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Journal articles on the topic 'Steam explosions'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 5 February 2022

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1

Stanmore, B. R., and M. Desai. "Steam Explosions in Boiler Ash Hoppers." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part A: Journal of Power and Energy 207, no. 2 (1993): 133–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/pime_proc_1993_207_022_02.

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Steam explosions are experienced in the ash hoppers of coal-fired boilers when hot ash falling from heat-transfer surfaces enters the water pool. Pellets of ash from three Australian power stations were formed in the laboratory and sintered under different conditions to simulate boiler ash deposits. When these were reheated and dropped into water, explosions were generated in isolated cases. The offending pellets were all lightly sintered and disintegrated into individual ash grains. The occurrence of explosions is unpredictable because of the extremely limited range of ash lump conditions und

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2

Medhekar, S., M. Abolfadl, and T. G. Theofanous. "Triggering and propagation of steam explosions." Nuclear Engineering and Design 126, no. 1 (1991): 41–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0029-5493(91)90203-t.

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3

Angelini, S., W. W. Yuen, and T. G. Theofanous. "Premixing-related behavior of steam explosions." Nuclear Engineering and Design 155, no. 1-2 (1995): 115–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0029-5493(94)00873-w.

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4

Schubach, S. A., and D. F. Bagster. "Some aspects of modelling steam explosions." Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries 9, no. 3 (1996): 193–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0950-4230(96)00015-0.

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5

Kim, Sang Ho, Seong-Wan Hong, and Rae-Joon Park. "Analysis of Steam Explosion under Conditions of Partially Flooded Cavity and Submerged Reactor Vessel." Science and Technology of Nuclear Installations 2018 (July 5, 2018): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/3106039.

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A steam explosion in a reactor cavity makes a mechanical load of the pressure pulse, which can result in a failure of the containment isolation. To prove the integrity of the containment during the ex-vessel steam explosion, the effects of water conditions on a steam explosion have to be identified, and the impulse of a steam explosion has to be exactly assessed. In this study, the analyses for steam explosions were performed for the conditions of a partially flooded cavity and a submerged-vessel in a pressurized water reactor. The entry velocity of a corium jet for the scale of the test facil

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6

Josefsson, T., H. Lennholm, and G. Gellerstedt. "Steam Explosion of Aspen Wood. Characterisation of Reaction Products." Holzforschung 56, no. 3 (2002): 289–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/hf.2002.047.

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Summary The steam explosion process was used to separate the components of aspen wood. The main goal was to obtain a material with a molecular weight distribution similar to that of dissolving pulp. To achieve variations in fibre structure and molecular weight, two series of steam explosions were made in which the time and temperature were varied according to factorial designs. The resulting pulps were very dark and were therefore bleached with hydrogen peroxide. The bleaching was sufficient to increase the brightness of the exploded material significantly. The resulting lignocellulosic materi

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7

Park, Sang-Hyun, Kwang-Hyun Bang, and Jong-Rae Cho. "Structural Integrity Evaluation of a Reactor Cavity during a Steam Explosion for External Reactor Vessel Cooling." Energies 14, no. 12 (2021): 3605. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14123605.

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Nuclear power is a major source of electricity in the international community. However, a significant problem with nuclear power is that, if a severe nuclear accident occurs, radiation may leak and cause great damage. As such, research on nuclear safety has become increasingly popular worldwide. In this paper, the structural integrity of a reactor cavity during a steam explosion—one kind of the aforementioned severe nuclear accidents—was evaluated. Steam explosions are primarily caused by fuel–coolant interactions (FCI), and result from issues in the cooling system that discharges the melt fro

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8

Varrasi, John. "The True Harnessing of Steam." Mechanical Engineering 127, no. 01 (2005): 46–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2005-jan-6.

