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Journal articles on the topic 'Steam Boiler'
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1
Bailey, Chas F. "MARINE STEAM BOILERS AND BOILER ROOM EQUIPMENT*." Journal of the American Society for Naval Engineers 28, no. 3 (March 18, 2009): 746–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-3584.1916.tb00076.x.
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Tuński, Tomasz, Cezary Behrendt, and Marcin Szczepanek. "Mathematical Modeling of the Working Conditions of the Ship’s Utilization Boiler in Order to Evaluate Its Performance." Energies 12, no. 16 (August 13, 2019): 3105. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12163105.
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The paper presents a mathematical model allowing the determination of the amount of saturated steam produced in marine water tube boilers and smoke tube boilers. The mathematical model includes the impact of the exhaust gas temperature and its amount, ambient temperature, engine power load, and location of boiler tubes. In addition to the amount of steam generated in a boiler, it is also feasible to establish flow resistance of the exhaust gas in the boiler determined by the boiler tubes’ arrangement and the thickness of scale deposits and the exhaust gas temperature after the exhaust gas boiler. Due to the model universality, it may be applied not only to make calculations for existing boilers, but also to perform numerical experiments in order to determine the amount of steam produced by the entire range of boilers used in the waste heat recovery systems in power marine systems and the adopted limit values, such as exhaust gas flow resistance and their temperature, after the boiler. The reliability of the obtained results has been revised by comparing them with the outcomes of the experiments performed on the ships.
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Osintsev, Konstantin, Sergei Aliukov, and Sulpan Kuskarbekova. "Experimental Study of a Coil Type Steam Boiler Operated on an Oil Field in the Subarctic Continental Climate." Energies 14, no. 4 (February 14, 2021): 1004. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14041004.
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Transportable boiler plants are widespread in the northern regions of the Russian Federation and have a large and stable demand in various spheres of life. The equipment used and the schemes of existing boiler plants are outdated—they require replacement and modernization. Our proposed new installation includes a coil type steam boiler and ancillary equipment designed with the identified deficiencies in mind. The steam boiler coils are coaxial cylinders. The scope of the modernized transportable boiler plant is an oil field in the subarctic continental climate. The work is aimed at completing an experimental and theoretical study of the operation of a coil type steam boilers under real operating conditions. Experimental data on the operation of boiler plants are presented. The dependences of the fuel consumption of boiler plants on the temperature and pressure of the coolant are obtained. Statistical analysis is applied to the collected data. Conclusions are formulated and a promising direction is laid out for further research and improvement of coil type steam boilers. Equations are proposed for calculating the convective component of radiant-convective heat transfer in gas ducts, taking into account the design features of boiler units by introducing new correction factors. Comparison of the calculated and experimental data showed their satisfactory agreement.
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Wang, Jiasheng, Jingliang Zhong, and Xiaolong Gou. "Control strategy study on frequency and peak-load regulation of coal-fired power plant based on boiler heat storage capacity." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part A: Journal of Power and Energy 232, no. 8 (March 25, 2018): 1063–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0957650918764155.
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Nowadays, quantity of coal-fired power plant and its single unit capacity are greatly improved in China, and power grid’s frequency and peak-load regulation range become wider. Based on the basic regulation theory and unit’s characteristics, this paper indicates the limitations of unit’s original control strategies and such limitations have produced great damages to coal-fired boilers through assessment of 2 years statistical data of boiler tube explosion in regional power grid. Under field tests, the quantified boiler heat storage capacity of six typical thermal power units in the power grid is provided. Comparisons of these six coal-fired boilers are made for getting the relationships between BHSC and boilers’ tube explosion ratio under the in-depth frequency and peak-load regulation. The results show that unit’s boiler heat storage capacity varies greatly amongst boilers with different types and is inversely proportional to boiler’s installed capacity and steam parameter class, and boiler heat storage capacity is inversely proportional to boiler’s tube explosion ratio, which is in conformity with the theory analysis. After that, in-depth frequency and peak-load regulation tests of thermal power units are carried out, respectively. The results show pulverized coal-fired boiler with small boiler heat storage capacity is not suitable for in-depth frequency and peak-load regulation for the safety of power grid and unit itself, while the circulating fluidized bed boiler and pulverized coal-fired boiler with larger boiler heat storage capacity have better adaptability for these functions. Some effective control strategies of frequency and peak-load regulation are presented in load’s rate and range by boiler heat storage capacity of units.
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Thamrin, Ismail, and K. Novaldo. "COMPARISON SPIRAL PIPE WITH ROUND PIPE FOR HEAT TRANSFER IN BOILER GAS TURBINE." Indonesian Journal of Engineering and Science 1, no. 1 (November 21, 2020): 039–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.51630/ijes.v1i1.8.
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The increasing need for energy requires finding alternative energy. Sawdust is wate but can be utilised as alternative energy. The sawdust is used as a boiler fuel called biomass. However, the utilization of sawdust as a boiler fuel is considered less effective. Presumably heat and mass transfer of steam for boiler system using spiral pipes. Since the length of steam distribution becomes long so that the heat transfer from boiler to pipes takes a long time. Thus, this study examines the effect of spiral pipes for the heat transfer process for boilers, where the steam is supplied to rotate the turbines (generate electricity). Based on initially study, the boiler system performance using spiral pipe is better than round pipe.
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Stamenković, Ognjen, Goran Stupar, Dragan Tucaković, and Bojan Bošković. "Detection of cause of pipe burst in economizer of process CO steam boiler." Tehnika 77, no. 1 (2022): 55–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/tehnika2201055s.
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In this paper results of analysis of process steam boiler operation with maximum continuous steam production of 75 t/h, steam pressure and temperature of 45,5 bar and 412 oC are presented. Steam boiler is predicted to operate within steam production facility of oil and gas refinery in Pančevo, Serbia. On the demand of purchaser steam boiler is enabled to operate with various fuels as well as with two or three fuels simultaneously. By fuels intake facilities it is enabled to introduce refinery gas, fuel oil and high-temperature waste gas to the boilers furnace. Waste gas is guided from FCC (Fuel catalyst cracking) facility and presents two-component fluid with polydisperse solid phase composed of particles of diameter smaller than 40 µm. Recent changes in steam consumption in refinery resulted in modifications in boiler`s operating regime and, further on, in significant changes in its operational parameters. At present, in new conditions, boiler operates with frequent pipe bursts on pipe bundles of boiler economizer which requires forced interruption in steam production as well as time and cost consuming operations for resuming boiler work. In this paper results of thermal calculations for design and new operational conditions are presented for the purpose of identification of cause of frequent unscheduled steam production interruptions. After analysis of presented results, recommendations on how to modify certain boiler operational parameters in order to eliminate or reduce possibility of such unfavourable occurance has been provided.
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Siswanto, Jatmiko Edi. "Analisa Pengaruh Perubahan Beban Output Turbin Terhadap Efisiensi Boiler." Journal of Electrical Power Control and Automation (JEPCA) 3, no. 2 (December 25, 2020): 44. http://dx.doi.org/10.33087/jepca.v3i2.39.
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In palm oil processing companies to become oil, the boiling process is carried out to make it easier for the loose fruit to come from the bunches, to stop the development of free fatty acids and will cause the tbs to soften so the oil extraction process becomes easier. The boiling process requires steam from steam. Steam is obtained by heating a vessel filled with water with fuel. Generally, boilers use liquid, gas and solid fuels. Steam functions as a boiling and electric generator, the company uses a boiler as a steam producer to support the production process. A boiler or steam boiler is a closed vessel used to produce steam through an energy conversion process. To find out the boiler efficiency, a calculation is carried out by taking the parameters needed for boiler operation, from the analysis the highest boiler efficiency results are 83.56% and the lowest is 75.25%, where the heating value with 13% fuel at 1000 Kw load is 83, 56%. And the calorific value with 10% fuel at a load of 750 Kw is smaller with a value of 75.25%.
