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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Steam generation

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Academic literature on the topic 'Steam generation'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 17 June 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Steam generation"

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Jin, Xin, Guiping Lin, and Haichuan Jin. "Experimental Investigations on Steam Generation in Nanofluids under Concentrated Solar Radiation." Energies 14, no. 13 (2021): 3985. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14133985.

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Developing renewable energy, especially solar energy related, is of great importance for securing our future energy society. Steam generation in nanofluids based on solar radiation has been increasingly studied. It has been determined that the efficiency of steam generation is significantly enhanced when nanoparticles are seeded into the fluid owing to their unique radiative heat transfer performance. The nanoparticles trap solar energy inside the fluid and convert it into thermal form, which dramatically accelerates the steam generation process. In this study, we experimentally investigated different nanofluids that directly absorb solar energy to generate steam. Ag nanofluid, Au nanofluid and MWCNT nanofluid with different concentration have been carefully investigated. We analyzed the temperature increase and steam generation combined with the calculation of the efficiency factor from radiative heat transfer. The heating power and steam generation power of different nanofluids and the same nanofluid with different concentrations were compared. For Au nanofluid with concentration of 0.5 wt‰, the absorbed solar energy for heating the volume and generating steam is 6 and 40 times higher than those of pure water, respectively. We concluded that localized boiling generates steam rapidly in nanofluids based on the observation of three types of nanofluids. Furthermore, the heating power and steam generation power of different nanofluids increase with concentration. Moreover, the difference between the efficiency factors results in varied volume heating and steam generation efficiencies for different nanofluids despite identical concentrations.

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OLEDNIC, Tatiana, and Nicoleta NEGRU. "Development of critical thinking through the implementation of STEM/STEAM projects." Acta et commentationes: Științe ale Educației 36, no. 2 (2024): 182–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.36120/2587-3636.v36i2.182-190.

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This article reflects practical aspects regarding the development of critical thinking through the implementation of STEM/STEAM projects, through the realization of various activities, implemented within the national project „ My House”, with the main goal being the capitalization of key/transversal skills and the development of skills and abilities regarding personal interests and aspirations of the young generation and the desire to continue learning throughout life.

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Liang, Jingkang, Xu Ji, Jingyang Han, and Yunfeng Wang. "Modeling and experimental investigation on a direct steam generation solar collector with flat plate thermal concentration." Energy Exploration & Exploitation 38, no. 5 (2020): 1879–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0144598720922681.

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Currently, steam generation using solar energy mostly relies on optical concentration, which is a costly system, to generate the high temperature needed for water evaporation. Here, the development of a low-cost and scalable approach based on thermal concentration for solar steam generation is reported. The system was demonstrated to be capable of generating 100–120°C steam under ambient air conditions without optical concentration. A solar thermal efficiency could be achieved up to 13% at an average solar irradiance of only 670 W m−2. The new solar steam generation system, with its simple structure, great effectiveness, and low cost, holds the promise of significantly expanding the application domain of solar thermal systems.

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Xiang, Bochao. "Fault Diagnosis and Performance Analysis of Steam Turbine Thermal System based on Improved BP Algorithm." Highlights in Science, Engineering and Technology 15 (November 26, 2022): 229–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/hset.v15i.2269.

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Steam turbine is an important tool in the growth of power generation work in power plants, and it is of great help to the growth of power generation work. The thermal power plant needs to constantly innovate the unit when generating electricity, and the steam turbine is an important part of the operation of the unit. Therefore, this paper proposes research on fault diagnosis and performance analysis of steam turbine thermal system based on improved BP algorithm. It mainly gives an overview of the steam turbine, and uses the improved BP algorithm scientifically, hoping to provide some help for the application of steam turbine.

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Goebel, O. "Thermohydraulics of direct steam generation." Le Journal de Physique IV 09, PR3 (1999): Pr3–481—Pr3–487. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/jp4:1999376.

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Moriber, Norm. "Steam Generation in Power Plants." Materials Performance 56, no. 12 (2017): 80. https://doi.org/10.5006/mp2017_56_12-80.

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Ke, Qingchao, and Jian Lin. "Dynamic Generation of Knowledge Graph Supporting STEAM Learning Theme Design." Applied Sciences 12, no. 21 (2022): 11001. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app122111001.

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Instructional framework based on a knowledge graph makes up for the interdisciplinary theme design ability of teachers in a single discipline, to some extent, and provides a curriculum-oriented theme generation path for STEAM instructional design. This study proposed a dynamic completion model of a knowledge graph based on the subject semantic tensor decomposition. This model can be based on the tensor calculation of multi-disciplinary curriculum standard knowledge semantics to provide more reasonable STEAM project-based learning themes for teachers of those subjects. First, the STEAM multi-disciplinary knowledge semantic dataset was generated through the course’s standard text and open-source encyclopedia data. Next, based on the semantic tensor decomposition of specific STEAM topics, the dynamic generation of knowledge graphs was realized, providing interdisciplinary STEAM learning topic sequences for teachers of a single discipline. Finally, the application experiment of generating STEAM learning themes proved the effectiveness of our model.

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Chorpening, Ben, Geo A. Richards, Kent H. Casleton, Mark Woike, Brian Willis, and Larry Hoffman. "Demonstration of a Reheat Combustor for Power Production With CO2 Sequestration." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 127, no. 4 (2003): 740–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1924633.

