Journal articles: 'Steam turbine service'

1

Shin, C. S. "Continual service reassurance of steam turbine blades." Engineering Failure Analysis 3, no. 2 (June 1996): 95–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/1350-6307(96)00005-2.

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Ding, Yu Feng, and Yu Qun Zhang. "Steam Turbine Remote Maintenance Service Support Technology Based on RFID." Applied Mechanics and Materials 268-270 (December 2012): 1774–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.268-270.1774.

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A framework for supporting steam turbine remote maintenance support service is put forward in this paper. A RFID tag is designed to identify steam turbine. All monitored parameter data is scored in the datacenter of steam turbine cloud platform. User can get all relative data based on the unique RFID tag of steam turbine. The system can also provide fault diagnosis and maintenance solution service for steam turbine based on the fault request. The maintenance solution is given on the basis CBR (case-based reasoning) with rough set theory. A prototype system is developed to demonstrate the feasibility at last.

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Sanneman, Bruce N. "Pioneering Gas Turbine-Electric System in Cruise Ships: A Performance Update." Marine Technology and SNAME News 41, no. 04 (October 1, 2004): 161–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/mt1.2004.41.4.161.

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Recent marine projects have extended the range of applications for GE's LM aeroderivative gas turbines in commercial marine markets. The world's first all gas turbine-powered cruise ship, GTS Millennium, entered service in June 2000. The in-service performance of the combined gas turbine electric and steam system (COGES) will be discussed further in this paper.

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Cui, Lu, and Peng Wang. "Validation of a Phenomenological Lifetime Estimation Method with Biaxial Experiments at High Temperature." Advanced Materials Research 602-604 (December 2012): 2251–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.602-604.2251.

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Modern 9-12%Cr steels are widely used for steam turbine components. For the design optimization and lifetime estimation of steam turbines, it is very important to investigate and describe the deformation as well as crack initiation behavior at critical location of steam turbine components under multiaxial service-type loading conditions. In this paper a phenomenological lifetime estimation method was validated by multiaxial loading. The applicability and reliability of this lifetime estimation model was confirmed by a recalculation of biaxial creep fatigue tests performed on cruciform specimens of rotor steel X12CrMoWVNbN10-1-1 successfully.

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Viswanathan, R., and S. M. Bruemmer. "In-Service Degradation of Toughness of Steam Turbine Rotors." Journal of Engineering Materials and Technology 107, no. 4 (October 1, 1985): 316–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3225825.

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The toughness of steam turbine rotors degrades with time of service exposure in the range of 340°–540°C. There is a need to estimate the toughness degradation that has occurred in order to assess the reliability, remaining life, and further operational parameters for the rotors. Since it is not possible to take large specimens from operating rotors to evaluate the rotor toughness, nondestructive or relatively nondestructive techniques involving removal of small samples are needed. To serve this need, several techniques such as composition based correlations, grain boundary analysis by Auger electron spectroscopy, analytical electron microscopy, and secondary ion mass spectroscopy, chemical and electrochemical etching, eddy current measurements and mechanical testing of miniature samples have been explored by the electric power industry. This paper presents an overview of the principal results emerging from the various on-going projects in this area.

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6

Huang, S. H. "The Reliability Estimation of the Low-Cycle Fatigue Life of Steam Turbine Rotors." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part A: Journal of Power and Energy 207, no. 1 (February 1993): 49–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/pime_proc_1993_207_006_02.

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In this paper, a technique to define the low-cycle fatigue life damage and its cumulative effects on steam turbine rotors using the reliability estimation method is presented. Because of the dispersion of external load spectra and the fatigue strength of materials, the dispersion coefficient is defined to describe the probability relationship between reliability and life damage. The definition of the dispersion coefficient differs according to the probability distribution of service life. The situation for both the logarithmic normal distribution and the Weibull distribution is analysed in this paper. Using this technique, the internal relationship between the crack initiation life damage and the crack propagation life damage is investigated under any selected reliability. It is helpful for managers of power stations to evaluate the state of turbines and to manage the service life of turbine rotors. This technique is useful in evaluating the residual fatigue life of rotors and determining the optimal detecting date. An example is presented in the paper and some valuable results are obtained.

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7

Hendelman, J. C., and R. J. Bazzini. "The Refurbishment of Rotating Steam Turbine Blades." Marine Technology and SNAME News 27, no. 06 (November 1, 1990): 356–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/mt1.1990.27.6.356.

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The remanufacture and repair of steam turbine parts continues to be a cost-effective and viable alternative to replacement with new parts in many cases, providing improved scheduling flexibility in situations where replacement part deliveries cannot support maintenance schedules, and where the cost of replacement parts is not justified when alternatives exist. The extension of these repair techniques to rotating steam turbine blades was a logical extension of the technology available to turbine owners and operators. With turbine blade failures remaining the leading cause of turbine failures in the United States, and 75 percent of all blade failures occurring in the L-0 and L-1 stages, many blades not previously considered candidates for repair are being reevaluated for refurbishment. Although the power generating utilities have led the way in turbine part "salvage" via repairs, the application of the techniques described herein are fully applicable to marine steam propulsion units. These being variable-speed machines, operation off "design point" is more common and blade service is more severe in most cases.