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Madejski, Paweł, and Norbert Modliński. "Numerical investigation using two different CFD codes of pulverized-coal combustion process characteristic in an industrial power plant boiler." E3S Web of Conferences 82 (2019): 01009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20198201009.
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Steam boilers using the coal as a basic fuel are still one of the most important techniques used to generate electricity in Power Plants. Many activities connected with optimization of steam boilers operation, investigation of combustion efficiency using different fuels, control and reducing pollutants emission are observed. Numerical modeling of large steam boilers using Computational Fluid Dynamic method can be a very way to develop and verify effects of all activities regarding combustion process optimization. Numerical modeling results of the coal combustion process in the front wall coal-fired boiler are presented in the paper. The behavior of the flow of pulverized coal through the burners was analyzed, and the temperature and velocity distribution in the combustion chamber were reproduced in the simulation. Despite the fact that the attention has been focused on boiler simulation at nominal load, it is possible to perform numerical studies concerning the analysis of coal combustion at different boiler loads (minimum load and flexible boiler operation). Analysis of different fuels and their impact on the combustion process, as well as analysis of coal mills operation, coal particles size distribution and they impact on boiler operation can be performed using developed models.
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Norman, Abdul Rahim, Azleen Azna Mohd Khairil Hing, M. Azfar Md Jaafar, and Farah Syamim Anwar. "Steam System Load Shedding Operational Analysis Using Dynamics Simulation of a Fertilizer Plant." E3S Web of Conferences 287 (2021): 03017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202128703017.
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Steam system operation of a fertilizer plant can be complex due to high number of equipment, unavailable redundancy of steam suppliers and inter-dependency behaviour between steam users. The plant is subjected to partial or total shutdown whenever one boiler trips as both existing boilers are operating close to design capacity. Installation of an additional boiler will provide additional capacity margin in the event of one boiler trips. iCON(Symmetry) was used as the dynamic process simulation tool to establish proper management for load shedding activity with three boilers in operation. Model was developed for the integrated steam header, fuel gas and boiler feed water network. A detailed representation of the actual plant was achieved by incorporating plant hydraulics based on actual piping configurations, high fidelity equipment modelling, process control configurations, trip sequencing and operator manual interventions. This approach gives high accuracy in replicating the plant’s transient behaviour for load shedding case studies. The case studies prove the three boiler arrangement is able to sustain the plant’s continuous operation. An operational strategy was developed to minimize the impact of equipment trips. It is recommended to expand the model to include the process side to represent the actual plant behaviour with higher accuracy.
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Stanmore, B. R., and M. Desai. "Steam Explosions in Boiler Ash Hoppers." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part A: Journal of Power and Energy 207, no. 2 (May 1993): 133–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/pime_proc_1993_207_022_02.
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Steam explosions are experienced in the ash hoppers of coal-fired boilers when hot ash falling from heat-transfer surfaces enters the water pool. Pellets of ash from three Australian power stations were formed in the laboratory and sintered under different conditions to simulate boiler ash deposits. When these were reheated and dropped into water, explosions were generated in isolated cases. The offending pellets were all lightly sintered and disintegrated into individual ash grains. The occurrence of explosions is unpredictable because of the extremely limited range of ash lump conditions under which they appear.
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Pal, Jitendra Singh, Shivalingappa Nagappa Sapali, Anil Tumkur Ramakrishna, Niyaj Dilavar Shikalgar, and Ajit Shinde. "Exergy Criteria of Performance of Waste Heat Recovery Applied for Marine Auxiliary Boiler." International Journal of Heat and Technology 40, no. 1 (February 28, 2022): 297–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.18280/ijht.400135.
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Auxiliary boilers onboard motor ships are the subject of ongoing research. Steam is produced by an auxiliary boiler for fuel heating and cargo oil pumping turbines. This marine boiler is a pressure jet burner water tube auxiliary boiler with a 70-80% efficiency rating. The goal of determining the process and components of irreversibility loss in a system is to identify the process and components of exergy losses. The second law of thermodynamics and the concept of irreversible entropy production are the foundations of this study's exergy technique of analysis. This concept of considering entropy at a given steady-state condition rather than as a change in a process is also one of the features of this exergy analysis of the marine oil-fired boiler. The exergy loss in the combustion chamber was calculated and determined to be 35024 kJ, which is the maximum irreversibility in this maritime auxiliary boiler. A numerical analysis of the current nozzle jet burner is undertaken to evaluate the enhancement of the combustion process. The temperature and velocity contour of the fuel stream passing through the nozzle of this auxiliary boiler's burner depicts atomization.
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Bezhan, V. A., V. M. Zhytarenko, and P. Dalakov. "Energy Characteristics of Medium Pressure Steam Boilers." Journal of Engineering Sciences 7, no. 2 (2020): F8—`F14. http://dx.doi.org/10.21272/jes.2020.7(2).f2.
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The object of this study is the thermal and energy characteristics of medium pressure boilers of СНPP-1, four boilers CKTI-75/39F-2-4 and two boilers TP-150-2. All boilers operate on a common steam collector of 32 atm, at 420 °С. Fuel is a mixture of blast furnace gas and natural gas in the ratio of 0.7-0.9 volume particles. The characteristics of the blast furnace gas are not constant: the elemental composition, humidity, and dustiness of blast furnace gas change significantly. Analysis of operation of CHPP-1 medium pressure boilers of OJSC “Mariupol Metallurgical Combinat named after P. G. Ilyich” was carried out on the basis of the technical documentation and materials obtained during the ecological and thermal-technical tests of the boilers CKTI-75/39F-2-4 No. 7–9, and TP-150 No. 11, 12 of SU “Promavtomatika”. The main purpose of the analysis is to identify patterns that affect the operational characteristics of boilers, especially the efficiency. The analysis revealed the nature of the overall dependence of the efficiency on the load, as well as the dependence of the efficiency of the boilers on the load at different thermal parts of the blast furnace gas. After carrying out the balance tests, the dependencies of the exhaust gas temperature on the boiler load at different thermal parts of the blast furnace gas were established. Keywords: medium pressure boiler, thermal efficiency, blast furnace gas, heat losses.
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Fuller, Jack, and Yang Guo. "Update and Analysis of Current Boiler Operations Used for the Generation of Steam Heat and Electricity." Energy and Environment Research 7, no. 1 (May 5, 2017): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/eer.v7n1p23.
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According to the U.S, Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), the number of boilers in the U.S. devoted to the production of steam, electricity, and heat is approximately 1.5 million. This study analyzes boilers burning natural gas, coal, wood, oil, or other fuels to recover thermal energy in the form of steam or hot water to produce electricity or heat. The focus of this research paper will be to assess the compliance status of the boilers which were in the original EPA major source Boiler MACT group to provide insight into the current operating status of these boiler units.
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Stupar, Goran, and Dragan Tucaković. "Impact of air stagging in furnace on processes in power steam boiler TPP Kostolac B." Tehnika 76, no. 1 (2021): 43–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/tehnika2101043s.
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The European normatives prescribe the maximum content of 200 mg/Nm3 in dry flue gases with oxygen content of 6% for existing pulverized coal-fired power plants. In order to analyse the effects of applying some of the primary measures for NOx reduction on the overall steam boiler operation, calculational coupling of differential mathematical models has been applied. This calculation system enables reliable prediction of the performance of power steam boilers also in substoichiometric conditions, and the quality of the boiler operation can be described from the perspective of its effective, efficient, safe and ecological operation. In accorrdance to that, calculations of the steam boiler unit 1 TE Kostolac B have been carried out for the existing and the air staging combustion system. This paper presents an analysis of the influence of various parameters on the operation of the steam boiler with the application of primary measures.
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Stupar, Goran, Dragan Tucakovic, Titoslav Zivanovic, Srdjan Belosevic, and Nenad Crnomarkovic. "Air staging application effects on overall steam boiler operation." Thermal Science 23, Suppl. 5 (2019): 1559–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci180413286s.