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Concerns about climate change have encouraged significant interest in concepts for ultralow or “zero”-emissions power generation systems. In a concept proposed by Clean Energy Systems, Inc., nitrogen is removed from the combustion air and replaced with steam diluent. In this way, formation of nitrogen oxides is prevented, and the exhaust stream can be separated into concentrated CO2 and water streams. The concentrated CO2 stream could then serve as input to a CO2 sequestration process. In this study, experimental data are reported from a full-scale combustion test using steam as the diluent in oxy-fuel combustion. This combustor represents the “reheat” combustion system in a steam cycle that uses a high and low-pressure steam expansion. The reheat combustor serves to raise the temperature of the low-pressure steam turbine inlet, similar to the reheat stage of a conventional steam power cycle. Unlike a conventional steam cycle, the reheat enthalpy is actually generated by oxy-fuel combustion in the steam flow. This paper reports on the unique design aspects of this combustor, as well as initial emissions and operating performance.

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Vikhraman Muniandy, Mohd Sharizal Abdul Aziz, and Hadafi Fitri Mohd Latip. "Study on The Improvement of Heat Recovery Steam Generator Efficiency – A Review." Journal of Advanced Research in Fluid Mechanics and Thermal Sciences 94, no. 2 (2022): 89–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.37934/arfmts.94.2.8998.

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Boilers are widely used in industries to produce steam. In some sectors, the steam generated is utilized directly in the production line for heating. Certain industries use steam to produce electricity. Fire tube boilers are limited to generating steam for processing; meanwhile, water tube boilers are widely used in electricity generation besides steam generation for processing lines. Subcritical boilers, supercritical boilers, and Heat Recovery Steam Generator (HRSG) are types of boilers commonly used to produce high capacity steam. This review article focuses on the optimization of HRSG operational efficiency. Industry players are keen on the improvement of operational efficiency since these directly influence the operating cost. Steam pressure, steam output, heat transfer efficiency and temperature distributions are key areas comprehensively reviewed in this article. Generally, improvement studies on boilers are not feasible to conduct during operation. Therefore, the scaled-down model used in the experiment or the boilers CFD models are simulated to understand the characteristics of the boilers. This review article is expected to overview HRSG boiler efficiency improvements and factors influencing boiler operational parameters.

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Alam, Mohammad Tawhidul, Tanbir Ibne Anowar, Md Ashiquzzaman ., Foysal Dhali, and Sifatuzzaman Niloy. "Electricity Generation from Exhaust Steam of a Steam Turbine Generator." Journal of Electrical and Power System Engineering 10, no. 1 (2024): 33–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.46610/jepse.2024.v010i01.005.

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The world desperately needs renewable energy. Harnessing energy from waste heat has the potential of bringing in a new era of electricity. This paper explores the utilization of waste heat through the implementation of a Peltier module-based electricity generation system. The proposed system employs Thermoelectric Generators (TEGs), leveraging the Seebeck effect, to convert thermal energy differentials into electric voltage. Through a detailed examination of the system's design, implementation methodology, and experimental results, the paper clarifies the feasibility and efficiency of Peltier-based electricity generation, including a scenario involving a 100 MW Diesel Power Plant that demonstrates the scalability and practical applications of the system. In this article, we utilized 750 ml water to create a total of 201.8256 mWh of energy from three Peltier modules. 12V Peltier modules were utilized in the planned system and predicted with 2L of water to create a maximum of 11.18 V, 9.67 V, and 7.23 V into three distinct Peltier modules. Data analysis and forecasting models provide insights into system performance and limitations under varying conditions. Ethical considerations regarding sustainability, material procurement, and disposal are also discussed. The paper underscores the promise of Peltier-based electricity generation in harnessing waste heat for sustainable energy solutions while emphasizing the importance of ethical awareness in technology deployment.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Steam generation"

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Rivera, Gomez Franco Wilfrido. "Heat transformer technology and steam generation." Thesis, University of Salford, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.360445.

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Ambrosson, Fredrik, and Markus Selin. "Solar Concentrating Steam Generation in Alberta, Canada." Thesis, KTH, Energiteknik, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-191492.