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8

Mayer, K. H., W. Prestel, D. Weber, and M. Weiss. "In-service inspection and defect assessment of steam turbine rotors." International Journal of Pressure Vessels and Piping 66, no. 1-3 (January 1996): 281–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0308-0161(95)00102-6.

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9

Bulloch, J. H. "Service embrittlement trends in large CrMoV steel steam turbine bolts." Theoretical and Applied Fracture Mechanics 24, no. 1 (November 1995): 79–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0167-8442(95)00033-b.

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10

Zhang, Di, and Yong Hui Xie. "Study on Service Life of Last Stage Blade with Damped Structure in Large Power Steam Turbine." Advanced Materials Research 44-46 (June 2008): 803–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.44-46.803.

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Blade which transfers thermal energy of steam into power, is a basic component in steam turbine. The reliability of blade is heavily influenced by the operating environment. The rotating blade experiences large inertial load and the wake of nozzle flow impose large variations of aerodynamic load on blade, in addition, the last stage blade is also affected by corrosion, so accidents of blade happen from time to time. Preventing blade failure has become one of the major objectives of turbine design and in-service maintenance. It is said that the reason for most of blade failure is fatigue fracture. In this study, a synthetical numerical model has been developed to evaluate service life of blade. At first, a numerical model to analyze the excitation force, dynamic frequency and dynamic stress of steam turbine blade has been developed, based on the results of dynamic stress analysis, a model to evaluate the service life of turbine blade has been developed. Many factors such as manufacturing technology of blade and erosion operating environment are considered to get more accurate results for service life of blade. At last, a last stage blade group of a large power steam turbine is analyzed in detail. It is shown clearly that the numerical model can give some rational quantitative results, and it is suitable for its engineering application to the improvement of the blade reliability.

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11

Makarov, A. M., Dmitry A. Gerashchenkov, Sergey E. Aleksandrov, M. A. Markov, Elena Yu Gerashchenkova, A. N. Belyakov, and A. D. Bykova. "Study of the Method of Obtaining Functional Interest-Metallic Coatings Based on Ni-Ti Reinforced with WC Nanoparticles." Key Engineering Materials 822 (September 2019): 760–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.822.760.

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Steam turbine blades in the process of operation are subjects on which the high mechanical loads, erosion, corrosive and vibration effects. These factors significantly reduce their service life, which forces to costly repair work. The application of heat and wear-resistant coating on the turbine blades is a rational way to increase the service life of the turbine.

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12

Džugan, Jan, and Tomas Misek. "High Cycle Fatigue Tests at High Temperature under Superheated Steam Conditions." Advanced Materials Research 538-541 (June 2012): 1630–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.538-541.1630.

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Increasing demand for reliable design of all kinds of structures requires materials properties evaluated under the conditions as close to real service conditions as possible. Presently resolved project dealing with development of new turbine blades geometry requires better understanding of the material behavior under service conditions. Service conditions of turbine blades are cyclic loading at high temperatures under superheated steam conditions. There are not commercially available testing systems providing such functionality and the system allowing samples loading under considered conditions is to be proposed. The paper deals with development of the testing equipment and testing procedure for high cycle fatigue tests in superheated steam corrosive environment. The system allowing cyclic loading at temperatures up to 650°C under superheated steam conditions was successfully designed, assembled and tested on series of testing samples.

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13

Ding, Y. F., and B. Y. Sheng. "Study on steam turbine fault diagnosis and maintenance service grid system." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part B: Journal of Engineering Manufacture 224, no. 3 (October 2009): 517–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/09544054jem1622.

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14

SUNDAR, R., B. K. PANT, HARISH KUMAR, P. GANESH, D. C. NAGPURE, P. HAEDOO, RAKESH KAUL, et al. "Laser shock peening of steam turbine blade for enhanced service life." Pramana 82, no. 2 (February 2014): 347–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12043-014-0688-7.

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15

Cwiek, Janusz, Jerzy Łabanowski, Santina Topolska, and Maria Sozańska. "Determination of Failure Causes of a Steam Turbine Casing." Solid State Phenomena 183 (December 2011): 37–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.183.37.

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The paper presents results of research and failure analysis undertaken to determine failure causes of a steam turbine casing. After 130,000 hours of service the crack in a outer shell of the turbine casing was found. The inner shell of the casing was made of cast steel grade G21CrMoV5-7, and the outer shell of grade G20CrMo4-5. Following research were performed in order to determine causes of the casing failure: chemical analysis; microstructure examinations with the use of light microscope, scanning electron microscope (SEM); mechanical properties examinations using the Charpy impact test, and Vickers hardness test; fracture mode evaluation with SEM.

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16

Hoznedl, Michal, Michal Kolovratník, Ondřej Bartoš, Kamil Sedlák, Robert Kalista, and Lukáš Mrózek. "Experimental research on the flow at the last stage of a 1090 MW steam turbine." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part A: Journal of Power and Energy 232, no. 5 (January 2, 2018): 515–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0957650917749692.