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This paper presents the results of calculation system of main processes in power steam boiler, before and after application of air staging. Modified air injection scheme was implemented during 2015 on the power steam boiler within unit 1 of TPP Kostolac B. Measurements performed on site showed that applied reconstruction led to a permanent loss of the steam boiler power. This study was performed in order to define the cause of such an occurrence and to consider the possibility for regaining the designed steam parameters along with keeping NO concentration in prescribed limits. This paper x discusses the influence of repositioning the air injection location on processes within the furnace. Furthermore, the influence of the redistribution of injected air-flow along the furnace height on important boiler operation parameters has been analyzed. Analysis showed that, with appropriate dosing of air along the height of the existing furnace, it is possible to achieve the optimum of the boiler's operation parameters. Results of research showed that air staging throughout the furnace height in best test case additionally reduces NO concentration (195-225 mg/Nm3) and increases the power of x considered boiler (828.8-751.1 MW) with an insignificant decrease of the boiler's efficiency (86.27-86.77%). Furthermore, the designed temperatures of superheated (540-498?C) and reheated (540-518?C) steam have been reached again, whereby the safety of the boiler's operation has been significantly increased. Results of this study improve the present explanation of the processes occurred in the furnace with applied primary measures. They also give directions on defining the most influential parameters on considered processes with the final purpose to increase the efficiency and availability of the entire plant.
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Sniders, A., A. Laizans, and T. Komass. "Invariant Control of the Technological Plants to Compensate an Impact of Main Disturbances Preemptively." Latvian Journal of Physics and Technical Sciences 53, no. 3 (June 1, 2016): 34–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/lpts-2016-0019.
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Abstract The paper considers a survey of the research procedures and results due to invariant control method application perspective for operation quality advancement in several technological plants (wastewater biological treatment tanks and water steam production boilers), which operate under influence of organised and random disturbances. A specified subject of research is the simulation model of the multi-link invariant control system for steam pressure stabilisation in a steam boiler by preemptive compensation of steam load and feed water flow impact on output parameter (steam pressure), developed in MATLAB/SIMULINK. Simulation block-diagram of the steam boiler invariant control system, containing closed loop PID control circuit and open loop DPC circuit, has been composed on the basis of the designed mathematical model of the system components, disturbance compensation algorithms, and operational equation of the invariant control system. Comparative response of the steam boiler, operating under influence of fluctuating disturbances, with conventional PID control and using PID-DPC control with disturbance compensation controller DPC, has been investigated. Simulation results of invariant PID – DPC control system show that output parameter of the steam boiler - pressure remains practically constant under fluctuating disturbances due to a high-speed response of DPC controller.
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Djamanbayev, M. A., and E. K. Musabaev. "Steam boiler transfer function through fuel supply - steam pressure at boiler outlet." Journal of Almaty Technological University, no. 1 (June 24, 2021): 16–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.48184/2304-568x-2021-1-16-21.
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The article provides an analytical relationship (mathematical model) between the steam pressure at the exit of the steam boiler and the fuel supplied to the boiler. The mathematical model was determined on the basis of the characteristics obtained experimentally through the channel "fuel - steam pressure in the boiler". The experimental data were processed by the method of M.P. Simo and E.P. Stephanie. The dynamics of the change in steam pressure in a steam boiler is simulated in the Matlab (Simulink) simulation environment. The resulting model will be used to develop an automatic control system for the vaporization process. In particular, when establishing the region of stable operation of the regulator, when choosing the optimal values of the tuning parameters of the regulator that satisfy the given quality indicators of technological processes.
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Muślewski, Łukasz, Michał Pająk, Bogdan Landowski, and Bogdan Żół Żółtowski. "A Method for Determining the Usability Potential of Ship Steam Boilers." Polish Maritime Research 23, no. 4 (December 1, 2016): 105–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pomr-2016-0076.
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Abstract Ship large-power steam boiler may serve as an example of complex critical technical system. A basis for rational control of operation of such system is knowledge on its capability of fulfilling the tasks to which it was intended. In order to make it possible to apply computer aiding to operational decision-making the capability should be described analytically. In this paper it was proposed to express the capability of ship steam boiler ( considered a complex system) to perform service tasks, by calculating components of its usability potential in a given instant t. To this end , was distinguished a set of steam boiler fundamental features which formulate space of its technical states. Values and characteristic intervals of the features were defined and this way sub-spaces of serviceability and non-serviceability states of the object in question were determined. Next, in the considered space, technical state of the boiler and its usability potential was determined. Owing to this it become possible to quantitatively express the steam boiler functioning capability which served as a basis for elaborating an algorithm for controlling the operational processes of a complex technical system under action. In this paper is also described a way of application of the presented method to calculation of ship steam boiler usability potential, which may be especially instrumental in the case of operational control of the boilers of the kind , equipped with interstage reheaters, i.e. those operating with high values of operational parameters.
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Kidwai, Sharif, Belal Ahmad Siddiqui, and Bhanu Pandey. "Graphene's Application to Boiler's Fabrication and Design." International Journal of Research in Science 1, no. 1 (June 15, 2015): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.24178/ijrs.2015.1.1.14.
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Problem Statement: Boilers have enormous applications and usefulness in power generation. It is to be reckoned as an all time employee in power generation sector and it is a device to create steam by applying heat energy to the water. It can also be used as steam generators. The pressure vessel of a boiler usually made of steel (or alloy steel), or historically of wrought iron is extremely exposed to the corrosion and embrittlement. This causes additional problems like boiler breakdown which can cost thousands of dollars in equipment repairs, as well as hundreds of thousands of dollars for additional property damage and business income losses. Despite numerous methods to minimize this problem the world hasn’t come up with a concrete solution. Still today boiler accidents cause heavy economic and personal losses. Can we ever come up with a solution to almost nullify this problem with all the advancements in Material Sciences in recent years?Proposed Solution: We aim at coating the inner side of boiler with deposition of membrane of oxide of recently discovered super-material graphene. Researchers found that a multilayer of graphene dioxide when stacked up together act as perfect molecular sieves when immersed in water, blocking all molecules or ions with a hydrated size larger than 4.5 Å. Caustic Embritllement causing prime agent NaOH clearly is not contained within limits described in its molecular form. Also we found that except for water vapors it does not allow any other gas to bypass it hence we ideate that prime corrosion causing agents like dissolved O2 and C02 will not interact with boiler material and hence will significantly remove boiler corrosion.Conclusion: Incorporating this hypotheses we tend to believe that prime boiler enemies will exert their least presence on boiler's functioning and its life. Its working life will be enhanced by several times. We believe that use of the latest advancement witha rather primitive subject of boilers will create a wave within boiler industries and help them to enhance boilers working and increase its life. Also it will eliminate the causticity of boiler water.
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Rocco, Cleber Damião, and Reinaldo Morabito. "An optimization model for the operations of steam production in industrial boilers." Gestão & Produção 19, no. 2 (2012): 273–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0104-530x2012000200004.
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In this study, a mixed integer linear programming model is presented to support some of the key decisions in the steam production system with industrial boilers. The model approaches the fuel management decisions (fuel replenishment and its inventory control), boiler operational decisions (start-up, warm-up, and shutdown operations), and which boiler should produce steam. The model adjustments and its validation were carried out through a case study in a large food industry. In face of the good outcomes achieved in applying the model and the lack of optimization tools to support the decisions in this system, the proposed model is a suitable alternative to support some of the key decisions in the system of steam production with multiple industrial boilers.
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SHARP, W. B. A. (SANDY), W. J. JIM FREDERICK, JAMES R. KEISER, and DOUGLAS L. SINGBEIL. "Could biomass-fueled boilers be operated at higher steam temperatures? Part 3: Initial analysis of costs and benefits." August 2014 13, no. 8 (September 1, 2014): 65–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.32964/tj13.8.65.
