = 1.21; 95% CI, 1.15 to 1.28;p<0.00001) when compared with standard western treatment. No serious adverse events were reported.Conclusion. Chinese herbal bath therapy may be a safe, effective, and simple alternative treatment modality for knee OA. Further rigorously designed, randomized trials are warranted.
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Thompson, Lisa M., Michael Clark, Brie Cadman, Eduardo Canúz, and Kirk R. Smith. "Exposures to High Levels of Carbon Monoxide from Wood-fired Temazcal (Steam Bath) Use in Highland Guatemala." International Journal of Occupational and Environmental Health 17, no. 2 (April 2011): 103–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/107735211799030979.

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Kim, Hyoung Seop, Ja Young Choi, and Mi Ri Seo. "Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome (PRES) in a Chronic Alcoholic Patient after Having Steam Bath: A Case Report." Brain & Neurorehabilitation 7, no. 1 (2014): 66. http://dx.doi.org/10.12786/bn.2014.7.1.66.

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Popovic, Marko. "The bathing chamber in the castle of Novo Brdo." Starinar, no. 68 (2018): 175–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/sta1868175p.

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A recent archaeological excavation of the Castle of the town of Novo Brdo has discovered residential buildings from the second quarter of the 14th century as well as the remains of a subsequently built bath, dated to the end of the 14th or beginning of the 15th century. Built on a small area, the bath consisted of a single bathing chamber above a hypocaust, a water reservoir and a furnace. Since there were no natural springs or groundwater wells, it was supplied with water from cisterns. The bathing chamber, originally domed, was not furnished with a masonry water basin. It was heated by an under floor hypocaust system and by steam conveyed by pipes from are servoir of boiling water. The only known analogies for this small structure, presently the only such discovered in medieval Serbia and its neighborhood, are bathing chambers in residential complexes in the region of Amalfi, southern Italy.
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Urm, Kee Won, Seon Ho Lee, Woo Sung Kim, Chang Yeol Cho, and Jong Ho Lee. "Pulse Electroplating of Ni-P-Nano TiO2 and ZrO2 for Steam Generator Tube Repair." Advanced Materials Research 26-28 (October 2007): 1067–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.26-28.1067.

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Steam generator tubes provide the pressure boundary between the primary and secondary regions of a nuclear power plant. Alloy 600 is a tube material with good corrosion resistance; however, tubes of this material have experienced damage, particularly as Stress Corrosion Cracking, under the elevated temperature and pressure environment of a nuclear power plant. These damaged tubes must be repaired to prevent leakage of radioactive material from the primary to the second regions in the nuclear steam generator. In this study, Ni-P-Nano TiO2 and ZrO2 layers were produced by pulse electroplating for steam generator tube repair. These electroplate layers were obtained from Ni sulfamate bath with an added small quantity of H3PO3 and Nano TiO2 and ZrO2 particles with an average size of 20-80nm. Results of TEM analysis in these layers show that Nano TiO2 and ZrO2 particles were uniformly distributed into the electroplated Ni matrix and the tensile strength of these layers at 800-1000MPa was higher than that of alloy 600 with a conventional pure Ni electroplate layer.
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Katsaboxakis, Kostanttne. "Determination of Moisture in Raisins." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 80, no. 2 (March 1, 1997): 439–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/80.2.439.

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Abstract The determination of moisture in Soultanina raisins by drying in a steam bath with diatomaceous earth to constant weight (about 70 min) was compared with the official AOAC Method 22.013, which uses asbestos and requires 6 h of drying at 70°C under &lt;100 mm Hg. Five different samples (moisture 11-22%) were analyzed by the 2 methods; the mean values of 9 replications did not differ significantly. The new method is rapid and simple, and it eliminates asbestos, a known carcinogenic substance, from the determination.
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Scarre, Chris. "EDITORIAL." Antiquity 89, no. 346 (August 2015): 775–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.15184/aqy.2015.95.

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In a famous and oft-quoted passage, the Greek historian Herodotus tells us of a curious custom concerning the Scythians, the peoples inhabiting the steppe lands north of the Black Sea. After burying their dead, they purify themselves in a makeshift tent: “when they have set up three pieces of wood leaning against each other, they extend around them woollen cloths; and having joined them together as closely as possible, they throw red-hot stones into a vessel placed in the middle [. . .] They have a sort of hemp growing in this country, very like flax, except in thickness and height: [. . .] When therefore the Scythians have taken some seed of this hemp, they creep under the cloths, and then put the seed on the red-hot stones; but this being put on, smokes, and produces such a steam that no Greek vapour-bath would surpass it. The Scythians, transported with the vapour, shout aloud; and this serves them instead of washing, for they never bathe the body in water” (Herodotus 4.73–75).
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Dinu, Monica, Lucian Cristian Ratoiu, Camelia Călin, and Gerard Călin. "Multi-Analytical Investigations of the Medieval Turkish Bath from Golești Open Air Museum." Buildings 13, no. 2 (January 21, 2023): 321. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings13020321.