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In the context of climate change the world is facing an increasing need to become more environmentally sustainable, and a concerted effort to use renewable energy is required in order to decrease emissions, meet climate goals and prepare for the post-oil era. Solar energy is an area with great potential, and developments in solar energy technologies have increased rapidly. Concentrating solar technologies have existed for more than one hundred years, and have largely been applied in the context of direct power generation. However, solar energy technologies can also be used for purposes other than power generation, such as generating steam for alternative applications. This work investigates the steam generating potential of a solar steam generation system located at the Southern Alberta Institute of Technology (SAIT) campus in Calgary, Alberta, Canada and the potential for utility scale implementation in Alberta’s Oil Sands for steam demanding enhanced oil recovery (EOR) methods. Furthermore, this thesis also validates weather data for the SAIT campus. Both of the proposed systems use parabolic troughs as solar collectors. The SAIT system also incorporates a two-tank direct thermal energy storage and Therminol 62 as the heat transfer fluid, while the utility scale system uses water as the heat transfer fluid. The results show that the SAIT system can provide saturated steam at 0,7 MWh 155 times which amounts to a total steam output of 90 MWh annually. The results for the utility scale system show that solar steam generation from a 500 MW thermal plant implemented for enhanced oil recovery in an EOR facility becomes economically feasible, as compared with steam production from natural gas, at a natural gas delivery price of approximately $7 USD/GJ. Furthermore, an installed 500 MW thermal plant can reduce carbon emissions by 180,000 tonnes of CO2 equivalents annually. Conclusions drawn in this thesis are as follows: the technology is technically feasible however there are both political and economic obstacles to its use; solar EOR should be seen as an add-on to existing plants due to the intermittence of solar energy in Alberta; the GHG reduction potential is great and consequently there is a possibility of receiving carbon credits by using the technology; and by tilting the solar collector field total output can be increased by over 25%.<br>I dagens växande miljömedvetna samhälle behövs en kraftfull ansträngning mot förnybar energi för att minska växthusgasutsläpp, uppnå klimatmål och förbereda samhället för en era efter oljan. Solenergi är ett område med stor potential där utvecklingen inom området ökat lavinartat den närmsta tiden. Termisk solkraft (engelska: Concentrating Solar Power) är en teknologi som funnits tillgänglig i över ett sekel men det är först på senare tid som det börjat användas kommersiellt. Historiskt sätt har termisk solkraft använts för att generera elektricitet men teknologin kan även fördelaktigt användas för att tillverka ånga för andra syften än el-produktion. Detta examensarbete undersöker ånggenereringspotentialen för ett solånggenereringssystem placerat på campus tillhörande Southern Alberta Institute of Technology i Calgary, Alberta, Kanada. Arbetet undersöker även potentialen för denna teknologi storskaligt i oljeindustrin inom området förbättrad oljeutvinning (engelska: Enhanced Oil Recovery) som används i norra delen av Alberta i oljesanden (engelska: Oil Sands). För SAIT systemet har arbetet inkluderat val av komponenter, design av dessa och en validering av väderparametrarna som påverkar den möjliga ångproduktionen av systemet. I det storskaliga systemet har arbetet varit mer fokuserat på att undersöka när teknologin blir ekonomiskt gångbar och hur mycket växthusgasutsläpp som kan minskas genom att använda teknologin. SAIT systemet utgörs av två paraboliska trågkollektorer (engelska: parabolic trough collector) placerade på taket av Cenovus Energy Centre-byggnaden. Systemet innefattar även en termisk energilagring (engelska: thermal energy storage) som möjliggör ångproduktion på begäran. Värmeöverföringsfluiden är Therminol 62 som även används i energilagringen. Det storskaliga systemet är fokuserat på den sydligaste delen av oljesanden, Cold Lake och utnyttjar också paraboliska trågkollektorer som kollektorer. I detta system verkar vatten som värmeöverföringsmedium och ånga är producerad genom direktånggenerering och injicerade i oljereservoaren. Resultaten av arbetet visar att SAIT systemet kan producera 0,7 MWh mättad ånga 155 gånger vilket ger en total produktion om 90 MWh årligen. För det storskaliga systemet visar resultaten att termisk solkraft för ångproduktion blir ekonomiskt gångbart vid ett naturgaspris på $7 USD. Vidare visar resultaten att för ett termiskt solkraftverk på 500 MW kan reducera växthusgasutsläppen mot motsvarande ångproduktion från naturgas med 180 000 ton CO2-ekvivalenter. Slutligen visar arbetet att ångproduktionen kan öka genom att luta kollektorerna mot söder. Slutsatser och framtida arbete inkluderar: • Lutning av kollektorerna kan öka ångproduktionen med över 25 %. • Båda systemen är tekniskt genomförbara och hindren är främst politiska och ekonomiska. • Anläggningar för termisk solkraft för ånggenerering bör implementeras som tillägg till redan existerande anläggningar för förbättrad oljeutvinning och hållas operativt mellan mars till oktober. • Möjligheterna att minska utsläpp och erhålla utsläppsrätter är stora. • Idag är termisk solkraft för ånggenerering inte ekonomiskt gångbart i Alberta på grund av låga priser för naturgas. • Platsspecifika undersökningar av existerande anläggningar för förbättrad oljeutvinning för att se var termisk solkraft har potential att implementeras behöver utföras. • En undersökning för att se hur stora inkomster utsläppsrätter kan generera behöver genomföras.

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Cairns, Paul-Emanuel. "High Pressure Oxy-fired (HiPrOx) Direct Contact Steam Generation (DCSG) for Steam Assisted Gravity Drainage (SAGD) Application." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/24329.