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The efficiencies of biomass-fueled power plants are much lower than those of coal-fueled plants because they restrict their exit steam temperatures to inhibit fireside corrosion of superheater tubes. However, restricting the temperature of a given mass of steam produced by a biomass boiler decreases the amount of power that can be generated from this steam in the turbine generator. This paper examines the relationship between the temperature of superheated steam produced by a boiler and the quantity of power that it can generate. The thermodynamic basis for this relationship is presented, and the value of the additional power that could be generated by operating with higher superheated steam temperatures is estimated. Calculations are presented for five plants that produce both steam and power. Two are powered by black liquor recovery boilers and three by wood-fired boilers. Steam generation parameters for these plants were supplied by industrial partners. Calculations using thermodynamics-based plant simulation software show that the value of the increased power that could be generated in these units by increasing superheated steam temperatures 100°C above current operating conditions ranges between US$2,410,000 and US$11,180,000 per year. The costs and benefits of achieving higher superheated steam conditions in an individual boiler depend on local plant conditions and the price of power. However, the magnitude of the increased power that can be generated by increasing superheated steam temperatures is so great that it appears to justify the cost of corrosion-mitigation methods such as installing corrosion-resistant materials costing far more than current superheater alloys; redesigning biomassfueled boilers to remove the superheater from the flue gas path; or adding chemicals to remove corrosive constituents from the flue gas. The most economic pathways to higher steam temperatures will very likely involve combinations of these methods. Particularly attractive approaches include installing more corrosion-resistant alloys in the hottest superheater locations, and relocating the superheater from the flue gas path to an externally-fired location or to the loop seal of a circulating fluidized bed boiler.
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Rahardja, Istianto Budhi, and Masnia Masnia. "THE OPTIMIZATION OF CAPACITY BOILER EFFICIENCY 26 TONS/HOURS WITH FUEL ALUMINATION AND STATISTICAL PRODUCT AND SERVICE SOLUTIONS (SPSS) ANALYSIS." ADI Journal on Recent Innovation (AJRI) 2, no. 2 (May 8, 2020): 127–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.34306/ajri.v2i2.70.
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The boiler is a steam-producing installation that is used to drive steam turbines as power plants in palm oil mills. It is working to remove the heat generated by fuel into the form of steam containing enthalpy, which is used to drive a steam turbine.This study was conducted for 15 days started from May 27, 2017, until June 15, 2017. The location of the study was conducted at PMKS South Sumatra Province. The average boiler efficiency is 81% with a heating value of 2117.6717 kcal/kg compared to other dates that have a higher heating value but efficiency is below 80%. This shows the success of the boiler's performance is not only determined by the heating value contained in the fuel but also determined by the temperature of the feedwater entering the boiler, the amount of fuel in the boiler and the condition of the fuel in the boiler combustion chamber.
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Rusdi, M. R. Izham, T. Bashkeran, and Z. Ahmad. "Data Driven Technique for Palm Oil Mills Boiler Water Quality Monitoring in State of Perak Malaysia." Malaysian Journal of Fundamental and Applied Sciences 18, no. 2 (May 16, 2022): 171–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.11113/mjfas.v18n2.2242.
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Steam boilers are widely used in oil palm mills industries which physically converting the water into steam. Heating water in the boiler allows solid waste such as potassium, calcium, magnesium, silica and ions to stay in the boiler and creates a solid waste layer that coats the tubes and boilers. This strong coating would increase the heating surface of the boiler and decrease the efficiency of heat transfer. This situation will also increase the consumption of fuel, causing the boiler to overheat, which in turn leads to tube failure. The impact of this issue will cause losses to the oil palm plantation due to the shutdown of unplanned plants. Therefore, for this study, Statistical Process Control (SPC) has been utilized to monitor the quality of the 6 parameters of the boiler and boiler feedwater for palm oil mill in Perak State Malaysia to overcome the problem stated above. Boxplot has been utilized to monitor continuously the parameter based on the probability distribution of the data according to ASME guidelines. The findings from this analysis show that some of the palm oil mills is able to maintain their boiler quality accordingly, however, on controlling the silica, hardness and total iron, its need further improvement.
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Ponomarenko, Y., M. Katkov, and R. Semenenko. "INTEGRATED ASSESSMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL AND ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY OF GAS BOILER OPERATING MODES." Municipal economy of cities 4, no. 157 (September 25, 2020): 127–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.33042/2522-1809-2020-4-157-127-133.
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A thermal energy is one of the most significant sources of environmental impact.This is a consequence of both the use of mostly non-renewable natural resources and environmental pollution from thermal power plants. The intensity of this impact depends on many factors, namely the purpose, power, type of fuel used and operating mode. Existing studies have established links between emissions and characteristics such as power and fuel type for stationary operating conditions. At the same time, changes in operating conditions have a significant impact on environmental and economic characteristics. This article is devoted to establishing the relationship between the operational characteristics of gas boilers and their environmental and economic efficiency. The analysis was based on the field data obtained from steam and water boilers that are in commercial operation and uses the natural gas. It was found that for steam and water boilers, there is a well-conditioned non-linear relationship between the technological parameters of boiler operation, in particular gas consumption, the percentage of boiler load, the amount and temperature of flue gases with indicators of pollutants entering the atmosphere. The most significant factor affecting the environmental and economic characteristics of boilers is the percentage of load of boilers. The nature of the dependency is determined by the type of boiler and the setting mode. These dependences with a high degree of conditionality have a parabolic character, which makes it possible to assume the existence of adjustment modes that minimize environmental and economic costs. For steam and water boilers, the dependence of environmental impact on the percentage of load is direct. But for steam boilers in the range of data that were studied, it has a monotonous character, that is, it does not have an extremum point. For water boilers, it is possible to find the optimal loading level that minimizes environmental costs, but to confirm this assumption, additional research is needed at low boiler loading levels. The proposed method can be used to determine the operating modes of boilers and their settings, taking into account environmental and economic criteria. Keywords: water gas boilers, steam gas boilers, operating modes, environmental and economic characteristics.
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Al-Dabbas, Mohammad Awwad Ali. "The Availability of Hybrid Nano Adsorption-Multi Stage Ejector Cooling Cycle with a Different Type of Steam Generator." Mathematical Modelling of Engineering Problems 8, no. 5 (October 31, 2021): 826–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.18280/mmep.080520.
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Ejectors are a kind of pump that does not have any moving components. In certain cases, the motor fluid may be a liquid, steam, or another gas. The research focuses on using nano adsorption combined with a multi ejector to fuel a sophisticated nano adsorption power plant, which is equipped with three shapes of steam boiler generators. The simulation was accomplished by implementing it with the cooperation of the two programs MATLAB A and MATLAB B, together with a solid flow. To raise the temperature of the working fluid before it enters the generator, a jet pump is positioned before the generator. To enhance the mass flow rate of vapor going into the ejector, a two-stage adjustable booster was added after the evaporator, which gives low evaporator temperature. A further experiment in which the two-stage adjustable booster was used before the generator to reduce the amount of work done by the generator. The ejector's cooling unit is powered by steam created from many energy sources powered by advanced hybrid heat and power systems, including solar energy and steam produced by the electric steam generator. The different devices are either directly triggered by a thermal source to achieve heating, cooling, or refrigeration. The steam boiler generator is the core of the cooling unit; in this research, various types of steam boiler generators are linked with adsorption units, such as steam-powered solar boilers, gas boilers, solid fuel steam boilers, and electric boilers. Heat exchangers were utilized to transfer heat from the solar chimney to the ejector cooling unit. The impact of various ejector geometries on the advanced cooling unit was studied and simulated for the single, double, and triple nozzle ejector. There were no issues with the more effective cooling unit. This unit performed better than traditional adsorption cooling units, having a greater efficiency.
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Cichowicz, Robert, Grzegorz Wielgosiński, and Agata Targaszewska. "Analysis of CO2 concentration distribution inside and outside small boiler plants." Ecological Chemistry and Engineering S 23, no. 1 (March 1, 2016): 49–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/eces-2016-0003.