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The Golești Manor ensemble consists of architectural monuments dating back to the 17th, 18th, and 19th centuries, with ephemeral architecture roots from Phanariot times but also some pre- Brancovan influences. The Turkish steam bath is placed in the northeast of the enclosure, and it is thought to have been built by Stroe Leurdeanu. Although there are still original fragments of the old plaster that have been preserved, the Turkish bath has undergone several restorations through time, some of them poorly documented. Hyperspectral imaging (HSI) combined with LIBS were used in order to analyze the bricks and the mortars, evaluate their preservation state, map the original elements, and document and classify the interventions previously made. Based on the supervised classifications, several areas of interest were selected for LIBS elemental analysis, and multivariate data analysis was conducted in order to discriminate similar composition materials and to map the interventions and the original. By analyzing the variability of the spectral profiles, different algorithms were applied to the SWIR hyperspectral images in order to classify the main elements of the brickwork.
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Xiang, Y., Y. Xie, G. Long, and L. Li. "Volume Deformation Characteristics of Concrete Mixture during Thermal Curing Process." MATEC Web of Conferences 253 (2019): 01008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201925301008.

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Expansion deformation of concrete mixture during steam curing process was a kind of unrecoverable volume expansion which would definitely affect the performance of concrete component. Because there were a few researches on expansion deformation of concrete mixture during thermal curing process, a new test method composed of constant temperature water bath, eddy current measurement sensor and data processing program was developed to measure the expansion deformation. The volume deformation characteristics of a typical concrete used for preparing track slab of China high-speed railway were investigated. Test results indicated that volume deformation of concrete mixture could be divided into 2 stages. One was rapid expansion at heating stage and another one was slow shrinkage at constant temperature stage. Besides, the addition of combination of flying ash, slag, nano-silica and nano-calcium carbonate was benefit for controlling the eventual expansion deformation during the whole thermal curing process. Study could be an important reference for heightening quality of steam-cured concrete.
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Saitoh, Osamu, Ayaka Oikawa, Ayari Sugai, and Masaomi Chinushi. "Impedance decrement indexes for avoiding steam‐pop during bipolar radiofrequency ablation: An experimental study using a dual‐bath preparation." Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology 31, no. 12 (October 5, 2020): 3302–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jce.14764.

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Xiao, Wei, Xinhai Li, Zhixing Wang, and Huajun Guo. "Study on performances of ZSM-5 doped P(VDF-HFP) based composite polymer electrolyte prepared by steam bath technique." Iranian Polymer Journal 21, no. 8 (June 7, 2012): 481–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13726-012-0052-z.

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35

Nakashima, Marvin J., J. A. Gallman, R. R. Haynos, C. E. Highfield, G. P. Kelly, H. K. Loechelt, P. A. Millward, W. Ocus, A. Rodriguez, and M. D. Wirth. "Extraction of Light Filth from Oriental Sauces Containing Soy Sauce, Thickeners, and Spices: Collaborative Study." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 76, no. 1 (January 1, 1993): 47–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/76.1.47.

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Abstract Results are reported for a collaborative study of a method for the extraction of light filth from oriental sauces containing soy sauce, thickeners, and spices. A100 g test portion is pretreated in a 2% solution of Tergitol Anionic 4 over a steam bath, and oils are removed by wet-sieving on No. 230 sieve. Filth is isolated from 40% isopropanol by using Na4EDTA and mineral oil. Average recoveries by 9 collaborators for 3 spike levels of rat hairs (5,10, and 15) were 84, 78, and 79%, respectively; for insect fragments (5,15, and 30), recoveries were 92, 95, and 96%, respectively. The method was adopted first action by AOAC International.
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36

Liggett, W., K. ‐W Moon, and C. Handwerker. "An Experimental Method for Refinement of Solderability Measurement." Soldering & Surface Mount Technology 9, no. 2 (December 1, 1997): 14–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09540919710195181.