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This paper presents the experimental research for the flow of the last stage of a turbine for saturated steam with the nominal output 1090 MW. In addition, the flows in 600, 800, and 1070 MW output turbines were also measured. Pneumatic probes were used to determine the distribution of static pressures and absolute angles at the outlets from the penultimate and the last stages of the turbine. Optical probes were used to measure wetness distribution and were placed in positions similar to the pneumatic probes. The courses of static pressures, angles, and wetness for all outputs respectively were compared and discussed. The difference between wetness courses on the left and right side of the turbine as well as before and behind last stage was minimal. Absolute angles of steam behind the last stage are strongly influenced by the vacuum level in the condenser. Big difference between the outlet angles from last stage on the left and right side of the turbine is confirmed. The influence of the tie-boss was evident in both pneumatic and wetness measurements. Differences of the flow field on the left and right sides of the turbine behind the penultimate stage are noted and discussed. These differences lead to a dynamic loading of the penultimate rotor blades and could reduce the service life.

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17

BYRON, J. D., S. R. PATERSON, R. R. PROCTOR, and T. J. FEIEREISEN. "ASSESSMENT OF REMAINING USEFUL LIFE OF SHIPS SERVICE TURBINE GENERATOR STEAM CHESTS." Naval Engineers Journal 98, no. 3 (May 1986): 95–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-3584.1986.tb03419.x.

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18

Liu, C., and D. D. Macdonald. "Prediction of Failures of Low-Pressure Steam Turbine Disks." Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology 119, no. 4 (November 1, 1997): 393–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2842321.

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Localized corrosion phenomena, including pitting corrosion, stress corrosion cracking, and corrosion fatigue, are the principal causes of corrosion-induced damage in electric power-generating facilities and typically result in more than 50 percent of the unscheduled outages. In this paper, we describe a deterministic method for predicting localized corrosion damage in low-pressure steam turbine disks downstream of the Wilson line, where a condensed, thin electrolyte layer exists on the steel disk surfaces. Our calculations show that the initiation and propagation of stress corrosion cracking (SCC) is not very sensitive to the oxygen content of the steam, but is sensitive to the conductivity of the condensed liquid layer and the stresses (residual and operational) that the disk experiences in service.

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19

Wang, W. Z., P. Buhl, A. Klenk, and Y. Z. Liu. "The effect of in-service steam temperature transients on the damage behavior of a steam turbine rotor." International Journal of Fatigue 87 (June 2016): 471–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2016.02.040.

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20

Bakic, Gordana, Vera Sijacki-Zeravcic, Milos Djukic, Bratislav Rajicic, and Marko Tasic. "Remaining life assessment of a high pressure turbine casing in creep and low cycle service regime." Thermal Science 18, suppl.1 (2014): 127–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci121219179b.

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Thick walled components such as high pressure (HP) steam turbine casings operating under high parameter conditions are subjected to a complex stress state. As a result of that stress state, some parts of HP turbine casing undergo to the creep fatigue caused by the combination of thermal fatigue resulted from repeated start/stop operation and the creep which occurs during long-term operation at high temperature and high-pressure. It is well known that domestic thermal power plants have been in use over 100000 h which means that significant cost is required not only for maintenance, but often for renewal of equipment. Based on comprehensive investigation, the results of residual life assessment of one high pressure steam turbine casing, which belongs to the older turbine generation, taking into account simultaneous action of thermal fatigue and creep, are presented in this paper. Also, the critical flaw crack size of HP turbine casing is determined because this parameter has a strong influence on casing integrity and residual life. The results of residual life assessment provide not only a basis for further maintenance, but also estimated time for reparation or renewal.

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21

Kim, Chul Su, and Jung Kyu Kim. "Reliability Analysis of Steam Turbine Blade Using Monte Carlo Simulation." Key Engineering Materials 261-263 (April 2004): 549–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.261-263.549.

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In this study, the reliability analysis of the low pressure steam turbine blade was performed using the Monte Carlo simulation considering variations of applied stress and strength. Applied stress under the service condition of steady state was obtained by finite element analysis. The fatigue strength under rotating bending load was evaluated by the staircase method. The most appropriate probabilistic distribution of the fatigue strength is 3-parameter Weibull distribution, which is determined by the comparative analysis. The failure probability under various loading conditions was derived from the strength-stress interference model.

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22

Borishanskiy, K. N. "INCREASING THE ACCURACY OF MEASURING THE FLUTTER OF STEAM TURBINE BLADES IN SERVICE." St. Petersburg State Polytechnical University Journal 249, no. 3 (October 2016): 39–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.5862/jest.249.5.

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23

KIMURA, Kazushige, Takao INUKAI, Kiyoshi SAITO, and Hideo KASHIWAYA. "Nondestructive Evaluation of In-Service Toughness Degradation of CrMoV Steam Turbine Rotor Steel." Journal of the Society of Materials Science, Japan 38, no. 425 (1989): 175–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.2472/jsms.38.175.