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Abstract Analysis of the distribution of CO2 concentrations was performed for a water-and-steam boiler plant located in a detached building supplying thermal energy to a hospital. The boiler plant was equipped with two low-temperature boilers and one high-temperature steam boiler. The maximum thermal energy demand of the hospital was 4280, 3500 kW of which came from the hot-water boilers and the remaining 780 kW from the steam boiler. Due to the operating system there were no permanent job positions in the boiler plant. Servicing consisted only in the supervision, periodic adjustment and maintenance of the equipment. These kinds of working conditions release the employer from the necessity to perform tests and measurements of working conditions in such a building. On the other hand, continuous measurements are made because of the installation safety and emissions of pollutants into the environment. The article presents results of the measurements and analysis of the distribution of CO2 concentrations inside and outside a small boiler plant, due to which it was found that the level of carbon dioxide concentration did not depend on the ambient air temperature. The resulting values are similar regardless of whether the measurements were taken in December 2012 or April 2013. However, there is an evident impact of seasons on the concentrations in the indoor air associated primarily with the demand for heat during the given period, the stay of people in the workplace and the number of working devices.
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Dewanatan, Wingo Wira, Muhammad Kurniawan Adiputra, Indra P. Hakim, Asep P. Zainuddin, Imam Karfendi Putro, and Rochim Bakti Cahyono. "Peningkatan Efisiensi Energi Melalui Optimasi Cycle Steam Boiler pada Operasi Boiler : Studi Kasus di PT. Kaltim Methanol Industri (KMI)." Jurnal Rekayasa Proses 14, no. 2 (December 31, 2020): 182. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/jrekpros.59172.
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Methanol is one of the important intermediate chemicals which is used widely in many processes to produce final products such as formaldehyde, dimethyl ether (DME), dimethyl terephthalate (DMT), and methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE). As a pioneer of methanol producer in Indonesia, PT. Kaltim Methanol Industri (KMI) has a strong commitment for sustainability and saving natural resources including enhancement of energy efficiency during production activities. Since mid-2018, to fulfill the electricity needs, PT. KMI has two main sources of electricity namely internal source using steam turbine generator and tie-in from PT. Kaltim Daya Mandiri (KDM). The modification of electricity sources promotes PT. KMI to evaluate the efficiency of internal electricity production. This has been conducted by performing optimization of blow down rate or cycle steam in boiler operation. Based on the data logbook, this work aims to evaluate the effect of blowdown rate on the energy saving and natural gas consumption. When the number of cycle steam boilers is altered from around 10 to 24, the company could get the potential energy saving around 300 MMBTU/day or 7.14% of total based energy consumption. In the boiler operation, decreasing blowdown rate would raise the cycle steam boiler and give final consequences to reduce energy losses from the release of BFW. The optimization of this cycle steam also cut the boiler specific energy consumption into around 3.0 MMBTU/ton steam. Based on the average heating value, this innovation could decline the natural gas consumption of PT. KMI around 122.91 MMSCF in the period of July 2018 – July 2019. Based on the result above, the modification of the cycle steam boiler would enhance energy efficiency, saving the natural resources and promote the application of sustainable development concept in the chemical industry.Keywords: blowdown rate; boiler energy; cycle steam; energy efficiency; PT. KMIA B S T R A KMetanol merupakan bahan kimia antara yang dipergunakan secara luas sebagai bahan baku untuk menghasilkan produk akhir berupa formaldehyde, dimetil eter (DME), asam dimetil tereftalat (DMT), dan methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE). Sebagai satu-satunya produsen metanol di Indonesia, PT. Kaltim Methanol Industri (KMI) senantiasa berkomitmen untuk selalu melakukan penghematan sumber daya alam, salah satunya meningkatkan efisiensi energi. Untuk memenuhi kebutuhan listriknya, perusahaan ini memiliki dua sumber yaitu internal perusahaan menggunakan steam turbine generator dan sambungan (tie-in) dari PT. Kaltim Daya Mandiri (KDM) sejak pertengahan 2018. Adanya perubahan konfigurasi tersebut mendorong PT. KMI melakukan inovasi berupa optimasi laju blowdown atau cycle steam pada boiler untuk meningkatkan efisiensi energi. Berdasarkan data logbook operasi pabrik akan dievaluasi besarnya penghematan energi yang didapatkan dari optimasi tersebut. Peningkatan efisiensi energi dapat diperoleh dengan mengurangi laju blowdown atau peningkatan cycle steam boiler. Perubahan cycle steam pada boiler dari kisaran 10 menjadi 24 akan memberikan penghematan energi sebesar 300 MMBTU/hari atau sekitar 7,14% dari kebutuhan energi mula-mula. Penurunan laju blowdown akan mengakibatkan energi buangan melalui BFW yang dikeluarkan dari boiler berkurang, sehingga dapat menghemat energi yang dibutuhkan oleh boiler. Optimasi cycle steam boiler ini juga membuat konsumsi energi yang dinyatakan dalam energy specific boiler berhasil diturunkan pada kisaran 3,0 MMBTU/ton steam. Berdasarkan tabulasi data, inovasi ini dapat menghemat sumber daya gas alam sebesar 122,91 MMSCF pada kurun waktu Juli 2018 hingga Juli 2019. Dengan demikian, perubahan cycle steam melalui penurunan laju blowdown pada boiler terkonfirmasi dapat meningkatkan efisiensi energi dan menghemat pemakaian sumber daya alam, yang pada akhirnya mendorong aplikasi nyata sustainable development concept di dunia industri. Kata kunci: cycle steam, energi boiler, energi efisiensi, laju blowdown, PT. KMI
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Elshafei, Moustafa, and Mohamed A. Habib. "Softsensor for estimation of steam quality in riser tubes of boilers." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 227, no. 10 (December 14, 2012): 2337–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954406212471256.
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Steam fraction in riser tubes of boilers is a critical process variable which impacts the life of the tubes and could lead to tube rupture, long boiler down time, and expensive repairs. Unfortunately this parameter is difficult to measure by hardware sensors. This article presents a new neural network softsensor for estimation and monitoring steam mass and volume fractions in riser tubes. First, conventional data were collected from a target industrial boiler. The data are then used to develop a detailed nonlinear simulation model for the two phase flow in the riser tubes and risers and downcomers water circulation. The model output is verified against the collected field data. Next, the boiler nonlinear model is used to generate data covering a wide rage of operating conditions for training and testing the neural network. The input of the neural network includes the heating power, the steam flow rate, the water feed rate, the drum level, and the drum pressure. The neural networks predict the mass steam quality and the steam volume fractions. The softsensor achieves a root mean square error on the test data less than 1.5%. The predicted steam quality is then compared with the critical limits to guide the operators for safe and healthy operation of the boilers. The developed softsensor for estimation of the steam quality has simple structure and can be implemented easily at the operator stations or the application servers.
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Sucahyo, Bambang, Dwi Lukman H, Rohmadi Ridlo, Tyas Puspita R, and Erna Rosmala S. "KAJIAN TEKNOLOGI PEMANFAATAN BIOGAS POME (PALM OIL MILL EFFLUENT) KE BOILER." Majalah Ilmiah Pengkajian Industri 13, no. 1 (April 19, 2019): 43–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.29122/mipi.v13i1.3219.