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An experimental method for measurement system improvement is presented and applied to development of a protocol for solderability measurement with a wetting balance. Protocol development is central to development of reliable monitoring systems for manufacturing. This paper illustrates the method with an experiment in which sets of nearly identical test leads, each with a different solderability, are obtained by steam ageing of hot‐solder‐dipped copper and then measured according to alternative protocols. The protocols entail different flux types and solder bath temperatures. This method can be used wherever solderability measurements are made and thus satisfies the need for in‐house refinement of wetting balance protocols.With the experimental method, one can both compare alternative measurement protocols and estimate the relative solderability of sets of test leads. The results of both depend on what feature of the wetting force curve one selects to portray solderability. The comparison of measurement protocols is based on what is variously called precision, sensitivity, or signal‐to‐noise ratio. The solderability estimates show that different physical properties of the test leads affect different parts of the wetting force curve, and that changes in the steam ageing procedure affect solderability in a generally predictable way.
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37

Alavi, Shiva, Seyyed Mohammad Mousavi, and Farinaz Shirban. "Effect of Heat Sterilization on the Load/Deflection of Heat-activated Orthodontic Wires." Orthodontic Journal of Nepal 4, no. 2 (December 31, 2014): 24–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ojn.v4i2.13893.

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Introduction: Some of the orthodontic wires are heat-activated (H-A) wires; sometimes delivered in non-sterile packages and some of whose properties can be influenced by heat treatment.Objective: To assess the heat sterilization effects on the load/deflection (L/D) properties of H-A orthodontic wires before application.Materials & method: Three groups of H-A wires (3 cm length and 0.016 inches diameter) were selected; Group A: Nitinol H-A, Group B: H-A memory wire, Group C: Sentalloy H-A. Forty five samples of each type were prepared and randomly divided into three equal groups of 15 wires. Group 1 was selected as control, Group 2 was sterilized by dry heat (2 hours, 160°c) and Group 3 was sterilized using steam heat (15 PSI, 24 min, 121°c). A universal testing machine was used to determine the load/deflection curve of the samples while immersed in 37°c water bath using 3-bracket bending method. The force levels in loading plateau (LP) and unloading plateau (UP) were determined. One-way ANOVA and Duncan post-hoc were used for data analysis.Result: In group A, LP and UP showed no statistical significant change. In Group B, steam heat decreased LP and UP but dry heat increased UP significantly. In Group C, steam and dry heat decreased UP and LP significantly.Conclusion: It seems that heat sterilization could alter the L/D properties of some H-A wires depending on the type of wires and sterilization method.
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Zumsteg, Isabelle S., and Caroline S. Weckerle. "Bakera, a herbal steam bath for postnatal care in Minahasa (Indonesia): Documentation of the plants used and assessment of the method." Journal of Ethnopharmacology 111, no. 3 (May 2007): 641–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2007.01.016.

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39

Yang, Ding Ao, Shou Qian Yuan, Ming Xue Jiang, Yu Zhang Li, Jian Ying Zheng, Zhi Ming Yu, and Qing Hai Xiao. "Hydration Kinetics Of Carbonized Spinel Carbon Brick With Al." Advanced Materials Research 284-286 (July 2011): 32–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.284-286.32.

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The hydration kinetics of carbonized spinel carbon bricks with different proportions of Mg / A1 additive has been studied in water steam of super thermostatic bath between 25°C and 85°C.The kinetic equations for hydration of the brick have been derived according to the experimental data and the theory of kinetics. Methods of various protections against hydration have been discussed. It shows that chemical reaction control occurs in the carbonized spinel carbon brick with Al and Mg at 44.3°C-84°C. The cracking time reduces from 40h to 4h with the rising of temperature verifies from 44°C to 84°C, the hydration is controlled by diffusion between 24.7°C and 33°C. And cracking does not appear after 50-day-and-night hydration at 24.7°C.
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40

Daniella, S., I. S. Kartawiria, and A. M. Marpaung. "Effect of blanching, acid type, and temperature on the extraction of anthocyanin from Tibouchina semidecandra flower." Food Research 5, no. 6 (December 5, 2021): 134–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.26656/fr.2017.5(6).770.