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Production in Canada’s oil sands has been increasing, with a projected rate of 4.5 million barrels per day by 2025. Two production techniques are currently used, mining and in-situ, with the latter projected to constitute ~57% of all production by that time. Although in-situ extraction methods such as Steam Assisted Gravity Drainage (SAGD) are less invasive than mining, they result in more greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions per barrel and require large amounts of water that must be treated and recycled with a make-up water requirement of about 10%. CanmetENERGY is developing a steam generation technology called the High Pressure Oxy-fired Direct Contact Steam Generator (HiPrOx/DCSG, or DCSG for short) that will reduce these water requirements and sequester GHGs. This study evaluates the technical feasibility of this technology using process simulations, bench-scale testing, and pilot-scale testing. At first, a method in which to integrate the DCSG into the SAGD process was presented and process modeling of expected system performance was undertaken. The process simulations indicated that DCSG decreased the energy intensity of SAGD by up to 7.6% compared to the base SAGD case without carbon capture and storage (CCS), and up to 12.0% compared to the base SAGD case with CCS. Bench-scale testing was then performed using a pressurized thermogravimetric analyzer (PTGA) in order to investigate the effects of increased pressure and high moisture environments on a Canadian lignite coal char’s reactivity. It was found that under reaction kinetic-controlled conditions at atmospheric pressure, the increased addition of steam led to a reduction in burning time. The findings may have resulted from the lower heat capacity and higher thermal conductivity of steam compared to CO2. At increased pressures, CO2 inhibited burnout due to its higher heat capacity, lower thermal conductivity, and its effect on C(O) concentrations on the particle surface. When steam was added, the inhibiting effects of CO2 were counteracted, resulting in burnout rates similar to pressurized O2/N2 environments. These preliminary results suggested that the technology was feasible at a bench-scale level. Conflicting literature between bench-scale and pilot-scale studies indicated that pilot-scale testing would be advantageous as a next step. At the pilot-scale, testing was performed using n-butanol, graphite slurry, and n-butanol/graphite slurry mixtures covering lower and upper ends in fuel reactivity. It was found that stable combustion was attainable, with high conversion efficiencies in all cases. With the n-butanol, it was possible to achieve low excess oxygen requirements, which minimizes corrosion issues and reduce energy requirements associated with oxygen generation. With graphite slurry, it was found that it was possible to sustain combustion in these high moisture environments and that high conversion was achieved as indicated by the undetectable levels of carbonaceous materials observed in downstream equipment. Overall, these studies indicate that DCSG is technically feasible from the perspectives of energy and combustion efficiencies as well as from a steam generation point of view. Future work includes the investigation of possible corrosion associated with the product gas, the effect of CO2 on bitumen production, the nature of the mineral melt formed by the deposition of the dissolved and suspended solids from the water in the combustor, and possible scaling issues in the steam generator and piping associated with mineral deposits from the dissolved and suspended solids in the produced water is recommended.

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Kysel, Stanislav. "Energetický paroplynový zdroj na bázi spalování hutnických plynů." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-229801.

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The main goal of my thesis is to carry out thermic calculations for adjusted conditions of electric and heat energy consumption. The power of the generator is 330 MW. In the proposal, you can find combustion trubines type GE 9171E. Steam-gas power plant is designed to combust metallurgical gases. Effort of the thesis focuses also on giving a new informations about trends in combinated production of electric and heat energy.

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Kysel, Stanislav. "Energetický paroplynový zdroj na bázi spalování hutnických plynů." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-230245.

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The main goal of my thesis is to carry out thermic calculations for adjusted conditions of electric and heat energy consumption. The power of the generator is 330 MW. In the proposal, you can find combustion trubines type GE 9171E. Steam-gas power plant is designed to combust metallurgical gases. Effort of the thesis focuses also on giving a new informations about trends in combinated production of electric and heat energy.

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Hagos, Dejene Assefa. "Techno-Economic Assesment of Parabolic Trough Steam Generation for Hospital." Thesis, KTH, Energiteknik, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-42720.

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Hospitals are one of the most energy consuming centers in which thermal energy is utilized for different medical equipments and others. Sterilizers, laundry and kitchens are the main thermal energy utilizing equipments. In addition, large amount of hot water is utilized mainly for showering and dish washing. The main sources of this thermal energy are fossil fuel for oil fired boilers and solar irradiation for solar thermal steam generation system. This project aims in analyzing the Technical performance of parabolic trough steam generation and oil fired boiler steam generation system for Black lion general specialized hospital which is located in Addis Ababa and to perform economic assessment on both systems so as to make comparison test. The result from technical feasibility study shows the parabolic trough can meet the steam demand of the hospital at the required time, more than 8hour per day, as the hospital currently require steam for different activities during the day time for 8hour per day. During cloudy day the conventional back up steam generation system will meet the daily demand for few days of the year. The economic assessment result shows that although the initial investment of concentrated solar steam generation is high as compared to convention steam generation system, the reverse is observed in operation and maintenance cost, resulting solar thermal steam generation break even (payback) to occur early, after 7 year the system let to operate over the conventional oil fired steam generation. In addition the levelized cost of energy for concentrated solar steam generation is found to be 58% higher than conventional steam generation. Hence, the result shows that parabolic trough is found to be more economical for steam generation than oil fired boiler. If solar thermal steam generation (parabolic through) is implemented, the fuel consumption and operational cost of the boiler can be reduced appreciably.

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Rwezuva, Onekai Adeliade. "Solar Augmentation of Process Steam Boilers for Cogeneration." Master's thesis, Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/33898.

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In this study, the techno-economic feasibility of converting an existing process steam plant into a combined heat and power plant, using an external solar thermal field as the additional heat source was studied. Technical feasibility entailed designing a suitable heat exchanger, which uses hot oil from the solar field to raise the steam conditions from dry saturated to superheated. The solar field was sized to heat a selected heat transfer fluid to its maximum attainable temperature. A suitable turbine-alternator was chosen which can meet the required plant power demand. For this to be a success, the processes which require process steam were analysed and a MathCAD model was created to design the heat exchanger and check turbine output using the equations adapted from various thermodynamics and power plant engineering texts, together with the Standards for the Tubular Exchanger Manufacturer's Association. The U.S. National Renewable Energy Laboratory system advisor model was used to size the suitable solar field. A financial model was developed in Excel to check the economic feasibility of the project, using discounted payback period as the economic indicator. It was found out that amongst loan interest rates, variation of system output and the electricity output, the profitability of the project was largely influenced by the electricity tariff. An optimum size for the heat exchanger of 30ft was established from the sensitivity analysis and it was concluded that the project is currently not economically viable on an independent investor financing model, unless either the electricity tariff improves or the solar thermal energy and turbine technology costs decrease.