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24

Shiotani, S., Y. Takahashi, Tadayoshi Fujioka, Masahiko Matsubara, Takashi Ogata, and A. Nitta. "Analytical Evaluation of Remaining Service Life of Fossil Steam Turbine Rotor and Casing." Key Engineering Materials 51-52 (January 1991): 241–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.51-52.241.

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25

XIN, Jianhua, Anzhong JIANG, Chun YE, Haiqing ZHAI, Boying YUAN, and Xing JIN. "F215 SERVICE LIFE MANAGEMENT AND TRANSIENT OPERATION ANALYSIS FOR 300MW STEAM TURBINE UNITS." Proceedings of the International Conference on Power Engineering (ICOPE) 2003.2 (2003): _2–501_—_2–503_. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeicope.2003.2._2-501_.

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26

ARAKAWA, Daisuke, Hideo MATSUMURA, Hidetaka NISHIDA, and Takashi OGATA. "J0310205 Brittle Properties of Casting Steel after Long-Term Service in Steam Turbine." Proceedings of Mechanical Engineering Congress, Japan 2015 (2015): _J0310205——_J0310205—. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmemecj.2015._j0310205-.

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27

Bodnar, R. L., K. A. Taylor, K. S. Albano, and S. A. Heim. "Improving the Toughness of 3-1/2NiCrMoV Steam Turbine Disk Forgings." Journal of Engineering Materials and Technology 111, no. 1 (January 1, 1989): 61–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3226434.

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Due to the in-service stress corrosion cracking of some 3-1/2NiCrMoV steam turbine disks, the Charpy V-notch toughness requirements for replacement forgings have dramatically increased in recent years. In response to the new requirements, several avenues for improving the toughness of 3-1/2NiCrMoV steel have been explored and are discussed in this paper. Improvements in forging practice, preliminary heat treatment, final heat treatment and composition are recommended which allow the new requirements to be met.

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28

Ma, Ziyue, Xiaofang Wang, Jinguang Yang, Wei Wang, Wenyang Shao, and Xiaowu Jiang. "Acid Corrosion Analysis in the Initial Condensation Zone of a H2O/CO2 Turbine." Energies 14, no. 11 (June 5, 2021): 3323. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14113323.

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A supercritical H2O/CO2 turbine is a key piece of equipment for the coal gasification in the supercritical water (CGSW) cycle to achieve conversion of heat into power. Compared with a traditional steam turbine, the working medium of an H2O/CO2 turbine has a relatively high CO2 concentration. In the initial condensation zone (ICZ), steam condenses into droplets on the turbine blades and the droplets combine with CO2 to form carbonic acid, which corrodes the turbine blades. In order to research the characteristics of acid corrosion in the ICZ of a H2O/CO2 turbine, the acid corrosion rate of the blades in the ICZ of the H2O/CO2 turbine was calculated and analyzed based on the three-dimensional CFD (3D CFD) method and a one-dimensional numerical model of CO2 corrosion. The results suggest that acid corrosion rates decrease stage by stage in the ICZ due to the reduction in temperature and pressure. Rotor blades in the first stage in the ICZ suffer the worst and form a corrosion zone at the trailing edge of the blade and on the pressure surface. The decline of efficiency caused by corrosion settles down to a relatively steady value of 0.6% for a 10 year service time. Moreover, the corrosion area for the last two stages shrinks with the service time due to the rearward movement of the ICZ.

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29

Viswanathan, R., and R. I. Jaffee. "Metallurgical Factors Affecting the Reliability of Fossil Steam Turbine Rotors." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 107, no. 3 (July 1, 1985): 642–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3239784.

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The reliability of steam turbine rotors is of concern both from the point of view of avoiding premature failures prior to the end of the design life and from the point of view of extending the plant life beyond the end of the design life. With respect to rotors that are already in service, improved methods for assessing the remaining life of the rotors are needed. Although some progress has been made toward repairing of damaged rotors, many utilities still consider it risky and would rather replace these rotors than repair them. With respect to new rotors, methods for improving their reliability under cyclic operational conditions and other higher temperature conditions may be needed. All these concerns can be addressed adequately only with improvements in our understanding of the metallurgical behavior of the rotors. This paper is intended to review the various metallurgical factors that affect the reliability of rotors.

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30

Dong, Chuan You, Bao Jun Ge, Yan Ling Lv, and Da Jun Tao. "Analysis of Negative Sequence Operation Characteristics for Nuclear Half Speed Steam Turbine Generator." Advanced Materials Research 1070-1072 (December 2014): 361–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1070-1072.361.

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The development of China's nuclear power industry is very rapid in recent years, nuclear generator also gets great development. With the increase of generator unit capacity, The service life and reliability of the generator is improved too. Among them, transient thermal generator operation ability is one of the key factors that affects the service life and reliability of generator. This paper mainly carries on to the generator produces in asymmetric operation process of negative sequence current and transient negative sequence component analysis theory, and with a turbo generator as an example, the voltage and current in different running states of the generator and the air gap flux density were compared and analyzed with finite element method. The conclusion of this paper has reference significance to deeply research the future of generator negative sequence component.