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This article discusses that although it remains the worst maritime disaster in the US history, the Sultana explosion was not an isolated incident in the United States. Boiler explosions occurred with alarming frequency, not only on board steamboats, but also in factories, mines, sawmill, and woodworking shops. Legend has it that the group came together expressly to address the problem of unsafe boilers, but the initial objectives of ASME were modest. The founders were seeking a reliable system for technical information exchange as well as a social setting. The publication of the first ASME Boi

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9

Amarasooriya, W. H., and T. G. Theofanous. "Premixing of steam explosions: a three-fluid model." Nuclear Engineering and Design 126, no. 1 (1991): 23–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0029-5493(91)90202-s.

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10

Theofanous, T. G. "The study of steam explosions in nuclear systems." Nuclear Engineering and Design 155, no. 1-2 (1995): 1–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0029-5493(94)00864-u.

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11

Angelini, S., E. Takara, W. W. Yuen, and T. G. Theofanous. "Multiphase transients in the premixing of steam explosions." Nuclear Engineering and Design 146, no. 1-3 (1994): 83–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0029-5493(94)90322-0.

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12

Fletcher, D. F., and T. G. Theofanous. "Recent progress in the understanding of steam explosions." Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries 7, no. 6 (1994): 457–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0950-4230(94)80003-0.

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13

Gaete, Ayleen, Thomas R. Walter, Stefan Bredemeyer, et al. "Processes culminating in the 2015 phreatic explosion at Lascar volcano, Chile, evidenced by multiparametric data." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 20, no. 2 (2020): 377–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-20-377-2020.

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Abstract. Small steam-driven volcanic explosions are common at volcanoes worldwide but are rarely documented or monitored; therefore, these events still put residents and tourists at risk every year. Steam-driven explosions also occur frequently (once every 2–5 years on average) at Lascar volcano, Chile, where they are often spontaneous and lack any identifiable precursor activity. Here, for the first time at Lascar, we describe the processes culminating in such a sudden volcanic explosion that occurred on 30 October 2015, which was thoroughly monitored by cameras, a seismic network, and gas a

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14

Min, B. T., S. W. Hong, J. H. Kim, I. K. Park, and H. D. Kim. "Dominant Factor for the Occurrence of a Steam Explosion." Defect and Diffusion Forum 273-276 (February 2008): 388–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ddf.273-276.388.

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For the study of a steam explosion phenomenon in a nuclear reactor, prototypic corium, a mixture of UO2 and ZrO2 was melted in a cold crucible by applying an induction heating technique. The molten corium was then poured into cold water. It was fragmented into very small particles, so called debris, which enables a very rapid heat transfer to the water. Some cases led to steam explosions by thermal expansion of the water. After the tests, all the debris particles were dried and classified by their size. From the analysis by using EPMA, it was shown that the particles generated by a steam explo

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15

Epstein, M., H. K. Fauske, and T. G. Theofanous. "On the mechanism of aluminum ignition in steam explosions." Nuclear Engineering and Design 201, no. 1 (2000): 71–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0029-5493(00)00263-6.

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16

Huhtiniemi, I., and D. Magallon. "Insight into steam explosions with corium melts in KROTOS." Nuclear Engineering and Design 204, no. 1-3 (2001): 391–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0029-5493(00)00319-8.

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17

CHUNG, FA-PO, and SHIH-ANN CHEN. "Avoiding Steam Explosions During Catheter Ablation: “Stopping Before Popping”." Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology 24, no. 12 (2013): 1410–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jce.12233.

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18

Lowery, Alex W., and Terry Bateman. "Can the Aluminium Industry Learn from another Industry's Catastrophe?" Materials Science Forum 693 (July 2011): 133–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.693.133.

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On April 20, 2010, an explosion rocked the Deepwater Horizon in the Gulf of Mexico resulting in the deaths of 11 workers. Tens of thousands of documents were released during the investigation for the root cause of the explosion."What emerges is stark and singular fact: crew members died and suffered terrible injuries because every one of the Horizon's defenses failed on April 20. Some were deployed but did not work. Some were activated too late, after they had almost certainly been damaged by fire or explosions. Some were never deployed at all.(Barstow et al. 2011)". Parallels with the alumini

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19

Aminov, R. Z., and A. V. Portyankin. "ANALYSIS OF LAYOUT SOLUTIONS OF ELECTROLYSIS SHOP OF HYDROGEN SUPERSTRUCTURE TAKING INTO ACCOUNT THE RELIABILITY AND EXPLOSION RISK." Proceedings of the higher educational institutions. ENERGY SECTOR PROBLEMS 20, no. 5-6 (2018): 29–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.30724/1998-9903-2018-20-5-6-29-36.