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Extraction is the most common way to obtain anthocyanins from their natural matrices. During the extraction, the anthocyanin may degrade due to the heat and acidic solvent. The objectives of this research were to determine the best acidic aqueous solution and temperature to extract anthocyanin from Tibouchina semidecandra flower and to decide if the blanching process has a significant effect on the extracted anthocyanin. The T. semidecandra petals were separated into two groups: steam blanched for 6 mins and without blanching. Both were dried for 24 hrs at 45°C and powdered. The extract was prepared by macerating the powdered petal into pH 3 aqueous solutions made of three different acids (citric, malic, and hydrochloric acid, respectively) in a water bath shaker at various temperatures (30, 45, 60, and 75°C) for an hour. The extracts were then filtered, centrifuged, and analysed for their colour intensity, browning index, monomeric anthocyanin, polymeric anthocyanin, and total phenolic content. The best method to obtain the highest colour intensity, monomeric anthocyanin, total phenolic content, and lowest browning index was using steam-blanched dried petal, citric or malic acid as solvent and extraction temperature at 60°C. The total monomeric anthocyanin and phenolic content of the extract was 3.63±0.35 mg/g dried petal and 74.47±11.47 mg/g dried petal, respectively.
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41

Knowlton, Timothy W., and Edber Dzidz Yam. "Perinatal Rites in the Ritual of the Bacabs, a Colonial Maya Manuscript." Ethnohistory 66, no. 4 (October 1, 2019): 721–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00141801-7683312.

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Abstract Pregnancy and childbirth were among indigenous Maya women’s most dangerous life experiences, with very high maternal and perinatal death rates from pre-Hispanic times through the first decades of the twentieth century. This article contributes to the knowledge of colonial Yucatec Maya women through the interpretation of documentary evidence of three indigenous rites meant to facilitate women’s perinatal health and successful childbirth. This evidence is contained in the eighteenth-century collection of healing chants known as the “ritual of the bacabs.” The chants include those for cooling the steam bath used in indigenous perinatal treatments, for difficulty in childbirth, and for rites surrounding the disposal of the afterbirth. Through an analysis that combines philological approaches with ethnographic interviews of contemporary Maya speakers, this article provides new insights into the intersection between ritual and culture-specific notions of the body among the colonial Maya.
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42

Hasan, Izharul, and Danish Kamal Chishti. "Hypertension and its Management through Alternative Regimes of Unani Medicine." Volume 3, Issue 1: January 2017 – March 2017 3, no. 1 (February 15, 2017): 280–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.32463/rphs.2017.v03i01.06.

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Blood pressure or hypertension has become one of the leading medical issues among people all over the world. High blood pressure, if not controlled can lead to a many other related problems. Among them are kidney disease, heart failure, eye problems, strokes, and heart attacks. Alternative traditional regimes have proved to be highly successful in lowering high blood pressure and also promoting good health and wellness among patients. Hypertension or high blood pressure is typically caused when the blood thickens and becomes heavier over time. However in few people also have a larger volume of blood circulating in their bodies that causes blood pressure levels to rise. Cupping therapy and steam bath are non-invasive form of treatment, and works to eliminate the root causes of high blood pressure and draw out the thick and stagnant blood so that pure, light blood can circulate more freely.
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43

Wang, Kai, Min Huang, Yue Huang, Zhong Hua Zhou, and Shirley Shen. "Preparation and Characterization of Water Absorbing and Anti-Fogging Coatings." Materials Science Forum 848 (March 2016): 722–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.848.722.

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Anti-fogging functional coatings have a broad application prospective in the fields of construction and transportation vehicles. In this study, superior water absorbing and anti-fogging coatings were prepared by a cure reaction using epoxy resins as water absorbent resins, hydroxyethyl ethylenediamine as a curing agent, γ-ammonia propyl triethoxy silane as a coupling agent, organic silicon sol as filler. The impact of additional polyethylene glycol (PEG) on the properties of water absorbing and antifogging coating has also been studied. The anti-fogging experiments were conducted in a 40 °C water steam bath, and the result shows that the sample with additional 4.0 % PEG has an anti-fogging time of 315 seconds (s), which is better than that without PEG (the anti-fogging time being 240s). Infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscope structure characterization indicate that the sample with additional PEG has an obvious three-dimensional network structure with hydroxyl groups, which leads to a great saturated water quantity and a superior anti-fogging performance.
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44

Kim, Hie-Joon, and Karen R. Conca. "Determination of Nitrite in Cured Meats by Ion-Exclusion Chromatography with Electrochemical Detection." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 73, no. 4 (July 1, 1990): 561–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/73.4.561.