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31

Beasley, O. W., E. C. Hutchins, P. R. Predick, and J. M. Vavrek. "Induced Draft Fan Innovation for Heat Recovery Steam Generators." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 116, no. 2 (April 1, 1994): 402–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2906834.

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A first of its kind, induced draft (ID) heat recovery steam generators (HRSG) have been in service at a cogeneration facility since 1991. A preliminary engineering study considered a forced draft (FD) fan to supply combustion air to the HRSG duct burners (when the combustion turbine (CT) is out of service) as a traditional design; however, the study indicated that the FD fan may require the HRSG duct burner to be shut off following a CT trip and re-ignited after the FD fan was in service. Although the induced draft HRSG design cost more than the FD fan design, the induced draft design has improved the cogeneration facility’s steam generation reliability by enabling the HRSG to remain in service following a CT trip. This paper briefly summarizes the preliminary engineering study that supported the decision to select the ID fan design. The paper also discusses the control system that operates the fresh-air louvers, duct burners, HRSG, and ID fan during a CT trip. Startup and operating experiences are presented that demonstrate the effectiveness of the design. Lessons learned are also summarized for input into future induced draft HRSG designs.

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32

Morris, Andrew, John P. Dear, and Miltiadis Kourmpetis. "Monitoring High Temperature Steam Pipes Using Optical Strain Measurement Techniques." Applied Mechanics and Materials 5-6 (October 2006): 145–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.5-6.145.

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Optical strain measurement techniques have been extensively developed in recent years in order to cope in various environments. Power stations and wind turbine blades can provide challenging environments for the use of a measurement technique. There are, however, many installation problems to be overcome. For example, there is the need to have regard for the hostile environment in steam generating plant and the demanding conditions to which wind turbine blades are subjected. Ideally the outputs from individual sensors would be used for continuous remote monitoring. However, measurements can also be useful each time the plant is shut down during a plant outage; which would be used to complement data from existing proven rugged monitoring methods. This paper addresses the monitoring of pressurized steam pipes as to their micro-strain growth related to time in service. This paper presents the progress made in the developing of a ruggedised digital speckle ‘sensor’ and associated image capture system. The effect of subsurface defects in the strain distribution is examined.

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33

Manoj Kumar, A. P., and Nayak S. Nagaraj. "Calculation of Friction Coefficients in Journal Bearings to Determine the Turning Gear Motor Power." Applied Mechanics and Materials 232 (November 2012): 869–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.232.869.

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Steam turbine turning gear is a gear train, driven by electric motor, which is used to drive the rotor at a given speed and capable of breaking away the turbine and its load equipment from a standstill. Steam turbine rotor trains are supported by journal bearing which require lube oil for cooling. The normal turning gear operation requires that lube oil and the lift oil systems must be in-service in order to reduce the friction coefficient at the journal bearings during breakaway. The rotor train breakaway and running torque is the resisting moments at each of the journal bearings. The resisting moments at each journal bearing are functions of bearing loading, pad type, journal diameter and friction. Therefore, it is important to determine the static and dynamic coefficient of friction in journal bearings of the rotor system to design the turning gear motor power. In the present work, a detailed study has been made for calculating the static and dynamic friction coefficients in the bearings and validated the values with experiments for designing a suitable motor to run the rotor of a steam turbine.

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34

Wieczorska, Agata. "The Process of Regenerative Heat Treatment of the Valve Chamber of the Steam Turbine." Journal of KONES 26, no. 3 (September 1, 2019): 243–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/kones-2019-0079.

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Abstract Steel castings are often used in the construction of valve chambers of steam turbines. Stringent requirements are set due to the continuous operation of the material at elevated temperatures, in the order of 300°C to 600°C. The material of the valve chamber must be resistant to fatigue-creep changes as well as corrosion. This material must be also resistant to dynamic damage which occures when the turbine is starting and stopping. Dynamic damage is induced by a short-lasting but intense accumulation of localized stresses. The castings of the valve chambers of the steam turbine are usually made from the “three-component” type CrMoV-cast steel. Mentioned castings of the valve chamber are continuously subjected to high temperatures, either constant and periodically variable stresses. Due to this, the degradation process of material of the castings is taking place. It is caused by physicochemical processes such as: creep, relaxation, thermal fatigue, corrosion, erosion and changes in material properties, e.g. displacement of the critical point of brittleness. Finally, first cracks and deformations can be observed in the material during the operation. The art presents the process of revitalization technology of the steam turbine valve chamber which was subjected to long-term operation at high temperatures. The revitalization process is aimed at improving the plastic properties of the material and, as the result, extending its service life. The research presented in the article show that impact strength of the chamber material after revitalization is very high. Also the strength properties of the valve chamber, after revitalization, are high and in line with the requirements. The study show that the revitalization of the valve chamber was carried out correctly and restored the material to plastic deformation.

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35

Cui, Lu, and Peng Wang. "Lifetime Prediction of Steam Turbine Components under Multiaxial Thermo-Mechanical Fatigue Loading." Applied Mechanics and Materials 151 (January 2012): 255–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.151.255.