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Schlaifer, Perrine. "Performance Calculations and Optimization of a Fresnel Direct Steam Generation CSP Plant with Heat Storage." Thesis, KTH, Kraft- och värmeteknologi, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-116806.

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This master thesis deals with the performance calculations of a 9MW linear Fresnel CSP plant withdirect steam generation built by the Solar Division of the CNIM Company. The aim was to calculate theannual electricity production taking into account the weather conditions as well as some steam storage.At first, a steam accumulator model was developed with Excel, in order to estimate the pressureevolution in the tanks during the charging, storage and discharging processes. The data obtained withthis model was then integrated to the thermodynamic cycle model, programmed with Excel, whichcalculated the electrical power production knowing the thermal power available in the solar field. Theelectricity production calculations were made every 600 seconds during one year.To improve the results accuracy, the influence of the plant location slope was estimated, calculating theequivalent azimuth and elevation angles in a new spherical coordinates system. For an average slope of4.21° at the plant location, the annual thermal energy gain is 14.4% (with a gain up to 60% duringwinter days) and the annual electricity production is increased by 12.59%. The influence of frost on themirrors during cold and humid nights was also estimated with a simple model of the energy needed toheat up a constant layer of ice. Depending on the assumptions, the electricity production losses werebetween 1.27 and 2.84% of annual electricity production. The losses due to plant shutdowns set by theelectrical network manager RTE during the snowmelt months were also estimated. The annualelectricity production could decrease by 8.02 to 11.57 % because of the load management, dependingon the days during which the plant is shutdown.Finally, an economic optimisation was led with prices estimated by CNIM, which gave an optimal solarfield design with 31 lines and 5 steam accumulators. The payback time would then be 9.887 years.

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Somasundara, D. H. G. S. R. "Waste from instant tea manufacturing as a fuel for process steam generation." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Energisystem, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-25094.

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An existing furnace oil fired boiler is used to supply process steam to an instant tea manufacturing factory. The instant tea is manufactured the Broken Mixed Fannings (BMF) through extraction and other required processes. The average steam consumption of the plant is 6000 kg/h at 10 barg pressure. During the process, tea waste is generated at a nominal rate of 50,000 kg/day, about 2000 kg/h at around 70% MC content on wet basis. At the moment this waste tea is either dumped in the surrounding area by spending money or sent to landfilling purposes, which create environmental issues. The tea waste coming out at 70% MC wet basis, is looked at to press through continuous belt press to reduce the moisture content to about 55% on wet basis. The water removed from this pressing process is sent to effluent treatment plant at the factory. The output from the belt press is sent to a steam operated The average generation of tea waste from the instant tea manufacturing process process is about 2000 kg/h, after pressing in the belt press an output rate of about 1,400 kg/h at 55% MC. This amount of tea waste at 55% MC is sent to a rotary steam tube dryer and the MC is reduced from 55% to 30% and the output rate from the steam tube dryer is about 857 kg/h. The amount of steam consumed by the rotary steam tube dryer at 6 barg pressure is 760 kg/h. Then the tea waste from the rotary tube dryer is mixed with firewood of 30% MC and fed to the boiler to generate process steam, out of which 857 kg/h steam at 6 barg pressure is sent back to the rotary steam dryer. From tea waste alone, a steam amount of 2,472 kg/h can be supplied after giving steam to the rotary steam dryer. The balance steam amount of 3,528 kg/h for the process requirement is supplied by burning additional firewood at 30% MC content. The tea waste fuel and firewood in combination have an overall moisture content of 30% on wet basis. The boiler is rated at 10,000 kg/h F & A 100 deg C with an actual generating capacity of about 9000 kg/h at 10 barg operating pressure at 70 deg C feed water temperature. By implementing the combination of belt press, rotary steam tube dryer and firewood boiler in place of the existing furnace oil fired boiler, an annual monetary saving of 168 Mn SLR/year can be achieved with a simple payback period of 21 months which is a highly feasibly project.

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Bond, Nicole. "Inorganic Phase Characterization, Corrosion Modelling and Refractory Selection for Direct Contact Steam Generation." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/41951.