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The article considers the layout solutions of the electrolysis shop of the hydrogen superstructure outside the territory of the nuclear power plant. To do this, an annual risk assessment was carried out taking into account the reliability and explosion risk for 1-4, 8 and 16 separate electrolysis shops installed on the site of the hydrogen superstructure. When taking into account equipment breakdowns, with possible explosions and fires in electrolysis plants, the risk due to fires and explosions was several times lower than the risk associated with equipment failures. Calculations showed that

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20

Kim, J. H., I. K. Park, B. T. Min, et al. "Results of the Triggered Steam Explosions from the TROI Experiment." Nuclear Technology 158, no. 3 (2007): 378–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.13182/nt07-a3849.

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21

Epstein, Michael, Hans K. Fauske, and Wison Luangdilok. "Potential for Steam Explosions Considering Droplet Solidification and Crust Stability." Nuclear Technology 175, no. 3 (2011): 520–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.13182/nt11-a12503.

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22

Montanaro, Cristian, Shane Cronin, Bettina Scheu, Ben Kennedy, and Bradley Scott. "Complex crater fields formed by steam-driven eruptions: Lake Okaro, New Zealand." GSA Bulletin 132, no. 9-10 (2020): 1914–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/b35276.1.

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Abstract Steam-driven eruptions are caused by explosive vaporization of water within the pores and cracks of a host rock, mainly within geothermal or volcanic terrains. Ground or surface water can be heated and pressurized rapidly from below (phreatic explosions), or already hot and pressurized fluids in hydrothermal systems may decompress when host rocks or seals fail (hydrothermal eruptions). Deposit characteristics and crater morphology can be used in combination with knowledge of host-rock lithology to reconstruct the locus, dynamics, and possible triggers of these events. We investigated

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23

Chen, X., W. W. Yuen, and T. G. Theofanous. "On the constitutive description of the microinteractions concept in steam explosions." Nuclear Engineering and Design 177, no. 1-3 (1997): 303–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0029-5493(97)00138-6.

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24

Park, Ik Kyu, Jong Hwan Kim, and Seong Wan Hong. "Analyses of Material Effects on Steam Explosions in TROI FCI Tests." Nuclear Science and Engineering 176, no. 3 (2014): 255–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.13182/nse13-16.

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25

Nelson, Lloyd S. "Steam explosions of single drops of pure and alloyed molten aluminum." Nuclear Engineering and Design 155, no. 1-2 (1995): 413–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0029-5493(94)00886-4.

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26

Yuen, W. W., X. Chen, and T. G. Theofanous. "On the fundamental microinteractions that support the propagation of steam explosions." Nuclear Engineering and Design 146, no. 1-3 (1994): 133–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0029-5493(94)90325-5.

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27

Hasslberger, Josef, Hyoung Ki Kim, Byung Jo Kim, In Chul Ryu, and Thomas Sattelmayer. "Three-dimensional CFD analysis of hydrogen-air-steam explosions in APR1400 containment." Nuclear Engineering and Design 320 (August 2017): 386–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nucengdes.2017.06.014.

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28

Park, Ik-Kyu, Jong-Hwan Kim, Beong-Tae Min, and Seong-Wan Hong. "Analyses of Size of Solidified Particles in Steam Explosions of Molten Core Material." Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B 34, no. 12 (2010): 1051–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.3795/ksme-b.2010.34.12.1051.

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29

Corradini, Michael L., James P. Blanchard, and Carl J. Martin. "Evaluation of Dynamic Pressures from Steam Explosions Applied to Advanced Light Water Reactors." Nuclear Science and Engineering 168, no. 3 (2011): 185–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.13182/nse10-24.