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In collaboration with BPPT, PTPN V management starting in 2018 took place at the Sei Pagar Mill PTPN V in Riau Province, planning the implementation of Biogas to Boiler technology to maximize the use of Biogas. The study aims to substitute shells for steam boilers / kettle through the scheme of using biomass POME to boilers at palm oil mills. The Utilization Model is a simple representation of a complex process in reality. To produce the scheme the model was preceded by conducting technical studies and economic studies and comparative studies on several Mill s in Sumatra and Kalimantan. From some of the findings from the studies that were compiled, one of the most suitable models will be made that will be applied in the Sei Pagar Mill. Furthermore, from the model, still through the RISTEKDIKTI Flagship Insinas Program, it will be developed to produce Prototypes and Construction / modifications to the Existing Boiler that is applied to the Sei Pagar Mill . Utilization Model Scheme. Biogas POME to Boilers at Palm Oil Mill by applying Biogas to Boiler technology includes several components of equipment, such as: Blower, Piping System, Valve Train, Gas Burner (Single Burner), Forced Draft Fan, and Control Panel (PHB). Utilization Model. Biogas POME to Boilers at Palm Oil Mill can later be developed and implemented to support the application of Biogas to Boiler technology at Palm Oil Mills in Indonesia.Keywords: Steam Boiler / Boiler, Blower, Piping System, Valve Train, Gas Burner (Single Burner), Forced Draft Fan, and Control Panel (PHB)
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Varrasi, John. "The True Harnessing of Steam." Mechanical Engineering 127, no. 01 (January 1, 2005): 46–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2005-jan-6.
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This article discusses that although it remains the worst maritime disaster in the US history, the Sultana explosion was not an isolated incident in the United States. Boiler explosions occurred with alarming frequency, not only on board steamboats, but also in factories, mines, sawmill, and woodworking shops. Legend has it that the group came together expressly to address the problem of unsafe boilers, but the initial objectives of ASME were modest. The founders were seeking a reliable system for technical information exchange as well as a social setting. The publication of the first ASME Boiler Code in 1914 was a symbolic moment in the history of the Society, an event that would help define the organization and contribute to its stature and importance in the mechanical engineering community for decades to follow. Ninety years later, the Society today has approximately 3400 active volunteers working on committees that combine to issue more than 600 standards. The standards detail the proper dimensions of a wide range of manufactured objects, from pressure vessels and piping to screw threads. However varied they are, they serve a single purpose: to make sure that all the pieces fit and hold together safely, even under pressure.
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Firas, Basim Ismail, Kee Wei Yeo, and Fazreen Ahmad Fuzi Noor. "Intelligent Prediction of Clinker Formation Condition for Steam Boiler Tubes Using Artificial Neural Network." MATEC Web of Conferences 255 (2019): 06007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201925506007.
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Ash, as one of the by-product of combustion either accumulates onto boiler tubes as slag or is collected by electrostatic precipitators attached to the backend of the boiler. Flue gas will transport these ash particles either to the inner surfaces of the boiler or to the dust collecting facilities at the backend of the boiler. Sintered ash deposits formed in the radiant section of the boiler are known as clinkers and they contribute to a wide variety of problems to the boiler. Preventative measures to combat clinker formation is in dire need to the energy sector. In this study, a prediction model using real plan data was developed for detection of clinker formation conditions. Several variations of Artificial Neural Networks were tried and test, with emphasis given on the feed-forward neural network, cascade neural network and recurrent neural network. In addition, sensitivity analysis was also conducted to determine the influence of random input variables to their respective response variables. The Tornado Diagram is selected as the method to determine the most influential parameter for clinker formation. It is expected that the Recurrent Neural Network prediction model and the identified most influential input parameter for clinker formation will assist operators in decision making for the maintenance of boilers.
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Dvornik, Josko, Enco Tireli, and Srdjan Dvornik. "Analysis of the performance of the ship steam boiler using simulation." Thermal Science 13, no. 4 (2009): 11–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci0904011d.
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The aim of this paper is to demonstrate the successful application of system dynamics simulation modelling at investigating performance dynamics of the ship steam boiler. Ship steam boiler is a complex non-linear system which needs to be systematically investigated as a unit consisting of a number of subsystems and elements, which are linked by cause-effect feedback loops, both within the system and with the relevant surrounding. In this paper the authors will present the efficient application of scientific methods for the research of complex dynamic systems called qualitative and quantitative simulation system dynamics methodology, which will allow for production and use of higher number and kinds of simulation models of the observed elements, and finally allow for the continuous computer simulation, which will contribute to acquisition of new information about the non-linear character of performance dynamics of ship steam boilers in the process of designing and education. Ship steam boiler will be presented in POWERSIM simulation language in mental-verbal, structural, and mathematical computer models.
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Amir, Mokhtari Karchegani, Maboudi Samad, Shehni Meidani Behzad, and Satari Manesh Mehdi. "Corrosion Prevention in Boilers by Using Energy Audit Consideration." Applied Mechanics and Materials 532 (February 2014): 307–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.532.307.
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Marun's petrochemical boilers after four years was auditing by a team consist of different experts. Result of that audit was showing over design consuming of excess air and fuel which it cause low efficiency of working that evaluated by a program in excel application. For next step by using Fluent &Gambit software, boiler analyzed and it appeared that some of primary rows of boiler bank tubes caused overheating and after report, because of exceed requirement of steam for operation, boilers operated without stopping. So after short period some of boiler tubes ruptured and this failure continued until were decided to repair and replace overheated tubes with new ones and by calibrated and changed instrument logic, correction control loops, excess air set and it caused better efficiency, decrease polluted environment gas, prevention of corrosion in tubes, decrease fuel consumption and turning off one of boilers by receiving high efficiency of others boiler. So by using designed excel program for boiler process, condition monitoring perform monthly.
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Agussyah Putra, Dedy, and Muchsin Harahap. "OPTIMIZATION OF COGENT PLANT STEAM SUPPLY INTEGRATED WITH PLC CONTROL SYSTEM IN PT. MNA KUALA TANJUNG." Andalasian International Journal of Agriculture and Natural Sciences (AIJANS) 3, no. 01 (March 21, 2022): 66–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.25077/aijans.v3.i01.66-75.2022.
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Economic dispatch is often used in general to solve the problem of optimizing the fuel consumption of the electric power system, which focuses on developing optimization methods for a generation system. SCADA/PLC is used so that Economic Dispatch can run in real time on a system. In this research, an automation system will be designed that integrates Economic Dispatch into PLC in a generating system of 3 production boilers operating simultaneously (Cogent System) which aims to ensure that the Economic Dispatch system can run in real time. The simulation results show that the Economic Dispatch program on the PLC can run well. In the simulation of a steam load of 76 MT, the optimal value for boiler 1 is 45 MT and for boiler 3 it is 31 MT while in boiler 2 it is 0 MT, with the opportunity to save boiler fuel use by 16.8% and steam production cost can be reduced by 10% from its initial value.
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Yanuar, Farid. "Water Level Control Prototype Using Fuzzy Logic Control Optimized by the Cuckoo Search Algorithm Method." JEEE-U (Journal of Electrical and Electronic Engineering UMSIDA 4, no. 2 (October 30, 2020): 131–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.21070/jeeeu.v4i2.876.
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A boiler is a vessel used to produce water vapor which will be used as heating or propulsion. In the process industry, there are usually boilers that can produce steam to be used to transfer heat to a process. The steam produced by this boiler comes from water that is fed to the boiler and then boiled. After being raised at a certain temperature, the steam is ready to flow to the plant, such as a heater or turbine. In the process of converting water into steam, there are often problems so that the output is not what you want, such as the volume of water that is too large or below the setpoint. The volume of water that does not match the setpoint will cause many problems such as overpressure and overheat which causes the vapor pressure not to the desired specifications. In addition, failure in the control process can also result in system failure which can be fatal, such as damage to the vessel due to poorly controlled feed water which can even cause an explosion because the vessel is not strong enough to withstand the pressure generated [1]. The problems that arise at this time are the Fuzzy method in the Water Level Control System prototype to adjust the long time parameters and poor control accuracy, one of the efforts that is still very likely to be developed is; build an optimization method to solve the complexity of the optimization process, adjust the value of Fuzzy control parameters for a short time and have good control accuracy. The right method is the Cuckoo Search Algorithm (CSA).
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Bojić, M., and S. Dragićević. "Optimization of steam boiler design." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part A: Journal of Power and Energy 220, no. 6 (January 2006): 629–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/09576509jpe203.
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Rusinowski, Henryk, and Wojciech Stanek. "Hybrid model of steam boiler." Energy 35, no. 2 (February 2010): 1107–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2009.06.004.