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Technological advances are required to reduce the environmental impact of the Canadian oil sands. Oxy-direct contact steam generation (DCSG) is one such way to move toward this goal, by producing steam for oil sands operations with a higher efficiency, lower fresh water consumption, and lower CO₂ emissions than traditional once-through steam generators. For DCSG, untreated process water, which may contain a variety of inorganics, is injected directly into the combustor to produce steam. The inorganic material that may deposit in the combustor as a result of that process water was studied for two applications of DCSG in the Canadian oil sands: (1) steam assisted gravity drainage (SAGD), and (2) mining, in order to inform refractory material selection for the combustor. For SAGD, free water knockout tank discharge was used as the process water and resulting deposits in the combustor were predicted to be high in silica and sodium oxide, and enriched with sodium sulfate as the potential operating temperature of the combustor was lowered. At the lowest combustor temperature studied (1075 °C), a low viscosity molten salt phase rich in sodium sulfate was also expected to form. It is recommended that the operating temperature of the combustor be as low as possible while still remaining above the formation temperature of this potentially corrosive salt phase, thus in the range of 1200-1250 °C in the regions of the wall where solids are expected to impact it. A number of candidate refractory materials were assessed through corrosion models and corrosion tests. Aluminosilicate based refractory materials should be avoided due to their potential reaction with the sodium oxide in the slag. This can result in formation of low density solid phases such as nepheline, which can damage the refractory material through volume expansion. Of the three refractories tested, mullite zirconia yielded the worst corrosion resistance, with dissolution of the binder phase and full penetration by sodium oxide. Chromia corundum yielded the greatest resistance to penetration of the materials tested, though some dissolution of the chromia in the slag was still evident. Further investigation into high chrome refractory materials is recommended for this application. For mining applications, mature fine tailings water (MFT) combined with an oil sands processing water (OPW) was used as the process water for injection. Due to the high liquidus of the resulting inorganic deposits, co-injection of a fluxant is recommended to reduce the liquidus and viscosity of the resulting slag solution, thereby maximizing the combustor efficiency by reducing the required operating temperature. Dolomite was identified as the optimal fluxant, at a concentration of 20 wt % CaMgO₂ in the fluxed slag. This mixture was found to have a viscosity of just under 25 Pa·s at 1300 °C, making this a good operating point for the DCSG combustor, as the slag should flow freely and not cause plugging. The corrosion resistance of several candidate refractory materials was assessed through modelling and laboratory scale testing for both the fluxed and non-fluxed slag. Similar to the results for SAGD, of the refractories tested, chromia corundum offered the greatest resistance to penetration, while mullite zirconia was most deeply penetrated by sodium oxide. Again, a chromia-containing refractory is recommended for further investigation for use in the DCSG combustor. Other candidate refractories investigated in the models that warrant testing are chromia spinel and magnesium aluminate spinel. For future work, further corrosion tests at multiple durations are recommended, as well as characterization of refractory samples from CanmetENERGY’s DCSG pilot plant and quantification of the effects of slag exposure on the mechanical strength of the refractory materials.

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Books on the topic "Steam generation"

1

Joint Power Generation Conference (1988 Philadelphia, Pa.). Steam turbines in power generation. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1988.

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C, Stultz S., Kitto John B, and Babcock & Wilcox Company., eds. Steam, its generation and use. 4th ed. Babcock & Wilcox, 1992.

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B, Kitto John, Stultz S. C, and Babcock & Wilcox Company., eds. Steam, its generation and use. 4th ed. Babcock & Wilcox, 2005.

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V, Ganapathy. Nomograms for steam generation and utilization. Fairmont Press, 1985.

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International Joint Power Generation Conference (1990 Boston, Mass.). Advances in steam turbine technology for power generation. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1990.

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Subramanian, S. A. Thermal power generation, an overview: Lectures & papers. Research Scheme on Power, Central Board of Irrigation and Power, 1985.

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G, Steltz W., American Society of Mechanical Engineers. Power Division., and International Joint Power Generation Conference (1992 : Atlanta, Ga.), eds. Steam turbine-generator developments for the power generation industry: Presented at the 1992 International Joint Power Generation Conference, Atlanta, Georgia, October 18-22, 1992. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1992.

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G, Moore W., American Society of Mechanical Engineers. Steam Turbine Committee., and International Joint Power Generation Conference (1994 : Phoenix, Ariz.), eds. Advances in steam turbine technology for the power generation industry: Presented at the 1994 International Joint Power Generation Conference, Phoenix, Arizona, October 2-6, 1994. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1994.

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Chen, M. J. Generation systems software: Steam, gas and diesel plant. Chapman & Hall, 1996.

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Mahadzir, S. Energy analysis of steam turbine power generation systems. UMIST, 1995.

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Book chapters on the topic "Steam generation"

1

Behrens, Malte, and Marc Armbrüster. "Methanol Steam Reforming." In Catalysis for Alternative Energy Generation. Springer New York, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-0344-9_5.

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Chen, M. J., M. Buamud, and D. M. Grant. "Steam turbo-generator program manual." In Generation Systems Software. Springer US, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-1191-1_4.

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O’Kelly, Peter. "Boiler Circuits and Steam Generation." In Computer Simulation of Thermal Plant Operations. Springer New York, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-4256-1_12.

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Thulukkanam, Kuppan. "Boiling, Condensation, and Steam Generation." In Heat Exchangers. CRC Press, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003352044-5.

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Syam, Dhruba J. "Steam Turbine Driven Thermal Power Generation (STG) Plants." In Electrical Power Generation. CRC Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003403128-3.

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Agüero, Alina, Marcos Gutiérrez, and Raúl Muelas. "Steam Oxidation Testing of Coatings for Next Generation Steam Power Plant Components." In High-Temperature Oxidation and Corrosion 2005. Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-409-x.205.

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Ehtiwesh, Amin, C. Kutlu, Yuehong Su, and Jo Darkwa. "Comparison of Direct Steam Generation and Indirect Steam Generation of Solar Rankine Cycles Under Libyan Climate Conditions." In Advances in Heat Transfer and Thermal Engineering. Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-4765-6_134.

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Spliethoff, Hartmut. "Steam Power Stations for Electricity and Heat Generation." In Power Systems. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-02856-4_4.

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Higgins, M. W., A. R. Shakeelur Rahman, and Neetu Jha. "Highly Efficient Solar Steam Generation Using Carbon Cloth System." In Advances in Energy Research, Vol. 2. Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-2662-6_13.