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30

Henry, Robert E., Michael Epstein, and Hans K. Fauske. "The Magnitude of Combined Physical and Chemical Explosions: A Mechanism for a Steam-Metal Chemical Explosion with Highly Reactive Metals." Nuclear Science and Engineering 180, no. 3 (2015): 312–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.13182/nse14-90.

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31

Almström, H., T. Sundel, W. Frid, and A. Engelbrektson. "Significance of fluid-structure interaction phenomena for containment response to ex-vessel steam explosions." Nuclear Engineering and Design 189, no. 1-3 (1999): 405–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0029-5493(98)00272-6.

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32

Elmaryami, Asa, Abdulla Sousi, Walid Saleh, Sharefa El-Mabrouk Abd El-Mawla, and Mohamed Elshayb. "MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE THERMAL STRESSES CALCULATION OF WATER TUBE BOILER DURING OPERATION." International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 7, no. 7 (2019): 191–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v7.i7.2019.747.

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In steam boiler industrial sector, pressure and temperature of the water tube are the two main factors that affecting the safety and efficiency of a steam boiler. Explosions may be occurring because of a sudden drop in pressure without a corresponding drop in temperature. Therefore, understanding the temperature distribution of the water tube boiler is essential control the failure and explosion of the boiler. Once the temperature distribution is known then the limiting factors that affect the water tube life such as maximum allowable thermal stresses can be determined. ANSYS software will be

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33

Brodie, Graham, Carmel Ryan, and Carmel Lancaster. "The Effect of Microwave Radiation on Prickly Paddy Melon (Cucumis myriocarpus)." International Journal of Agronomy 2012 (2012): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/287608.

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The growing list of herbicide-resistant biotypes and environmental concerns about chemical use has prompted interest in alternative methods of managing weeds. This study explored the effect of microwave energy on paddy melon (Cucumis myriocarpus) plants, fruits, and seeds. Microwave treatment killed paddy melon plants and seeds. Stem rupture due to internal steam explosions often occurred after the first few seconds of microwave treatment when a small aperture antenna was used to apply the microwave energy. The half lethal microwave energy dose for plants was 145 J/cm2; however, a dose of at l

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34

Berman, Marshall. "A Critique of Three Methodologies for Estimating the Probability of Containment Failure Due to Steam Explosions." Nuclear Science and Engineering 96, no. 3 (1987): 173–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.13182/nse87-a16380.

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35

Dolganov, K., V. Semenov, A. Kiselev, et al. "Method for evaluation of loads on VVER‑1200 reactor pressure vessel from in-vessel steam explosions." Известия Российской академии наук. Энергетика, no. 5 (October 2018): 42–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s000233100003214-9.

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36

FUMIHISA, KOBAYASHI. "DEVELOPMENT OF WASTE REDUCTION SYSTEM OF WASTEWATER TREATMENT PROCESS USING A MOSS: PRODUCTION OF USEFUL MATERIALS FROM REMAINDER OF A MOSS." International Journal of Modern Physics: Conference Series 06 (January 2012): 694–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2010194512003996.

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Landfill leachate pollution presents a serious environmental problem. It would be valuable to develop a sustainable method, one that is inexpensive and requires little energy, to eliminate the pollution and dispose of the waste. In a previous study, we reported the results of a leachate treatment for landfills in which we relied on the moss, Scopelophia cataractae, to support a sustainable method of waste reduction. In this study, for the development of a waste reduction system of landfill leachate treatment, we attempted to produce zinc as useful metal and ethanol as fuel from the remainder o

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37

Nelson, Lloyd S., Paul W. Brooks, Riccardo Bonazza, and Michael L. Corradini. "Triggering steam explosions of single drops of a molten ferrosilicon alloy with a simple encapsulated mechanical impactor." Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B 30, no. 6 (1999): 1083–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11663-999-0114-6.