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Zeinda, Eliza Marceliana, and Sho’im Hidayat. "RISK ASSESSMENT KECELAKAAN KERJA PADA PENGOPERASIAN BOILER DI PT. INDONESIA POWER UNIT PEMBANGKITAN SEMARANG." Indonesian Journal of Occupational Safety and Health 5, no. 2 (May 5, 2017): 183. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/ijosh.v5i2.2016.183-191.
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Boiler is a tool produced steam. The operation of boiler produce hazard that can cause accidents in labor. The purpose of this research is to risk assessment for accidents work in the operation of boilers in PT. Indonesia Power Unit Pembangkitan Semarang. This research is observational. The object of this research is boiler. The subject of this research is coordinator and operator boiler. The primary data was obtained from observation and interview, while secondary data from the corporate documents. The result showed that boilers in PT. Indonesia Power Unit Pembangkitan Semarang were 3 unit of water tube using fuel MFO and HSD. The identification hazard obtained 12 findings hazard on 9 areas the operation boiler PT. Indonesia Power unit Pembangkitan Semarang. The hazard in the area of boiler are noise, hot weather, fire sparks, hit, pinched hand, discover water vapor, high pressure, electricity, contact with a steam pipe, amount of oil, exposed NaOH liquid, and slip and fall down from the height. On controlling value, there were 6 hazards that classified as in very good control, 3 hazards were classified as partly implemented, and 3 hazards were classified as implemented. The residual risk was obtained 5 category risk with no risk and 7 risk categories low. Conclusion that can be drawn are hazard boiler in PT. Indonesia Power Unit Pembangkitan Semarang have high risk of are hazard discover water vapor and the high pressure. The company suggested to perform maintenance and reduce the risk to a low.Keywords: risk assessment, work accidents, boiler
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Ainun, Finus, and Jamaaluddin Jamaaluddin. "Analisa Eisiensi Economizer Terhadap Boiler (Gas Dan Solar) Di PT. Spindo III, Tbk." JEEE-U (Journal of Electrical and Electronic Engineering-UMSIDA) 2, no. 2 (November 27, 2018): 99. http://dx.doi.org/10.21070/jeee-u.v2i2.1697.
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The role of boiler machines at PT. SPINDO in the galvanize pipe production process is very important, where the steam produced by the fire tube boiler machine is directly distributed into the blow system for the cleaning of the remaining galvanic in the pipe and heating the water for pipe washing. To determine the efficiency of the boiler, a direct method is used to analyze the efficiency of boiler machines and indirect methods as a way of calculating the amount of efficiency if an economizer is installed. The efficiency of diesel-fueled boilers using the direct method yields an average yield of 40.7% (forty point seven percent) and 45.84% (forty five point eighty four percent) for gas-fired boilers. However, by using an indirect method, efficiency if installed economizer is obtained at 85.55% (eighty five point fifty five percent) for diesel-fueled boilers with a capacity of 5 tons and 81.76% (eighty one point seventy six percent) of the efficiency of a gas-fired boiler with a capacity of 2 (two) tons. Efficiency improvements can also be done in many ways, including maintenance of a good and scheduled boiler machine for good boiler feed water treatment.
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Stepanov, D., N. Stepanova, and S. Bilyk. "ENERGY MODERNIZATION OF INDUSTRIAL BOILER HOUSE." Modern technology, materials and design in construction 29, no. 2 (2021): 108–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.31649/2311-1429-2020-2-108-112.
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The current state of the energy sector is analyzed, the physical and moral obsolescence of the main equipment is revealed, the losses of electricity in the networks are increased. Coal combustion at power plants is accompanied by increased man-made load on the environment. To increase the energy, economic and environmental efficiency of energy supply of industrial enterprises, the use of decentralized cogeneration based on gas industrial boilers or the use of biomass boilers is proposed. Options for energy modernization on the example of an industrial dairy boiler house are considered. 8 variants of increase of reliability, energy efficiency, economy and environmental friendliness are offered, namely installation of boilers on biomass, gas turbine and gas-piston heat engines, creation of thermal power plant with steam turbine installation on saturated and superheated steam. The analysis of advantages and disadvantages of variants, and also rationality of their introduction on boiler houses of the industrial enterprise is executed. Calculations of economic indicators of different options for energy modernization of the boiler house allowed to identify effective methods to increase the efficiency of energy equipment. The analysis also takes into account the possibility of diversification of energy supply and reduction of dependence on electricity suppliers.
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Ciupek, Bartosz, Karol Gołoś, Radosław Jankowski, and Zbigniew Nadolny. "Effect of Hard Coal Combustion in Water Steam Environment on Chemical Composition of Exhaust Gases." Energies 14, no. 20 (October 12, 2021): 6530. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14206530.
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This academic paper revolves around the results of research on the change in emission parameters of the used heating boiler following the introduction of the overheated water stream, which had an impact on different emission parameters. The research results provide an insight into the hard coal combustion process, which had a significant impact on the change in the chemical composition of exhaust gases: it contributed to the lower mass concentration of the emitted dust and black carbon (PM) as well as nitric oxides (NOx) while, at the same time, playing a significant role in increasing the mass concentration of the emitted carbon oxide (CO). Two types of devices were used for the purposes of conducting the research at hand: a boiler with an automatic fuel feeding system with one combustion chamber and a boiler with a combustion chamber and an afterburning chamber fitted over it. Apart from the measurements of mass concentration of the emitted harmful substances, the research also focused on measurements of temperature inside the combustion and afterburning chambers, as well as the temperature of exhaust gases and their oxygen content. As part of the research, water steam was introduced to the combustion and afterburning chambers at the flow rate of 0.71 kg/h and 3.60 kg/h for boilers operating at a minimum power of 30% and a nominal power of 100%. An original steam generator with an overheated water steam production range from 0.71 kg/h to 3.60 kg/h was used to create and feed the water steam. The efficiency of the combustion process was calculated using the obtained results for each operating configuration of a given boiler.
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Normuminov, Jakhongir, Anvar Anarbaev, and Bobur Xurramov. "Utilizers of the condensing heat in the boiler's unit at heat power station of Uzbekistan." E3S Web of Conferences 216 (2020): 01123. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202021601123.
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The system of integrated heat supply from steam boilers using condensation heat exchangers based on thermal testing of the boiler unit TGMP-114S in the Syrdarya HPS, which is the largest heat power station in Uzbekistan with a capacity of 3200 MW, was considered. It has been calculated that the increasing of the efficiency the heat supply system for this boiler is equal to 3.4%.
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Mitrovic, Dejan, Branislav Stojanovic, Jelena Janevski, Marko Ignjatovic, and Goran Vuckovic. "Exergy and exergoeconomic analysis of a steam boiler." Thermal Science 22, Suppl. 5 (2018): 1601–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci18s5601m.
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Relying on coal as primary fuel in thermal power plants represents an unsustainable concept due to limited coal reserves and a negative environmental impact. Efficient utilization of coal reserves and a request for minimization of irreversibilities are imperative for thermal power plants operation. Numerous studies have shown that a steam boiler is a thermal power plant component with the highest irreversibility. The idea of this paper is to quantify the amounts and sources of irreversibilities within a steam boiler and its components, serving a 348.5MWe thermal power plant. Having this in mind, exergy and exergoeconomic analysis of a steam boiler is presented in this paper. Exergy destruction and exergy efficiency of all boiler components and of the boiler as a whole were calculated. Based on exergy flows and economic parameters (cost of the boiler, annual operation hours of the unit, maintenance factor, interest rate, operating period of the boiler), exergy analysis resulted in the cost of produced steam. The obtained results show that the boiler exergy efficiency is at 47.4%, with the largest exergy destruction occurring in the combustion chamber with a value of 288.07 MW (60.04%), and the smallest in the air heater with a value of 4.57 MW (0.95%). The cost of produced steam is calculated at 49,356.7 $/h by applying exergoeconomic analysis.