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Lifetime prediction of steam turbine components under biaxial thermo-mechanical fatigue (TMF) loading of modern high chromium steel is prerequisite for design optimization. In this paper a phenomenological method which envelopes the synthesis of stress strain hysteresis loops and damage assessment under considering creep fatigue interaction is extended to multiaxial loadings. It is proposed as a post processing step depending on the results of a preceding finite element analysis based on a constitutive material model. Recalculation of biaxial service-type experiments on cruciform specimen of modern high chromium rotor steel 10CrMoWVNbN shows satisfactory results for lifetime estimation.

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36

Legkii, Alexandr, Igor Stefanenko, Alexey Kudashev, Vladimir Zlobin, and Natalia Ermilova. "Study of a gas turbine unit energy efficiency." E3S Web of Conferences 281 (2021): 09027. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202128109027.

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The method of the gas turbine unit and the waste heat boiler gas-air duct circuit modernization is considered. The operation scheme of a gas turbine unit and a waste heat boiler with the use of a catalytic afterburner has been shown. There is also a decrease in nitrogen and carbon oxides in the exhaust steam-and-gas mixture due to a deeper cleaning process of the exhaust steam and gas mixture, which leads to an increase in the service life of the waste heat boiler [1]. A more complete process of heat transfer to the coolant in the furnace section of the boiler is performed due to the cleaner steam and gas mixture in the waste heat boiler and due to a decrease in the boiler tubes growth formation by the combustion products. This makes it possible to reduce the cost of fuel consumption by gas burners of the waste heat boiler. Also, as a result of this process, it is possible to reduce fuel consumption for the needs of heating the feed water and the auxiliary needs of a power unit. This article proposes to use lattice devices in the afterburner, treated with active substances by the ion implantation method, as one of the most promising ways of modifying lattice surfaces [2 – 6]. These processes occurring when the steam-and-gas mixture passes through the afterburner, allow increasing the cycle efficiency factor and limit of maximum allowable concentrations (MAC) emissions for various options for the exhaust steam-and-gas mixture utilization of a gas turbine unit (GTU) and heat supply to the waste heat boiler.

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Xie, Yong Hui, Di Zhang, and Zhen Ping Feng. "New Fatigue Model for Service Life Assessment of Last Stage Blade in Steam Turbine Based on Liquid Corrosion and Dynamic Stress." Key Engineering Materials 348-349 (September 2007): 613–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.348-349.613.

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Forced vibration and liquid corrosion are important reasons for last stage blade failure in steam turbine. In order to improve reliability of blades in wet steam stages, the dynamic stress and the liquid-solid impact stress of blade were analyzed firstly, then Neuber’s rule, rainflow counting method and improved cumulative damage rule were introduced to develop a new model to evaluate service life of last stage blade. Many factors such as manufacturing quality, metal quality and operation status were considered, so it is more reasonable for service life assessment of last stage blade. At last, the service life of a last stage blade of 680mm was analyzed and the result approximates the practical service life. It is shown the new fatigue model can give some significant data and is usable for engineering application.

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UEMURA, Hiromi, and Masayoshi KOHNO. "Temper Embrittlement Characteristic of Cr-Mo-V Steel Steam Turbine Rotors in Long Term Service." Tetsu-to-Hagane 93, no. 4 (2007): 324–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.2355/tetsutohagane.93.324.

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Wolfenden, A., K. Kimura, T. Inukai, K. Saito, and H. Kashiwaya. "Nondestructive Evaluation of In-Service Toughness Degradation for Cr-Mo-V Steam Turbine Rotor Steel." Journal of Testing and Evaluation 18, no. 3 (1990): 172. http://dx.doi.org/10.1520/jte12470j.

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YE, Chun, Hanping CHEN, Anzhong JIANG, Jianhua XIN, Xing JIN, Boying YUAN, and Haiqing ZHAI. "C206 A METHOD EVALUATING SERVICE LIFE OF STEAM TURBINE ROTOR BASED ON ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORK." Proceedings of the International Conference on Power Engineering (ICOPE) 2003.2 (2003): _2–201_—_2–204_. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeicope.2003.2._2-201_.

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41

Yang, X. H., and W. Z. Dui. "Study of steam turbine blade degradationPart 1 – Degradation of mechanical properties of blade during service." Materials Science and Technology 17, no. 5 (May 2001): 551–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/026708301101510195.

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42

Bosak, Mykola, Oleksandr Hvozdetskyi, Bohdan Pitsyshyn, and Serhii Vdovychuk. "THE RESEARCH OF CIRCULATION WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM OF POWER UNIT OF THERMAL POWER PLANT WITH HELLER COOLING TOWER." Theory and Building Practice 2020, no. 2 (November 20, 2020): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/jtbp2020.02.001.