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Rigatos, Gerasimos, Masoud Abbaszadeh, Mohamed-Assaad Hamida, and Pierluigi Siano. "Fault diagnosis for gas and steam-turbine power generation units." In Fault Diagnosis for Electric Power Systems and Electric Vehicles. CRC Press, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003527657-4.

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Conference papers on the topic "Steam generation"

1

Klute, Sven, Marcus Budt, and Mathias van Beek. "INDUSTRIAL PROCESS STEAM GENERATION FROM DEEP GEOTHERMAL RESERVOIRS." In 37th International Conference on Efficiency, Cost, Optimization, Simulation and Environmental Impact of Energy Systems (ECOS 2024). ECOS 2024, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.52202/077185-0028.

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Kelly, J. A., and D. I. Bain. "Minimizing Iron Oxide Deposition in Steam Generating Systems." In CORROSION 1990. NACE International, 1990. https://doi.org/10.5006/c1990-90081.

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Abstract Iron oxide deposition affects steam generating efficiency and is a major cause of tube failures in high pressure boilers. A major factor contributing to this problem is increased return of corrosion products in the condensate from various processes throughout the plant. The most common approach to minimizing the deposition of iron oxides is to inhibit its generation in the total steam circuit. This paper discusses the chemistry of iron oxide and methods for controlling its deposition in boilers. Included are results for diethylhydroxylamine (DEHA) which demonstrate its application as a corrosion inhibitor to minimize iron oxide generation at its source.

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MacDonald, S. "Preoperational Chemical Cleaning of Heat Recovery Steam Generators." In CORROSION 2003. NACE International, 2003. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2003-03582.

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Abstract Combined-cycle power generation has become very popular for utilities wishing to increase their power production capacity. Compared to conventional coal-fired units, combined-cycle plants are less expensive, easier to install, have a higher efficiency, and, at the time of this study, are less subject to environmental regulations. An integral component of a combined-cycle unit is the heat recovery steam generator (HRSG). Although heat fluxes in an HRSG are typically lower than in a standard boiler,1 water chemistry issues are just as critical. One topic of extensive discussion among power generating personnel is pre-operational chemical cleaning of HRSGs. Pre-operational cleanings are often recommended to remove lubricants, mill scale, weld spatter, and other debris that would otherwise foul the boiler upon start-up. Chemical cleaning of an HRSG is frequently complicated by the physical lay out of the unit, which may include two or even three steam generating circuits. This may require staged or extended cleaning procedures. This report outlines previous experiences with HRSG pre-operational cleanings and it looks at how cleaning procedures may be improved in the future.

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Ghafri, Mohamed, Nasser Behlani, Saleh Omairy, Aulaqi Muatasam, and Mahmoud Nasif. "Corrosion Monitoring of Complex Heat Recovery Steam Generation Boilers." In CORROSION 2020. NACE International, 2020. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2020-15116.

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Abstract The thermal Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) steam generation project in Petroleum Development Oman (PDO) is considered to be the first project in the Gulf region. This is a large-scale project that affects an entire country’s economic position. EOR through Heat recovery steam generation (HRSG) has been applied since 2012 in order to inject 11,000 to 13,000 steam-ton/day to produce around 135,000bbl net oil. This type of boilers consists of complex coil tubes varying from 2” to 4” inch diameters, and length &gt;11 km within 25m2 boxes. Repetitive failures were reported over the past 3-years due to the absence of appropriate inspection techniques to be used for detecting corrosion. Hence, decision was taken to fully replace these 4-units at a cost of approved US$ 100Mln with accumulated oil deferment. An “out of the box solution” was developed to inspect the tube coils to detect corrosion and to replace only the defect tube, accordingly. The free Swimming inspection tool pig (FSIT), which was qualified for inspecting non-piggable pipelines, has been re-engineered to meet the coil tubes size diameters and configuration, and to successfully conduct reliable inspection. The obtained data has confirmed the assurance and integrity of boiler tubes, and only minor defect were found to be replaced. This new technique has resulted in a tangible savings of compete set for the 4-HRSG units. Therefore, this has now been proven to be the HRSG standard tubes coil inspection tool for first time in the industry. This paper is an accumulation of a portion of significant exercises learnt from boilers issues that related the full affirmation and respectability to assess and gauge defects of complex boilers tubes.

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Willwerth, Lisa, Svenja Müller, Joachim Krüger, et al. "Steam drum design for direct steam generation." In SOLARPACES 2016: International Conference on Concentrating Solar Power and Chemical Energy Systems. Author(s), 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4984342.

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Logar, Andreas, Thomas Depolt, and Edwin Gobrecht. "Advanced Steam Turbine Bypass Valve Design for Flexible Power Plants." In 2002 International Joint Power Generation Conference. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ijpgc2002-26071.