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38

Kim, J. H., B. T. Min, I. K. Park, and S. W. Hong. "Triggered Steam Explosions with Corium Melts of Various Compositions in a Narrow Interaction Vessel in the TROI Facility." Nuclear Technology 169, no. 3 (2010): 239–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.13182/nt169-239.

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39

Walker, Brent H., and E. Howel Francis. "High-level emplacement of an olivine–dolerite sill into Namurian sediments near Cardenden, Fife." Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh: Earth Sciences 77, no. 4 (1987): 295–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263593300023191.

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ABSTRACTArchival and recent boreholes over an area of c. 3 km2 have revealed complex magma-host interaction at the termination of an olivine–dolerite sill in Fife. The sill interior has zones rich in plastically deformed, vesiculated heterogeneous sediment surrounded by amygdaloidal basalt. Sediments at the contacts have been reconstituted and enclose blebs of chilled vesicular basalt. Intrusion into low rank coal seams has produced multicomponent tuffisite. A vertically nested and laterally fingered sill front is envisaged as having propagated down dip under a thin cover (<500 m) of wet Na

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40

Stepanov, Borivoj, Momcilo Spasojevic, Zeljko Vlaovic, Kalman Babkovic, Djordjije Doder, and Vladimir Rajs. "Safety issues in solid fuel heating installed in closed systems without heat dissipation devices." Thermal Science 24, no. 2 Part B (2020): 1369–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci170623298s.

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The objective of this paper is to raise awareness of the risk of boiling liquid expanding vapor explosions (steam explosions) in heating systems in Serbia caused by a combination of the following factors: solid fuel burning, older boiler design, closed systems, and non-installation of heat dissipation devices. The practice is in accordance with neither Standard SRPS EN 303-5:2012 nor subject literature, which both demand that this type of heating be installed in open systems. Explosions do occur; there was one in 2014 in Futog, Serbia, with fatal consequences. The main protection element, safe

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41

Boreham, Frances, Katharine Cashman, and Alison Rust. "Hazards from lava–river interactions during the 1783–1784 Laki fissure eruption." GSA Bulletin 132, no. 11-12 (2020): 2651–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/b35183.1.

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Abstract Interactions between lava flows and surface water are not always considered in hazard assessments, despite abundant historical and geological evidence that they can create significant secondary hazards (e.g., floods and steam explosions). We combine contemporary accounts of the 1783–1784 Laki fissure eruption in southern Iceland with morphological analysis of the geological deposits to reconstruct the lava–water interactions and assess their impact on residents. We find that lava disrupted the local river systems, impounded water that flooded farms and impeded travel, and drove steam

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42

Kim, J. H., B. T. Min, I. K. Park, and S. W. Hong. "Triggered Steam Explosions with the Corium Melts of Various Compositions in a Two-Dimensional Interaction Vessel in the TROI Facility." Nuclear Technology 176, no. 3 (2011): 372–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.13182/nt11-a13314.

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43

Teska, Kirk. "Patent Watch Weather Control." Mechanical Engineering 134, no. 05 (2012): 42–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2012-may-4.

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This article presents an overview of few patents on the fringe of environmental engineering involving weather control. In the Patent number 462,795 issued in 1891, liquefied carbonic acid gas is placed in a shell, shot into the atmosphere, and exploded. The gas evaporates and in so doing allegedly cools down the atmosphere producing moisture in a cloud and ultimately rain. The wildest rainmaking patent is number 1,103,490, dated July 14, 1914. The inventor, J.M. Cordray, describes numerous balloons released into the atmosphere and then a lot of explosions. Some balloons include bags of water;

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44

Darmawan, Herlan, Thomas R. Walter, Valentin R. Troll, and Agus Budi-Santoso. "Structural weakening of the Merapi dome identified by drone photogrammetry after the 2010 eruption." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 18, no. 12 (2018): 3267–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-18-3267-2018.