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Analytical hydraulic researches of the circulating water cooling system of the power unit of a thermal power plant with Heller cooling tower have been performed. Analytical studies were performed on the basis of experimental data obtained during the start-up tests of the circulating water cooling system of the “Hrazdan-5” power unit with a capacity of 300 MW. Studies of the circulating water cooling system were carried out at an electric power of the power unit of 200 - 299 MW, with a thermal load of 320 - 396 Gcal/hr. By circulating pumps (CP), water mixed with condensate is fed to the cooling tower, from where it is returned through the turbine for spraying by nozzles in the turbine steam condenser. An attempt to increase the water supply to the condenser by increasing the size of the nozzles did not give the expected results. The amount of the water supply to the circulating pumping station depends on the pressure loss in the circulating water cooling system. The highest pressure losses are in hydro turbines (HT), which are part of the circulating pumping station. Therefore, by adjusting the load of the hydro turbine, with a decrease in water pressure losses, you can increase the water supply by circulating pumps to the condenser. Experimental data and theoretical dependences were used to calculate the changed hydraulic characteristics of the circulating water cooling system. As a result of reducing the pressure losses in the section of the hydro turbine from 1.04 to 0.15 kgf/cm2, the dictating point for the pressure of circulating pumping station will be the turbine steam condenser. The thermal power plant cooling tower is designed to service two power units. Activation of the peak cooler sectors of the cooling tower gives a reduction of the cooled water temperature by 2-4 °С only with the spraying system.

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Latcovich, John, Evangelos Michalopoulos, and Bernie Selig. "Risk-based Analysis Tools." Mechanical Engineering 120, no. 11 (November 1, 1998): 72–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1998-nov-3.

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American Society of Mechanical Engineering’s (ASME) risk-based inspection methodologies are being used to optimize and prioritize equipment overhaul and maintenance, and upgrade decisions. Hartford Steam Boiler Inspection and Insurance Co. (HSB) collaborated with ASME in developing these guidelines, and it used the ASME methodologies to develop its risk-based decision tools for steam turbine generators. The ASME Risk-Based Inspection Guidelines define five primary steps in developing risk-based programs. These are system definition, qualitative risk assessment, system assessment ranking, inspection program development, and economic optimization. In order to differentiate between turbines and generators in several types of service, the team designed a questionnaire that requires the owner or operator to identify equipment design features, monitoring capabilities, past operating and failure history, as well as current operating experience, inspection, and maintenance practices. The STRAP program is presently in the beta-testing phase, where 30 different turbines representing eight different manufacturers and three different industries have been analyzed. Full implementation of the program is expected to occur in the fall of 1998.

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Chen, J. M., D. X. Jiang, N. F. Wang, and S. P. An. "Dynamic Response of Rub Caused by a Shedding Annular Component Happening in a Steam Turbine." Shock and Vibration 2015 (2015): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/607674.

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Rub caused by a shedding annular component is a severe fault happening in a steam turbine, which could result in a long-term wearing effect on the shaft. The shafting abrasion defects shortened the service life and damaged the unit. To identify the fault in time, the dynamic response of rub caused by a shedding annular component was studied as follows: (I) a rotor-bearing model was established based on the structural features of certain steam turbines; node-to-node contact constraint and penalty method were utilized to analyze the impact and friction; (II) dynamic response of the rotor-bearing system and the shedding component was simulated with the development of rub after the component was dropping; (III) fault features were extracted from the vibration near the bearing position by time-domain and frequency-domain analysis. The results indicate that the shedding annular component would not only rotate pivoting its axis but also revolve around the shaft after a period of time. Under the excitation of the contact force, the peak-peak vibration fluctuates greatly. The frequency spectrum contains two main components, that is, the working rotating frequency and revolving frequency. The same phenomenon was observed from the historical data in the field.

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Chernousenko, Olha Yu, Dmytro V. Ryndiuk, and Vitalii A. Peshko. "Assessment of Residual Service Life of Cast Bodies of Control Valves of 220 MW Power Units." Journal of Mechanical Engineering 23, no. 4 (December 30, 2020): 22–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/pmach2020.04.022.

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In the regulatory documents of the Ministry of Energy and Coal Industry of Ukraine, the beyond-design operating life of the high-energy equipment of 220 MW power units is limited to the operating life of 220 thousand hours and 800 start-ups. To date, the high-temperature cast bodies of the control valves for the high- and intermediate-pressure cylinders of the K-200-130 200 MW steam turbines of DTEK Lugansk TPP have operated about 305–330 thousand hours with the total number of start-ups from 1438 to 1704, which exceeded the beyond-design service life characteristics. Therefore, it is necessary to assess the residual operating life of the control valve bodies of the high- and intermediate-pressure cylinders of K-200-130 steam turbines in order to determine the possibility of their further operation. These calculations were carried out on the basis of our earlier studies of the thermal and stress-strain states of cast turbine equipment. This paper establishes the values of stress intensity amplitudes, the values having been reduced to a symmetric loading cycle for the most typical variable operating modes. Using the experimental low-cycle fatigue curves for the 15Kh1M1FL steel, we established the values of the permissible number of start-ups and the cyclic damage accumulated in the base metal. We also determined the value of the static damage accumulated in the course of stationary operating modes according to our previously obtained experimental data on the long-term strength of the 15Kh1M1FL steel. The calculations showed that the total damage to the control valve bodies of the K-200-130 steam turbine of power unit 15 of DTEK Lugansk TPP is 97 and 98%. The residual operating life of the metal of the control valves of high-pressure cylinders is practically exhausted, being equal to 10 thousand hours. The residual life of the control valves of intermediate- pressure cylinders is 7 thousand hours, i.e. it is also practically exhausted, with safety factors for the number of cycles and strains at the level of 5 and 1.5, as well as the permissible 370,000 operating hours of the metal. With an increase in the permissible operating life of the metal to 470 thousand hours, according to experimental studies of Igor Sikorsky KPI, the total damage to the metal of cast valve bodies is reduced to 80%, and the residual metal life increases to 79,000 h and 75,000 h for the control valves of the high- and intermediate-pressure cylinders, respectively.