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The authors company has had extensive experience providing steam turbines including auxiliary systems as a turn key contractor for more than 40 years. Bypass systems are an integrated part of modern Combined Cycle Power Plants (CCPP) [1]. Bypass systems contribute a major part for operational flexibility. They allow the shortest start-up times by minimising mismatches between boiler/HRSG and turbine. Bypass systems also lead to predictable and repeatable start-up times, as well as reducing solid particle erosion of component, to a great extent. The functional requirements for bypass valves are: • Control mode for an accurate control of the IP and LP bypass steam flow during the unit start-up and shut-down, as well as during normal operating transients. • Fast closing mode for bypass-trip (supported by spring force) when required for condenser protection. • Combined mode for fast reaction on pressure increase to a define set point and further action in control mode. In the past, a combined stop and control valve design, each with a separate stem, was common. The challenging objective for the bypass valve design was to integrate the control function and the trip function with a single stem design. The authors company has developed this advanced steam turbine bypass valve that incorporates hydraulic actuator with a single stem design. The valve bodies have noise reduction fittings and are equipped with large extensions on the outlet side to reduce vibration throughout the bypass system. The bypass valve body has an integrated steam strainer which protects both valve parts and the condenser from external debris. The bypass design is prepared for Power Plants with elevated temperatures which allow for the highest plant efficiencies [2]. Surface coating protect moving components against oxidation and reduce friction by means of a surface coating. Steam at high temperature passes through the bypass to the condenser. An incorporated water attemporating flow control system reduces the steam temperatures before entering the condenser. Condensate water is injected through an orifice in the bypass system. The orifice is located down stream in the pipe between the bypass valve and condenser. Electro-hydraulic supply units deliver the control fluid to the bypass valves. An optimized bypass system has to provide: • Long service life with low maintenance costs; • High stroke speed; • Pressure control by unit set point; • High actuation forces; • Accurate positioning; • Very short trip time into closed position. By means of bypass station, one can get highest flexibility of power plants use of the new valve one will get highest control performance and shortest reaction time.

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McCloskey, Thomas. "Troubleshooting Turbine Steam Path Damage." In 2002 International Joint Power Generation Conference. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ijpgc2002-26108.

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Steam path damage, particularly of rotating and stationary blading, has long been recognized as a leading cause of steam turbine unavailability for large fossil fuel plants worldwide. Turbine problems cost the utility industry as much as one billion dollars per year. Failures of blades, discs, and rotors in both fossil and nuclear steam turbines, represent a serious economic loss of availability and reliability for electric power generation suppliers and other energy supplies worldwide. Turbine problems such as deposition and erosion of blades can result in severe efficiency losses, resulting in significant economic penalties. The primary objective of this paper is to provide a methodology to identify the underlying damage or failure mechanisms, determine the root cause, and choosing immediate and long-term actions to lessen or prevent recurence of the problem.

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Kim, Kibong, Ki-Chang Chang, Hosang Ra, and Yongchan Kim. "Characteristic Analysis on Steam Generation of Steam Heat Pump." In The 2nd World Congress on Momentum, Heat and Mass Transfer. Avestia Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.11159/enfht17.109.

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Bentsman, Joseph, Norman Miller, Dow Drake, et al. "Control of Steam Generation Processes." In 1990 American Control Conference. IEEE, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.23919/acc.1990.4790935.

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Nellist, M. D. "Integration of Solar Steam Facilities with Existing Steam Generation Systems." In SPE EOR Conference at Oil and Gas West Asia. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/190441-ms.

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Reports on the topic "Steam generation"

1

Garcia, M., and B. Chang. OH generation in steam-air pulsed corona. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/80972.

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Douglas Arrell. Next Generation Engineered Materials for Ultra Supercritical Steam Turbines. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/896682.

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Chesnut, D. A. Physical limits on steam generation by radioactive decay heat. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/138266.

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Lemar Jr, Paul L. Flexible Opportunity Fuels for Process Heat and Steam Generation. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1089250.

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none,. Ultra-High Efficiency Industrial Steam Generation R&D Opportunities. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1218680.

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J. K. Wright. Next Generation Nuclear Plant Steam Generator and Intermediate Heat Exchanger Materials Research and Development Plan. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/993192.

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Nathan V. Hoffer, Piyush Sabharwall, and Nolan A. Anderson. Modeling a Helical-coil Steam Generator in RELAP5-3D for the Next Generation Nuclear Plant. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1004263.

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Bailey, Jed. Inter-Fuel Competition in Electricity Generation. Inter-American Development Bank, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0009094.

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This study compares the levelized cost of electricity generated with fossil fuels (including coal, natural gas, fuel oil, and diesel) and renewable or carbon-free energy sources (including hydro, wind, solar, nuclear and geothermal). A meta-study of power generation technology capital costs determined the range of capital costs across the various technologies as well as the range of cost estimates for each individual technology from the various data sources that were examined. Applying these capital costs to a range of operating assumption (such as fuel price and plant utilization rate) resulted in a range of levelized cost of electricity for each technology. In addition, the study examined how the cost of electricity was affected by applying a cost for CO2 emissions and a cost to build new transmission infrastructure to link the power plant in question to the national grid. Finally, the study examined the potential investment cost and benefits in reducing CO2 emissions and levelized costs of electricity by repowering existing thermal power plants or switching high-carbon fuels to lower carbon alternatives. This analysis included two case studies: repowering an older natural-gas fired combustion turbine unit in Peru and repowering and fuel switching an oil-fired steam turbine unit to natural gas in Nicaragua.

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GREENE, G. A., and C. C. FINFROCK. GENERATION, TRANSPORT AND DEPOSITION OF TUNGSTEN-OXIDE AEROSOLS AT 1000 C IN FLOWING AIR-STEAM MIXTURES. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/789898.

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Williams, Wesley. Regenerative Heater Optimization for Steam Turbo-Generation Cycles of Generation IV Nuclear Power Plants with a Comparison of Two Concepts for the Westinghouse International Reactor Innovative and Secure (IRIS). Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/814139.

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