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Abstract. Lava domes are subjected to structural weakening that can lead to gravitational collapse and produce pyroclastic flows that may travel up to several kilometers from a volcano's summit. At Merapi volcano, Indonesia, pyroclastic flows are a major hazard, frequently causing high numbers of casualties. After the Volcanic Explosivity Index 4 eruption in 2010, a new lava dome developed on Merapi volcano and was structurally destabilized by six steam-driven explosions between 2012 and 2014. Previous studies revealed that the explosions produced elongated open fissures and a delineated block

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45

Brodie, Graham, Natalie Bootes, Frank Dunshea, and Brian Leury. "Microwave Processing of Animal Feed: A Brief Review." Transactions of the ASABE 62, no. 3 (2019): 705–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/trans.13266.

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Abstract. Microwave frequencies occupy the portion of the electromagnetic spectrum from 300 MHz to 300 GHz. Microwave heating involves the simultaneous and rapid diffusion of heat and moisture through a material as a result of interactions between electromagnetic fields and polar molecules in the material. Microwave treatment of animal fodder and grains achieves many beneficial outcomes. It can be used for efficient drying and moisture leveling prior to long-term fodder storage. Localized steam explosions within the cell structures during microwave treatment also significantly increase the moi

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46

Kalderis, Dimitrios, Albert L. Juhasz, Raj Boopathy, and Steve Comfort. "Soils contaminated with explosives: Environmental fate and evaluation of state-of-the-art remediation processes (IUPAC Technical Report)." Pure and Applied Chemistry 83, no. 7 (2011): 1407–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac-rep-10-01-05.

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An explosion occurs when a large amount of energy is suddenly released. This energy may come from an over-pressurized steam boiler, from the products of a chemical reaction involving explosive materials, or from a nuclear reaction that is uncontrolled. In order for an explosion to occur, there must be a local accumulation of energy at the site of the explosion, which is suddenly released. This release of energy can be dissipated as blast waves, propulsion of debris, or by the emission of thermal and ionizing radiation. Modern explosives or energetic materials are nitrogen-containing organic co

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47

Wachsmann, Wm. "EXPERIMENTS TO DETERMINE THE CAUSES OF STEAM PIPE EXPLOSIONS ON BOARD GERMAN NAVAL VESSELS: Conducted at the Royal Dockyard, Wilhelmshaven and Reported in the “Marine Rundschau”." Journal of the American Society for Naval Engineers 7, no. 4 (2009): 737–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-3584.1895.tb04390.x.

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48

Pierorazio, A. J., and A. M. Birk. "Effects of Pressure Relief Valve Behavior on 2-Phase Energy Storage in a Pressure Vessel Exposed to Fire." Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology 124, no. 2 (2002): 247–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1390520.

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Recent studies have shown that the hazards associated with loss of containment and BLEVEs (boiling liquid expanding vapor explosions) are strongly tied to the energy stored in the liquid phase of a pressure vessel. This stored energy is affected by heat transfer with the surroundings (e.g., fire exposure) and pressure relief valve (PRV) action. Since it would be desirable to minimize this stored energy to reduce hazards, a study was initiated by Transport Canada and Queen’s University to quantify the effect of various PRV parameters on the thermal energy storage of a pressure vessel. A fully a

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49

Salvá, M., R. Hernández, and C. Sanz. "Proposal of a Method for Implementing Infrared Scanning Inspection Programs in Merchant Vessels." Marine Technology and SNAME News 41, no. 01 (2004): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/mt1.2004.41.1.1.

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This paper summarizes a proposal for implementing a predictive maintenance program based on infrared scanning inspection in merchant vessels. Current use of infrared inspection in merchant vessels is discussed, with an analysis of the problems and the benefits. Finally, a method for developing an inspection plan is proposed. The method consists of a selection of parameters, with consideration of infrared thermography and which general and specific criteria must be followed. Infrared thermal imaging is currently used for many engineering activities, mainly in industrial plants, in which predict

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50

Jo, HangJin, Jun Wang, and Michael Corradini. "Stratified steam explosion energetics." Nuclear Engineering and Technology 51, no. 1 (2019): 95–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.net.2018.08.019.

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