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Wamsley, Gary. "Our Boiler Feedwater Pumps Just Do Not Perform Like Before." Mechanical Engineering 134, no. 04 (April 1, 2012): 42–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2012-apr-5.
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This article discusses the performance problems associated with process water pumps. It highlights that at a boiler steam load in the 25% to 40% range, an automatic recirculation (ARC) valve is simply not accurate enough to detect a minimum pressure differential change of possibly 1–2 psig when the boiler drum level control valve closes for short-duration process demand changes. Converting the ARC valve to an electronic controller does not work reliably either. The amperage change is difficult to discern at low feedwater flow rates. Failure of the valve to open is a recipe for pump cavitation and becoming “steam bound.” If the boiler trips on “low water,” plant production can be affected immediately. For larger boilers with high-capacity, high-horsepower feed pumps, the ARC valve often becomes an energy conservation (cost) issue.
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Bakirov, F., and E. Ibragimov. "Efficiency of Installation of an Additional Gas-Air Heat Exchanger When Operating a Steam Boiler on Gas and Liquid Fuel." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2096, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2096/1/012011.
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Abstract The article presents the results of calculating the efficiency of reconstruction of the gas and air paths of a steam boiler when working on gas and liquid fuel due to the installation of additional gas-air heat exchangers. Due to the utilization of the thermal energy of the flue gases in the newly installed heat exchangers, the air is heated in front of the boiler air heaters and the fuel efficiency is increased by increasing the boiler efficiency. The increase in the efficiency of the "gross" boiler during the operation of the considered TGM-84 boiler on fuel oil with an average annual operating mode was 2.81 %. The flue gas temperature after the boiler air heaters was 178 °C, and the air temperature at the inlet to the air heaters was 99 °C at the average annual load of the boiler, which ensures an almost corrosion-free operation of the air heater packing. It is revealed that when the liquid fuel boilers, installation of new heat exchangers and their strapping on the side of the air and flue gas has a shorter payback period than the boiler gas fired. The simple payback period of the considered technical solution was 6,82 years when working on gas fuel and 1,35 years when working on liquid fuel.
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Patil, Sandip D. "Performance of Oil Fired Steam Boiler (100 Kg / Hr)." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. 10 (October 31, 2021): 1203–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.38605.
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Abstract: Steam boiler or simply a boiler is basically a closed vessel into which water is heated until the water is converted into steam at required pressure. To study the performance, Graphs are to be plotted for Pressure , Temperature , Boiler Efficiency, Equivalent Evaporation. Keywords: Dryness Fraction, Pressure, Boiler Efficiency, Equivalent Evaporation , Separating And Throttling, Condenser Efficiency.
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Aguilar Vizcarra, Duilio, Doris Esenarro, and Ciro Rodriguez. "Three Steps Mixed (Fire Tube–Water Tube) Vertical Boiler to Optimize Thermal Performance." Fluids 6, no. 3 (February 25, 2021): 93. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fluids6030093.
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The research aims to design and construct a new mixed vertical boiler (fire tube – water tube) with three gas passes. The strength of this technological innovation is in the best use of the thermic transmission receiving fluid (hot water, steam, thermal oil), this due to its multipurpose function of three steps using alternative fuels (Diesel, Liquid Petroleum Gas LPG, natural gas), by improving the thermal efficiency of the boiler its temperature is reduced with gases at low temperatures, which in turn also reduce environmental pollution. The methodology focuses on calculating the transfer area with the calculation method that will allow dimensioning the boiler, considering the calculation of losses and the fluid speed, with two defined procedures, the first for fire tube and water tube boilers. And another alternative. The results obtained allowed optimizing the thermal efficiency level, achieving very significant thermal efficiency results: With LPG 92.4% for hot water and 92.42% to generate steam in the same way with natural gas 90.25% for hot water and 90.24% to generate steam as well with Diesel 2; 89.21% for hot water and 89.31% to generate steam.
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Chudhoifah, Mochamad Nanchy, Dwita Suastiyanti, and Pathya Rupajati. "Analisa Kerusakan Pipa Boiler Super Kritikal." Jurnal Teknik Mesin ITI 4, no. 1 (February 27, 2020): 24. http://dx.doi.org/10.31543/jtm.v4i1.334.
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AbstrakBoiler adalah alat yang digunakan untuk mengubah air menjadi uap dengan cara dipanaskan menggunakan batubara sebagai bahan bakar utama. Pada pembangkit listrik tenaga uap dengan menggunakan boiler super critical berkapasitas 660 MW, temperatur uap 566 °C dan tekanan 240 bar memiliki pipa di area final superheater dengan jenis material SA213 – T91. Pada saat unit start up, pipa di area final superheater mengalami kebocoran sehingga pipa menjadi pecah. Pecahnya pipa menyerupai mulut ikan, hasil analisa penyebabnya kemungkinan karena Short Term Temperature. Melalui uji metalografi ditemukan adanya rongga-rongga dan retak pada struktur mikro, kemungkinan karena pengelupasan lapisan magnetik didalam pipa. Untuk itu pengoperasian boiler harus memperhatikan kenaikan metal temperatur tidak boleh melebihi 2°C/menit agar tidak terjadi pengelupasan lapisan magnetik pada pipa Boiler.Kata kunci: SA213-T91, retak, superheater.Abstract Boilers are tools used to convert water into steam by heating using coal as the main fuel. In steam power plants using super critical boilers with a capacity of 660 MW, steam temperatures of 566 ° C and pressure of 240 bar have pipes in superheater final area with material type SA213 - T91. When start of the unit, the pipe in the final superheater area has leaked so that the pipe was rupture. The rupture of a pipe like a fish's mouth, the results of the analysis cause may be due to Short Term Temperature. Through metallographic tests it was found that there were cavities and creeps on the microstructure, possibly due to the peeling of the magnetic layer in the pipe. For this reason, the operation of the boiler must pay attention to the increase in metal temperature should not exceed 2 ° C / minute so there is no exfoliation of the magnetic layer in the Boiler pipe.Keywords: SA213-T91, creep, superheater.
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Alazemi, Ahmed S. Kh R. Q., Mohammad Yeakub Ali, and Mohd Radzi Che Daud. "Preventive Maintenance of Boiler: A Case of Kuwait Industry." International Journal of Engineering Materials and Manufacture 4, no. 2 (June 15, 2019): 48–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.26776/ijemm.04.02.2019.02.
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In Kuwait, industrial boilers are used extensively in food, chemical, oil and gas, textile, pharmaceutical, power plant sectors for generation steam. As a crucial item in industries, its maintenance is of utmost importance. As there are two main maintenance approaches such as reactive maintenance and preventive maintenance, the application of a typical maintenance is definitely based on types of application, safety concern, and cost benefit ratio. If a boiler is down for few days, it may cause huge loss as it interrupts subsequent steps especially in process industries. In this research, the importance of preventive maintenance strategy for steam boilers in Kuwaiti industries has been studied. Based on relative advantages and disadvantages, a proper strategy is proposed for better management and effective maintenance of boilers.
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Maddah, Sadeghzadeh, Ahmadi, Kumar, and Shamshirband. "Modeling and Efficiency Optimization of Steam Boilers by Employing Neural Networks and Response-Surface Method (RSM)." Mathematics 7, no. 7 (July 15, 2019): 629. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math7070629.
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Boiler efficiency is called to some extent of total thermal energy which can be recovered from the fuel. Boiler efficiency losses are due to four major factors: Dry gas flux, the latent heat of steam in the flue gas, the combustion loss or the loss of unburned fuel, and radiation and convection losses. In this research, the thermal behavior of boilers in gas refinery facilities is studied and their efficiency and their losses are calculated. The main part of this research is comprised of analyzing the effect of various parameters on efficiency such as excess air, fuel moisture, air humidity, fuel and air temperature, the temperature of combustion gases, and thermal value of the fuel. Based on the obtained results, it is possible to analyze and make recommendations for optimizing boilers in the gas refinery complex using response-surface method (RSM).