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Abstract A rapid liquid chromatographic (LC) method was developed for a sensitive determination of nitrite In cured meats, using ion-exclusion chromatographic separation and electrochemical detection (IEC-EC). The current AOAC colorimetric method requires 2 h shaking In a steam bath to eliminate Interference from reducing compounds such as ascorbic acid. In the present method, nitrite was analyzed In the presence of ascorbic acid without interference, and the extraction time was reduced to 1 mln. The extracted nitrite was determined by ion chromatography using anion-excluslon/ HS column and amperometric detector equipped with platinum or glassy carbon electrode operating at +1.0 V vs Ag/ AgCI reference electrode. The detection limit was 1 ppb as NO-2. The recoveries of 50 ppm nitrite added to frankfurter and meat stick were 103 and 99.6%, respectively, with relative standard deviations less than 4%. The high speed, sensitivity, and selectivity make the new method a useful alternative to the AOAC colorimetric method.
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45

Azira, Abd Aziz, D. Verasamy, N. S. Abdullah, and M. M. Kamal. "Epoxidised Natural Rubber/Silica Organic-Inorganic Composite for Tyre Masterbatch." Advanced Materials Research 1109 (June 2015): 205–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1109.205.

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Epoxidized natural rubber (ENR) / silica (Si) organic-inorganic composites were prepared by using a sol-gel technique. The choice of ENR (50 mol % epoxidation level), as a matrix was made because of its polar nature which can interact with the silica. The processing of the masterbatch was carried out by sol-gel method at room temperature by dispersing the silica in the rubber and coagulated with steam bath. The performance of the composites was evaluated in this work for the viability of ENR/Si in tyre compounding. Compounding was carried out on a two roll mill, where the additives and curing agents was later mixed. Characterization of these composites was performed by Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) for dispersion as well as mechanical testing. Silica was also efficient as primary reinforcing filler in ENR with regard to modulus and tensile strength, resulting on an increase in the stiffness of the rubbers. Improvement in tensile strength over the control crosslinked rubber sample was probably due to synergisms of silica reinforcement and crosslinking of the rubber phase.
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46

Suyanta, Suyanta, Sri Sudiono, and Sri Juari Santosa. "DETERMINATION OF RATE CONSTANT AND STABILITY OF ADSORPTION IN COMPETITIVE ADSORPTION OF Cr(III) AND Cd(II) ON HUMIC ACID BY USING THE NEW MODEL OF KINETIC FORMULATION." Indonesian Journal of Chemistry 4, no. 3 (June 10, 2010): 161–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/ijc.21847.

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Determination of rate and stability constants of adsorption in competitive adsorption of Cr(III) and Cd(II) on humic acid by using the new model of kinetic formulation has been done. The new model based on assumption that those adsorption was first order adsorption rearched equilibrium. Humic acid was isolated from Peat moss of Silaut- West Sumatra by modificated Schnitzer method. Humic acid characterization was conducted by using infrared spectrophotometer with KBR pellet method. The experiment of kinetic adsorption was conducted in batch system reactor using erlenmeyer at 25 ± 0.01 oC of water steam bath and in a series of sampling procedure. Initial concentration of both Cr(III) and Cd(II) was 4x10-4 M. Thirty milligrams of humic acid was added to 200 mL of metal solution, and then stirred continuously. At the fixed periode of time, 10 mL of sample was taken using a syringe, then filterd with 0.45 µm filter paper. Concentration of Cr(III) and Cd(II) in the filtrate was determinated by AAS, while that was adsorbed by humic acid was equal to difference between initial and equilibrium concentration. It was concluded that competitive adsorption of Cr(III) and Cd(II) on humic acid was first order adsorption rearched equilibrium as proposed in this research. Adsorption rate constant of Cr(III) on humic acid at competitive condition was greater than of Cd(II), but on the contrary for stability constant (K). Competition between Cr(III) and Cd(II) to interact with the active side of humic acid was dominated by Cr(III). Keywords: rate constant, stability and competitive adsorption
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47

Kostic, Milena, Nebojsa Krunic, Ljubisa Nikolic, Vesna Nikolic, Stevo Najman, and Jelena Kocic. "Residual monomer content determination in some acrylic denture base materials and possibilities of its reduction." Vojnosanitetski pregled 66, no. 3 (2009): 223–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/vsp0903223k.