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Klotz, U. E., C. Solenthaler, P. J. Uggowitzer, and M. O. Speidel. "Application of STEM-EDX Mapping for Characterizing Microstructural Instabilities En 9-12% Chromium Steels With Martensitic-Austenitic Microstructure." Microscopy and Microanalysis 6, S2 (August 2000): 354–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927600034267.

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Materials for high-temperature application, e.g. in gas-turbine compressor discs or steam turbine rotors, are often susceptible to microstructural instabilities during long-term service. Such instabilities reduce the service life due to a deterioration of the mechanical properties. Therefore, it is most important to identify such instabilities, which often take place in sub-micrometer scale. A class of materials widely used in power generating industries are the martensitic 9-12% Cr steels. In the present work STEM-EDX mappings were used to reveal the distribution of alloying elements in 9-12% Cr steels with a martensitic-austenitic microstructure developed recently.The chemical composition of the material investigated was Fe-10.1Cr-6.2Co-5.2Mn-2.1Ni-1.2Mo-0.47V-0.1 IN (weight-percent). The material was subjected to a two step heat-treatment of normalizing at 1175°C for 1.5h with subsequent quenching and controlled tempering at 600°C for 20h. Due to the high amount of manganese and nickel a duplex microstructure of 30-40vol.% of austenite in a matrix of tempered martensite is formed during tempering.

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47

Matsubara, Masaaki, and Akito Nitta. "Creep Damage Detection for a Steam Turbine Rotor Material after Long-Term Service Using Ultrasonic Technique." Transactions of the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers Series A 59, no. 565 (1993): 2061–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/kikaia.59.2061.

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Brodov, Yu M., M. A. Nirenshtein, K. É. Aronson, and A. Yu Ryabchikov. "Characteristics of in-service analysis of condensing heat exchangers in steam-turbine units for their modernization." Power Technology and Engineering 41, no. 5 (September 2007): 291–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10749-007-0053-9.

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Milovanovic, Zdravko, Svetlana Dumonjic-Milovanovic, Aleksandar Milasinovic, and Darko Knezevic. "Efficiency of operation of 300 MW condensing thermal power blocks with supercritical steam parameters in sliding pressure mode." Thermal Science 22, Suppl. 5 (2018): 1371–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci18s5371m.

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The previous research of the application of sliding pressure has shown certain advantages in the operation of high-power condensing blocks with supercritical steam parameters in sliding pressure mode in comparison to the one with constant pressure. The maintenance of stable temperature regime and thermal expansion of turbine elements, prolongation of service life of materials of steam pipes and heating surfaces of the boiler due to the decrease in pressure of the working medium are only some of those advantages. On the other hand, the operation mode of a condensing block with sliding pressure is characterized by the change in cost-effectiveness. The result of this change is mainly due to the de-crease of steam throttling in the turbine's balancing valves and the increase of its internal action in a high pressure turbine, then also due to reduced steam consumption of the feed turbo pump just like a drop in the feed water pressure at the steam boiler inlet. A model has been developed within the framework of this study that follows such changes and their graphical interpretation is provided. The analysis results show that switching 300 MW blocks from the constant to the sliding pressure regime in the 30-60% load range increases the block efficiency respectively by 6.70-1.05%.

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Hendry, Morgan, and Michael Zekas B. "U.S. Navy Experience with SSS (Synchro-Self-Shifting) Clutches." Mechanical Engineering 132, no. 08 (August 1, 2010): 54–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2010-aug-9.

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This article discusses the experience of the US Navy with Synchro-Self-Shifting (SSS) clutches. The US Navy has nearly 40 years of experience using SSS clutches in main reduction gears of gas-turbine-driven ships and propulsion systems with combinations of gas turbines and diesel engines or electric motors, and in steam-turbine propulsion plants for use with electric motor drives. Over 900 SSS clutches have been installed in 14 different classes of US Navy ships, with some having been in service for over 30 years. SSS clutches have accumulated approximately 15,278,000 hours of operation. Mean Time Between Failures in Hours for US Navy clutch applications is relatively high (271,550 hours) based on the operational hours accumulated and the total number of failures that have occurred. The maintenance and repair strategy used for US Navy SSS clutches is similar to a Performance Based Logistics arrangement, where the Navy maintains a rotatable pool of ready-for-issue clutches, and in the event of a problem or failure, the clutch is changed out with an available spare.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Steam turbine service'

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