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Background/Aim. Polymethyl methacrylate is used for producing a denture basis. It is a material made by the polymerization process of methyl methacrylate. Despite of the polymerization type, there is a certain amount of free methyl methacrylate (residual monomer) incorporated in the denture, which can cause irritation of the oral mucosa. The aim of this study was to determine the amount of residual monomer in four different denture base acrylic resins by liquid chromatography and the possibility of its reduction. Methods. After the polymerization, a postpolymerization treatment was performed in three different ways: in boiling water for thirty minutes, with 500 W microwaves for three minutes and in steam bath at 22? C for one to thirty days. Results. The obtained results showed that the amount of residual monomer is significantly higher in cold polymerizing acrylates (9.1-11%). The amount of residual monomer after hot polymerization was in the tolerance range (0.59- 0.86%). Conclusion. The obtained results denote a low content of residual monomer in the samples which have undergone postpolymerization treatment. A lower percent of residual monomer is established in samples undergone a hot polymerization.
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48

Britton, Nancy L., Ken L. Riter, Robert L. Smallidge, and Joseph Hillebrandt. "Reversed-Phase Liquid Chromatographic Determination of Riboflavin in Feeds." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 86, no. 2 (March 1, 2003): 197–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/86.2.197.

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Abstract A method for determination of riboflavin in animal feeds using liquid chromatography (LC) was developed for feed samples fortified with riboflavin at 1 mg/lb or greater (up to 10 000 mg/lb). Feed samples were extracted in 0.1N HCl with heating on a steam bath for 30 min, followed immediately by mechanical shaking for 30 min. Sample extracts were diluted to target volume with 2%acetic acid and filtered; riboflavin was determined by LC on a reversed-phase C18 column with 2% acetic acid–acetonitrile (85 + 15) mobile phase for separation and fluorescence detection with excitation at 460 nm and emission at 530 nm. The extraction was compared with that of the AOAC Official Method for riboflavin in food and feed premixes. The 2 method extractions were not significantly different from each other at the 95% confidence level. The developed method also had good linearity over 4 orders of magnitude, recovery of 95–99% from spiked feed samples, a limit of detection of riboflavin at 0.00034 μg/mL in solution, a limit of quantitation of 0.023 mg/lb in feed, and good ruggedness.
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49

Mao, Xiaodong, Yi Zhong, Hong Xu, Linping Zhang, Xiaofeng Sui, and Zhiping Mao. "A novel low add-on technology of dyeing cotton fabric with reactive dyestuff." Textile Research Journal 88, no. 12 (April 5, 2017): 1345–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0040517517700195.

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A novel low add-on dyeing process of cotton fabric with C.I. Reactive Black 5 has been implemented successfully with the assistance of dye-jet ejector units to produce precise wet pick-up ranging from 20% to 50%. The steaming process of the low add-on technology was investigated through evaluating the effects of relative humidity, steaming temperature, steaming time and water ratio on the surface temperature of the wet fabric and their influence on the dye properties, as well as the effect of the wet pick-up on dye properties. The optimal dyeing process was also conducted, including build-up properties and the concentrations of the alkaline agent and the electrolyte via the evaluation of the color strength ( K/ S value) and dye fixation rate. A comparison was made between the novel low add-on dyeing process and conventional dyeing process by assessing the dye properties, color shade and color levelness. The results indicated that the fabric dyed with the low add-on process had excellent washing fastness, rubbing fastness, a similar color shade and superior levelness in comparison with conventional one-bath pad-steam dyeing.
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Cieri, Ugo R. "Determination of Small Quantities of Atropine in Commercial Preparations by Liquid Chromatography with Fluorescence Detection." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 68, no. 5 (September 1, 1985): 1042–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/68.5.1042.

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Abstract A method is presented for the determination of small quantities of atropine in commercial preparations by liquid chromatography (LC) with fluorescence detection. The sample is extracted with CHC13 from basic suspension, the CHC13 is evaporated on the steam bath, and the dry residue is dissolved in a small volume of CH3OH. A reverse phase column is used for the LC analysis; the eluting solvent is prepared by mixing 950 mL CH3OH with 50 mL water containing 1 g of the sodium salt of l-pentanesulfonic acid. The fluorescence detector is set at an excitation wavelength of 255 nm and an emission wavelength of 285 nm. Several commercial tablets and injections containing atropine in combination with other ingredients and a commercial sample of belladonna extract were analyzed by the proposed method. Recoveries of atropine sulfate from aqueous solutions averaged 100.7% with a relative standard deviation (RSD) of 3.35% for atropine sulfate levels of 0.12 mg. Recoveries of atropine sulfate from synthetic injection formulations were 99.8 and 100.0% withRSDsof 2.03and2.35%, respectively; the atropine sulfate concentrations of commercial injections with the same formulations were found to be 97.0 and 100.0% of the labeled amounts with RSDs of 0.53 and 1.46%, respectively
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